[go: up one dir, main page]

JP2004297374A - Small antenna - Google Patents

Small antenna Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004297374A
JP2004297374A JP2003085948A JP2003085948A JP2004297374A JP 2004297374 A JP2004297374 A JP 2004297374A JP 2003085948 A JP2003085948 A JP 2003085948A JP 2003085948 A JP2003085948 A JP 2003085948A JP 2004297374 A JP2004297374 A JP 2004297374A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
conductor
less
frequency
small antenna
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2003085948A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3744914B2 (en
Inventor
Takeshi Furuno
剛 古野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Corp
Original Assignee
Kyocera Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kyocera Corp filed Critical Kyocera Corp
Priority to JP2003085948A priority Critical patent/JP3744914B2/en
Publication of JP2004297374A publication Critical patent/JP2004297374A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3744914B2 publication Critical patent/JP3744914B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】周波数測定時の周波数ずれを防止し、且つカケの発生と断線不良を削減し安定して製造できる小型アンテナを提供する。
【解決手段】誘電体セラミックスからなり、直方体状の基体1の少なくとも2つの隣り合う少なくとも平面8、9にわたって導体2を形成し、その一端に電圧を印加するための給電端子を接続してなり、上記導体2を形成した2つの平面8、9の角部に傾斜部6および長さ0.08mm以下の平坦部5とからなる段部12を形成するとともに、少なくとも平坦部5と平面9との境界部7が曲率半径R0.03〜0.2mmの曲面状とする。
【選択図】 図1
Provided is a small antenna capable of preventing a frequency deviation at the time of frequency measurement, reducing generation of chips and disconnection defects, and stably manufacturing.
A conductor 2 is formed over at least two adjacent planes 8 and 9 of a rectangular parallelepiped base 1 made of a dielectric ceramic, and a power supply terminal for applying a voltage is connected to one end of the conductor 2. At the corners of the two planes 8 and 9 on which the conductor 2 is formed, a step 12 comprising an inclined part 6 and a flat part 5 having a length of 0.08 mm or less is formed. The boundary 7 has a curved surface with a radius of curvature R of 0.03 to 0.2 mm.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、通信分野、特に携帯電話機などの移動体通信機器などに内蔵して用いられる表面実装型の小形アンテナに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、携帯電話機などの移動体通信機器は、小型化が飛躍的に進んでいる。このような通信機器の小形化に伴って、通信機器に内蔵されるアンテナにも小型化が要求されており、直方体状の基体の表面に導体を形成し、通信機器の内部ボードに表面実装される小型アンテナが実用化されている。
【0003】
図4は、従来の小型アンテナの概略を示す斜視図であり、図5は、図4のB−B’線における断面図である。図4に示すように、従来の小型アンテナ15は、直方体状の基体13の表面に導体2が形成され、通信機器内のボード4に半田3により表面実装され、図示していないがボード4の配線と電気的に接続されている。一般に導体2は基体13の2面以上にわたり形成され、例えば、図5に示すように導体2は平面8〜11の4面にわたり形成され、それぞれ電気的に接続している。導体2は平面8に導体ペーストを用いてスクリーン印刷した後、平面9に同様に導体ペーストを用いてスクリーン印刷し、順に各面をスクリーン印刷することで得ることができる。
【0004】
隣り合う2つの平面に導体2を電気的に接続させる方法として、一般に導体2のパターンより大きいパターンのスクリーンを使用することにより次の平面にたれが発生し電気的に接続することができる。図6は平面8に導体2のパターンより大きいパターンのスクリーンを用いてスクリーン印刷したときの従来の小型アンテナの拡大断面図である。図6に示すように平面8に印刷した導体2は平面9にたれ18が発生する。このたれ18により平面9にスクリーン印刷した時に平面9の導体2と接触し電気的に接続することになる。
【0005】
また、一般にアンテナとして正常に機能しているかを検査するためネットワークアナライザーを使用し周波数測定を行が、携帯電話等に実装される時は図4に示すようにボード4に半田3にて固着して表面実装されるが、実装する前に小型アンテナ15の周波数測定を行う場合は、ボード4に半田3にて固着してしまうと破壊検査となり、周波数不良が発生した場合ボード4も廃棄する必要があり経済的に不利となってしまう。そのため、半田3で固着せずボード4上に小型アンテナ15を設置しそのままの状態で周波数測定を行うか、または、小型アンテナ15の上部からの加圧や下部からの吸引により小型アンテナ15をボード4上に固定して周波数測定を行っている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、段部を設けていない直方体状の基体13を使用した場合、図6に示すように導体2のパターンより大きいパターンのスクリーンを用いて印刷するためたれ18の形成と同時に突起23も形成してしまう。これは導体2のパターンより大きいパターンのスクリーンを使用するため導体2のパターンより大きくしたスクリーンの部分に導体ペーストが溜まるために発生すると考えられる。
【0007】
ここで、突起23が形成された小型アンテナ15の周波数を測定する場合、半田3を用いてボード4上に固着して行う場合は図8(a)に示すように、突起23が存在しても半田3が導体2とボード4の間を埋めるため問題は発生しないが、半田3を使用せずに測定する場合は図8(b)に示すように、突起23によりボード4と導体2の間に空間が存在し、半田3を用いて固着して測定した場合と周波数のずれが発生してしまうという第1の課題があった。周波数のずれが発生すると、半田3を使用せずに周波数測定が出来なくなり、周波数検査が破壊検査となってしまう。
【0008】
これは、突起23により発生するボード4と導体2の間の空間に導体2である半田の代わりに、誘電体である空気が存在するために電気的ずれが発生し周波数がずれると考えられる。
【0009】
また、直方体状の基体13を使用した場合、直方体状の基体13の製造工程中や導体2を形成する工程中において、基体13同士が衝突したり製造工程で使用されるジグ等に衝突することでカケが発生するという問題があった。カケが発生した場合、外観上不良となると同時に、導体2部にカケが発生した場合、断線不良となりアンテナとして機能しなくなってしまう。
【0010】
この問題を回避するために、セラミックのカケ防止方法として、一般に外周部にC面や段部を設ける方法がある。図7は粉末プレス成形により金型を用いて成形する場合に、基体13の角部に段部21を形成した場合の従来の小型アンテナの概略を示す拡大断面図である。
【0011】
図7に示すように、基体3の角部に傾斜部19及び平坦部20とからなる段部21を設けることで基体13のカケの発生を防止することが用いられている。しかし、小型アンテナの場合、平面8と平面9の導体2を電気的に接続する必要があるが、金型によって基体13の角部に段部21を形成する場合には平坦部20の長さgは金型強度の問題により0.08mm以上必要であり、導体2のたれ22以上の寸法となるため電気的に接続できないものが発生し、断線不良となりアンテナとして機能しなくなるという第2の課題があった。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の小型アンテナは、誘電体セラミックスからなり、直方体状の基体の少なくとも2つの隣り合う平面にわたって導体を形成してなり、上記導体を形成した2つの平面の角部に傾斜部および長さ0.08mm以下の平坦部からなる段部を形成するとともに、少なくとも上記平坦部とこれに連続する平面との境界部が曲率半径R0.03〜0.2mmの曲面状としたことを特徴とする。
【0013】
