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JP2004290827A - Oxidation catalyst for burning light oil - Google Patents

Oxidation catalyst for burning light oil Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004290827A
JP2004290827A JP2003086967A JP2003086967A JP2004290827A JP 2004290827 A JP2004290827 A JP 2004290827A JP 2003086967 A JP2003086967 A JP 2003086967A JP 2003086967 A JP2003086967 A JP 2003086967A JP 2004290827 A JP2004290827 A JP 2004290827A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light oil
oxidation catalyst
catalyst
alumina
burning
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JP2003086967A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3844350B2 (en
Inventor
Yasuyuki Tomono
靖幸 伴野
Makoto Nagata
誠 永田
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NE Chemcat Corp
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NE Chemcat Corp
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  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oxidation catalyst for burning light oil which is excellent in light oil burning performance, heat resistance, and durability and makes oxidation/combustion possible even in a low temperature region in a catalyst used to regenerate a catalyzed diesel particulate filter by forcibly burning fine particles (soot etc.) caught by the filter by high temperature gas produced by supplying light oil into the exhaust gas of an diesel engine and oxidizing/burning the light oil. <P>SOLUTION: The oxidation catalyst for burning light oil is housed with the catalyzed diesel particulate filter in a diesel engine exhaust gas pathway and arranged upstream from the filter. The catalyst is made of a heat resistant three-dimensional structure carrying catalyst components in which platinum is supported on a γ-Al<SB>2</SB>O<SB>3</SB>/La<SB>2</SB>O<SB>3</SB>mixed carrier. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスに含まれる煤(スート)等の微粒子(ディーゼルパティキュレート)を強制燃焼処理するシステムに適用される軽油燃焼用酸化触媒に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスに含まれる微粒子(ディーゼルパティキュレート)の処理が大きな問題となっている。この微粒子の大部分は、煤(スート)および可溶性有機物質(SOF)からなる。
【0003】
この微粒子の大気中への放出を防止するため、排気通路にフィルタ(ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ:DPF)を設けて微粒子を捕集する手段が有効である。しかし、このDPFは微粒子の捕集に伴い目詰まりを生じることから、この目詰まりを解消するために、捕集された微粒子を除去してDPFの再生を行う必要がある。
【0004】
DPFに捕集された微粒子は、酸素の存在下で高温(約600℃以上)に加熱されると、自然燃焼して容易に除去される。しかし、通常、排気ガスの熱のみでは、温度の上昇が不十分であり、微粒子を完全に燃焼させDPFの目詰まりを解消することは非常に困難である。こうしたことから、従来から種々の方法または手段が提案されている。
【0005】
例えば、ディーゼル排気ガス中に含まれるNOを上流側の酸化触媒でNOに酸化して、下流側のDPF、または触媒化されたDPF(Catalyzed Soot Filter、以下「CSF」という)に捕集された炭素を、下記反応:
NO+C→NO+CO 2NO+C→N+CO
に従い、NOとの反応により、比較的低温度(例えば、225〜300℃(特許文献1参照))において燃焼させることが提案されている(他には、特許文献2〜特許文献4参照)。しかし、実際には、ディーゼル排気ガスの温度が十分に上昇しないこと等の問題があり、前記手段のみによってDPFまたはCSFに捕集・堆積された微粒子を完全に燃焼除去することはできず、DPFまたはCSFの強制再生を行うことが必要であった。
【0006】
