JP2004290860A - Method for neutralizing acidic waste liquid containing metal ions - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃液処理、より詳しくは金属イオンを含む酸性廃液、例えば、酸洗廃液および酸性浴によるめっき廃液、の中和処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
多様な産業において金属イオンを含む酸性廃液が発生するが、特に鉄鋼関連産業では、鋼板等の鋼材の酸洗やめっきを含む多くの処理において、そのような酸性廃液が大量に発生している。
【0003】
金属イオンを含む酸性廃液の処理は、アルカリ剤で中和し、発生する金属水酸化物のスラッジ(汚泥)をシックナー等で沈降分離することにより行われるのが普通である。分離されたスラッジの多くは、産業廃棄物として、多額の費用をかけて埋立て処理等により処分される。
【0004】
このような酸性廃液の中和処理法に対して、多くの改良がこれまでに提案されている。その1つとして、特開2000−325969号公報には、フッ酸と硫酸を含有する酸性廃液に対して、最初にアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を主成分とする中和剤を投入してフッ酸を沈殿させ、次にアルカリ金属水酸化物を主成分とする中和剤を投入する方法が提案されている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】特開2000−325969号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
金属イオンを含む酸性廃液の中和処理では、コストがかかる埋立て処理費用を低減するために、スラッジ量そのものを低減することが求められている。
【0007】
金属イオンを含む酸性廃液の中和に用いるアルカリ剤として最もよく使用されているのが、消石灰や生石灰などの安価なアルカリ土類金属の酸化物や水酸化物である。しかし、これらのアルカリ土類金属化合物は、比較的水に溶けにくい上、或る種の酸アニオンと反応すると表面に不働態膜を形成し易いので、未溶解のアルカリ剤が残り易く、アルカリ剤そのものがスラッジ化するため、スラッジ量が増えるという問題があった。
【0008】
一方、水によく溶けてスラッジ化しないアルカリ剤として、苛性ソーダなどのアルカリ金属水酸化物がある。しかし、アルカリ金属水酸化物で前記酸性廃液を中和すると、ふわふわとして沈降・分離しにくいスラッジが生成するため、処理に時間がかかる上、スラッジを完全に分離できず、その一部がスラッジから分離された排液に混入して公共水域に流出し、公害を引き起こす懸念がある。そのため、スラッジ量が増えても、消石灰を使用して酸性廃液を中和処理するのが普通である。
【0009】
従って、安価なアルカリ剤を用いて、沈降分離性が良く、同時にスラッジ発生量が少なくなる前記酸性廃液の中和処理方法はいまだになかった。本発明は、このような中和処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、アルカリ金属化合物とアルカリ土類金属化合物という安価な汎用のアルカリ剤の両方を用いて、単にその添加順序を特定することにより上記目的を達成できることを見出した。
【0011】
具体的には、本発明は、金属イオンを含む酸性廃液を中和処理する方法であって、前記廃液を、水酸化物および酸化物から選ばれたアルカリ金属化合物を主成分とする第1のアルカリ剤で処理した後、水酸化物および酸化物から選ばれたアルカリ土類金属化合物を主成分とする第2のアルカリ剤で処理することを特徴とする方法である。
【0012】
前述したように、金属イオンを含む酸性廃液に代表的なアルカリ剤である消石灰を添加すると、生成するスラッジの沈降性はよいが、スラッジ量が増えてしまう。一方、苛性ソーダをアルカリ剤として使用すると、スラッジ量は少ないものの、軽くて沈みにくいスラッジが生成し、スラッジの分離に手間がかかり、スラッジを分離した後の排液による公共水域への汚染の問題も残る。
【0013】
そこで、消石灰と苛性ソーダとの混合物を用いて中和処理したところ、スラッジの沈降性が悪く、なおかつスラッジ量も消石灰単独に比べて増えてしまう結果となった。また、特開2000−325969号公報に提案されているように、最初にアルカリ土類金属水酸化物である消石灰で中和処理し、次にアルカリ金属水酸化物である苛性ソーダで中和処理した場合も、上と同様に、スラッジの沈降性が悪く、スラッジ量も増えることがわかった。
【0014】
これに対し、予想外にも、先に苛性ソーダで中和処理し、その後で消石灰を添加するという順序で中和処理を行うと、沈降が早く、スラッジも半減するという極めて望ましい結果が得られた。その理由は現状では全く不明である。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で処理の対象となる金属イオンを含む酸性廃液としては、各種鋼材の酸洗廃液、各種の酸性めっき廃液などが挙げられるが、これらに制限されるものではない。金属イオンは、アルカリ性で沈殿するものであり、典型的には重金属である。アルカリ剤となるアルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属、ならびにZnやAl等の両性金属のイオンは、上記金属イオンから除外される。