また、上記段部の深さが0.15mm以下であることを特徴とする。
【0014】
さらに、上記傾斜部の角度が100〜160°であることを特徴とする。
【0015】
またさらに、上記段部に形成された導体の厚みと平面に形成された導体の厚みの差が0.02mm以下であることを特徴とする。
【0016】
さらにまた、上記段部に形成された導体の欠損部が導体の幅に対して50%以下であることを特徴とする。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。
【0018】
図1は本発明の小型アンテナの一実施形態を示す斜視図、図2(a)はそのA−A’線における断面図、図2(b)は同図(a)の主要部を示す部分拡大断面図である。
【0019】
図1、図2(a)、(b)に示すように、本発明の小型アンテナ14は、誘電体セラミックスからなり、直方体状の基体1の少なくとも2つの隣り合う平面にわたって導体2を形成してなり、その一端に電圧を印加するための給電端子を半田3によって接続する。
【0020】
上記基体1は、Ba−Nd−Ca−Ti系の誘電体セラミックス(比誘電率80〜120)、Nd−Al−Ca−Ti系誘電体セラミックス(比誘電率43〜46)、La−Al−Sr−Ti系誘電体セラミックス(比誘電率38〜41)、Ba−Ti系誘電体セラミックス(比誘電率34〜36)、Ba−Mg−W系誘電体セラミックス(比誘電率20〜22)、Mg−Ca−Ti系誘電体セラミックス(比誘電率19〜21)、アルミナセラミックス(比誘電率9〜10)、コージライトセラミックス(比誘電率4〜6)等からなり、金型を用いて粉末プレス成形等によって成形し、これを焼成することにより得られるものである。
【0021】
また、基体1の表面に形成された導体2は、Ag、Ag−Pd、Ag−Pt等の導電性材料から成り、ペースト状の上記導電性材料を基体1の表面に形成される導体2の寸法より大きい寸法としたスクリーンを用いてスクリーン印刷によって所定の温度で焼き付けることにより種々のパターンに形成される。スクリーン印刷は、順に各平面に行われ、隣り合う平面に印刷された導体2を電気的に接続させる方法として、導体2のパターンより大きいパターンのスクリーンを使用することにより次の面にたれが発生し電気的に接続することができる。
【0022】
ここで、本発明では図2に示すように、上記導体2を形成した2つの平面8、9の角部に傾斜部6および長さaが0.08mm以下の平坦部5とからなる段部12を形成するとともに、少なくとも平坦部5と該平坦部5と連続する平面9との境界部7が曲率半径R0.03〜0.2mmの曲面状とすることが重要である。
【0023】
2つの平面の角部に傾斜部6と平坦部5とからなる段部12を形成することにより、基体1の製造工程中や導体2を形成する工程中において、基体1同士が衝突したり製造工程で使用されるジグ等に衝突してもカケが発生するのを防止し、導体2が断線することを防止することができる。また、平坦部5の長さaを0.08mm以下とすることで、平坦部5と連続する平面9に印刷した導体2のたれ17と、傾斜部6に連続する平面8に印刷した導体2のたれ16とが十分に接続して電気的な断線を防止することができる。
【0024】
また、上記境界部7が曲率半径R0.03〜0.2mmの曲面状とすることによって、平坦部5と連続する平面9に導体2の印刷を行った際、スクリーンが境界部7の曲面形状に沿って密着して一定の厚みで形成することができるとともに、たれ17の寸法も大きくなり断線不良が発生しない。
【0025】
なお、上記曲率半径Rが0.03mm未満となると、図6に示すような突起23が大きくなり、小型アンテナ14を半田3を使用してボード4に固着して周波数測定を行った場合と半田3を使用せずにボード4に固着した場合の周波数ずれが大きくなり周波数測定が困難となってしまう。また、0.2mmを越えると詳細を後述するように境界部7を曲面状に形成する際に施すバレル研磨の時間が長くなり経済的に不利になる。
【0026】
また上記曲率半径Rは、より好ましくは0.03〜0.05mmとしておけば断線不良や周波数ずれの発生率が小さくなるとともに、バレル研磨の時間も5時間程度となり経済的にも有利となる。
【0027】
また、上記平坦部5から傾斜部6と連続する平面8までの距離である段部12の深さbが0.15mm以下であることが好ましく、図3(a)に示すように、傾斜部6と連続する平面8に導体2を印刷した際、スクリーンが傾斜部6に沿って密着することにより、たれ16は平坦部5まで達し平坦部5に形成された導体2と十分に接続して電気的な断線を防止することができる。
【0028】
さらに、上記傾斜部6の角度hが100〜160°であることが好ましく、上記同様に平面8に導体2を印刷した際、傾斜部6に沿って密着することにより、たれ16は平坦部5まで達し平坦部5に形成された導体2と十分に接続して電気的な断線を防止することができる。なお、上記角度hが160°を越えると傾斜部6が水平に近くなり段部12によるカケ防止効果が小さくなりカケ不良が増加し、断線不良の増加につながってしまう。また、上記傾斜部6の角度hは、120〜140°することがより好ましく、導体により確実にたれ16を発生させることができる。
【0029】
このように基体1に曲面状の境界部7を有する段部12を形成した小型アンテナは、図3(b)に示すように上記段部12に形成された導体2の最大の厚みt1と平面に形成された導体2の最大の厚みt2との差が0.02mm以下とすることが好ましい。
【0030】
この厚みの差が0.02mm以下であれば、段部12の導体2に部分的に厚みの大きな箇所が生じても、周波数を測定する際にボード4と導体2の間に発生する空間が小さくなるため半田3により導体2を形成した基体1をボード4に固着して測定した周波数と、半田3を使用せずに導体2を形成した基体1をボードに周波数を測定した時の周波数のずれが発生することはなく高精度な周波数測定を行うことができる。
【0031】
また、図3(c)に示すように上記段部12に形成された導体2の欠損部2aが導体2の幅cに対して50%以下とすることができ、周波数のばらつきが小さくなり歩留まり低下が発生しない。これは、導体2の欠損部2aが発生し、導体2の幅が小さくなると電気抵抗が変化し周波数が変化するためである。
【0032】
なお、上記導体2の厚みは表面粗さ計を用いて測定でき、基体1と導体2の断面形状を測定した後、基体1の段部12に形成された導体2のうち最大の厚みをt1、平面を基準とし導体2のうち最大の厚みをt2とした。
【0033】
また、導体2の幅cと欠損部2aの寸法は投影機により測定し、導体2の幅cを100%としたときの欠損部2aの割合を算出したものである。
【0034】
このように平坦部5、傾斜部6および曲面状の境界部7を有する基体1を得るには、先ず誘電体セラミックスを金型を用いて粉末プレス成形により成形し、これを焼成することにより得られるが、上記金型の上パンチと下パンチを段部12の形状としておくことによって、プレス成形時に成形体の角部に段部12を形成することができる。但し、上記金型では金型強度の問題により境界部7の形状をR形状とすることができないため、焼成した基体1にバレル研磨を施すことによって平坦部5と平面との境界部7を曲面形状とする。このバレル研磨は基体1の寸法や材質により異なるが、バレル機の30容量%程度の数の基体1と50〜70容量%の水を入れ6時間程度回転させることで境界部7を形成するとともに、平坦部5の長さaを0.08mm以下とすることができる。
【0035】
ここで、本発明の小型アンテナとは、基体1の体積が約500mm以下のものであり、ボード4上に半田3により表面実装され、携帯電話等の小型通信機器に内蔵されて使用されるものである。
【0036】
なお、上述の実施形態では平面8、9の角部に形成した段部12について説明したが、この段部12は導体2が形成される全ての角部に形成されるものである。
【0037】
また、上述の実施形態ではバレル研磨によって境界部7のみを曲面状としたが、平坦部5と傾斜部6の境界、傾斜部6と平面8との境界が曲面形状を成していてもよい。
【0038】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。
【0039】
図1に示すような小型アンテナ14を作製した。
【0040】
先ず、アルミナセラミックス(比誘電率:9〜10)を使用して外辺寸法x10mm、外辺寸法y4mm、厚みz4mmの直方体状の基体1を作成した。なお、段部12の平坦部5の長さa、段部の深さb、境界部7の曲率半径R、傾斜部6の角度hは金型寸法及びバレル研磨時間を変更して各寸法を表1に示す如く変化させたものを作製した。
【0041】
そして、これらの基体1の4つの平面にそれぞれAgを厚膜印刷した後、所定の温度にて大気中で乾燥させ、焼成を行って、厚さ0.02mmの導体2を形成した。ここで、導体2の寸法は周波数が1.575GHzになるように寸法を決定した。
【0042】
得られた各1000個の小型アンテナ14を用いてボード4に設置する導体2の平面10と境界部7の各厚みと共振周波数、および境界部7の導体2の幅と欠損部の寸法を測定した。
【0043】
導体2の厚みは表面粗さ計を使用して基体1と導体2の断面形状を測定した後、基体1の段部12に形成された導体2の厚みの最大値を厚みt1、基体1の平面に形成された導体2の厚みの最大値を厚みt2としてその差を求めた。
【0044】
また、導体2の幅cと欠損部2aの寸法は、投影機により測定し、導体2の幅cを100%としたときの欠損部2aの割合を算出した。
【0045】
さらに、周波数は測定用の電極を設けたボード4上に小型アンテナ14を半田3を使用せずに設置し、同軸ケーブルを通じてネットワークアナライザーに接続して測定し、共振周波数が測定できなかったものを顕微鏡にて確認し断線の有無を確認した。その後半田3を使用してボード4に固着して同様に周波数を測定し、半田3を使用したときと使用していないときの周波数の差の最大値を周波数ずれ量とした。また、半田3を使用しないで測定した周波数の最大値と最小値の差を周波数ばらつきとした。
【0046】
カケについても顕微鏡で確認し0.5mm以上をカケ不良とした。
【0047】
なお、導体2の厚み測定、導体2の欠損部2aの割合、および半田3を使用した周波数の測定は各20個とした。
【0048】
その結果を表1に示す。
【0049】
なお、表1中の*印は本発明範囲外である。
【0050】
【表1】

