JP2004294800A - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide substantially the same display characteristics both in reflective display by a reflective portion of a plurality of pixels of a liquid crystal element and in transmissive display by a transmissive portion of the plurality of pixels. In addition, reflection / transmission that can eliminate display bubbles such as light leakage by eliminating bubbles from remaining in the liquid crystal element when liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal element, and can also facilitate driving of the liquid crystal element. A liquid crystal device is provided.
A front polarizer (12) and a rear polarizer (13) are arranged with a liquid crystal element (1) in which a reflective part (A1) and a transmissive part (A2) are formed in a plurality of pixels (A) interposed therebetween. And the liquid crystal layer 11 of the liquid crystal element 1 is formed to have the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels A. If the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 11 is different between the reflection part A1 and the transmission part A2, Thus, the retardation of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 in the reflection part A1 and the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 in one direction of the transmission part A2 were made equal.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a reflection / transmission type liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of pixels of a liquid crystal element are provided with a reflection portion for reflection display and a transmission portion for transmission display, respectively.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a reflective / transmissive liquid crystal display device that performs both a reflective display using external light that is light of an external environment and a transmissive display that uses illumination light from a light source arranged on the rear side, a plurality of liquid crystal display devices are provided. A pixel is provided with a liquid crystal element in which a reflective portion for reflective display and a transmissive portion for transmissive display are formed, and a front polarizer and a rear polarizer are disposed on the front and rear sides of the liquid crystal element, respectively. In some cases, a light source that emits illumination light toward the liquid crystal element is disposed behind the rear polarizing plate.
[0003]
In a liquid crystal element of a reflection / transmission type liquid crystal display device of this kind, a plurality of pixels are formed by mutually facing regions on a front substrate which is a display observation side and inner surfaces of a rear substrate which faces the front substrate. Are provided, on the inner surface of the rear substrate, reflection films respectively corresponding to predetermined regions in the plurality of pixels are provided, and a liquid crystal layer is provided between the front substrate and the rear substrate, A reflection portion that reflects light incident from the front side by a region corresponding to the reflection film of a plurality of pixels and emits the light to the front side by the reflection film is formed, and light incident from the rear side by another region of the plurality of pixels. And a transmission portion for transmitting the light to the front side is formed.
[0004]
The reflection / transmission type liquid crystal display device performs reflection display by the reflection portions of a plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element and performs transmission display by the transmission portions of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element. Of the reflected light incident on the display observation side and transmitted through the liquid crystal layer of the reflection part of the pre-polarizing plate and the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element, reflected by the reflective film, and emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element The light transmitted through the front polarizing plate is emitted to the observation side for display.
[0005]
In the case of transmissive display, of the light emitted from the light source, transmitted through the rear polarizer and the liquid crystal layer of the transmission section of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element, and emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element, The light transmitted through the plate is emitted to the observation side and displayed.
[0006]
However, in this reflective / transmissive liquid crystal display device, in the case of reflective display, light incident from the observation side reciprocates through the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal element and is emitted to the observation side, and in the case of transmissive display, the light from the light source is emitted. Since the emitted light passes through the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal element only once in one direction and exits to the observation side, display characteristics are greatly different between the reflective display and the transmissive display.
[0007]
Therefore, conventionally, the gap adjustment for making the gap between the reflective portions and the transmissive portions of the plurality of pixels (the gap between the surfaces in contact with the liquid crystal layers of the front and rear substrates) different on the inner surface of one of the substrates of the liquid crystal element. By providing a layer, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the reflective portion is reduced to, for example, about の of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the transmissive portion, and the retardation for light transmitted and reciprocated through the liquid crystal layer of the reflective portion; A reflection called a multi-gap method, in which the retardation for light transmitted in one direction through the liquid crystal layer of the portion is substantially equal, so that a display having substantially the same characteristics can be obtained in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. / Transmissive liquid crystal display devices have been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-207227
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the multi-gap type reflection / transmission type liquid crystal display device, a gap adjusting layer must be provided on the inner surface of one of the substrates of the liquid crystal element so as to make the gap between the reflection portion and the transmission portion of the plurality of pixels different. Therefore, manufacturing of the liquid crystal element becomes difficult.
[0010]
In addition, the reflective / transmissive liquid crystal display device of the multi-gap type has a gap adjusting function between a portion corresponding to a reflective portion and a portion corresponding to a transmissive portion of a plurality of pixels on the inner surface of one substrate of the liquid crystal element. Since there is a large step corresponding to the film thickness of the layer, the inflow of the liquid crystal when injecting the liquid crystal into the liquid crystal element is prevented by the step, and bubbles remain in the step, and the light is transmitted through the reflective portion of the pixel and the pixel. This causes a display defect such as light leakage at the boundary with the portion.
[0011]
Furthermore, in this multi-gap type reflection / transmission type liquid crystal display device, since the distance between the electrodes of the substrate before and after the liquid crystal element is greatly different between the reflection portion and the transmission portion, the driving voltage applied between the electrodes is It is necessary to make the display different between the reflective display and the transmissive display, so that the driving of the liquid crystal element becomes complicated.