【0016】
本発明の中和処理方法が特に適している酸性廃液の例は、Ni、Cr、Fe等の重金属イオンとフッ素イオンを含有している、硝酸と硫酸の混合系のステンレス鋼板酸洗廃液、並びに酸性ニッケルめっき液等の酸性 (例、硫酸酸性) 重金属めっき液の廃液である。
【0017】
上記の酸性廃液の中和に使用するアルカリ剤は、アルカリ金属化合物を主成分とするアルカリ剤と、アルカリ土類金属化合物を主成分とするアルカリ剤の2種類である。これらの金属化合物としては、酸性廃液中で可溶性の化合物を使用する。好ましくはアルカリ金属化合物とアルカリ土類金属化合物のいずれも水酸化物であるが、酸化物であってもよい。アルカリ金属とアルカリ土類金属のいずれについても、1種または2種以上の化合物を使用することができる。
【0018】
アルカリ剤に使用するのが好ましい化合物は、安価であることから、アルカリ金属化合物が苛性ソーダ (水酸化ナトリウム) 、アルカリ土類金属化合物は消石灰 (水酸化カルシウム) である。以下では、苛性ソーダでアルカリ金属化合物を、消石灰でアルカリ土類金属化合物をそれぞれ代表させて本発明を説明するが、他の適当な化合物 (例、酸化物、または他のアルカリ金属もしくはアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物) に変更するか、それを併用することも可能であることはいうまでもない。
【0019】
苛性ソーダ (および他のアルカリ金属水酸化物および酸化物) は水によく溶け、スラッジにならないので、それだけをアルカリ剤として使用すると、消石灰だけを使用した場合に比べて、スラッジ量は低減する。一方、消石灰 (および他のアルカリ土類金属水酸化物) は、水にとけにくいので一部がスラッジとなってしまう一方、その不溶分が凝集効果を有するため、スラッジの沈降分離が促進される。従って、消石灰だけを使用した場合には、スラッジ量は多いものの、スラッジの沈降性がよく、スラッジを分離した後の排液は、濁りや汚染が少ない。
【0020】
しかし、この両者を同時に使用するか、あるいは最初に消石灰、次に苛性ソーダの順序で中和処理に使用すると、スラッジ量の低減とスラッジの沈降分離の促進のいずれの作用も得ることができない。これに対し、本発明に従って、最初に苛性ソーダ、次に消石灰の順序で使用した場合だけに、スラッジ量の低減とスラッジの沈降分離の促進の両方の作用を得ることができる。
【0021】
従って、本発明では、金属イオンを含む酸性廃液を、まず苛性ソーダを主成分とする第1のアルカリ剤で中和処理する。第1のアルカリ剤は、苛性ソーダが主成分である限り、酸性廃液の中和を阻害しない他の成分、特にアルカリ性成分を含有していてもよい。例えば、第2のアルカリ剤に使用する消石灰を、苛性ソーダより質量%で少ない量、好ましくは苛性ソーダの40%以下、より好ましくは20%以下、さらに好ましくは10%以下の量で含有していてもよい。
【0022】
次に使用する第2のアルカリ剤は消石灰を主成分とするものである。これも同様に、消石灰が主成分である限り、酸性廃液の中和を阻害しない他の成分、特にアルカリ性成分を含有していてもよい。例えば、第1のアルカリ剤に使用する苛性ソーダを、消石灰より質量%で少ない量、好ましくは消石灰の40%以下、より好ましくは20%以下、さらに好ましくは10%以下の量で含有していてもよい。
【0023】
第1および第2のアルカリ剤は、固形の薬品をそのまま使用することもできるが、生成スラッジ量が少し多くなるので、予め薬品を水に溶解させた水溶液状態でアルカリ剤を使用する方が好ましい。但し、第2のアルカリ剤では、消石灰は完全に溶解させる必要はなく、一部が未溶解のままでよい。水溶液とする場合の好ましいアルカリ剤の濃度 (質量%) は、苛性ソーダを主成分とする第1のアルカリ剤が48%以下、より好ましくは10〜20%の範囲であり、消石灰を主成分とする第2のアルカリ剤は30%以下、より好ましくは10〜25%の範囲である。第1のアルカリ剤の濃度が48%を超えると、アルカリ剤が低温で固化する可能性がある。第2のアルカリ剤の濃度が30%を超えると、水への溶解度が低くなりすぎ、中和に要する薬剤量が多くなる上、スラッジ量も増える。
【0024】
第1および第2のアルカリ剤はいずれも、薬品と水を用いて新たに調製したものでもよく、適当な材料があれば、廃棄物または廃液を利用して調製したものでもよい。
【0025】
金属イオンを含む酸性廃液に、まず、苛性ソーダを主成分とする第1のアルカリ剤による中和処理 (第1段の中和処理) を行う。第1段の中和処理の終点は、液pHが、廃液中の金属イオンが水酸化物になるpH域に達する点とすることが好ましい。このpH域は、液中の金属種、そのイオンの価数、および濃度によって異なるので、第1段の中和処理の終点は酸性廃液の種類によって変わる。第1段の中和の終点は、例えば、ステンレス工場からの酸性廃液 (硝酸/硫酸系酸洗廃液) の場合はpH3程度、めっき工場からの硫酸ニッケル酸性廃液の場合はpH8程度とすることが好ましい。
【0026】
第1段の中和処理を受けた廃液は、液中の金属イオンが水酸化物として沈殿しているが、その沈殿は軽く、沈降しにくい。そこで、次に、この廃液に対して消石灰を主成分とする第2のアルカリ剤による中和処理 (第2段の中和処理) を行う。それにより、第1段の中和処理で生じた沈殿が沈降し、さらに溶存するフッ素イオン、硫酸イオン、炭酸イオンなどの酸アニオンも沈殿させる。第2段の中和処理の終点は、沈殿がこれ以上は生成しなくなる点とすることが好ましい。この終点も、第1段の中和処理の場合と同様に変わるが、例えば、ステンレス工場からの酸性廃液の場合はpH7程度、めっき工場からの硫酸ニッケル酸性廃液の場合はpH10程度とすることが好ましい。