Figure 2004297374
【0051】
表1から、基体1の段部12において、平坦部5の長さaが0.08mm以下、境界部7の曲率半径Rが0.03mm以上の試料(No.5〜10、13〜16)は、導体の厚みの差が0.013mm以下、導体の欠損部の比率は68%以下、周波数のバラツキは16MHz以下、周波数の測定値のずれ量は0.7MHz以下、カケ不良率は3.2%以下、断線不良率は4.7%以下であった。
【0052】
特に、段部12の深さaが0.15mm以下、傾斜部6の角度hが100〜160°
の試料(No.6〜10、13〜15)は、導体の厚みの差が0.013mm以下、導体の欠損部の比率は23%以下、周波数のバラツキは7MHz以下、周波数の測定値のずれ量は0.7MHz以下、カケ不良率は0.2%以下、断線不良率は3.3%以下と非常に優れた値であった。
【0053】
但し、境界部7の曲率半径Rが0.2mmより大きくするとバレル時間が16時間以上必要であり経済的に不利となるため、寸法cはR0.03〜0.2mmが望ましい。
【0054】
これに対し、段部を有しない試料(No.1)、段部を有するものの境界部が曲面状になっていない試料(No.2〜4)及び段部の境界部の曲率半径が0.03未満、0.2mmを越える試料(No.11、12)は、導体の厚みの差が0.026mm、導体の欠損部の比率は73%、周波数のバラツキは18MHz以下、周波数の測定値のずれ量は5.1MHz以下、カケ不良率は18%以下、断線不良率は35.2%以下と非常に大きな値となり、段部において導体が断線し、正確な周波数を測定できないことが判る。
【0055】
【発明の効果】
本発明の小型アンテナによれば、基体の導体を形成した2つの平面の角部に傾斜部および長さ0.08mm以下の平坦部からなる段部を形成するとともに、少なくとも平坦部とこれに連続する平面との境界部が曲率半径R0.03〜0.2mmの曲面状としたことから、角部において導体を確実に接続でき、カケ不良率、断線不良率、周波数ばらつきともに削減することができる。
【0056】
また、上記段部の深さが0.15mm以下であることから、角部において導体をより確実に接続でき、カケ不良率、断線不良率、周波数ばらつきともに削減することができる。
【0057】
さらに、上記傾斜部の角度が100〜160°であることから、傾斜部と連続する平面に形成された導体が傾斜部の端部まで密着性高く形成され、カケ不良率、断線不良率、周波数ばらつきともに削減することができる。
【0058】
またさらに、上記段部に形成された導体の厚みと平面に形成された導体の厚みの差が0.02mm以下、導体の欠損部が導体の幅に対して50%以下であることから、小型アンテナをボードに固着して測定した周波数と、半田を使用せずにボードに配置して周波数を測定した時の周波数のずれが発生することはなく高精度な周波数測定を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の小型アンテナの一実施形態を示す斜視図である。
【図2】(a)は図1のA−A’線における断面図、(b)は同図(a)の主要部を示す部分拡大断面図である。
【図3】(a)は本発明の小型アンテナを示す拡大断面図、(b)は主要部を示す部分拡大断面図、(c)は同図(b)の上面図。
【図4】従来の小型アンテナを示す斜視図である。
【図5】従来の小型アンテナを示す断面図である。
【図6】従来の小型アンテナを示す拡大断面図である。
【図7】従来の小型アンテナを示す拡大断面図である。
【図8】(a)は従来の小型アンテナの半田を使用した場合のボードへの接続状態を示した拡大断面図であり、(b)は同じく半田を使用しない場合のボードへの接続状態を示した拡大断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 :基体
2 :導体
2a:欠損部
3 :半田
4 :ボード
5 :平坦部
6 :傾斜部
7 :境界部
8 :平面
9 :平面
10:平面
11:平面
12:段部
13:基体
14:小型アンテナ
15:小型アンテナ
16:たれ
17:たれ
18:たれ
19:斜面
20:平坦部
21:段部
22:たれ
23:突起
24:最大厚み位置
a :平坦部の長さ
b :段部の深さ
c :導体の幅
t1:段部の導体厚み
t2:平面の導体厚み[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a small surface-mounted antenna used in a communication field, in particular, a mobile communication device such as a mobile phone.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, miniaturization of mobile communication devices such as mobile phones has been dramatically advanced. With the downsizing of such communication devices, the antennas built into the communication devices are also required to be reduced in size.A conductor is formed on the surface of a rectangular parallelepiped base, and the antenna is mounted on an internal board of the communication device. Small antennas have been put to practical use.
[0003]
FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a conventional small antenna, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB 'in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, a conventional small antenna 15 has a conductor 2 formed on a surface of a rectangular parallelepiped base 13, and is surface-mounted on a board 4 in a communication device by soldering 3. It is electrically connected to the wiring. In general, the conductor 2 is formed over two or more surfaces of the base body 13. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the conductor 2 is formed over four surfaces 8 to 11 and is electrically connected to each other. The conductor 2 can be obtained by screen-printing the plane 8 with a conductor paste after using a conductor paste, and then screen-printing the plane 9 with the conductor paste in the same manner, and screen-printing each surface in turn.
[0004]
As a method of electrically connecting the conductors 2 to two adjacent planes, generally, by using a screen having a pattern larger than the pattern of the conductors 2, sagging occurs on the next plane and electrical connection can be made. FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a conventional small antenna when screen printing is performed on a plane 8 using a screen having a pattern larger than the pattern of the conductor 2. As shown in FIG. 6, the conductor 2 printed on the plane 8 is sagged 18 on the plane 9. When the screen 18 is screen-printed on the plane 9 by the sag 18, the conductor 2 on the plane 9 contacts and is electrically connected.
[0005]
In general, a frequency measurement is performed using a network analyzer to check whether the antenna is functioning normally. When the antenna is mounted on a mobile phone or the like, it is fixed to a board 4 with solder 3 as shown in FIG. When the frequency of the small antenna 15 is measured before mounting, if it is fixed to the board 4 with the solder 3, a destructive inspection is performed. If a frequency defect occurs, the board 4 also needs to be discarded. There is an economic disadvantage. Therefore, the small antenna 15 is mounted on the board 4 without being fixed by the solder 3 and the frequency is measured as it is, or the small antenna 15 is mounted on the board 4 by pressing the small antenna 15 from above or sucking it from below. 4 and the frequency is measured.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when a rectangular parallelepiped base 13 having no step is used, the projections 23 are formed simultaneously with the formation of the sagging 18 for printing using a screen having a pattern larger than the pattern of the conductor 2 as shown in FIG. Would. This is considered to be caused by the fact that the conductor paste is accumulated on the portion of the screen which is larger than the conductor 2 pattern because a screen having a pattern larger than the conductor 2 pattern is used.
[0007]
Here, when measuring the frequency of the small antenna 15 on which the projections 23 are formed, when the measurement is performed by fixing the antennas on the board 4 using the solder 3, as shown in FIG. Also, no problem occurs because the solder 3 fills the space between the conductor 2 and the board 4. However, when measurement is performed without using the solder 3, as shown in FIG. There is a first problem that there is a space between them, and a frequency shift occurs in a case where measurement is performed by fixing using the solder 3. When the frequency shift occurs, the frequency cannot be measured without using the solder 3, and the frequency inspection becomes a destructive inspection.
[0008]
This is considered to be due to the presence of air, which is a dielectric, in place of the solder, which is the conductor 2, in the space between the board 4 and the conductor 2, which is generated by the projections 23.
[0009]
When the rectangular parallelepiped base 13 is used, the bases 13 may collide with each other or collide with a jig used in the manufacturing process during the manufacturing process of the rectangular parallelepiped base 13 or the process of forming the conductor 2. There is a problem that chipping occurs. If chipping occurs, the appearance becomes poor, and if chipping occurs in the conductor 2, disconnection failure occurs and the antenna does not function as an antenna.