[0012]
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a display having substantially the same characteristics both in the reflective display by the reflective portions of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element and in the transmissive display by the transmissive portions of the plurality of pixels. In addition to the reflection, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of display defects such as light leakage by eliminating bubbles from remaining in the liquid crystal element when the liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal element, and also to facilitate the driving of the liquid crystal element. It is an object of the present invention to provide a transmission type liquid crystal display device.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is provided with an electrode for forming a plurality of pixels by regions facing each other on inner surfaces of a front substrate which is a display observation side and a rear substrate facing the front substrate. On the inner surface of the substrate, reflection films respectively corresponding to predetermined regions in the plurality of pixels are provided, and between the front substrate and the rear substrate, have substantially the same layer thickness over the entire region of the plurality of pixels. A liquid crystal layer is formed, in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in different alignment states from each other in a region corresponding to the reflective film of the plurality of pixels and another region, and a region corresponding to the reflective film of the plurality of pixels is provided. Forming a reflecting portion that reflects light incident from the front side by the reflective film and emits the light to the front side, and forms a transmitting portion that transmits light incident from the rear side and emits the light to the front side through other regions of the plurality of pixels. And A liquid crystal element, a front polarizer and a rear polarizer respectively disposed on the front side and the rear side of the liquid crystal element with the liquid crystal element interposed therebetween, and an illumination light disposed on the rear side of the rear polarizer and directed toward the liquid crystal element. And a light source that emits light.
[0014]
This liquid crystal display device performs reflective display using reflective portions of a plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element, and performs transmissive display using transmissive portions of a plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element. Of the reflected light that is incident from the side and transmitted through the liquid crystal layer of the reflection part of the pre-polarization plate and the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element by the reflective film, and the reflected light emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element includes the pre-polarized light. The light transmitted through the plate is emitted to the observation side and displayed.
[0015]
In the case of transmissive display, of the light emitted from the light source, transmitted through the rear polarizer and the liquid crystal layer of the transmission section of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element, and emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element, The light transmitted through the plate is emitted to the observation side and displayed.
[0016]
In this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal element is formed to have substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules is determined by the reflection part and the transmission part of the plurality of pixels. The liquid crystal device is configured such that the retardation for light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer of the reflective portion and the retardation for light transmitted in one direction through the liquid crystal layer of the transparent portion are substantially equal to each other. The display having substantially the same characteristics can be obtained both in the reflective display by the reflective portions of the plurality of pixels and in the transmissive display by the transmissive portions of the plurality of pixels.
[0017]
Moreover, according to this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal element is formed to have substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels. A substantially flat surface may be provided over the entire area of the pixel, thus facilitating the manufacture of the liquid crystal element and eliminating bubbles such as light leakage by injecting liquid crystal into the liquid crystal element. It is possible to prevent occurrence of display defects and to facilitate driving of the liquid crystal element.
[0018]
As described above, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention arranges the front polarizer and the rear polarizer on the front side and the rear side, respectively, with the liquid crystal element in which the reflection part and the transmission part are formed in a plurality of pixels interposed therebetween, respectively. A light source is arranged on the rear side of the post-polarization plate, and a liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal element is formed to have substantially the same thickness over the entire area of a plurality of pixels. By making the reflective part and the transmissive part of the pixel different from each other, the display having substantially the same characteristics can be performed even when the reflective display is performed by the reflective part of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element and when the transmissive display is performed by the transmissive part of the plurality of pixels. So that the production of the liquid crystal element is facilitated, and the occurrence of display defects such as light leakage is prevented by eliminating bubbles from remaining in the element when injecting liquid crystal into the liquid crystal element, and Driving the liquid crystal element In which it was easy.
[0019]
In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a 4 / λ retardation plate for providing a 1/4 wavelength phase difference between the ordinary light and the extraordinary light is disposed between the liquid crystal element and the front and rear polarizing plates. It is desirable to have a configuration.
[0020]
Further, in this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules in the reflective portions of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element are aligned in an alignment state in which the twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the front and rear substrates is in a range of 60 to 70 degrees. Liquid crystal molecules in the transmissive portion of the pixel are aligned in a state where the twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the substrates is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees, and the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal element and the liquid crystal layer thickness d Is preferably set in the range of 250 nm to 270 nm.
[0021]
As described above, the liquid crystal molecules in the reflection portions of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element are aligned at a twist angle of 60 to 70 degrees, and the liquid crystal molecules in the transmission portions of the plurality of pixels are aligned at a twist angle of 0 to 10 degrees. Among the substrates before and after the liquid crystal element, an inner surface of one substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment for aligning liquid crystal molecules in one direction over the entire arrangement region of the plurality of pixels, and an inner surface of the other substrate is It is preferable to perform an alignment process for aligning the liquid crystal molecules in a direction shifted from the alignment process direction on the inner surface of the one substrate by 60 to 70 degrees except for the transmission portions of the plurality of pixels.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1 to 5 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a part of a liquid crystal display device.
[0023]
In this liquid crystal display device, as shown in FIG. 1, a liquid crystal element 1 in which a plurality of pixels A are provided with a reflection part A1 for reflection display and a transmission part A2 for transmission display, respectively, is provided. A front polarizer 12 and a rear polarizer 13 respectively disposed on the front side and the rear side thereof; and retardation plates 14 and 15 disposed between the liquid crystal element 1 and the front and rear polarizers 12 and 13, respectively. A diffusion layer 16 provided between the liquid crystal element 1 and the front retardation plate 14; and a light source 17 disposed behind the rear polarizer 13 and emitting illumination light toward the liquid crystal element. It has.
[0024]
The liquid crystal element 1 is a transparent substrate in which a plurality of pixels A are formed by areas facing each other on inner surfaces of a front transparent substrate 2 which is a display observation side and a rear transparent substrate 3 which faces the front substrate 2. Electrodes 4 and 5 are provided, and reflective films 7 corresponding to predetermined regions in the plurality of pixels A are provided on the inner surface of the rear substrate 3, between the front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3. A liquid crystal layer formed with substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels A, in which liquid crystal molecules 11a are aligned in different alignment states in a region corresponding to the reflective film 7 of the plurality of pixels A and another region. And a reflection portion A1 that reflects light incident from the front side by the reflection film 7 and emits the light to the front side by a region corresponding to the reflection film 7 of the plurality of pixels A. More behind the other area It has a configuration forming the transmissive portion A2 emitted to the front side by transmitting light et incident.