DPFまたはCSFの強制再生のため、軽油等の燃料を排気ガス中に供給し、酸化触媒により燃焼させて高温ガスとし、これによりDPFまたはCSFに堆積した微粒子を燃焼させる方法が知られている。しかし、排気ガス温度が低い場合には、前記酸化触媒が活性化しておらず、軽油の酸化および燃焼が生じないため、そのまま排出されフィルタの再生が行われない。このため、酸化触媒の上流側に電気ヒーター等による加熱手段を設けて、酸化触媒に供給される排気ガス温度を高めることが提案されている(特許文献5〜特許文献9参照)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特許第3012249号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2001−263051号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2002−30924号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2002−35587号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平8−42325号公報
【特許文献6】
特開平9−222009号公報
【特許文献7】
特開平9−317440号公報
【特許文献8】
特開平10−272324号公報
【特許文献9】
特開2002−97930号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように軽油を酸化乃至燃焼させるため、加熱手段を用いることは、装置の構造および制御を複雑とし、また、コスト面からみても好ましいものではない。そこで、本発明が目的とするところは、前記加熱手段によって昇温することが必要であった低い排気ガス温度領域においても、十分に軽油の酸化および燃焼性能を発揮することができ、前記加熱手段を不要とすることができるのみならず、実用上、長期間にわたり酸化性能を保持し、耐熱性および耐久性に優れた酸化触媒を提供することである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するため、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
即ち、本発明は、
ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス経路内に触媒化ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ(CSF)とともに収容され、前記触媒化ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタよりも上流側に配設される軽油燃焼用酸化触媒であって、白金をγ−Al/La混合担体に担持させてなる触媒成分を担持したセラミック製構造体からなる軽油燃焼用酸化触媒(以下、「DOC」ということがある)を提供する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
先ず、本発明に係る軽油燃焼用酸化触媒が適用されるシステムの概要について、図1に基づいて説明する。なお、図1に示したシステムは、実施形態の一例にすぎず、これに限定されるものではない。
【0011】
ディーゼル排気ガス経路1には、DOC 2、およびCSF 3が収容されており、矢印のように上流側から排気ガスが流れて、DOC 2、次いでCSF 3を順次通過してマフラー(図示せず)から大気中に放出されるように構成されている。
【0012】
CSFとしては、公知のものを全て使用することができる。例えば、コージェライト等の多孔質セラミックからなり、γ−アルミナ等をコーティングし、更に、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム等の貴金属系元素を担持させたものを用いることができる。また、排気流方向に多数のセルを有し、各セルは排気ガス流入側または流出側のいずれかの端部が閉鎖され、各セルが組み合わされて、例えば市松模様状の構造となるような配列となっている。そして、排気ガスは各セルの多孔質壁を通過可能であるが、微粒子はCSFに捕集されるようになっている。
【0013】
図示していないが、CSF 3の前後における差圧を測定する手段が設けられており、前記差圧値によりCSFにおける微粒子の堆積状態を検知することができるようになっている。微粒子の堆積が多くなり、前記差圧値が一定限度を超えると運転条件等の関係を満足した時点で、エンジンコントロールユニット(ECU)の制御により、排気ガス内に軽油が噴射および供給される。前記軽油の供給は、ディーゼルエンジンシリンダー内へ、通常の軽油噴射とは別に、膨張行程から排気工程の途中で調量された軽油を噴射(ポスト噴射)して、未燃焼の軽油がエンジンからの排気ガス中に含まれるように行ってもよい。また、図1に示すように、別途、ディーゼル排気ガス経路1に軽油噴射弁4を設け、これから調量された軽油が噴射されるようにしても差し支えない。
【0014】
軽油含有排気ガスは、本発明のDOC 2によって酸化および燃焼して、高温ガスとなってCSF 3に供給され、CSF 3に堆積した微粒子を燃焼させガス化して除去する。こうして、CSF 3の再生が可能となる。
【0015】
[軽油燃焼用酸化触媒(DOC)]
本発明のDOCは、白金をγ−Al/La混合担体に担持させてなる触媒成分を担持した耐熱性3次元構造体である。
耐熱性3次元構造体としては、公知のものを用いることができ、例えば、コージェライト等のセラミック、ステンレス等の金属製の耐熱性に富んだ材料から形成された、断面形状が矩形、三角形、ハニカム状等の連通したセルの集合体、セラミックフォーム、ワイヤーメッシュ、金属発泡体等を用いることができ、中でもハニカム状モノリス体が好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の触媒成分としては、白金担持体として、γ−Alと組み合わせてLaを用いることが必要であり、また、重要である。Laを併用することにより、軽油燃焼温度を低くすることができるのみならず、耐熱性および耐久性に優れたDOCを得ることができる。Laの使用量としては、前記γ−Al/La混合担体の組成(重量比)が、好ましくは99/1〜90/10、より好ましくは99/1〜98/2の範囲内となるようにするのがよい。
【0017】
上記混合担体の成分であるγ−Alとしては、比表面積(BET法による、以下同様)が、100〜250m/gであるものを用いることが好ましく、更に、200〜250m/gであるものを用いることがより好ましい。γ−Alの比表面積を前記範囲内とすることにより、白金を高分散状態で安定化することができ、耐熱性に富んだ触媒が得られ、また、軽油を低温から燃焼させることができる。