【0027】
第1段および第2段の中和処理は、いずれも常法に従って、攪拌槽内の酸性廃液にアルカリ剤を添加することにより実施すればよい。必要に応じて、第1段の中和処理の前に、酸性廃液に適当な前処理 (例、還元処理) を実施してもよい。第2段の中和処理が済んだ廃液 (もはや酸性ではない) は、その槽内で、または沈降槽に移して、静置し、沈殿を凝集・沈降させると、下部のスラッジと上部の上水に分離する。槽の底部から抜き取ったスラッジは、例えば、汚泥貯槽に貯めた後、フィルタープレスで水分を除去し、産業廃棄物として埋立て処分する。
【0028】
図1に、ステンレス工場においてステンレス鋼板の酸洗工程から排出される酸性廃液を本発明に従って連続的に中和処理する場合の処理流れの1例を示す。酸性廃液はまず還元槽にて亜硫酸ナトリウムによる還元処理を受け、Cr6+をCr3+に還元する。その後、酸性廃液は、第1槽および第2槽でそれぞれ第1段および第2段の中和処理を上記のように受ける。第2槽を出た廃液は沈降槽に移され、そこでスラッジを凝集・沈降させた後、下部からスラッジが抜き取られ、汚泥貯槽に移される。汚泥貯槽に溜まったスラッジは、フィルタープレスで脱水すると産廃スラッジとなり、埋立て処分することができる。
【0029】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
ステンレス鋼板の酸洗工程から出た、下記のようにイオン状元素を含有する酸性廃液 (pH 1.0) を、濃度17% (質量%、以下同じ) の苛性ソーダ水溶液 (第1のアルカリ剤) および/または濃度25%の消石灰水溶液 (消石灰は完全には溶解せず)(第2のアルカリ剤) を用いて、各種の試験方法で中和処理した。
【0030】
供試酸性廃液の元素含有量:
Fe: 17,000 ppm, Ni: 6,000 ppm, Cr: 630 ppm, F: 1,500 ppm
試験方法:
(a) 25%消石灰水溶液のみで中和処理、
(b) 17%苛性ソーダ水溶液のみで中和処理、
(c) 25%消石灰水溶液による第1段の中和処理後に、17%苛性ソーダ水溶液で第2段の中和処理、
(d) 17%苛性ソーダ水溶液による第1段の中和処理後に、25%消石灰水溶液による第2段の中和処理。
【0031】
上記 (a)〜(c) の方法は比較例であり、(d) の方法が本発明例である。中和は最終的に液pHが7.0 になるように行い、(c) と(d) では、第1段の中和処理は液pHが3.0 になるまで行い、次いで第2段の中和処理を液pHが7.0 になるまで行った。
【0032】
具体的には、各試験において上記酸性廃液800 mlを使用し、下記のジャーテストにより、上記 (a)〜(d) の4試験を同時に実施した。
ジャーテストの要領:
(1) ビーカーに酸性廃液800 mlを入れる;
(2) ビーカーをジャーテスト装置に載置し、攪拌機で攪拌しながら、アルカリ剤を所定のpHになるまで添加する。試験(c) と(d) では、第1段の中和処理のアルカリ剤を所定pH (3.0)になるまで加え、次に直ちに第2段の中和処理のアルカリ剤をpH7.0 になるまで加える。
【0033】
(3) pHが7.0 になったら、ビーカー内の廃液を1000 ml のメスシリンダに移して静置し、以下の評価を (a)〜(d) の4試験について同時に行う。
評価方法:
(1) スラッジ量:静置30分後のスラッジと上澄み (上水) との境界面をメスシリンダの目盛りで読取って、スラッジ量とする;
(2) 上水の濁り:静置後30分間を目視観察し、30分後の上水の濁りの有無で判定 (◎:現状より良好、○:現状と同じ、×:現状より悪い) ;
(3) 沈降性:静置後30分間を目視観察して判定 (◎:現状より良好、○:現状と同じ、×:現状より悪い) ;
(4) 上水成分:環境水域への排出量の規制が厳しいCr6+およびF (フッ素イオン) の含有量 (mg/l) を分析 (Cr6+は0.1 未満、Fは15未満が規制範囲内で○、それを超えると×) 。
【0034】
上記の評価における「現状」とは、通常の方法である消石灰水溶液のみを使用した試験(a) の結果を意味する。
以上の評価結果を、スラッジ量および薬品コストの相対値 (消石灰水溶液のみを使用した試験(a) の結果を基準値 (±0%) とした時の%) と共に、次の表1に示す。
【0035】
【表1】
【0036】
表1からわかるように、本発明に従って、最初に苛性ソーダ水溶液で、次に消石灰水溶液で中和処理した試験(d) では、通常の方法である消石灰水溶液のみで中和処理した試験(a) に比べて、スラッジ量が53%も減少し、半分以下となった。その上、苛性ソーダ水溶液を最初に使用したにもかかわらず沈降性がよく、もともと沈降性のよい試験(a) よりさらに沈降性が改善され、上水濁りも同様に改善された。上水の成分分析結果も良好であり、薬品コストも試験(a) より改善された。
【0037】
一方、苛性ソーダ水溶液のみで中和処理した試験(b) では、スラッジ量の点は試験(d) に劣るものの、かなりよい結果が得られたが、沈降性が非常に悪く、上水成分にFの大半が残留していた。また、本発明例である試験(d) とはアルカリ剤の添加順序を逆にした試験(c) では、スラッジ量が試験(a) よりさらに増大する上、沈降性にも劣り、上水に濁りが見られ、二段中和を行ったにもかかわらず、試験(a) よりさらに悪い結果となった。
【0038】
以上から明らかなように、本発明に従って、最初に苛性ソーダ水溶液、次に消石灰水溶液という順序で中和処理を行うことが重要であり、この場合だけにスラッジ量の低減と良好な沈降性の両方を得ることができる。
【0039】
(実施例2)
実施例1の試験方法(d)(本発明例) に従って二段階の中和処理を行ったが、本例では、第1のアルカリ剤と第2のアルカリ剤の一方または両方の水溶液に、他方のアルカリ剤成分を少量添加した。具体的には、使用したアルカリ剤は次の通りであった。供試酸性廃液と評価方法は実施例1と同様であったが、上水成分の分析は実施しなかった。試験結果を、従来例である実施例1の試験(a) の結果と一緒に表2に示す。
【0040】
試験(d1):
第1のアルカリ剤: 15%苛性ソーダ+2%消石灰を含有する水溶液、
第2のアルカリ剤:25%消石灰水溶液;
試験(d2):
第1のアルカリ剤: 17%苛性ソーダ水溶液、
第2のアルカリ剤:23%消石灰と2%苛性ソーダを含有する水溶液;
試験(d3):
第1のアルカリ剤: 15%苛性ソーダ+2%消石灰を含有する水溶液、
第2のアルカリ剤:23%消石灰と2%苛性ソーダを含有する水溶液。
【0041】
【表2】
【0042】
表2に示すように、第1および第2の一方または両方のアルカリ剤が、他方のアルカリ剤成分を少量含有していても、その含有がない実施例1の試験(d) と遜色のない結果が得られた。従って、少量であれば他成分の添加または置換が許容できることがわかる。
【0043】
(実施例3)
第1および第2のアルカリ剤を水溶液ではなく、固形のまま使用した点を除いて、それぞれ実施例1の試験 (a)〜(d) と同様に試験(a’)〜(d’)の中和処理を行った。供試酸性廃液は実施例1で使用したのと同じステンレス鋼板の酸洗廃液であった。実施例2と同様の試験結果を表3に示す。
【0044】
【表3】
【0045】
表3からわかるように、(a’)〜(d’)のいずれの試験でも、同じアルカリ剤を水溶液として使用した実施例1の対応する試験 (a)〜(d) に比べてスラッジ量が増えた。しかし、(a’)〜(d’)の試験結果の傾向は実施例の試験 (a)〜(d) と同様であり、本発明例である試験(d’)だけが、スラッジ量の低減とスラッジの沈降性の改善の両方を達成することができた。
【0046】
(実施例4)
供試廃液として、6.5 %のNiイオンを含有する硫酸酸性のニッケルめっき廃液を使用して、それぞれ実施例1 (a)〜(d) と同様に試験(a”)〜(d”)の中和処理を行った。但し、供試廃液の量は500 mlであり、第1段中和の終点はpH 8.0、第2段中和の終点はpH 10.0 とした。試験結果を表4に示す。
【0047】
【表4】
【0048】
表4においても、試験結果は表1と同様の傾向を示し、比較例である試験(a”)〜(c”)では、スラッジ量が多いか、および/または沈降性が悪かった。この結果から、本発明の中和処理方法は、酸洗廃液だけでなく、めっき廃液といった別の種類の酸洗廃液の中和処理にも有効であることがわかる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、安価な汎用のアルカリ剤を使用して、大きな設備改造をせずに、通常に行われる消石灰での中和に比べて、下記の大きな効果を得ることができる:
(1) 現状以上に沈降性のよいスラッジがが形成でき、処理水の清透性がよくなる;
(2) スラッジ発生量を約1/2に削減できる;
(3) 中和用の薬品コストは現状と同等か、より低く抑えられる。
【0050】
これらの付帯効果として、有用金属のリサイクルが可能となり、シックナーや脱水装置に余力ができるため、設備集約や投資抑制が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ステンレス鋼板の酸洗廃液に本発明の中和処理方法を適用した場合の処理の流れの一例を示す説明図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste liquid treatment, and more particularly to a neutralization treatment method for an acidic waste liquid containing metal ions, for example, a pickling waste liquid and a plating waste liquid by an acidic bath.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In various industries, acidic waste liquids containing metal ions are generated. Particularly in steel-related industries, a large amount of such acidic waste liquids are generated in many processes including pickling and plating of steel materials such as steel sheets.
[0003]
The treatment of the acidic waste liquid containing metal ions is usually carried out by neutralizing with an alkali agent and sedimenting and separating the generated metal hydroxide sludge with a thickener or the like. Most of the separated sludge is disposed of as industrial waste by landfill processing or the like at a high cost.
[0004]
Many improvements have been proposed for neutralizing the acid waste liquid. As one example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-325969 discloses that an acidic waste liquid containing hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid is first charged with a neutralizer mainly composed of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide. There has been proposed a method in which an acid is precipitated and then a neutralizing agent mainly composed of an alkali metal hydroxide is added.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-325969
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the neutralization treatment of acidic waste liquid containing metal ions, it is required to reduce the amount of sludge itself in order to reduce costly landfill treatment costs.
[0007]
Inexpensive alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides such as slaked lime and quicklime are most often used as an alkaline agent for neutralizing acidic waste liquids containing metal ions. However, these alkaline earth metal compounds are relatively insoluble in water and easily form a passive film on the surface when reacted with certain acid anions, so that an undissolved alkaline agent is likely to remain. Since the product itself becomes sludge, there is a problem that the amount of sludge increases.
[0008]
On the other hand, there is an alkali metal hydroxide such as caustic soda as an alkaline agent that dissolves well in water and does not sludge. However, neutralization of the acidic waste liquid with alkali metal hydroxide produces sludge that is fluffy and difficult to settle and separate, so it takes time to process and the sludge cannot be completely separated, and a part of it is removed from the sludge. There is concern that it will be mixed with the separated drainage and will flow into public waters, causing pollution. Therefore, even if the amount of sludge increases, it is common to neutralize acidic waste liquid using slaked lime.
[0009]
Therefore, there has not yet been any neutralization method for the acidic waste liquid that uses an inexpensive alkaline agent and has good sedimentation separation and at the same time reduces the amount of sludge generated. An object of this invention is to provide such a neutralization processing method.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved simply by specifying the order of addition using both inexpensive general-purpose alkaline agents such as alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds.
[0011]
Specifically, the present invention is a method for neutralizing an acidic waste liquid containing metal ions, wherein the waste liquid is a first component mainly composed of an alkali metal compound selected from hydroxides and oxides. After the treatment with an alkali agent, the treatment is performed with a second alkali agent mainly comprising an alkaline earth metal compound selected from hydroxides and oxides.
[0012]
As described above, when slaked lime, which is a typical alkaline agent, is added to an acidic waste liquid containing metal ions, the sedimentation of the generated sludge is good, but the amount of sludge increases. On the other hand, when caustic soda is used as an alkaline agent, although sludge is small, sludge that is light and difficult to sink is generated, and it takes time to separate the sludge. Remain.
[0013]
Then, when it neutralized using the mixture of slaked lime and caustic soda, the sedimentation property of sludge was bad, and also the result was that the amount of sludge increased compared with slaked lime alone. Further, as proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-325969, first, neutralization treatment was performed with slaked lime, which is an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and then neutralization treatment was performed with caustic soda, which is an alkali metal hydroxide. In this case, as in the above case, it was found that the sedimentation property of the sludge was poor and the amount of sludge increased.
[0014]
On the other hand, unexpectedly, when neutralization treatment was performed in the order of neutralizing with caustic soda first, and then adding slaked lime, a very desirable result was obtained that sedimentation was fast and sludge was halved. . The reason is completely unknown at present.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the acidic waste liquid containing metal ions to be treated in the present invention include pickling waste liquids of various steel materials, various acidic plating waste liquids, and the like, but are not limited thereto. Metal ions are alkaline and precipitate, and are typically heavy metals. Ions of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals that are alkaline agents and amphoteric metals such as Zn and Al are excluded from the above metal ions.
[0016]
Examples of acidic waste liquids for which the neutralization treatment method of the present invention is particularly suitable include stainless steel plate pickling waste liquids of a mixed system of nitric acid and sulfuric acid containing heavy metal ions such as Ni, Cr, Fe and fluorine ions, and Acidic nickel plating solution, etc. (eg, sulfuric acid acid) Waste solution of heavy metal plating solution.
[0017]
There are two types of alkali agents used for neutralization of the acidic waste liquid: an alkali agent mainly composed of an alkali metal compound and an alkali agent mainly composed of an alkaline earth metal compound. As these metal compounds, compounds that are soluble in an acidic waste liquid are used. Preferably, both the alkali metal compound and the alkaline earth metal compound are hydroxides, but may be oxides. 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of compounds can be used about any of an alkali metal and an alkaline-earth metal.
[0018]
Preferred compounds used for the alkaline agent are inexpensive, so the alkali metal compound is caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), and the alkaline earth metal compound is slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). In the following, the present invention will be described with alkali metal compounds represented by caustic soda and alkaline earth metal compounds represented by slaked lime, but other suitable compounds (eg, oxides, or other alkali metals or alkaline earth metals). It goes without saying that it is also possible to change to hydride) or to use it together.
[0019]
Caustic soda (and other alkali metal hydroxides and oxides) dissolves well in water and does not become sludge, so using it alone as an alkaline agent reduces the amount of sludge compared to using slaked lime alone. On the other hand, slaked lime (and other alkaline earth metal hydroxides) are difficult to dissolve in water and partly become sludge. On the other hand, the insoluble matter has a cohesive effect, which promotes sedimentation and separation of sludge. . Therefore, when only slaked lime is used, although the amount of sludge is large, the sludge settleability is good, and the effluent after separating the sludge is less turbid and contaminated.
[0020]
However, if both of them are used at the same time, or if they are used for neutralization treatment in the order of slaked lime and then caustic soda, neither of the actions of reducing the amount of sludge and promoting the settling of sludge can be obtained. On the other hand, according to the present invention, only when used in the order of caustic soda and then slaked lime, the effects of both reducing the amount of sludge and promoting the settling of sludge can be obtained.
[0021]
Therefore, in the present invention, the acidic waste liquid containing metal ions is first neutralized with the first alkaline agent mainly composed of caustic soda. As long as caustic soda is the main component, the first alkaline agent may contain other components that do not inhibit neutralization of the acidic waste liquid, particularly alkaline components. For example, the slaked lime used for the second alkaline agent may be contained in an amount less by mass% than caustic soda, preferably 40% or less, more preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less of caustic soda. Good.
[0022]
The second alkaline agent to be used next is mainly composed of slaked lime. Similarly, as long as slaked lime is the main component, it may contain other components that do not inhibit neutralization of the acidic waste liquid, particularly alkaline components. For example, the caustic soda used for the first alkaline agent may be contained in an amount less by mass% than slaked lime, preferably 40% or less of slaked lime, more preferably 20% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less. Good.
[0023]
As the first and second alkaline agents, solid chemicals can be used as they are, but since the amount of generated sludge is slightly increased, it is preferable to use the alkaline agent in an aqueous solution in which the chemicals are previously dissolved in water. . However, in the second alkaline agent, it is not necessary to completely dissolve slaked lime, and a part thereof may remain undissolved. The preferable concentration (mass%) of the alkaline agent in the case of an aqueous solution is 48% or less, more preferably 10 to 20% in the first alkaline agent mainly composed of caustic soda, and slaked lime as a major component. The second alkaline agent is 30% or less, more preferably 10 to 25%. When the concentration of the first alkaline agent exceeds 48%, the alkaline agent may solidify at a low temperature. If the concentration of the second alkaline agent exceeds 30%, the solubility in water becomes too low, the amount of chemical required for neutralization increases, and the amount of sludge also increases.
[0024]
Both the first and second alkaline agents may be newly prepared using chemicals and water, and may be prepared using waste or waste liquid if there is an appropriate material.
[0025]
First, neutralization treatment (first-stage neutralization treatment) using a first alkaline agent mainly composed of caustic soda is performed on the acidic waste liquid containing metal ions. The end point of the first stage neutralization treatment is preferably a point at which the solution pH reaches a pH range where the metal ions in the waste solution become hydroxides. Since this pH range varies depending on the metal species in the liquid, the valence of the ions, and the concentration, the end point of the neutralization treatment in the first stage varies depending on the type of acidic waste liquid. The end point of the first stage neutralization may be, for example, about pH 3 in the case of acidic waste solution from a stainless steel factory (nitric acid / sulfuric acid type pickling waste liquid), and about pH 8 in the case of nickel sulfate acidic waste liquid from a plating factory. preferable.
[0026]
In the waste liquid that has undergone the first-stage neutralization treatment, metal ions in the liquid are precipitated as hydroxides, but the precipitation is light and difficult to settle. Then, next, this waste liquid is neutralized with a second alkaline agent mainly composed of slaked lime (second stage neutralization). Thereby, the precipitate generated by the neutralization treatment in the first stage is settled, and further dissolved anions such as fluorine ions, sulfate ions, carbonate ions are precipitated. The end point of the neutralization treatment in the second stage is preferably a point where no more precipitate is generated. This end point also changes in the same manner as in the neutralization treatment in the first stage. For example, in the case of acidic waste liquid from a stainless steel factory, the pH may be about 7, and in the case of nickel sulfate acidic waste liquid from a plating factory, it may be about pH 10. preferable.
[0027]
What is necessary is just to implement the neutralization process of a 1st step and a 2nd step by adding an alkaline agent to the acidic waste liquid in a stirring tank in accordance with a conventional method. If necessary, an appropriate pretreatment (eg, reduction treatment) may be performed on the acidic waste liquid before the first-stage neutralization treatment. The second stage neutralized waste liquid (which is no longer acidic) is transferred to the tank or into the settling tank and allowed to stand to agglomerate and settle the precipitate. Separate into water. The sludge extracted from the bottom of the tank is stored in, for example, a sludge storage tank, and then water is removed by a filter press and disposed as landfill as industrial waste.
[0028]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a treatment flow in a case where an acidic waste liquid discharged from a pickling process of a stainless steel plate is continuously neutralized according to the present invention in a stainless steel factory. The acidic waste liquid is first subjected to reduction treatment with sodium sulfite in a reduction tank to reduce Cr 6+ to Cr 3+ . Thereafter, the acidic waste liquid is subjected to the first-stage and second-stage neutralization treatments in the first tank and the second tank, respectively, as described above. The waste liquid exiting the second tank is transferred to a sedimentation tank where the sludge is aggregated and settled, and then the sludge is extracted from the lower part and transferred to a sludge storage tank. Sludge collected in the sludge storage tank becomes industrial waste sludge when dehydrated with a filter press and can be disposed of in landfills.
[0029]
【Example】
Example 1
A caustic soda aqueous solution (first alkaline agent) having a concentration of 17% (mass%, the same shall apply hereinafter) from an acidic waste liquid (pH 1.0), which is produced from the pickling process of a stainless steel sheet, as shown below. Further, neutralization treatment was performed by various test methods using a slaked lime aqueous solution having a concentration of 25% (slaked lime was not completely dissolved) (second alkaline agent).
[0030]
Elemental content of the acidic waste liquid used:
Fe: 17,000 ppm, Ni: 6,000 ppm, Cr: 630 ppm, F: 1,500 ppm
Test method:
(A) Neutralization treatment only with 25% slaked lime aqueous solution,
(B) Neutralization treatment with only 17% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution,
(C) After the first stage neutralization treatment with 25% slaked lime aqueous solution, the second stage neutralization treatment with 17% caustic soda aqueous solution,
(D) Second stage neutralization treatment with 25% aqueous slaked lime solution after first stage neutralization treatment with 17% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
[0031]
The above methods (a) to (c) are comparative examples, and the method (d) is an example of the present invention. Neutralization is finally performed so that the liquid pH becomes 7.0. In (c) and (d), the first stage neutralization treatment is performed until the liquid pH reaches 3.0, and then the second stage. Was neutralized until the solution pH reached 7.0.
[0032]
Specifically, in each test, 800 ml of the acidic waste liquid was used, and the above four tests (a) to (d) were simultaneously performed by the following jar test.
Jar Test Procedure:
(1) Place 800 ml of acidic waste liquid in a beaker;
(2) Place the beaker on the jar test device and add the alkaline agent to a predetermined pH while stirring with a stirrer. In tests (c) and (d), the alkali agent for the first stage neutralization treatment was added until a predetermined pH (3.0) was reached, and then the alkali agent for the second stage neutralization treatment was immediately added to pH 7.0. Add until.
[0033]
(3) When the pH reaches 7.0, the waste liquid in the beaker is transferred to a 1000 ml measuring cylinder and allowed to stand, and the following evaluations are simultaneously performed for the four tests (a) to (d).
Evaluation methods:
(1) Sludge amount: Read the boundary surface between the sludge after standing 30 minutes and the supernatant (water) using the graduated cylinder scale to obtain the sludge amount;
(2) Turbidity of clean water: visually observed for 30 minutes after standing, and determined by the presence or absence of turbidity of clean water after 30 minutes (◎: better than current status, ○: same as current status, x: worse than current status);
(3) Sedimentation: Judgment is made by visually observing 30 minutes after standing (◎: better than current status, ○: same as current status, x: worse than current status);
(4) Water supply component: Analyzes Cr 6+ and F (fluorine ion) content (mg / l), which are strictly regulated for discharge into environmental waters (Cr 6+ is less than 0.1 and F is less than 15) ○ within the range, x over it).
[0034]
“Current status” in the above evaluation means the result of the test (a) using only a slaked lime aqueous solution, which is a normal method.
The above evaluation results are shown in the following Table 1 together with the relative values of the sludge amount and the chemical cost (% when the result of the test (a) using only the slaked lime aqueous solution is taken as the reference value (± 0%)).
[0035]
[Table 1]
[0036]
As can be seen from Table 1, according to the present invention, the test (d) neutralized first with a caustic soda aqueous solution and then with a slaked lime aqueous solution is conducted in accordance with the test (a) neutralized only with a slaked lime aqueous solution which is a normal method In comparison, the amount of sludge was reduced by 53% to less than half. In addition, despite the initial use of an aqueous caustic soda solution, the settling was good, the settling was improved further from the test (a) which was originally good in settling, and the water turbidity was also improved. The component analysis result of clean water was also good, and the chemical cost was improved from test (a).
[0037]
On the other hand, in the test (b) neutralized with only an aqueous solution of caustic soda, although the amount of sludge was inferior to that of the test (d), a considerably good result was obtained, but the sedimentation property was very poor, and F Most of it remained. In addition, in the test (c) in which the order of addition of the alkaline agent is reversed from the test (d) which is an example of the present invention, the amount of sludge is further increased as compared to the test (a), and the sedimentation property is also inferior. Although turbidity was observed and the two-step neutralization was performed, the result was worse than the test (a).
[0038]
As is clear from the above, according to the present invention, it is important to first perform neutralization treatment in the order of aqueous caustic soda solution and then aqueous slaked lime solution, and only in this case both reduction of sludge amount and good sedimentation property are achieved. Obtainable.
[0039]
(Example 2)
According to the test method (d) of Example 1 (example of the present invention), a two-step neutralization treatment was performed. In this example, one or both aqueous solutions of the first alkaline agent and the second alkaline agent were used, A small amount of the alkaline agent component was added. Specifically, the alkaline agent used was as follows. The test acidic waste liquid and the evaluation method were the same as in Example 1, but the analysis of the water supply component was not performed. The test results are shown in Table 2 together with the results of the test (a) of Example 1 which is a conventional example.
[0040]
Test (d1):
First alkaline agent: aqueous solution containing 15% caustic soda + 2% slaked lime,
Second alkaline agent: 25% slaked lime aqueous solution;
Test (d2):
First alkaline agent: 17% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution,
Second alkaline agent: an aqueous solution containing 23% slaked lime and 2% caustic soda;
Test (d3):
First alkaline agent: aqueous solution containing 15% caustic soda + 2% slaked lime,
Second alkaline agent: An aqueous solution containing 23% slaked lime and 2% caustic soda.
[0041]
[Table 2]
[0042]
As shown in Table 2, even if one or both of the first and second alkali agents contain a small amount of the other alkali agent component, it is not inferior to the test (d) of Example 1 which does not contain the alkali agent component. Results were obtained. Therefore, it can be seen that addition or substitution of other components is acceptable with a small amount.
[0043]
(Example 3)
Each of the tests (a ′) to (d ′) was the same as the tests (a) to (d) of Example 1 except that the first and second alkaline agents were used as solids instead of an aqueous solution. Neutralization treatment was performed. The test acidic waste liquid was the same pickling waste liquid of stainless steel plate as used in Example 1. The test results similar to those in Example 2 are shown in Table 3.
[0044]
[Table 3]
[0045]
As can be seen from Table 3, in any of the tests (a ′) to (d ′), the amount of sludge was larger than the corresponding tests (a) to (d) of Example 1 using the same alkaline agent as an aqueous solution. Increased. However, the tendency of the test results of (a ′) to (d ′) is similar to the tests (a) to (d) of the examples, and only the test (d ′) which is an example of the present invention reduces the sludge amount. Both the improvement of sludge settling can be achieved.
[0046]
Example 4
As the test waste liquid, sulfuric acid acidic nickel plating waste liquid containing 6.5% Ni ions was used, respectively, and tests (a ″) to (d ″) were conducted in the same manner as in Examples 1 (a) to (d). The neutralization process was performed. However, the amount of the test waste liquid was 500 ml, the end point of the first stage neutralization was pH 8.0, and the end point of the second stage neutralization was pH 10.0. The test results are shown in Table 4.
[0047]
[Table 4]
[0048]
Also in Table 4, the test results showed the same tendency as in Table 1, and in the tests (a ″) to (c ″) as comparative examples, the amount of sludge was large and / or the sedimentation property was poor. From this result, it can be seen that the neutralization treatment method of the present invention is effective not only for the pickling waste liquid but also for the neutralization treatment of another type of pickling waste liquid such as plating waste liquid.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an inexpensive general-purpose alkaline agent can be used, and the following great effects can be obtained as compared with the neutralization with slaked lime which is usually performed without major equipment modification:
(1) A sludge with better sedimentation than the current state can be formed, and the clearness of treated water is improved;
(2) The amount of sludge generated can be reduced to about 1/2;
(3) The chemical cost for neutralization is the same as or lower than the current situation.
[0050]
As these incidental effects, useful metals can be recycled, and thickeners and dehydrators can be spared, making it possible to consolidate facilities and reduce investment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a processing flow when the neutralization processing method of the present invention is applied to pickling waste liquid of a stainless steel plate.
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| CN103922515A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-16 | 苏州皇森机电科技有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment device of stainless steel pickling wastewater |
| CN105800838A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 张石海 | Method for treating stainless steel pickling waste liquid |
| CN117660972A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-03-08 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A method for clean production of straightening machine roller boxes |
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| JP2001079570A (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-27 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Treatment method for electroless nickel plating waste liquid |
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| JP2006192370A (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Separation and recovery method of valuable resources from stainless steel pickling waste liquid |
| CN103922515A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-16 | 苏州皇森机电科技有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment device of stainless steel pickling wastewater |
| CN105800838A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 张石海 | Method for treating stainless steel pickling waste liquid |
| CN117660972A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-03-08 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A method for clean production of straightening machine roller boxes |
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