[0025]
The liquid crystal element 1 is, for example, an active matrix liquid crystal element using a TFT (thin film transistor) as an active element. An electrode 4 provided on the inner surface of the front substrate 2 is a single-layered counter electrode, and provided on an inner surface of the rear substrate 3. The electrodes 5 are a plurality of pixel electrodes formed in a matrix in the row and column directions.
[0026]
A plurality of TFTs 6 are provided on the inner surface of the rear substrate 3 so as to correspond to the plurality of pixel electrodes 5, respectively. A plurality of gate lines for supplying a gate signal to the TFTs 6 in each row, and a plurality of TFTs 6 in each column are provided. A plurality of data lines (all not shown) for supplying data signals are provided.
[0027]
Although FIG. 1 shows the TFT 6 in a simplified manner, the TFT 6 is formed on a gate electrode formed on the substrate surface of the rear substrate 3 and over substantially the entire substrate 3 so as to cover the gate electrode. A gate insulating film, an i-type semiconductor film formed on the gate insulating film so as to face the gate electrode, and an n-type semiconductor film on both sides of the i-type semiconductor film. It consists of a source electrode and a drain electrode.
[0028]
Of the gate wiring and data wiring (not shown), the gate wiring is formed integrally with the gate electrode of the TFT 6 on the substrate surface of the rear substrate 3 and is covered with the gate insulating film. It is formed on a gate insulating film and is connected to the drain electrode of the TFT 6.
[0029]
The plurality of pixel electrodes 5 are formed on the gate insulating film (not shown), and a source electrode of a TFT 6 corresponding to the pixel electrode 5 is connected to each of the pixel electrodes 5.
[0030]
The reflection film 7 provided on the inner surface of the rear substrate 3 so as to partially correspond to the plurality of pixels A is a high-reflection mirror reflection film made of an aluminum alloy or the like. Are formed on the gate insulating film, and the plurality of pixel electrodes 5 are formed by partially overlapping the reflective film 7 directly.
[0031]
In this embodiment, the reflective film 7 is provided so as to correspond to a substantially half area of the plurality of pixels A, and a substantially half area of the plurality of pixels A is used as a reflection part A1, and the other substantially half area is provided. The region is defined as a transmission part A2.
[0032]
In addition, the liquid crystal element 1 includes a plurality of color filters 8R, 8G, 8B of three colors, for example, red, green, and blue, corresponding to the plurality of pixels A, respectively, and these color filters 8R, 8G are provided. , 8B are formed on the inner surface of the front substrate 2 to have substantially the same thickness, and the counter electrode 4 is formed thereon.
[0033]
Further, on the inner surfaces of the front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3, alignment films 9, 10 made of a horizontal alignment material such as soluble polyimide or polyamic acid are provided on the electrodes 4, 5, respectively, over the entire arrangement region of the plurality of pixels A. The inner surface of one substrate, for example, the front substrate 2 is subjected to an alignment process for aligning the liquid crystal molecules 11a in one direction over the entire arrangement region of the plurality of pixels A, and the other is processed. On the inner surface of the rear substrate 3, the liquid crystal molecules 11a are aligned in a direction shifted by 60 to 70 degrees with respect to the alignment processing direction of the inner surface of the front substrate 2 except for the transmission parts A2 of the plurality of pixels A. Processing has been applied.
[0034]
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the orientation treatment method for the front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3. In these figures, the electrodes 4, 5 and TFTs formed on the inner surfaces of the substrates 2, 3 are omitted for convenience. The thickness of the alignment films 9 and 10 is exaggerated.
[0035]
The orientation treatment method of the front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3 will be described. The orientation treatment of the front substrate 2 is performed by a normal orientation treatment method, that is, by applying a horizontal orientation material on the substrate 2 as shown in FIG. The alignment film 9 is formed, and the film surface of the alignment film 9 is rubbed in one direction by a rubbing roller 18.
[0036]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the alignment treatment of the rear substrate 3 is performed by applying a horizontal alignment material on the substrate 3 to form an alignment film 10 and then transmitting the plurality of pixels A on the alignment film 10 to the transparent portions. The portions corresponding to A2 are masked by a resist mask 19, and the film surface of the alignment film 10 is rubbed by a rubbing roller 18 in a direction shifted by 60 to 70 degrees with respect to the alignment processing direction of the inner surface of the front substrate 2, Thereafter, the resist mask 19 is peeled off.
[0037]
The post-substrate 3 orientation treatment method is a method in which a process of forming the resist mask 19 and a mask stripping process after rubbing are added to a normal orientation treatment method (the orientation treatment method of the front substrate 2). 19 can be easily formed by applying a photoresist, exposing and developing, and can be easily peeled off by a solvent after rubbing, so that the orientation treatment of the substrate 3 can be easily performed thereafter. .
[0038]
In addition, the orientation treatment of one or both of the front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3 is not limited to the above-described method. For example, a photo-alignment material represented by polyvinyl cinnamate or the like is applied on the substrate, and the alignment film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. May be performed by a method of giving orientation.
[0039]
In the case where the rear substrate 3 is subjected to the alignment treatment by this method, the alignment film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays through a photomask that shields the light corresponding to the transmission portion A2 of the plurality of pixels A from light. Since the alignment can be provided except for the transmission parts A2 of the plurality of pixels A, the formation of the resist mask 19 and the removal of the mask after rubbing in the case of the alignment processing by rubbing described above become unnecessary, and the alignment processing is further performed. Can be easier.