【0018】
前記耐熱性3次元構造体への(白金を含む)触媒成分の担持量としては、150〜250g/L、好ましくは100〜200g/Lとすることがよく、また、白金の担持量としては、2.0〜4.0g/L、好ましくは2.5〜3.5g/Lとすることがよい。
【0019】
本発明の触媒を調製する際には、例えば、先ずγ−Al/La混合粉体と亜硝酸ジアンミン白金(II)水溶液とを混合処理した後に乾燥する。次いで、水を混合してスラリーを調製して、例えばセラミックハニカムにウオッシュコートして、乾燥し更に焼成を行って、DOCを得ることができる。
【0020】
【実施例】
[実施例1]
比表面積が143m/gのγ−Al(以下、「アルミナ1」という)、比表面積が157m/gのγ−Al(以下、「アルミナ2」という)、および比表面積が220m/gのLa含有γ−Al(γ−Al/La(重量比)=98.4/1.6)(以下、「アルミナ3」という)を、100:74:200(重量比)の割合で混合した。アルミナ1〜アルミナ3の合計における平均の比表面積は182m/gであった。
【0021】
得られた混合粉体に、前記混合粉体との合計量中の白金金属元素量が1.75重量%となる量の亜硝酸ジアンミン白金(II)の20重量%水溶液を加えて含浸処理を行い、次いで水分を乾燥・除去して、粉体の白金担持触媒成分を得た。これを、[触媒成分1]とする。
【0022】
[白金担持触媒成分1]100重量部に対して、水86部、および酢酸7.6部を加えて攪拌・混合して、スラリーを調製した。このスラリー中に、市販のセラミック製ハニカム担体A(300 cpsi、壁厚:8 mil)にウオッシュコートし、乾燥後、450℃で0.5時間焼成して、触媒化された担体を得た。これを[酸化触媒1]とする。
[酸化触媒1]中の白金金属の含有量は3.5g/Lであり、また、[白金担持触媒成分1]の含有量は200g/Lであった。
【0023】
[実施例2]
実施例1に記載のハニカム担体A(300 cpsi、壁厚:8 mil)に代えて、ハニカム担体B(400 cpsi、壁厚:6 mil)を用いること以外は、実施例1と同様にして、[酸化触媒2]を得た。
【0024】
[比較例1]
実施例1に記載の、アルミナ1、アルミナ2およびアルミナ3に代えて、前記各アルミナの合計量と同じ重量のアルミナ1のみを用いること以外は、実施例1と同様にして、[比較酸化触媒1]を得た。(ハニカム担体A使用)
【0025】
[比較例2]
実施例1に記載の、アルミナ1、アルミナ2およびアルミナ3に代えて、前記各アルミナの合計量と同じ重量のアルミナ1のみを用いて[比較触媒成分2]を得ること、並びに、該[比較触媒成分2]の含有量を100g/Lに変更すること以外は、実施例1と同様にして、[比較酸化触媒2]を得た。(ハニカム担体A使用)
【0026】
[比較例3]
実施例2において、アルミナ1、アルミナ2およびアルミナ3に代えて、前記各アルミナの合計量と同じ重量のアルミナ1のみを用いること以外は、実施例2と同様にして、[比較酸化触媒3]を得た。(ハニカム担体B使用)
【0027】
[比較例4]
実施例1に記載の、アルミナ1、アルミナ2およびアルミナ3の使用量を、100:160:80(重量比)に変更して、実施例1と同様に粉体の白金担持触媒成分を得た。これにCeOを更に混合した。該CeOを含む合計量に対するCeOの含有量は55重量%であった。その後は実施例1と同様にして、[比較酸化触媒4]を得た。(ハニカム担体A使用)
【0028】
[比較例5]
実施例2に記載の、アルミナ1、アルミナ2およびアルミナ3の使用量を、100:100:150(重量比)に変更して、実施例2と同様に粉体の白金担持触媒成分を得た。これに、MFI型ゼオライトを更に混合した。該ゼオライトを含む合計量に対するゼオライトの含有量は43.7重量%であった。その後は、実施例2と同様にして、[比較酸化触媒5]を得た。(ハニカム担体B使用)
【0029】
[比較例6]
TiO粉体に、前記粉体との合計量中の白金金属元素量が5.5重量%となる量の亜硝酸ジアンミン白金(II)の20重量%水溶液を加えて含浸処理を行い、次いで水分を乾燥・除去して、TiOの白金担持触媒成分を得た。これに、上記ゼオライトを更に混合した。該ゼオライトを含む合計量に対するゼオライトの含有量は45.5重量%であった。その後は、実施例2と同様にして、[比較酸化触媒6]を得た。(ハニカム担体B使用)
【0030】
[比較例7]
実施例2に記載の、アルミナ1、アルミナ2およびアルミナ3に代えて、前記各アルミナの合計量と同じ重量のTiOのみを用いること以外は、実施例2と同様にして、[比較酸化触媒1]を得た。(ハニカム担体B使用)
【0031】
[触媒性能評価方法]
上記実施例および比較例で得られた酸化触媒の軽油燃焼性能の評価は、下記条件によって行った。
【0032】
<評価例1および2>
・触媒容量:直径143.8 mm×長さ152.4 mm(2480ml)
・評価エンジン容量:5L
・軽油添加量:3.5ml/分
・昇温速度:15℃/分
・空間速度(SV):120,000 h−1 以上
・耐久試験条件:エンジン実機にて軽油連続添加,触媒床温度:750℃,100時間
【0033】
<評価例3>
・触媒容量:直径143.8 mm×長さ152.4 mm(2480ml)
・評価エンジン容量:5L
・軽油添加量:15 ml/分,20 ml/分,25 ml/分
・評価温度:250℃
【0034】
<評価例4>
・触媒容量:直径24 mm×長さ66 mm(29.8ml)
・モデルガス組成:NO(300 ppm),炭化水素(HC)(プロピレン 80 ppm+プロパン 20 ppm),CO(300 ppm),O(10 vol%),CO(6vol %),HO(6vol %),N(残余)
・空間速度(SV):40,000 h−1 以上
・昇温速度:30℃/分
【0035】
[評価結果]
<評価例1>
ハニカム担体A(300 cpsi)を用いた[酸化触媒1]、[比較酸化触媒1]、[比較酸化触媒2]、および[比較酸化触媒4]について、その軽油燃焼性能を表1に示した。実施例1の[酸化触媒1]が最も低温で軽油の燃焼が始まり、かつ、軽油燃焼による温度上昇が速いことが明らかである。このことから、白金担体としてLa含有アルミナ(アルミナ3)および高比表面積アルミナ(アルミナ2)を使用することで軽油燃焼性能が向上することが明らかである。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 2004290827