[0010]
In order to avoid this problem, as a method of preventing chipping of the ceramic, there is generally a method of providing a C surface or a step on the outer peripheral portion. FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view schematically showing a conventional small antenna in the case where a step 21 is formed at a corner of a base 13 when molding is performed using a mold by powder press molding.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 7, it is used that a step portion 21 including an inclined portion 19 and a flat portion 20 is provided at a corner portion of the base 3 to prevent the base 13 from being chipped. However, in the case of a small antenna, it is necessary to electrically connect the conductor 2 on the plane 8 and the conductor 2 on the plane 9, but when the step 21 is formed at the corner of the base 13 by a mold, the length of the flat g is required to be 0.08 mm or more due to the problem of mold strength, and the size of the conductor 2 is 22 or more, which may cause electrical disconnection, resulting in disconnection failure and failure to function as an antenna. was there.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The small antenna according to the present invention is made of dielectric ceramics, has conductors formed on at least two adjacent planes of a rectangular parallelepiped base, and has an inclined portion and a length of 0 at corners of the two planes on which the conductors are formed. It is characterized in that a step portion consisting of a flat portion of 0.08 mm or less is formed, and at least a boundary portion between the flat portion and a plane continuous with the flat portion has a curved surface with a curvature radius R of 0.03 to 0.2 mm.
[0013]
Further, the depth of the step is 0.15 mm or less.
[0014]
Further, the angle of the inclined portion is 100 to 160 °.
[0015]
Further, the difference between the thickness of the conductor formed on the step and the thickness of the conductor formed on the plane is 0.02 mm or less.
[0016]
Furthermore, the conductor is characterized in that the defective portion of the conductor formed in the step portion is 50% or less with respect to the width of the conductor.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the small antenna of the present invention, FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, and FIG. 2B is a portion showing a main part of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 (a) and 2 (b), a small antenna 14 of the present invention is made of dielectric ceramics and has a conductor 2 formed over at least two adjacent planes of a rectangular parallelepiped base 1. Then, a power supply terminal for applying a voltage to one end thereof is connected by solder 3.
[0020]
The base 1 is made of Ba-Nd-Ca-Ti based dielectric ceramics (relative dielectric constant of 80 to 120), Nd-Al-Ca-Ti based dielectric ceramics (relative dielectric constant of 43 to 46), La-Al- Sr-Ti based dielectric ceramics (relative permittivity 38 to 41), Ba-Ti based dielectric ceramics (relative permittivity 34 to 36), Ba-Mg-W based dielectric ceramics (relative permittivity 20 to 22), It is composed of Mg-Ca-Ti dielectric ceramics (relative permittivity 19 to 21), alumina ceramics (relative permittivity 9 to 10), cordierite ceramics (relative permittivity 4 to 6), and the like. It is obtained by molding by press molding or the like and firing it.
[0021]
The conductor 2 formed on the surface of the base 1 is made of a conductive material such as Ag, Ag-Pd, or Ag-Pt. It is formed into various patterns by baking at a predetermined temperature by screen printing using a screen having a size larger than the size. Screen printing is performed on each plane in order, and as a method of electrically connecting the conductors 2 printed on adjacent planes, dripping occurs on the next surface by using a screen having a pattern larger than the pattern of the conductors 2. And can be electrically connected.
[0022]
Here, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a stepped portion comprising an inclined portion 6 and a flat portion 5 having a length a of 0.08 mm or less is provided at a corner of two planes 8 and 9 on which the conductor 2 is formed. It is important that at least a boundary portion 7 between the flat portion 5 and the flat surface 9 continuous with the flat portion 5 be formed into a curved surface having a curvature radius R of 0.03 to 0.2 mm.
[0023]
By forming the step portion 12 composed of the inclined portion 6 and the flat portion 5 at the corners of the two planes, the bases 1 may collide with each other during the manufacturing process of the base 1 or the process of forming the conductor 2. Even if it collides with a jig or the like used in the process, generation of chipping can be prevented, and disconnection of the conductor 2 can be prevented. By setting the length a of the flat portion 5 to 0.08 mm or less, the sag 17 of the conductor 2 printed on the flat surface 9 continuous with the flat portion 5 and the conductor 2 printed on the flat surface 8 continuous with the inclined portion 6 are formed. The drop 16 is sufficiently connected to prevent electrical disconnection.
[0024]
When the conductor 7 is printed on the flat surface 9 continuous with the flat portion 5 by forming the boundary portion 7 into a curved surface having a radius of curvature R of 0.03 to 0.2 mm, the screen has a curved surface shape of the boundary portion 7. Can be formed to have a constant thickness, and the size of the sag 17 can be increased, so that a disconnection failure does not occur.
[0025]
When the radius of curvature R is less than 0.03 mm, the protrusion 23 as shown in FIG. 6 becomes large, and the small antenna 14 is fixed to the board 4 using the solder 3 and the frequency is measured. The frequency shift when the device 3 is fixed to the board 4 without using the device 3 becomes large, and the frequency measurement becomes difficult. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 0.2 mm, as will be described in detail later, the time for barrel polishing performed when the boundary portion 7 is formed into a curved surface becomes longer, which is economically disadvantageous.
[0026]
Further, if the radius of curvature R is more preferably set to 0.03 to 0.05 mm, the occurrence rate of disconnection failure and frequency shift becomes small, and the barrel polishing time becomes about 5 hours, which is economically advantageous.
[0027]