[0040]
The front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3 are joined via a frame-shaped sealing material (not shown) surrounding the arrangement region of the plurality of pixels A, and the liquid crystal layer 11 is disposed between the front and rear substrates 2 and 3. Is formed by injecting liquid crystal by a vacuum injection method from a liquid crystal injection port provided on one side of the seal material into a region surrounded by the seal material, and the liquid crystal injection port is sealed after the liquid crystal is injected. I have.
[0041]
As described above, the red, green, and blue color filters 8R, 8G, and 8 provided on the inner surface of the front substrate 2 in correspondence with the plurality of pixels A are formed to have substantially the same film thickness. The surface of the front substrate 2 in contact with the liquid crystal layer 11 (the film surface of the alignment film 9) is a substantially flat surface over the entire area of the plurality of pixels A.
[0042]
In addition, a portion of the pixel electrode 5 provided on the inner surface of the rear substrate 3 corresponding to the reflection portion A1 (a portion overlapping on the reflection film 7) and a portion corresponding to the transmission portion A2 are provided with the reflection film. 7, the step is extremely small. Therefore, the surface of the substrate 3 that contacts the liquid crystal layer 11 (the film surface of the alignment film 10) also substantially covers the entire area of the plurality of pixels A. It is a flat surface.
[0043]
In FIG. 1, the thickness of the reflection film 7 is exaggerated. However, the thickness of the reflection film 7 is about 0.2 to 0.3 μm, and thus corresponds to the reflection portion A1 of the pixel electrode 5. Since the step between the portion corresponding to the transparent portion A2 and the portion corresponding to the transmission portion A2 is a very small step that can be almost ignored, the surface of the rear substrate 3 in contact with the liquid crystal layer 11 substantially covers the entire area of the pixel A. It can be considered a flat surface.
[0044]
Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 11 provided between the front and rear substrates 2 and 3 has substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels A.
[0045]
The liquid crystal layer 11 is made of a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy to which either a left-handed or right-handed chiral agent is added, and the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the reflection part A1 of the plurality of pixels A are: The alignment film 9 of the front substrate 2 which is aligned in one direction over the entire arrangement region of the plurality of pixels A, and the alignment processing direction of the inner surface of the front substrate 2 except for the transmission portions A2 of the plurality of pixels A The alignment direction in the vicinity of each of the substrates 2 and 3 is defined by the alignment film 10 of the substrate 3 after the alignment processing is performed in a direction shifted by 60 to 70 degrees. The molecular arrangement is oriented in a twisted orientation with a twist angle in the range of 60 to 70 degrees in the swirling direction.
[0046]
On the other hand, the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the transmission portions A2 of the plurality of pixels A are aligned in the vicinity of the front substrate 2 by the alignment film 9 of the front substrate 2 which is unidirectionally aligned over the entire arrangement region of the plurality of pixels A. The direction is defined, and between the front and rear substrates 2 and 3, the molecular arrangement is twisted at a twist angle in the range of 0 to 10 degrees in the swirling direction of the chiral agent, into a non-twisted or twisted state with a very small twist angle. Oriented.
[0047]
Since the portion of the rear substrate 3 corresponding to the transmission portion A2 is not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 11a in the transmission portion A2 is almost determined by the orientation processing direction of the front substrate 2 and the order parameter of the liquid crystal. As determined, since the twist direction of the molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 11a is determined by the chiral agent, the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the transmission part A2 can also be aligned in a stable alignment state.
[0048]
In this embodiment, the value of the product Δnd of the liquid crystal layer thickness d and the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal of the reflective part A1 and the transmissive part A2 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1 is 250 nm to 270 nm. The retardation for the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 in the reflection part A1 is substantially equal to the retardation for the light transmitted in one direction through the liquid crystal layer 11 in the transmission part A2. .
[0049]
The twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules 11a in the transmission part A2 is determined by the chiral pitch of the liquid crystal and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer. For example, a low Δn liquid crystal having a value of Δn of 0.07 is used for the liquid crystal, and the value of Δnd is 270 nm. When the liquid crystal layer thickness d is about 3.9 μm and the chiral pitch of the liquid crystal is about 140 μm, the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the transmission part A2 are oriented at a twist angle of 10 degrees.
[0050]
Therefore, the chiral pitch of the liquid crystal is desirably about 140 μm or more. By increasing the chiral pitch of the liquid crystal in this manner, the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the transmission part A2 can be non-twisted or extremely twisted with a twist angle of 0 to 10 degrees. It can be oriented in a twist orientation state having a small twist angle.
[0051]
That is, the liquid crystal element 1 is provided with a reflective film 7 corresponding to a predetermined region in each of the plurality of pixels A on the inner surface of the substrate 3 thereafter, so that each of the plurality of pixels A has a reflective portion for reflective display. A1 and a transmissive portion A2 for transmissive display are formed, and between the front and rear substrates 2 and 3 are formed to have substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels A, and the liquid crystal molecules 11a are formed by the plurality of pixels. A, the reflection part A1 and the transmission part A2 are oriented in different orientations from each other, and the retardation for the light transmitted back and forth through the reflection part A1 and the retardation for the light transmitted in one direction through the transmission part A2 are substantially equal. This is provided with a liquid crystal layer 11 set to be substantially equal.
[0052]
On the other hand, the front polarizer 12 and the rear polarizer 13 disposed on the front side and the rear side, respectively, of the liquid crystal element 1 interpose one of the two linearly polarized light components of the incident light that are orthogonal to each other. This is an absorbing polarizer that absorbs a polarized light component and transmits the other polarized light component. The polarizing plates 12 and 13 are arranged with their transmission axes 12a and 13a substantially orthogonal to each other (FIG. 4). And FIG. 5).