【0037】
<評価例2>
ハニカム担体A(300 cpsi)を用いた[酸化触媒1]および[比較酸化触媒1]とハニカム担体B(400 cpsi)を用いた[比較酸化触媒3]について、その軽油燃焼性能を表2に示した。セル密度のみが相違する比較例1と3の比較において、ハニカムセル密度が高いハニカム担体Bの方が、軽油燃焼性能が高いことがわかる。
【0038】
しかし、ハニカムセル密度が低いハニカム担体Aを用いているにもかかわらず、実施例1においては比較例3と比較しても軽油燃焼性能が高いことが明らかであり、優れた性能を示した。実車を想定した場合、エンジンより排出される煤および可溶性有機物質(SOF)によってハニカム中のセルの目詰まりが懸念されることから、この目詰まりを回避するためには、セル密度が低い方が有利である。よって、セル密度が低いにもかかわらず、実施例1の[酸化触媒1]が他の触媒に比べて優れた軽油燃焼性能を発揮することの実用的優位性は明らかである。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 2004290827
【0040】
軽油の連続添加を行いながら、上記条件(750℃、100時間)で運転を行い、その耐久試験結果を表3に示した。比較例1との対比から明らかなように、実施例1の[酸化触媒1]は前記連続運転後も優れた軽油燃焼性能を維持しており、耐久性能に優れていることを示された。
【0041】
【表3】
Figure 2004290827
【0042】
<評価例3>
定常温度(250℃)における軽油添加後の一定時間(40秒後、100秒後)の触媒床温度を、軽油添加量を変化させて(15 ml/分,20 ml/分,25 ml/分)測定し、[酸化触媒1]、[比較酸化触媒5]、[比較酸化触媒6]および[比較酸化触媒7]について、その軽油燃焼性の添加量依存性の結果を表4に示した。
【0043】
比較例5、6および7の触媒は、基本的に定常温度(250℃)において軽油添加量が多くなるにつれて、触媒床温度(40秒後)が低下している。また、いずれの軽油添加量においても、軽油添加から40秒後の温度よりも、100秒後の温度が低下している。このことは、各触媒の軽油燃焼性能が軽油添加量に対して十分ではないために、触媒上での軽油燃焼を維持できず失火してしまっていることを示している。
【0044】
一方、実施例1の触媒は、軽油添加量が多くなるにつれて、触媒床温度(40秒後)が上昇し、更に、いずれの軽油添加量においても、軽油添加から40秒後の温度よりも、100秒後の温度が上昇している。即ち、実施例1の[酸化触媒1]が優れた軽油燃焼性能を有し、軽油の燃焼を維持し得るのみではなく、軽油添加量が多い状態でも連続的に軽油を燃焼できることが明らかである。
【0045】
【表4】
Figure 2004290827
【0046】
<評価例4>
[酸化触媒1]と[比較酸化触媒1]について、800℃の温度における触媒性能の耐久試験をおこなった。800℃の温度条件で、1250時間後、および3000時間後の触媒にモデルガスを透過させて、昇温速度:30℃/分で昇温し、HCの転化率が50%に達したときの温度を表5に示した。この結果から、実施例1の[酸化触媒1]は、800℃の高温において 3000時間経過後においても優れた性能を維持していることが明らかである。
【0047】
【表5】
Figure 2004290827
【0048】
<参考>
触媒調整に使用したアルミナ1〜アルミナ3を、900℃、1000℃および 1100℃の温度で6時間熱処理を行い、各々の比表面積を測定して表6に示した。
【0049】
アルミナ1に比較して、初期状態で高い比表面積を有しているアルミナ2およびアルミナ3は、1100℃における高温処理後においても、比表面積の低下は比較的に少ないことから、優位性を維持している。このことから比表面積が高いアルミナを用いることにより軽油燃焼性能が向上した酸化触媒が得られることが示されており、また、特に、Laを含有させて耐熱性を向上させたアルミナ3を用いることにより酸化触媒の耐久性も良好となり、このことから実施例1の[酸化触媒1]が上記各比較例の触媒と比較して優れた性能を有している理由が示唆される。
【0050】
【表6】
Figure 2004290827
【0051】
【発明の効果】
本発明の軽油燃焼用酸化触媒を用いることにより、比較的に低い温度でも軽油を燃させることができ、生じた高温ガスにより触媒化ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタに捕集された微粒子(煤等)を強制燃焼させて前記フィルタを再生することができる。従って、別途、噴射軽油燃焼に際して排気ガスの加熱手段を設ける必要がない。また、本発明の軽油燃焼用酸化触媒は、軽油燃焼性能に優れるのみならず、ディーゼルエンジンの長期の連続運転によっても、実施例1のその軽油燃焼性能を維持できるとの耐熱性および耐久性に優れたものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明の軽油燃焼用酸化触媒をディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス経路に適用する場合の概要を示す概略説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ディーゼル排気ガス経路
2 軽油燃焼用酸化触媒(DOC)
3 触媒化ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ(CSF)
4 軽油噴射弁4[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion applied to a system for forcibly burning fine particles (diesel particulates) such as soot contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, treatment of fine particles (diesel particulate) contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine has become a major problem. The majority of these particles are composed of soot and soluble organic matter (SOF).