The depth b of the step portion 12, which is a distance from the flat portion 5 to the plane 8 continuous with the inclined portion 6, is preferably 0.15 mm or less, and as shown in FIG. When the conductor 2 is printed on the flat surface 8 continuous with 6, the screen 16 comes into close contact with the inclined portion 6, so that the sag 16 reaches the flat portion 5 and is sufficiently connected to the conductor 2 formed on the flat portion 5. Electrical disconnection can be prevented.
[0028]
Further, it is preferable that the angle h of the inclined portion 6 is 100 to 160 °, and when the conductor 2 is printed on the plane 8 in the same manner as described above, the conductor 16 adheres along the inclined portion 6 so that the sag 16 becomes flat. Thus, the conductor 2 is sufficiently connected to the conductor 2 formed on the flat portion 5 to prevent electrical disconnection. If the angle h exceeds 160 °, the inclined portion 6 becomes nearly horizontal, the effect of preventing chipping by the step portion 12 becomes small, and chipping defects increase, leading to an increase in disconnection defects. Further, the angle h of the inclined portion 6 is more preferably 120 to 140 °, and the conductor 16 can reliably generate the sag 16.
[0029]
As described above, the small antenna in which the step 12 having the curved boundary 7 is formed on the base 1 has a maximum thickness t1 of the conductor 2 formed on the step 12 and a flat surface as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the difference from the maximum thickness t2 of the conductor 2 formed at 0.02 mm or less is 0.02 mm or less.
[0030]
If the difference in the thickness is 0.02 mm or less, even if a portion having a large thickness occurs in the conductor 2 of the step portion 12, the space generated between the board 4 and the conductor 2 when measuring the frequency is reduced. The frequency measured when the base 1 on which the conductor 2 was formed by the solder 3 was fixed to the board 4 and the frequency when the frequency was measured on the base 1 on which the conductor 2 was formed without using the solder 3 were measured. A high-accuracy frequency measurement can be performed without any deviation.
[0031]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), the defective portion 2a of the conductor 2 formed in the step portion 12 can be made 50% or less with respect to the width c of the conductor 2, and the variation in frequency is reduced, and the yield is reduced. No drop occurs. This is because the electric resistance changes and the frequency changes when the width of the conductor 2 is reduced due to the occurrence of the defective portion 2a of the conductor 2.
[0032]
The thickness of the conductor 2 can be measured using a surface roughness meter. After measuring the cross-sectional shapes of the base 1 and the conductor 2, the maximum thickness of the conductor 2 formed on the step 12 of the base 1 is set to t1. , The maximum thickness of the conductor 2 with respect to the plane was defined as t2.
[0033]
The width c of the conductor 2 and the dimension of the defective portion 2a are measured by a projector, and the ratio of the defective portion 2a when the width c of the conductor 2 is set to 100% is calculated.
[0034]
In order to obtain the substrate 1 having the flat portion 5, the inclined portion 6, and the curved boundary portion 7 as described above, first, dielectric ceramics are formed by powder press molding using a mold, and are fired. However, by forming the upper punch and the lower punch of the mold in the shape of the step 12, the step 12 can be formed at the corner of the molded body during press molding. However, in the above-mentioned mold, the shape of the boundary 7 cannot be rounded due to the problem of mold strength, so that the baked substrate 1 is subjected to barrel polishing so that the boundary 7 between the flat portion 5 and the plane is curved. Shape. This barrel polishing differs depending on the size and material of the base 1, but the boundary 7 is formed by adding about 30% by volume of the base 1 and 50 to 70% by volume of water and rotating the barrel for about 6 hours. The length a of the flat portion 5 can be set to 0.08 mm or less.
[0035]
Here, the small antenna according to the present invention has a base body 1 having a volume of about 500 mm 3 or less, is surface-mounted on a board 4 by solder 3, and is used by being built in a small communication device such as a mobile phone. Things.
[0036]
In the above embodiment, the steps 12 formed at the corners of the planes 8 and 9 have been described. However, the steps 12 are formed at all the corners where the conductor 2 is formed.
[0037]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, only the boundary portion 7 is formed into a curved surface by barrel polishing, but the boundary between the flat portion 5 and the inclined portion 6 and the boundary between the inclined portion 6 and the flat surface 8 may form a curved surface shape. .
[0038]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.
[0039]
A small antenna 14 as shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured.
[0040]
First, a rectangular parallelepiped base 1 having an outer dimension x10 mm, an outer dimension y4 mm, and a thickness z4 mm was prepared using alumina ceramics (relative permittivity: 9 to 10). The length a of the flat portion 5 of the step portion 12, the depth b of the step portion, the radius of curvature R of the boundary portion 7, and the angle h of the inclined portion 6 are changed by changing the mold size and barrel polishing time. The ones changed as shown in Table 1 were produced.
[0041]
Then, a thick film of Ag was printed on each of the four planes of the base 1, dried in the air at a predetermined temperature, and baked to form a conductor 2 having a thickness of 0.02 mm. Here, the dimensions of the conductor 2 were determined such that the frequency became 1.575 GHz.
[0042]
The thickness and resonance frequency of the plane 10 and the boundary 7 of the conductor 2 installed on the board 4 and the width of the conductor 2 at the boundary 7 and the dimensions of the deficient part are measured using the obtained 1000 small antennas 14 each. did.
[0043]
After measuring the cross-sectional shapes of the base 1 and the conductor 2 using a surface roughness meter, the maximum thickness of the conductor 2 formed on the step 12 of the base 1 is determined by the thickness t1 and the thickness of the base 1. The difference was determined by setting the maximum value of the thickness of the conductor 2 formed on the plane as the thickness t2.
[0044]