[0053]
In addition, each of the phase difference plates 14 and 15 disposed between the liquid crystal element 1 and the front and rear polarizing plates 12 and 13 has a quarter wavelength between the ordinary light and the extraordinary light of the transmitted light. This is a 4 / λ retardation plate that gives a phase difference, and the front 4 / λ retardation plate 14 is arranged such that its slow axis 14 a is substantially 45 ° obliquely shifted with respect to the transmission axis of the front polarizing plate 12. The rear 4 / λ phase plate 15 has its slow axis 15 a with respect to the transmission axis of the rear polarizer 13, and the slow axis of the front 4 / λ phase plate 14 with respect to the transmission axis of the front polarizer 12. They are arranged so as to be substantially 45 ° obliquely shifted in the direction opposite to the phase axis shift direction (see FIGS. 4 and 5).
[0054]
Further, the light source 17 disposed on the rear side of the rear polarizing plate 13 is a planar light source (hereinafter, referred to as a planar light source) that emits illumination light having a uniform luminance distribution toward substantially the entire area of the liquid crystal element 1. 1, the surface light source 17 is formed in such a manner that at least one end surface of the transparent plate is formed on an incident end surface on which light enters, and one plate surface of the transparent plate is formed on an emission surface, The other plate surface is formed as a reflection surface that internally reflects light that has entered the transparent plate from the incident surface and emits the light from the emission surface, with the emission surface facing the rear surface of the rear polarizer 13. It comprises a light guide plate arranged and a light emitting element such as a light emitting diode or a cold cathode tube arranged opposite to the incident end face of the light guide plate.
[0055]
In this liquid crystal display device, reflection display using external light is performed by the reflection portions A1 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1, and light from the surface light source 17 is transmitted by the transmission portions A2 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1. In the case of reflective display, light is incident from the viewing side of the display, and the liquid crystal layer 11 of the pre-polarizing plate 12 and the reflective portion A1 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1 is subjected to reflective display. The transmitted light is reflected by the reflective film 7, and among the reflected light emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1, the light transmitted through the front polarizer 12 is emitted to the observation side for display.
[0056]
In the case of transmissive display, the light is emitted from the surface light source 17, transmitted through the rear polarizing plate 13 and the liquid crystal layer 11 of the transmissive portion A 2 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1, and emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1. The light transmitted through the front polarizing plate 12 is emitted to the observation side and displayed.
[0057]
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reflective display of the liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive display of the liquid crystal display device.
[0058]
First, a description will be given of the reflection display using external light. In the case of the reflection display, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 4, external light a incident from the observation side of the display (upper side in the figure) ₀ Is absorbed by the pre-polarizer 12 into a linearly polarized light component parallel to its absorption axis (not shown), and the linearly polarized light a parallel to the transmission axis 12a of the pre-polarizer 12 is ₁ And enters the front λ / 4 retardation plate 14, which gives a 差 wavelength phase difference between the ordinary light and the extraordinary light by the λ / 4 retardation plate 14, and the circularly polarized light a ₂ And enters the liquid crystal element 1.
[0059]
Then, when no electric field is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the liquid crystal element 1, that is, in the initial alignment state in which the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the reflection portion A1 of the pixel A are twisted at a twist angle of 60 to 70 degrees. 4A, the circularly polarized light a incident on the liquid crystal element 1 from the front side as shown in FIG. ₂ However, in the process of passing through the liquid crystal layer 11 in which the twist angle of the molecular alignment is set to 60 to 70 degrees and the value of Δnd is set to 250 nm to 270 nm, the polarization state is changed by the retardation, and the light passes through the pre-polarizer 12. The linearly polarized light a ₁ Linearly polarized light a substantially the same as ₃ And the linearly polarized light a ₃ Light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the reflection part A1 of the pixel A is reflected by the reflection film 7, and light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the transmission part A2 of the pixel A is emitted to the rear side of the liquid crystal element 1. I do.
[0060]
The linearly polarized light a reflected by the reflection film 7 ₃ Is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 again, changes the polarization state by the retardation, and is transmitted through the front λ / 4 retardation plate 14 and enters the circularly polarized light a. ₂ Same circularly polarized light a ₄ As a result, the light is emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1.
[0061]
Circularly polarized light a emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1 ₄ Is linearly polarized light a parallel to the transmission axis 12a of the front polarizer 12 by the λ / 4 retarder 14 on the front side. ₅ Then, the light enters the front polarizing plate 12 from the rear side, passes through the front polarizing plate 12, and exits to the observation side.
[0062]
Further, when an electric field is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the liquid crystal element 1 in which a write electric field is applied which causes the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the liquid crystal layer 11 to rise substantially vertically to the surfaces of the substrates 2 and 3; When the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 11 of the reflection part A1 of the pixel A becomes substantially zero, the circularly polarized light a incident on the liquid crystal element 1 from the front side as shown in FIG. ₂ Transmits through the liquid crystal layer 11 with almost no change in the polarization state, and the circularly polarized light a ₂ Light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the reflection part A1 of the pixel A is reflected by the reflection film 7, and light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the transmission part A2 of the pixel A is emitted to the rear side of the liquid crystal element 1. I do.
[0063]
Circularly polarized light a reflected by the reflection film 7 ₂ Is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 again without substantially changing the polarization state, and is emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1.
[0064]
The circularly polarized light a emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1 ₂ Is linearly polarized light a substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis 12a of the front polarizing plate 12 (substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the front polarizing plate 12) by the λ / 4 retardation plate 14 on the front side. ₆ Then, the light enters the front polarizing plate 12 from the rear side and is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 12.
[0065]
The light emitted to the observation side during the reflective display is light reflected by the reflective film 7 on the inner surface of the rear substrate 3 of the liquid crystal element 1, so that the light absorbed by the polarizing plate is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 12. , A bright display is obtained.
[0066]
Next, the transmission display using the illumination light from the surface light source 17 will be described. In the case of the transmission display, the illumination light incident from the rear side (the lower side in the figure) as indicated by an arrow in FIG. b ₀ Is absorbed by the rear polarizer 13 in a linearly polarized light component parallel to its absorption axis (not shown), and then the linearly polarized light b parallel to the transmission axis 13a of the polarizer 13 ₁ And enters the rear λ / 4 retardation plate 15, which gives a 差 wavelength phase difference between the ordinary light and the extraordinary light by the λ / 4 retardation plate 15, and the circularly polarized light b ₂ It becomes.
[0067]
Circularly polarized light b transmitted through the λ / 4 retardation plate 15 ₂ Is incident on the liquid crystal element 1 from the rear side, and of the light, the light incident on the transmission part A2 of the plurality of pixels A is incident on the liquid crystal layer 11 and is incident on the reflection part A1 of the plurality of pixels A. The reflected light is reflected by the reflection film 7 and returns to the rear side of the liquid crystal element 1.
[0068]
Then, when no electric field is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the liquid crystal element 1, that is, when the liquid crystal molecules 11 a of the transmission portion A 2 of the pixel A have a twist angle of 0 to 10 degrees and are non-twisted or extremely small. When in the initial alignment state in which the twist is twisted with a twist angle, as shown in FIG. ₂ In the process of passing through the liquid crystal layer 11 in which the twist angle of the molecular arrangement is set to 0 to 10 degrees and the value of Δnd is set to 250 nm to 270 nm, the polarization state is changed by the retardation, and the λ / 4 retardation plate before and after 15 and the circularly polarized light b ₂ Circularly polarized light b ₃ As a result, the light is emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1.
[0069]
Circularly polarized light b emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1 ₃ Is linearly polarized light b parallel to the transmission axis 12a of the front polarizer 12 by the λ / 4 retarder 14 on the front side. ₄ Then, the light enters the front polarizing plate 12 from the rear side, passes through the front polarizing plate 12, and exits to the observation side.
[0070]
Further, when an electric field is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the liquid crystal element 1 in which a write electric field is applied which causes the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the liquid crystal layer 11 to rise substantially vertically to the surfaces of the substrates 2 and 3; When the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 11 of the transmission part A2 of the pixel A becomes substantially zero, the circularly polarized light b incident on the liquid crystal element 1 from the rear side as shown in FIG. ₂ Pass through the liquid crystal layer 11 with almost no change in the polarization state and exit to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1.
[0071]
The circularly polarized light b emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1 ₂ Is linearly polarized light b substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis 12a of the front polarizer 12 (substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the front polarizer 12) by the front λ / 4 retardation plate 14. ₅ Then, the light enters the front polarizing plate 12 from the rear side and is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 12.
[0072]
As described above, the display of the liquid crystal display device is not only a reflective display using external light, but also a transmissive display using illumination light from the surface light source 17, regardless of the light emitted from the non-electric field pixel of the liquid crystal element 1. Is a normally white mode display in which light is emitted to the observation side to provide a bright display, and light emitted from the electric field application pixels is absorbed by the pre-polarizer 12 to provide a dark display.
[0073]
Since the liquid crystal element 1 includes a plurality of color filters 8R, 8G, and 8B of a plurality of colors corresponding to the plurality of pixels A, for example, red, green, and blue, the bright display corresponds to This is a display colored with the colors of the color filters 8R, 8G, and 8B.
[0074]
In this liquid crystal display device, since the diffusion layer 16 is disposed between the liquid crystal element 1 and the front λ / 4 retardation plate 14, the reflection layer provided on the inner surface of the rear substrate 3 of the liquid crystal element 1 is provided. It is possible to prevent reflection of an external scene such as an observer's face and its background on the display (specular reflection film) 7 on the film (mirror reflection film) 7, and to increase the display viewing angle.
[0075]
In this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal layer 11 of the liquid crystal element 1 is formed to have substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels A, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 11a is changed to the reflection portion of the plurality of pixels A. Since the light transmitting portion A1 and the light transmitting portion A2 are different from each other, the retardation of the light reflecting portion A1 with respect to the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 11 reciprocally and the light transmitting portion A2 with respect to the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 11 in one direction. Are substantially equal to each other, so that the display having substantially the same characteristics can be performed both in the reflective display by the reflective portion A1 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1 and in the transmissive display by the transmissive portion A2 of the plurality of pixels A. Obtainable.
[0076]
In this embodiment, the 4 / λ retardation plates 14 and 15 are disposed between the liquid crystal element 1 and the front and rear polarizing plates 12 and 13, respectively. In this case, the linearly polarized light a transmitted through the front polarizer 12 or the rear polarizer 13 ₁ , B ₁ By the 4 / λ retardation plates 14 and 15 ₂ , B ₂ To the liquid crystal element 1 and reciprocate through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the reflection part A1 of the plurality of pixels A, or transmit in one direction through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the transmission part A2, and in front of the liquid crystal element 1. The emitted light is transmitted through the front 4 / λ retardation plate 14 and the front polarizer 12 and is emitted to the observation side, so that a display having substantially the same characteristics can be obtained in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. it can.
[0077]
Further, in this embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the reflection portions A1 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1 are set in an alignment state in which the twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the front and rear substrates 2 and 3 is in the range of 60 to 70 degrees. Orienting the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the transmissive portions A2 of the plurality of pixels A to an orientation state in which the twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the substrates 2 and 3 is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees. Is set in the range of 250 nm to 270 nm, the retardation for the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the reflection part A1 and the light transmitted in one direction through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the transmission part A2. The retardation is made substantially equal, and the circularly polarized light a incident on the liquid crystal element 1 is applied to both the reflective display and the transmissive display. ₂ , B ₂ When no electric field is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the pixel A, there is no circularly polarized light a whose rotation direction is reversed. ₄ , B ₃ When an electric field is applied, the incident circularly polarized light a ₂ , B ₂ The light is emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element 1 as it is and its circularly polarized light a ₄ , B ₃ And a ₂ , B ₂ One is transmitted through the front polarizing plate 12 and emitted to the observation side, and the other is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 12, whereby higher display characteristics can be obtained.
[0078]
In addition, according to this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal layer 11 of the liquid crystal element 1 is formed to have substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels A. Each of the contacting surfaces may be a substantially flat surface over the entire area of the pixel A, thereby facilitating the manufacture of the liquid crystal element 1 and causing bubbles in the liquid crystal element 1 when the liquid crystal is injected into the element. Of the liquid crystal element can be prevented, and the driving of the liquid crystal element can be facilitated.
[0079]
That is, in the conventional multi-gap reflective / transmissive liquid crystal display device, a gap adjusting layer is provided on the inner surface of one of the substrates in order to make the gap between the reflective portion and the transmissive portion of a plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element different. However, in the liquid crystal display device of the above embodiment, it is not necessary to provide the gap adjusting layer on any of the substrates 2 and 3 of the liquid crystal element 1, so that the liquid crystal element 1 can be easily manufactured.
[0080]
Moreover, in the above embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules 11a are moved in one direction on the inner surface of one of the substrates 2 and 3 before and after the liquid crystal element 1, for example, on the inner surface of the front substrate 2 over the arrangement region of the plurality of pixels A. The liquid crystal molecules 11a are shifted on the inner surface of the other rear substrate 3 by 60 to 70 degrees with respect to the alignment processing direction of the inner surface of the front substrate 2 except for the transmitting portions of the plurality of pixels A on the inner surface of the other rear substrate 3. The liquid crystal molecules 11a of the reflection part A1 of the plurality of pixels A are defined by the alignment processing directions of the front and rear substrates 2 and 3 at the twist angle of 60 to 70 degrees by performing the alignment processing for aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the directions A and B. Since the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the transmissive portions A2 of the plurality of pixels A are aligned at the twist angle of 0 to 10 degrees defined by the alignment processing direction of the front substrate 2, any of the substrates 2, 3 Orientation process is also performed in one direction (front substrate 2 Direction) shifted 60 to 70 degrees from each other in the rear substrate 3 may be a process of aligning the liquid crystal molecules 11a, thus can be performed easily orientation treatment before and after the substrates 2 and 3.
[0081]
In the above embodiment, the 4 / λ retardation plates 14 and 15 are disposed between the liquid crystal element 1 and the front and rear polarizing plates 12 and 13, respectively. However, the retardation plates 14 and 15 are omitted. Is also good.
[0082]
Further, in the above embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the reflection part A1 of the plurality of pixels A of the liquid crystal element 1 are oriented at a twist angle of 60 to 70 degrees, and the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the transmission part A2 of the plurality of pixels A are set to 0. While the liquid crystal element 1 is aligned at a twist angle of 10 to 10 degrees and the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal element 1 is set to 250 nm to 270 nm, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 11a of the reflection part A1 and the transmission part A2 and the liquid crystal element 1 The value of Δnd is set under the condition that the retardation of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the reflection part A1 to and from the liquid crystal layer 11 is substantially equal to the retardation of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 11 of the transmission part A2 in one direction. If it can be satisfied, other orientation states and Δnd values may be used.
[0083]
Further, in the above embodiment, the diffusion layer 16 is provided between the liquid crystal element 1 and the λ / 4 retardation plate 14 on the front side. The diffusion layer 16 is provided on the inner surface of the rear substrate 3 of the liquid crystal element 1. As long as it is on the front side of the provided reflection film 7, it may be provided on one of the inner surfaces of the substrates 2 and 3 before and after the liquid crystal element 1, and the diffusion layer 16 may be omitted.
[0084]
In the above embodiment, the reflection film 7 is formed on a gate insulating film (not shown) of the TFT 6 provided on the inner surface of the rear substrate, and the electrode (pixel electrode) 5 on the inner surface of the rear substrate is partially formed. Although the reflective film 7 is formed on the reflective film 7, the reflective film 7 is formed on the substrate surface of the rear substrate 3, and the electrode 5 on the inner surface of the rear substrate is partially placed on the reflective film 7. The reflection film 7 may be formed on the predetermined region of the electrode 5 on the inner surface of the rear substrate.
[0085]
Furthermore, the liquid crystal display device of the above embodiment is provided with the active matrix liquid crystal element 1 having the TFT 6 as an active element. It may be of a type.
[0086]
【The invention's effect】
The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is characterized in that a front polarizer and a rear polarizer are respectively disposed on a front side and a rear side of a liquid crystal element having a reflective portion and a transmissive portion formed in a plurality of pixels, respectively. And a liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal element is formed to have substantially the same layer thickness over the entire area of the plurality of pixels, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is determined by a reflection portion of the plurality of pixels. And the transmissive portion are different from each other, so that substantially the same display characteristics can be obtained both in the reflective display by the reflective portions of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element and in the transmissive display by the transmissive portions of the plurality of pixels. In addition to facilitating the manufacture of the liquid crystal element, the present invention eliminates the occurrence of display defects such as light leakage by eliminating bubbles remaining in the element when injecting liquid crystal into the liquid crystal element. Can be easily driven Kill.
[0087]
It is desirable that the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a configuration in which a 4 / λ retardation plate is disposed between the liquid crystal element and the front and rear polarizers. During display, the linearly polarized light transmitted through the front polarizer or the rear polarizer is incident on the liquid crystal element as circularly polarized light by the 4 / λ retardation plate, and reciprocates through the liquid crystal layer of the reflection part of the plurality of pixels. Or the light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer of the transmitting portion in one direction and exits to the front side of the liquid crystal element and exits to the observation side by passing through the front side 4 / λ retardation plate and the front polarizer. However, the display having substantially the same characteristics can be obtained in both the reflective display and the transmissive display.
[0088]
Further, in this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules in the reflective portions of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element are aligned in an alignment state in which the twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the front and rear substrates is in a range of 60 to 70 degrees. Liquid crystal molecules in the transmissive portion of the pixel are aligned in a state where the twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the substrates is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees, and the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal element and the liquid crystal layer thickness d It is preferable to set the value of the product Δnd in the range of 250 nm to 270 nm. In this way, the retardation for the light transmitted and reciprocated through the liquid crystal layer of the reflection section and the liquid crystal layer of the transmission section are reduced. The retardation with respect to light transmitted in one direction is made substantially equal, and the circularly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal element is displayed in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. side When the electric field is applied, the incident circularly polarized light is emitted to the front side of the liquid crystal element, one of the circularly polarized light is transmitted through the front polarizer and emitted to the observation side, and the other is absorbed by the front polarizer. By doing so, higher display characteristics can be obtained.
[0089]
In that case, of the substrates before and after the liquid crystal element, the inner surface of one substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment for aligning the liquid crystal molecules in one direction over the entire arrangement region of the plurality of pixels, and the inner surface of the other substrate is performed. Excluding the transmitting portions of the plurality of pixels, performing an alignment process for aligning the liquid crystal molecules in a direction shifted by 60 to 70 degrees with respect to an alignment process direction of the inner surface of the one substrate, The liquid crystal molecules in the reflective portion of the pixel are oriented at the twist angle of 60 to 70 degrees defined by the orientation processing directions of the front and rear substrates, and the liquid crystal molecules in the transmissive portions of the plurality of pixels are oriented in the one substrate. It is preferable that the substrate is oriented at a twist angle of 0 to 10 degrees as defined by the processing direction. By doing so, the orientation process of the front and rear substrates can be easily performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a part of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an alignment treatment method for one substrate of a liquid crystal element.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a method for performing alignment treatment on the other substrate of the liquid crystal element.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a reflection display of the liquid crystal display device.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive display of the liquid crystal display device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Liquid crystal element, A ... Pixel, A1: Reflection part, A2 ... Transmission part, 2, 3 ... Substrate, 4, 5 ... Electrode, 7 ... Reflection film, 8R, 8G, 8B ... Color filter, 9, 10 ... Orientation Film, 11: liquid crystal layer, 11a: liquid crystal molecules, 12, 13: polarizing plate, 14, 15: λ / 4 retardation plate, 16: diffusion layer, 17: surface light source.

Claims (4)

Electrodes for forming a plurality of pixels are formed on regions facing each other on a front substrate which is a display observation side and a rear substrate facing the front substrate, and the plurality of electrodes are provided on an inner surface of the rear substrate. Reflection films respectively corresponding to predetermined regions in the pixel are provided, and between the front substrate and the rear substrate, substantially the same layer thickness is formed over the entire area of the plurality of pixels, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules are provided. A liquid crystal layer oriented in different alignment states in a region corresponding to the reflective film of the pixel and another region is provided, and the light incident from the front side is reflected by the region corresponding to the reflective film of the plurality of pixels. A liquid crystal element, which forms a reflecting portion that is reflected by the film and emits to the front side, and forms a transmitting portion that transmits light incident from the rear side and emits to the front side through other regions of the plurality of pixels;
A front polarizer and a rear polarizer disposed respectively on the front side and the rear side of the liquid crystal element,
A liquid crystal display device comprising: a light source that is disposed on the rear side of the rear polarizing plate and emits illumination light toward the liquid crystal element. 4. A 4 / .lambda. Phase difference plate for providing a 1/4 wavelength phase difference between ordinary light and extraordinary light of transmitted light between the liquid crystal element and the front and rear polarizing plates. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to 1. The liquid crystal molecules in the reflective portions of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal element are aligned in an alignment state in which the twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the front and rear substrates is in a range of 60 to 70 degrees, and the liquid crystal molecules in the transmissive portions of the plurality of pixels are The twist angle of the molecular arrangement between the substrates is aligned in an alignment state in the range of 0 to 10 degrees, and the value of the product Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal element and the liquid crystal layer thickness d is: 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is set in a range of 250 nm to 270 nm. Of the substrates before and after the liquid crystal element, the inner surface of one of the substrates is subjected to an alignment treatment for aligning the liquid crystal molecules in one direction over the entire arrangement region of the plurality of pixels, and the inner surface of the other substrate includes the plurality of substrates. 4. An alignment process for aligning the liquid crystal molecules in a direction shifted from the alignment process direction on the inner surface of the one substrate by 60 to 70 degrees except for a transmission part of a pixel. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to 1.

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