[0003]
In order to prevent the emission of the fine particles into the atmosphere, it is effective to provide a filter (diesel particulate filter: DPF) in the exhaust passage to collect the fine particles. However, since the DPF is clogged with the collection of fine particles, it is necessary to remove the collected fine particles and regenerate the DPF in order to eliminate the clogging.
[0004]
When the fine particles collected by the DPF are heated to a high temperature (about 600 ° C. or higher) in the presence of oxygen, they are spontaneously combusted and easily removed. However, usually, the heat of the exhaust gas alone does not sufficiently increase the temperature, and it is very difficult to completely burn the fine particles and eliminate the clogging of the DPF. For these reasons, various methods or means have been conventionally proposed.
[0005]
For example, NO contained in diesel exhaust gas is oxidized to NO 2 by an upstream oxidation catalyst, and collected in a downstream DPF or a catalyzed DPF (Catalyzed Soot Filter, hereinafter referred to as “CSF”). To the following reaction:
NO 2 + C → NO + CO 2NO + C → N 2 + CO 2
Accordingly, it has been proposed to combust at a relatively low temperature (for example, 225 to 300 ° C. (see Patent Document 1)) by reacting with NO 2 (see also Patent Documents 2 to 4). . However, in actuality, there is a problem that the temperature of the diesel exhaust gas does not rise sufficiently. For example, the particulates collected and deposited on the DPF or CSF cannot be completely burned and removed by the above-described means alone. Alternatively, it was necessary to perform forced regeneration of CSF.
[0006]
There is known a method in which a fuel such as light oil is supplied to exhaust gas and burned by an oxidation catalyst to produce a high-temperature gas for forced regeneration of DPF or CSF, thereby burning fine particles deposited on DPF or CSF. However, when the exhaust gas temperature is low, the oxidation catalyst is not activated, and oxidation and combustion of light oil do not occur. Therefore, the exhaust gas is discharged as it is and the filter is not regenerated. Therefore, it has been proposed to provide a heating means such as an electric heater upstream of the oxidation catalyst to increase the temperature of exhaust gas supplied to the oxidation catalyst (see Patent Documents 5 to 9).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3012249 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-263051 A [Patent Document 3]
JP 2002-30924 A [Patent Document 4]
JP 2002-35587 A [Patent Document 5]
JP-A-8-42325 [Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-222009 [Patent Document 7]
JP-A-9-317440 [Patent Document 8]
JP-A-10-272324 [Patent Document 9]
JP-A-2002-97930
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The use of a heating means to oxidize or burn light oil as described above complicates the structure and control of the apparatus, and is not preferable in terms of cost. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to sufficiently exhibit the oxidation and combustion performance of light oil even in a low exhaust gas temperature range where it was necessary to raise the temperature by the heating means. It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxidation catalyst which not only eliminates the necessity but also practically retains oxidation performance for a long period of time and has excellent heat resistance and durability.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention
An oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion, which is accommodated in an exhaust gas path of a diesel engine together with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CSF) and disposed upstream of the catalyzed diesel particulate filter, wherein platinum is converted to γ- Provided is an oxidation catalyst for gas oil combustion (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “DOC”) comprising a ceramic structure supporting a catalyst component supported on an Al 2 O 3 / La 2 O 3 mixed carrier.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
First, an outline of a system to which the oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion according to the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the system shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example of the embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to this.
[0011]
DOC 2 and CSF 3 are accommodated in the diesel exhaust gas path 1. Exhaust gas flows from the upstream side as shown by an arrow, and sequentially passes through DOC 2 and then CSF 3 to form a muffler (not shown). From the atmosphere.
[0012]
Any known CSF can be used. For example, a material made of a porous ceramic such as cordierite and coated with γ-alumina or the like and further supporting a noble metal element such as platinum, palladium or rhodium can be used. In addition, it has a large number of cells in the exhaust flow direction, each cell is closed at one end on the exhaust gas inflow side or the outflow side, and each cell is combined, for example, to have a checkerboard-like structure. It is an array. The exhaust gas can pass through the porous wall of each cell, but the fine particles are trapped by the CSF.
[0013]
Although not shown, a means for measuring a differential pressure before and after the CSF 3 is provided, and the accumulation state of the fine particles in the CSF can be detected based on the differential pressure value. When the accumulation of fine particles increases and the differential pressure value exceeds a certain limit, light oil is injected and supplied into the exhaust gas under the control of the engine control unit (ECU) when the relationship such as operating conditions is satisfied. The light oil is supplied by injecting (post-injection) light oil metered during the exhaust process from the expansion stroke into the diesel engine cylinder separately from normal light oil injection, and unburned light oil is supplied from the engine. You may carry out so that it may be contained in exhaust gas. Also, as shown in FIG. 1, a diesel fuel injection valve 4 may be separately provided in the diesel exhaust gas path 1 so that the metered diesel fuel is injected from the diesel fuel injector.
[0014]
The light oil-containing exhaust gas is oxidized and burned by the DOC 2 of the present invention, turned into a high-temperature gas, supplied to the CSF 3, and burns and removes the fine particles deposited on the CSF 3 by gasification. Thus, reproduction of CSF 3 becomes possible.
[0015]
[Oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion (DOC)]
The DOC of the present invention is a heat-resistant three-dimensional structure supporting a catalyst component obtained by supporting platinum on a γ-Al 2 O 3 / La 2 O 3 mixed carrier.