The width c of the conductor 2 and the dimensions of the defective portion 2a were measured by a projector, and the ratio of the defective portion 2a when the width c of the conductor 2 was set to 100% was calculated.
[0045]
Further, the frequency is measured by installing a small antenna 14 on the board 4 provided with electrodes for measurement without using the solder 3 and connecting the antenna to a network analyzer through a coaxial cable to measure the frequency. It was confirmed under a microscope to confirm the presence or absence of disconnection. Thereafter, the solder 3 was fixed to the board 4 using the solder 3 and the frequency was measured in the same manner. The maximum value of the difference between the frequency when the solder 3 was used and the frequency when the solder 3 was not used was defined as the frequency shift amount. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the frequency measured without using the solder 3 was defined as the frequency variation.
[0046]
The chip was also checked with a microscope, and a chip of 0.5 mm or more was judged to be defective.
[0047]
The thickness measurement of the conductor 2, the ratio of the defective portion 2 a of the conductor 2, and the measurement of the frequency using the solder 3 were each 20 pieces.
[0048]
Table 1 shows the results.
[0049]
In addition, * mark in Table 1 is out of the range of the present invention.
[0050]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004297374
[0051]
From Table 1, in the step portion 12 of the base 1, the length a of the flat portion 5 is 0.08 mm or less, and the radius of curvature R of the boundary portion 7 is 0.03 mm or more (Nos. 5 to 10, 13 to 16). Means that the difference in conductor thickness is 0.013 mm or less, the ratio of defective portions of the conductor is 68% or less, the variation in frequency is 16 MHz or less, the deviation of the measured frequency value is 0.7 MHz or less, and the chipping defect rate is 3. The disconnection defect rate was 2% or less, and the disconnection failure rate was 4.7% or less.
[0052]
In particular, the depth a of the step portion 12 is 0.15 mm or less, and the angle h of the inclined portion 6 is 100 to 160 °.
In the samples (Nos. 6 to 10 and 13 to 15), the difference in the thickness of the conductor was 0.013 mm or less, the ratio of the defective portion of the conductor was 23% or less, the variation in the frequency was 7 MHz or less, and the deviation of the measured value of the frequency. The amount was 0.7 MHz or less, the chipping defect rate was 0.2% or less, and the disconnection defect rate was 3.3% or less, which were very excellent values.
[0053]
However, if the radius of curvature R of the boundary portion 7 is larger than 0.2 mm, the barrel time is required to be 16 hours or more, which is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, the dimension c is preferably R 0.03 to 0.2 mm.
[0054]
On the other hand, the sample having no step (No. 1), the sample having the step but the boundary portion was not curved (Nos. 2 to 4), and the radius of curvature of the boundary portion of the step was 0. In the samples (Nos. 11 and 12) having a thickness of less than 0.3 and exceeding 0.2 mm, the difference in conductor thickness was 0.026 mm, the proportion of defective portions in the conductor was 73%, the variation in frequency was 18 MHz or less, and the measured frequency was The deviation amount is 5.1 MHz or less, the chipping failure rate is 18% or less, and the disconnection failure rate is a very large value of 35.2% or less. It can be seen that the conductor is disconnected at the stepped portion and accurate frequency cannot be measured.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
According to the small antenna of the present invention, the inclined portion and the step portion consisting of the flat portion having a length of 0.08 mm or less are formed at the corners of the two planes on which the base conductor is formed, and at least the flat portion and the continuous Since the boundary with the plane to be formed has a curved surface with a radius of curvature R of 0.03 to 0.2 mm, conductors can be reliably connected at the corners, and the chip failure rate, disconnection failure rate, and frequency variation can be reduced. .
[0056]
Further, since the depth of the step portion is 0.15 mm or less, the conductor can be more reliably connected at the corner portion, and the chip failure rate, disconnection failure rate, and frequency variation can be reduced.
[0057]
Further, since the angle of the inclined portion is 100 to 160 °, the conductor formed on the plane continuous with the inclined portion is formed with high adhesion to the end of the inclined portion, and the chip defect rate, disconnection defect rate, frequency Both variations can be reduced.
[0058]
Furthermore, since the difference between the thickness of the conductor formed on the step portion and the thickness of the conductor formed on the flat surface is 0.02 mm or less and the defective portion of the conductor is 50% or less with respect to the width of the conductor, the size is small. A high-accuracy frequency measurement can be performed without causing a difference between the frequency measured by fixing the antenna to the board and the frequency measured by disposing the antenna on the board without using solder.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a small antenna of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of FIG.
3A is an enlarged sectional view showing a small antenna of the present invention, FIG. 3B is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a main part, and FIG. 3C is a top view of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a conventional small antenna.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a conventional small antenna.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view showing a conventional small antenna.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view showing a conventional small antenna.
FIG. 8A is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a connection state to a board when soldering of a conventional small antenna is used, and FIG. 8B is a connection state to a board when soldering is not used. It is the enlarged sectional view shown.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Base 2: Conductor 2a: Defect 3: Solder 4: Board 5: Flat 6: Incline 7: Boundary 8: Plane 9: Plane 10: Plane 11: Plane 12: Step 13: Base 14: Small size Antenna 15: Small antenna 16: Sagging 17: Sagging 18: Sagging 19: Slope 20: Flat portion 21: Step portion 22: Sagging 23: Projection 24: Maximum thickness position a: Length of flat portion b: Depth of step portion c: conductor width t1: conductor thickness of the step portion t2: conductor thickness of a plane