As the heat-resistant three-dimensional structure, known materials can be used. For example, the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, triangular, or formed from a heat-resistant material such as ceramic such as cordierite or metal such as stainless steel. An aggregate of connected cells such as a honeycomb, a ceramic foam, a wire mesh, a metal foam, or the like can be used. Among them, a honeycomb monolith is preferable.
[0016]
As the catalyst component of the present invention, it is necessary and important to use La 2 O 3 in combination with γ-Al 2 O 3 as a platinum carrier. When La 2 O 3 is used in combination, not only can the combustion temperature of light oil be lowered, but also a DOC excellent in heat resistance and durability can be obtained. As the amount of La 2 O 3 used, the composition (weight ratio) of the γ-Al 2 O 3 / La 2 O 3 mixed carrier is preferably 99/1 to 90/10, more preferably 99/1 to 98. / 2 is preferable.
[0017]
The γ-Al 2 O 3 is a component of the mixed carrier, (by the BET method, hereinafter the same) specific surface area, it is preferable to use those which are 100 to 250 m 2 / g, further, 200~250m 2 / It is more preferable to use g. By setting the specific surface area of γ-Al 2 O 3 within the above range, platinum can be stabilized in a highly dispersed state, a catalyst having high heat resistance can be obtained, and light oil can be burned from a low temperature. Can be.
[0018]
The amount of the catalyst component (including platinum) supported on the heat-resistant three-dimensional structure is preferably 150 to 250 g / L, and more preferably 100 to 200 g / L. It is 2.0 to 4.0 g / L, and preferably 2.5 to 3.5 g / L.
[0019]
In preparing the catalyst of the present invention, for example, first, a mixed powder of γ-Al 2 O 3 / La 2 O 3 and an aqueous solution of diammineplatinum (II) nitrite are mixed and then dried. Next, water is mixed to prepare a slurry, for example, wash-coated on a ceramic honeycomb, dried, and fired to obtain a DOC.
[0020]
【Example】
[Example 1]
Γ-Al 2 O 3 having a specific surface area of 143 m 2 / g (hereinafter referred to as “alumina 1”), γ-Al 2 O 3 having a specific surface area of 157 m 2 / g (hereinafter referred to as “alumina 2”), and a specific ratio La 2 O 3 -containing γ-Al 2 O 3 having a surface area of 220 m 2 / g (γ-Al 2 O 3 / La 2 O 3 (weight ratio) = 98.4 / 1.6) (hereinafter, “alumina 3”) Was mixed at a ratio of 100: 74: 200 (weight ratio). The average specific surface area in the total of alumina 1 to alumina 3 was 182 m 2 / g.
[0021]
To the obtained mixed powder, an impregnating treatment is performed by adding a 20% by weight aqueous solution of diammineplatinum nitrite (II) in an amount such that the amount of platinum metal element in the total amount of the mixed powder and 1.75% by weight is added. Then, water was dried and removed to obtain a powdery platinum-supported catalyst component. This is designated as [catalyst component 1].
[0022]
[Platinum-supported catalyst component 1] 86 parts of water and 7.6 parts of acetic acid were added to 100 parts by weight, followed by stirring and mixing to prepare a slurry. This slurry was wash-coated on a commercially available ceramic honeycomb carrier A (300 cpsi, wall thickness: 8 mil), dried, and calcined at 450 ° C. for 0.5 hour to obtain a catalyzed carrier. This is designated as [oxidation catalyst 1].
The content of platinum metal in [oxidation catalyst 1] was 3.5 g / L, and the content of [platinum-carrying catalyst component 1] was 200 g / L.
[0023]
[Example 2]
In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the honeycomb carrier B (400 cpsi, wall thickness: 6 mil) was used instead of the honeycomb carrier A (300 cpsi, wall thickness: 8 mil) described in Example 1, [Oxidation catalyst 2] was obtained.
[0024]
[Comparative Example 1]
[Comparative oxidation catalyst] in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only alumina 1 having the same weight as the total amount of each of the aluminas was used instead of alumina 1, alumina 2 and alumina 3 described in Example 1 1]. (Using honeycomb carrier A)
[0025]
[Comparative Example 2]
[Comparative catalyst component 2] is obtained by using only alumina 1 having the same weight as the total amount of each of the aluminas in place of alumina 1, alumina 2 and alumina 3 described in Example 1, and [Comparative oxidation catalyst 2] was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the content of [Catalyst component 2] was changed to 100 g / L. (Using honeycomb carrier A)
[0026]
[Comparative Example 3]
[Comparative Oxidation Catalyst 3] in Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 2 except that only alumina 1 having the same weight as the total amount of the aluminas was used instead of alumina 1, alumina 2 and alumina 3 Got. (Using honeycomb carrier B)
[0027]
[Comparative Example 4]
The amount of alumina 1, alumina 2, and alumina 3 described in Example 1 was changed to 100: 160: 80 (weight ratio), and a powdery platinum-carrying catalyst component was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. . This was further mixed with CeO 2 . The content of CeO 2 relative to the total amount including CeO 2 was 55% by weight. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, [Comparative oxidation catalyst 4] was obtained. (Using honeycomb carrier A)
[0028]
[Comparative Example 5]
A powdery platinum-carrying catalyst component was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amounts of alumina 1, alumina 2 and alumina 3 described in Example 2 were changed to 100: 100: 150 (weight ratio). . The MFI-type zeolite was further mixed with this. The zeolite content was 43.7% by weight based on the total amount including the zeolite. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 2, [Comparative oxidation catalyst 5] was obtained. (Using honeycomb carrier B)
[0029]
[Comparative Example 6]
To the TiO 2 powder, an impregnating treatment is performed by adding a 20 wt% aqueous solution of diammineplatinum nitrite (II) in an amount such that the amount of the platinum metal element in the total amount of the powder and the powder becomes 5.5 wt%. The water was dried and removed to obtain a platinum-supported catalyst component of TiO 2 . The above zeolite was further mixed with this. The zeolite content based on the total amount including the zeolite was 45.5% by weight. After that, [Comparative oxidation catalyst 6] was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. (Using honeycomb carrier B)
[0030]
[Comparative Example 7]
Described in Example 2, alumina 1, in place of the alumina 2 and alumina 3, wherein except for using only TiO 2 in the same weight as the total amount of each alumina, in the same manner as in Example 2, Comparative oxidation catalyst 1]. (Using honeycomb carrier B)
[0031]
[Catalyst performance evaluation method]
The evaluation of the light oil combustion performance of the oxidation catalysts obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples was performed under the following conditions.
[0032]
<Evaluation Examples 1 and 2>
・ Catalyst capacity: diameter 143.8 mm x length 152.4 mm (2480 ml)
・ Evaluation engine capacity: 5L
-Light oil addition amount: 3.5 ml / min-Heating rate: 15 ° C / min-Space velocity (SV): 120,000 h -1 or more-Endurance test conditions: Continuous addition of light oil on actual engine, catalyst bed temperature: 750 ° C, 100 hours
<Evaluation example 3>
・ Catalyst capacity: diameter 143.8 mm x length 152.4 mm (2480 ml)
・ Evaluation engine capacity: 5L
-Light oil addition amount: 15 ml / min, 20 ml / min, 25 ml / min-Evaluation temperature: 250 ° C
[0034]
<Evaluation Example 4>
・ Catalyst capacity: 24 mm in diameter x 66 mm in length (29.8 ml)
Model gas composition: NO (300 ppm), hydrocarbon (HC) (propylene 80 ppm + propane 20 ppm), CO (300 ppm), O 2 (10 vol%), CO 2 (6 vol%), H 2 O ( 6 vol%), N 2 (residual)
-Space velocity (SV): 40,000 h -1 or more-Heating rate: 30 ° C / min
[Evaluation results]
<Evaluation Example 1>
Table 1 shows the light oil combustion performance of [oxidation catalyst 1], [comparative oxidation catalyst 1], [comparative oxidation catalyst 2], and [comparative oxidation catalyst 4] using honeycomb carrier A (300 cpsi). It is clear that the combustion of light oil starts at the lowest temperature in the [oxidation catalyst 1] of Example 1, and the temperature rise by light oil combustion is fast. From this, it is clear that the use of La-containing alumina (alumina 3) and high specific surface area alumina (alumina 2) as the platinum carrier improves gas oil combustion performance.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004290827
[0037]
<Evaluation Example 2>
Table 2 shows the light oil combustion performance of [oxidation catalyst 1] and [comparative oxidation catalyst 1] using honeycomb carrier A (300 cpsi) and [comparative oxidation catalyst 3] using honeycomb carrier B (400 cpsi). Was. In comparison between Comparative Examples 1 and 3, which differ only in the cell density, it can be seen that the honeycomb carrier B having a higher honeycomb cell density has higher light oil combustion performance.
[0038]
However, despite the fact that the honeycomb carrier A having a low honeycomb cell density was used, it was clear that in Example 1, the light oil combustion performance was higher than that of Comparative Example 3, indicating excellent performance. When an actual vehicle is assumed, clogging of cells in the honeycomb may be caused by soot and soluble organic substances (SOF) discharged from the engine. Therefore, in order to avoid this clogging, a cell having a lower cell density is preferable. It is advantageous. Therefore, although the cell density is low, the practical advantage that the [oxidation catalyst 1] of Example 1 exhibits excellent light oil combustion performance as compared with other catalysts is apparent.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004290827
[0040]
The operation was performed under the above conditions (750 ° C., 100 hours) while continuously adding light oil, and the results of the durability test are shown in Table 3. As is clear from the comparison with Comparative Example 1, [Oxidation Catalyst 1] of Example 1 maintained excellent light oil combustion performance even after the continuous operation, indicating that it had excellent durability performance.
[0041]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004290827
[0042]
<Evaluation example 3>
The catalyst bed temperature for a fixed time (after 40 seconds and 100 seconds) after addition of light oil at a steady temperature (250 ° C.) was changed by changing the amount of light oil added (15 ml / min, 20 ml / min, 25 ml / min). Table 4 shows the results of the addition amount dependence of gas oil combustion on [oxidation catalyst 1], [comparative oxidation catalyst 5], [comparative oxidation catalyst 6] and [comparative oxidation catalyst 7].