Claims (5)

誘電体セラミックスからなり、直方体状の基体の少なくとも2つの隣り合う平面にわたって導体を形成してなる小型アンテナであって、上記導体を形成した2つの平面の角部に傾斜部および長さ0.08mm以下の平坦部からなる段部を形成するとともに、少なくとも上記平坦部とこれに連続する平面との境界部が曲率半径R0.03〜0.2mmの曲面状としたことを特徴とする小型アンテナ。What is claimed is: 1. A small antenna made of dielectric ceramics and having a conductor formed on at least two adjacent planes of a rectangular parallelepiped base, wherein an inclined portion and a length of 0.08 mm are formed at corners of the two planes on which the conductor is formed. A small antenna comprising: a step portion formed of the following flat portion; and at least a boundary portion between the flat portion and a plane continuous with the flat portion has a curved surface with a curvature radius R of 0.03 to 0.2 mm. 上記段部の深さが0.15mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の小型アンテナ。The small antenna according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the step is 0.15 mm or less. 上記傾斜部の角度が100〜160°であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の小型アンテナ。The small antenna according to claim 1, wherein an angle of the inclined portion is 100 to 160 °. 上記段部に形成された導体の厚みと平面に形成された導体の厚みの差が0.02mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の小型アンテナ。4. The small antenna according to claim 1, wherein a difference between a thickness of the conductor formed on the step portion and a thickness of the conductor formed on the plane is 0.02 mm or less. 上記段部に形成された導体の欠損部が導体の幅に対して50%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の小型アンテナ。The small antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a defective portion of the conductor formed in the step portion is 50% or less of a width of the conductor.
JP2003085948A 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Small antenna Expired - Fee Related JP3744914B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003085948A JP3744914B2 (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Small antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003085948A JP3744914B2 (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Small antenna