[0043]
In the catalysts of Comparative Examples 5, 6, and 7, basically, at a steady temperature (250 ° C.), the catalyst bed temperature (after 40 seconds) decreases as the amount of light oil added increases. In addition, the temperature at 100 seconds after the addition of light oil is lower than the temperature at 40 seconds after addition of light oil. This indicates that since the light oil combustion performance of each catalyst was not sufficient for the amount of light oil added, light oil combustion on the catalyst could not be maintained and a misfire occurred.
[0044]
On the other hand, in the catalyst of Example 1, the catalyst bed temperature (after 40 seconds) increases as the addition amount of light oil increases, and further, at any light oil addition amount, the temperature becomes lower than the temperature 40 seconds after addition of light oil. The temperature after 100 seconds has risen. That is, it is clear that the [oxidation catalyst 1] of Example 1 has excellent light oil combustion performance and can not only maintain the combustion of light oil, but also can continuously burn light oil even when the amount of added light oil is large. .
[0045]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004290827
[0046]
<Evaluation Example 4>
[Oxidation catalyst 1] and [Comparative oxidation catalyst 1] were subjected to a durability test of catalytic performance at a temperature of 800 ° C. At a temperature of 800 ° C., a model gas was passed through the catalyst after 1250 hours and after 3000 hours, and the temperature was raised at a rate of temperature increase of 30 ° C./min, when the conversion of HC reached 50%. The temperatures are shown in Table 5. From this result, it is clear that [Oxidation catalyst 1] of Example 1 maintains excellent performance even after 3000 hours at a high temperature of 800 ° C.
[0047]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004290827
[0048]
<Reference>
Alumina 1 to alumina 3 used for catalyst preparation were heat-treated at 900 ° C., 1000 ° C. and 1100 ° C. for 6 hours, and their specific surface areas were measured.
[0049]
Alumina 2 and Alumina 3, which have a higher specific surface area in the initial state than Alumina 1, maintain their superiority even after high-temperature treatment at 1100 ° C., since the decrease in the specific surface area is relatively small. are doing. This indicates that the use of alumina having a high specific surface area can provide an oxidation catalyst with improved light oil combustion performance. In particular, the use of alumina 3 containing La and having improved heat resistance is used. As a result, the durability of the oxidation catalyst is also improved, which suggests that the [oxidation catalyst 1] of Example 1 has superior performance as compared with the catalysts of the comparative examples.
[0050]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004290827
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
By using the oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion of the present invention, light oil can be burned even at a relatively low temperature, and the generated high temperature gas forcibly removes fine particles (such as soot) trapped in the catalyzed diesel particulate filter. The filter can be regenerated by burning. Therefore, there is no need to separately provide a heating means for the exhaust gas during the combustion of the injected light oil. Further, the oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion of the present invention not only has excellent light oil combustion performance, but also has heat resistance and durability that can maintain the light oil combustion performance of Example 1 even by long-term continuous operation of the diesel engine. It is excellent.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing an outline of a case where an oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion of the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas path of a diesel engine.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Diesel exhaust gas path 2 Oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion (DOC)
3 Catalytic diesel particulate filter (CSF)
4 Light oil injection valve 4

Claims (5)

ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス経路内に触媒化ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタとともに収容され、前記触媒化ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタよりも上流側に配設される軽油燃焼用酸化触媒であって、白金をγ−Al/La混合担体に担持させてなる触媒成分を担持した耐熱性3次元構造体からなる軽油燃焼用酸化触媒。An oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion, which is accommodated in a diesel engine exhaust gas path together with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter and disposed upstream of the catalyzed diesel particulate filter, wherein platinum is converted to γ-Al 2 O. An oxidation catalyst for burning light oil comprising a heat-resistant three-dimensional structure supporting a catalyst component supported on a 3 / La 2 O 3 mixed carrier. 前記耐熱性3次元構造体が、150〜250g/Lの前記触媒成分を担持している請求項1に記載の軽油燃焼用酸化触媒。The oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant three-dimensional structure supports 150 to 250 g / L of the catalyst component. 前記耐熱性3次元構造体が、2.0〜4.0g/Lの白金を担持している請求項1に記載の軽油燃焼用酸化触媒。The oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant three-dimensional structure supports 2.0 to 4.0 g / L of platinum. 前記γ−Al/La混合担体の組成が、重量比で99/1〜90/10である請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の軽油燃焼用酸化触媒。The oxidation catalyst for gas oil combustion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition of the γ-Al 2 O 3 / La 2 O 3 mixed carrier is 99/1 to 90/10 by weight ratio. 前記γ−Alの比表面積が、100〜250m/gである請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の軽油燃焼用酸化触媒。The oxidation catalyst for light oil combustion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the specific surface area of the γ-Al 2 O 3 is 100 to 250 m 2 / g.
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WO2007114082A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-11 Ict Co., Ltd. Method of purifying exhaust gas from internal combustion engine
WO2008093471A1 (en) 2007-02-01 2008-08-07 Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Catalyst system for use in exhaust gas purification apparatus for automobiles, exhaust gas purification apparatus using the catalyst system, and exhaust gas purification method
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