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004297374A true JP2004297374A (en) 2004-10-21
JP3744914B2 JP3744914B2 (en) 2006-02-15

Family

ID=33400731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003085948A Expired - Fee Related JP3744914B2 (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Small antenna

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3744914B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7864115B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2011-01-04 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7864115B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2011-01-04 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip
US8120538B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2012-02-21 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip
US8310399B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2012-11-13 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip
US8618987B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2013-12-31 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip
US9318800B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2016-04-19 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip
US9767406B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2017-09-19 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip
US10396447B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2019-08-27 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless chip

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3744914B2 (en) 2006-02-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6323824B1 (en) Dielectric resonator antenna
US20030174091A1 (en) Method of manufacturing antennas using micro-insert-molding techniques
EP1231669A1 (en) Antenna apparatus
CN100424928C (en) Small antennas, surface mount antennas, antenna devices and wireless communication devices
US7417196B2 (en) Multilayer board with built-in chip-type electronic component and manufacturing method thereof
JP4189274B2 (en) Antenna device
KR100702088B1 (en) Antenna device and antenna device assembly
JP3744914B2 (en) Small antenna
JPH10144504A (en) Chip type thermistor and manufacturing method thereof
JP3808318B2 (en) Wirewound chip inductor
JPH1168261A (en) Wiring board
JP2003174311A (en) Manufacturing method of chip antenna
JP2000216026A (en) Chip type inductor array and method of manufacturing the same
JP2001035751A (en) Electronic component
US7382325B1 (en) Micro stacked type chip antenna
JP2003152416A (en) Manufacturing method of chip antenna
JP2001168624A (en) Antenna device and method of manufacturing antenna device
JP2002190703A (en) Chip antenna and its characteristic adjustment method
JP2002299782A (en) Circuit board
JP2000165127A (en) Thin planar antenna
JP2003188337A (en) High frequency module
JP2000082606A (en) Chip type thermistor and manufacturing method thereof
JPH10125820A (en) Ceramic circuit board and method of manufacturing the same
JP2000312109A (en) Antenna device and antenna device assembly
JP2005094653A (en) Method for adjusting frequency of small antenna and small antenna obtained thereby

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20051020

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20051108

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20051115

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091202

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101202

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101202

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111202

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111202

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121202

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131202

Year of fee payment: 8

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees