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JP2004286466A - Photodetection method of electron donating gas - Google Patents

Photodetection method of electron donating gas Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004286466A
JP2004286466A JP2003075709A JP2003075709A JP2004286466A JP 2004286466 A JP2004286466 A JP 2004286466A JP 2003075709 A JP2003075709 A JP 2003075709A JP 2003075709 A JP2003075709 A JP 2003075709A JP 2004286466 A JP2004286466 A JP 2004286466A
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Prior art keywords
thin film
electron donating
gas
transition metal
metal oxide
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JP3940796B2 (en
Inventor
Takeshi Sasaki
毅 佐々木
Zbroniec Leszek
ズブロニエック レシェック
Shiyougen In
鐘源 尹
Naoto Koshizaki
直人 越崎
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for detecting an electron donating gas to be detected such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, using an optical detecting membrane for the electron donating gas which is constituted only of a transition metal oxide without adding a second component, and eliminating the point at issue of a conventional technique. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for optically detecting the electron donating gas, a transition metal oxide membrane comprising primary particles with a particle size of 1-50 nm or particles with a particle size of 500 nm or below obtained by flocculating the primary particles is formed on a substrate by performing laser ablation in a rare gas using a transition metal oxide target and heated to 250-400°C to detect the electron donating gas. By this constitution, the transition metal oxide nano-microcrystal membrane is formed by the laser ablation method using the single crystal of the transition metal oxide or a sintered body thereof as a target without adding the second component to obtain effect to detect the electron donating gas to be detected such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide by utilizing a change in the excellent light transmissivity of the membrane. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ガラス板などの基体上に光吸収体薄膜を堆積させ、光吸収体薄膜の光透過率の変化を利用して一酸化炭素や一酸化窒素などの電子供与性の被検ガスを検知する方法に関する
【0002】
【従来の技術】
酸化ニッケルや酸化コバルトのようなP型半導体特性を示す遷移金属酸化物の薄膜は、一定の温度域で空気中に一酸化炭素ガス又は一酸化窒素のような電子供与性ガスが存在すると、350nmから1500nmの波長領域における光透過率が空気中に比較して増加する事が知られている。
また、その光透過率は空気中の一酸化炭素ガス又は一酸化窒素の濃度に比例して可逆的に変化することから光応答型のセンサとして利用できる。遷移金属酸化物の中でもNiO、Mn、Coなどの遷移金属酸化物薄膜が僅かではあるものの一酸化炭素に光応答する事が知られている(例えば非特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
通常、これらの遷移金属酸化物薄膜は一酸化炭素濃度の変化による透過率変化量が少なく、また応答速度特性もそれほど良くないことから、一酸化炭素濃度の変化を感度よく検知する事は非常に困難であり一酸化炭素センサとして実用性がないと言われてきた。
そのようなことから、遷移金属酸化物を複合化して一酸化炭素ガスや一酸化窒素ガスの応答特性を向上させる試みがなされてきた(例えば特許文献1参照)。
この特許文献1では、ニッケルとコバルトの原子比で1:99から1:1(但し1:1は除く)の割合で含有しているコバルト−ニッケル複合酸化物を用いたものである。
【0004】
また、Au、Ag及びCuから選択される少なくとも1種類の金属微粒子とNi、Co、Mn、Cr及びRuから選択される少なくとも1種類の金属の酸化物からなる複合体を用いたものが報告されている(特許文献2参照)。
この他、遷移金属酸化物であるCoO微粒子をシリカガラス中に分散させたナノ複合体を用いたものについても報告されている(非特許文献2参照)。
以上のように、遷移金属酸化物だけから構成される薄膜を実用性のある電子供与性ガスの光検知薄膜材料として利用する事はできず、第二の成分を加える事によってのみ実現可能であると考えられていた。
【0005】
一方、本発明者らは酸化鉄や酸化コバルト等の遷移金属酸化物のターゲットを使用し、レーザーアブレーション法によって、酸化鉄や酸化コバルト等の遷移金属の結晶性薄膜を基板上に形成し、ナノメーターレベルの酸化物微粒子を形成する方法の研究及び開発を実施していた(非特許文献3及び4参照)。
しかし、これ自体上記のような前例(特許文献2又は非特許文献2)があったために、ガスセンサとしての機能を有するものとは理解しておらず、ガスの光検知方法としての具体的な開発がなされていなかった。
【0006】
【非特許文献1】
「Proceedings of Third International Meeting on Chemical Sensors」 page 318−321, Cleaveland USA, September 24−26, 1990.
【非特許文献2】
「Characterization of CoO−Doped SiONanocomposite Films and Their Optical Transmittance Change by Nitrogen Oxide」, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 2−Letters, vol.34, Page 119−121, Suppliment34−1, 1994.
【非特許文献3】
「Pressure dependence of the morphology and size of cobalt (II, II I) oxide nanoparticles prepared by pulsed−laser ablation」Applied Physics, A 69. P.115−118 (1999)
【非特許文献4】
「レーザーアブレーションによる金属酸化物ナノ微粒子の調整」佐々木毅外著、レーザー研究(2000年6月)第28巻第6号、頁348〜353
【特許文献1】
特開平10−96690号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平7−311145号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点を解消し、第2の成分を加える事なしに遷移金属酸化物のみから構成される電子供与性ガスの光検知薄膜を用いて一酸化炭素や一酸化窒素などの電子供与性の被検ガスを検知する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明らは、ナノメーターレベルの酸化物微粒子の遷移金属酸化物を用いることにより飛躍的な光透過率の改善を図ることが可能となる知見を得た。
本発明は、この知見に基づいて、
1.遷移金属酸化物ターゲットを用い、希ガス中でレーザーアブレーションにより基板上に、1〜50nmの一次粒子又はこの一次粒子が凝集した500nm以下の粒子からなる遷移金属酸化物薄膜を形成し、これを250〜400°C、好ましくは300〜350°Cに加熱して電子供与性ガスの検知を行うことを特徴とする電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
2.電子供与性ガスの検知の際に、空気中と1%電子供与性ガスとの紫外可視分光器による光透過率の差が20%以上、好ましくは30%以上であることを特徴とする上記1記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
3.希ガスにArガスを使用し、圧力0.6Pa〜15kPaの範囲、好ましくは0.67Pa〜100Paでレーザーアブレーションを行うことを特徴とする上記1又は2記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
4.酸化コバルト、酸化鉄又は酸化ニッケルの焼結体若しくは単結晶の遷移金属酸化物ターゲットを用いてレーザーアブレーションを行うことを特徴とする上記1〜3のいずれかに記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
5.基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚、好ましくは150から200nmのCo膜又はCo膜とCoOの混相膜であることを特徴とする上記4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
6.基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚、好ましくは150から200nmのFe膜又はFeとFeOの混相膜であることを特徴とする上記4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
7.基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚、好ましくは150から200nmのNiO膜であることを特徴とする上記4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
8.基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚、好ましくは150から200nmのMn膜またはMnとMnOの混相膜であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。
9.電子供与性ガスが一酸化炭素又は一酸化窒素であることを特徴とする上記1〜8のそれぞれに記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
10.基板上に遷移金属酸化物薄膜を形成した光検知用薄膜をそのまま使用して検知を行うことを特徴とする上記1〜9のそれぞれに記載電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
11.基板上に形成した遷移金属酸化物薄膜を250〜400°C、好ましくは300〜350°Cにアニーリングして光検知用薄膜とし、これを用いて検知を行うことを特徴とする上記1〜9のそれぞれに記載電子供与性ガスの光検知方法
12.基板上に形成した遷移金属酸化物薄膜を空気中で250〜400°C、好ましくは300〜350°Cにアニーリングして光検知用薄膜とし、これを用いて検知を行うことを特徴とする上記10に記載電子供与性ガスの光検知方法を提供する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明らは、遷移金属酸化物の電子供与性ガスに対する応答は薄膜への電子供与性ガスの表面吸着に基づいており、ガス吸着による透過率変化量を大きくするためには酸化物から構成される光吸収体薄膜の表面積を大幅に向上させることが非常に重要であることが分かった。
このような観点から本発明の目的を達成するために、レーザーアブレーションを利用して石英ガラス等の基板上にナノメートルオーダーのサイズを有する微結晶、すなわちナノ微結晶から構成される遷移金属酸化物薄膜を堆積させることによって作製した光吸収体薄膜が、電子供与性ガスである一酸化炭素ガス及び一酸化窒素の濃度の変化に応じてその光透過率が大幅に変化する事を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明は遷移金属酸化物ターゲットを用い希ガス中でレーザーアブレーションにより、基板上に1〜50nmの一次粒子又はこの一次粒子が凝集した500nm以下の粒子からなる遷移金属酸化物薄膜を形成し、これを250〜400°Cに加熱して電子供与性ガスの検知を行うものである。
遷移金属酸化物ターゲットには、酸化コバルト、酸化鉄、酸化ニッケル又は酸化マンガンの焼結体若しくは単結晶を使用するのが有効である。
希ガスには、通常Arガスを使用し、圧力0.6Pa〜15kPaの範囲でレーザーアブレーションを行う。この圧力範囲は、酸化物粒子を形成する好適な範囲である。低圧ではやや粒子が形成され難い傾向があるが、アニーリングにより酸化物粒子が形成される。
基板上に形成される結晶性の粒子サイズは1〜50nmであり、これによって薄膜の表面積が大きくなり、光透過率が向上する。特に10〜50nmが望ましい。希ガスの圧力が高くなると一次粒子が凝集する構造となる。凝集した膜構造も同様に効果がある。この場合、凝集した膜構造に一次粒子が見られる。この場合、凝集した粒子として500nm以下であることが望ましい。あまり粒径が大きくなると散乱効果により好ましくないからである。
【0011】
このような、膜構造の基板を使用することにより、電子供与性ガスの検知の際に、空気中と1%電子供与性ガスとの紫外可視分光器による光透過率の差が20%以上、さらには50%以上となる。この光透過率の差が大きいほど望ましいが、本発明はそれを達成することが可能となった。換言すれば、0.5%以下の一酸化炭素の検知も可能となるという優れた効果が得られた。
基板上の薄膜として、代表的には100〜500nm厚のCo膜又はCo膜とCoOの混相膜、100〜500nm厚のFe膜又はFeとFeOの混相膜、100〜500nm厚のNiO膜、150から500nmのMn膜またはMnとMnOの混相膜を使用することができる。
これらの膜は、最低でも100nmの厚さが必要であるが、500nmを超えると膜の光透過率が著しく低下し、光検知が困難になるので500nm厚を上限とした。より好ましい範囲は150〜200nmである。
【0012】
本発明の基板上に遷移金属酸化物薄膜を形成した光検知用薄膜をそのまま使用するか、または基板上に形成した遷移金属酸化物薄膜を250〜400°C、好ましくは300〜350°Cにアニーリングして光検知用薄膜とするか、さらには基板上に形成した遷移金属酸化物薄膜を空気中で250〜400°C、好ましくは300〜350°Cにアニーリングして光検知用薄膜とし、これを用いて検知を行うことができる。
作動温度が低すぎると応答せず、また逆に高すぎると粒子が焼結して同様に応答しなる。したがって、上記の温度範囲とすることが望ましい。
【0013】
図1に遷移金属酸化物ナノ微結晶薄膜からなる電子供与性ガスの光検知薄膜材料の製造装置1を示す。ターゲット4には遷移金属酸化物の単結晶を使用した(直径13〜20mm、厚さ1〜5mm)。遷移金属酸化物の焼結体を使用する事も可能である。符号2は反応室である。
ターゲット4を図1に示したターゲット支持軸6に装着する。酸化物ナノ微結晶を堆積させる基板3は、光を透過して400°C程度の温度まで耐える材料であれば良く、石英ガラス、ソーダライムガラス、サファイア、などの基板3を使用することができる。
図1における符号8は真空ポンプ、符号9はアルゴン等のガスを導入するパイプ、符号10はレーザー光導入用の窓、符号11はレーザー、符号12はレンズを示す。
【0014】
本製造装置1での基板3とターゲット4との位置関係は、図2のようになっており、基板3とターゲット4間の距離を20mmから60mmの間で変化させる事ができ、通常は50mm程度とする。
また、台5上に設置した基板3とターゲット4は、それぞれモーター7によって回転させる事が可能で、作成される薄膜の膜圧の均一性を向上させるためにそれそれの回転軸は0mmから30mmまでオフセットが可能であり、通常10mmとする。符号13はレーザー光である。
【0015】
レーザーアブレーションによる薄膜調製では結晶性薄膜を得るために基板加熱を施す事が多いが、この場合、特段に加熱する必要はない。
本製造装置1の反応室2を密閉排気後、ガス導入バルブを開いてパイプ9から例えばアルゴンガスを導入し圧力を5mTorr(=0.67Pa)から100Torr(=13.3kPa)の間に調製する。望ましくは5mTorr(=0.67Pa)から600mTorr(=80Pa)の圧力である。この圧力は検知性能が向上するように、適宜調節することができる。
ターゲット4および基板3を、回転駆動用モーター7を介して回転させると共にレーザー光13を集光照射する。
使用するレーザーには各種の波長のレーザー、例えばパルスNd:YAGレーザーの基本波、第二高調波、第三高調波、第四高調波もしくはエキシマレーザーなどの紫外線パルスレーザーを使用することができる。使用するレーザーのパルスエネルギーは一パルスあたり100から300mJである。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下にその実施例を具体的に示しながら詳細に説明する。なお、本実施例は本発明の理解を容易にするために作成したものであり、この実施例によって本発明を制限するものではない。すなわち、本発明の技術思想に基づく、他の実施例、変形、態様は全て本発明に含まれるものとする。
【0017】
以下に、典型的な条件で作製した遷移金属酸化物(Co)ナノ微結晶からなる光検知薄膜材料について述べる。調製条件は表1の通りである
表1の条件で作成した薄膜を、空気中350°Cで3時間アニーリングを施し光検知薄膜とした。なお、熱処理は必須のものではなく、熱処理なしでも光検知薄膜として使用できる。
図3に、薄膜の堆積直後(A)、空気中350°Cで熱処理後の膜(B)及び窒素で希釈した1%一酸化炭素ガスに350°Cで暴露し、その後空気中にて室温まで冷却した光検知薄膜(C)、の3種類の薄膜のX線回折パターンを示す。
薄膜の構造はどれもCo相であったが、薄膜の調製条件によっては堆積直後にCoO相(混相)が観測される事もあった。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 2004286466
【0019】
また、図4に得られた薄膜の走査電子顕微鏡写真を示す。この薄膜は10から50nm程度の大きさの粒子から構成されており緻密な薄膜に比較して大きな表面積を有していることが分かる。
図5に、一酸化炭素ガスの光検知に使用したセンサ特性評価セル14の構造を示す。セル14を紫外可視分光器(島津製作所製紫外可視分光器UV−3101PC)中に設置し、ヒーター18により350°Cに加熱して光検知薄膜の空気中および1%一酸化炭素ガス中における光透過率を測定した。
図5において、符号15は入射光、符号16は輻射光遮蔽、符号17は支持台、符号19はガス導入口、符号20はガス排出口、符号21は熱電対、符号22は光検知薄膜材料、符号23は石英セルを示す。
【0020】
図6にその結果を示すと共に差スペクトルを示した。薄膜は300nmから800nmの波長領域に渡ってその透過スペクトルがガスによって大幅に変化しており、500〜600nmの波長においてその変化率は最大となっている。
また空気と1%一酸化炭素ガスとを繰り返しセル中へ交互に流し、500nmの波長においてその透過率の変化を記録し、検知薄膜のガス応答性について評価した。図7に示すように非常に再現性よく一酸化炭素ガスに応答していることがわかる。
上記においては、主としてCo膜又はCo膜とCoOの混相膜について説明したが、Fe膜又はFeとFeOの混相膜、NiO膜及びMn膜またはMnとMnOの混相膜でも、同様の機能及び効果を有する。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、遷移金属酸化物の単結晶あるいは焼結体をターゲットとしたレーザーアブレーション法により第2の成分を加えることなく遷移金属酸化物ナノ微結晶薄膜薄膜を形成し、その優れた光透過率の変化を利用して一酸化炭素や一酸化窒素などの電子供与性の被検ガスを検知することができる著しい効果を有する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】電子供与性ガスの光検知薄膜材料の製造装置を示す図である。
【図2】ターゲットと基板の位置関係を示す図である。
【図3】検知薄膜の堆積直後の膜(A)、350°Cで熱処理後の膜(B)、窒素で希釈した1%一酸化炭素ガスに350°Cで暴露させ、さらに空気中にて室温まで冷却した後の膜(C)の、それぞれのX線回折パターンを示す図である。
【図4】検知薄膜の走査電子顕微鏡写真である。
【図5】一酸化炭素ガスの光検知に使用したセルの構造を示す図である。
【図6】検知薄膜の光透過スペクトル及び差スペクトルを示す図である。
【図7】空気および1%一酸化炭素ガス中における550nmの光透過率経時変化を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 製造装置
2 反応室
3 基板
4 ターゲット
5 台
6 軸
7 モーター
8 真空ポンプ
9 パイプ
10 レーザー光導入用の窓
11 レーザー
12 レンズ
13 レーザー光
14 センサ特性評価セル
15 入射光
16 輻射光遮蔽
17 支持台
18 ヒーター
19 ガス導入口
20 ガス排出口
21 熱電対
22 光検知薄膜材料
23 石英セル[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention deposits a light absorber thin film on a substrate such as a glass plate, and utilizes a change in the light transmittance of the light absorber thin film to remove an electron donating test gas such as carbon monoxide or nitrogen monoxide. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[Prior art]
A transition metal oxide thin film having P-type semiconductor characteristics such as nickel oxide and cobalt oxide has a thickness of 350 nm when an electron-donating gas such as carbon monoxide gas or nitrogen monoxide is present in air at a certain temperature range. It is known that the light transmittance in the wavelength region from to 1500 nm increases as compared with air.
Further, since the light transmittance reversibly changes in proportion to the concentration of carbon monoxide gas or nitric oxide in the air, it can be used as a light-responsive sensor. It is known that among transition metal oxides, a thin film of a transition metal oxide such as NiO, Mn 3 O 4 , and Co 3 O 4 responds to carbon monoxide to a small extent (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). .
[0003]
Usually, these transition metal oxide thin films have a small change in transmittance due to a change in the concentration of carbon monoxide, and their response speed characteristics are not so good. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to detect a change in the concentration of carbon monoxide with high sensitivity. It has been said that it is difficult and impractical as a carbon monoxide sensor.
For this reason, attempts have been made to improve the response characteristics of carbon monoxide gas and nitrogen monoxide gas by compounding a transition metal oxide (for example, see Patent Document 1).
In Patent Document 1, a cobalt-nickel composite oxide containing nickel at an atomic ratio of nickel to cobalt of 1:99 to 1: 1 (excluding 1: 1) is used.
[0004]
In addition, a composite using at least one type of metal fine particles selected from Au, Ag, and Cu and an oxide of at least one type of metal selected from Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, and Ru has been reported. (See Patent Document 2).
In addition, there is also a report using a nanocomposite in which CoO fine particles, which are transition metal oxides, are dispersed in silica glass (see Non-Patent Document 2).
As described above, a thin film composed solely of a transition metal oxide cannot be used as a photodetection thin film material of a practical electron donating gas, and can be realized only by adding a second component. Was considered.
[0005]
On the other hand, the present inventors formed a crystalline thin film of a transition metal such as iron oxide or cobalt oxide on a substrate by a laser ablation method using a target of a transition metal oxide such as iron oxide or cobalt oxide. Research and development of a method for forming meter-level oxide fine particles have been carried out (see Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4).
However, since it has a precedent as described above (Patent Document 2 or Non-Patent Document 2), it does not understand that it has a function as a gas sensor. Was not done.
[0006]
[Non-patent document 1]
"Proceedings of Third International Meeting on Chemical Sensors", page 318-321, Clearlevel USA, September 24-26, 1990.
[Non-patent document 2]
"Characterization of CoO-Doped SiO2 Nanocomposites Films and Their Optical Transmittance Change by Nitrogen Oxide, 2 -Phase Journal, Journal of the Journal of the Philippines. 34, Page 119-121, Supplement 34-1, 1994.
[Non-Patent Document 3]
"Pressure dependency of the morphology and size of cobalt (II, III) oxide nanoparticles prepared by pulsed-laser ablation," Applied Physic. P. 115-118 (1999)
[Non-patent document 4]
"Adjustment of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation" Takeshi Sasaki, Laser Research (June 2000), Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 348-353
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-96690 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-31145
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and uses a light-sensing thin film of an electron-donating gas composed of only a transition metal oxide without adding a second component to form carbon monoxide or nitric oxide. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting an electron-donating test gas such as the one described above.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found that it is possible to dramatically improve light transmittance by using a transition metal oxide of oxide fine particles at a nanometer level.
The present invention is based on this finding,
1. Using a transition metal oxide target, a transition metal oxide thin film composed of primary particles of 1 to 50 nm or particles of 500 nm or less in which the primary particles are aggregated is formed on a substrate by laser ablation in a rare gas. 1. A method of detecting an electron donating gas, comprising heating the sample to a temperature of 400 to 400 ° C., preferably 300 to 350 ° C., to detect the electron donating gas. (1) The method according to (1), wherein upon detecting the electron donating gas, the difference in light transmittance between the air and the 1% electron donating gas by an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer is 20% or more, preferably 30% or more. 2. The method for detecting light of the electron donating gas described above. 3. The method 4 for detecting light of an electron donating gas according to the above 1 or 2, wherein laser ablation is performed at a pressure of 0.6 Pa to 15 kPa, preferably 0.67 Pa to 100 Pa, using Ar gas as a rare gas. . 4. Photodetection of an electron donating gas according to any one of the above items 1 to 3, wherein laser ablation is performed using a sintered body of cobalt oxide, iron oxide or nickel oxide or a single crystal transition metal oxide target. Method 5. 5. The photodetection of an electron donating gas according to the above item 4 , wherein the thin film on the substrate is a Co 3 O 4 film or a mixed phase film of Co 3 O 4 film and CoO having a thickness of 100 to 500 nm, preferably 150 to 200 nm. Method 6. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the thin film on the substrate is a Fe 2 O 3 film or a mixed phase film of Fe 2 O 3 and FeO having a thickness of 100 to 500 nm, preferably 150 to 200 nm. 7. 7. The method for detecting an electron donating gas according to the above item 4, wherein the thin film on the substrate is a NiO film having a thickness of 100 to 500 nm, preferably 150 to 200 nm. Thin film 100~500nm thickness on the substrate, preferably optical detection of the electron-donating gas according to claim 4, characterized in that it is a mixed phase layer of 200nm of Mn 3 O 4 film or Mn 3 O 4 and MnO 150 Method.
9. 9. The method for detecting an electron donating gas according to any one of the above items 1 to 8, wherein the electron donating gas is carbon monoxide or nitric oxide. 10. The method for detecting an electron-donating gas according to any one of the above items 1 to 9, wherein the detection is performed by using a thin film for light detection in which a transition metal oxide thin film is formed on a substrate. The transition metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate is annealed at 250 to 400 ° C., preferably 300 to 350 ° C. to form a light detecting thin film, and the detection is performed using the thin film. 11. Photodetection method of electron donating gas described in each of The transition metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate is annealed in air at 250 to 400 ° C., preferably 300 to 350 ° C. to form a light detecting thin film, and the detection is performed using the thin film. 10. A method for detecting light of an electron donating gas according to item 10.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, the response of the transition metal oxide to the electron donating gas is based on the surface adsorption of the electron donating gas to the thin film, and is made of an oxide in order to increase the transmittance change due to the gas adsorption. It has been found that it is very important to greatly increase the surface area of the light absorber thin film.
From such a viewpoint, in order to achieve the object of the present invention, a crystallite having a size of nanometer order on a substrate such as quartz glass using laser ablation, that is, a transition metal oxide composed of nanocrystallites The present inventors have found that a light absorber thin film produced by depositing a thin film has a light transmittance that changes significantly in response to changes in the concentrations of carbon monoxide gas and nitrogen monoxide as electron donating gases. Was completed.
[0010]
That is, the present invention forms a transition metal oxide thin film composed of primary particles of 1 to 50 nm or particles of 500 nm or less in which the primary particles are aggregated on a substrate by laser ablation in a rare gas using a transition metal oxide target. This is heated to 250 to 400 ° C. to detect an electron donating gas.
It is effective to use a sintered body or a single crystal of cobalt oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, or manganese oxide as the transition metal oxide target.
Ar gas is usually used as a rare gas, and laser ablation is performed at a pressure in the range of 0.6 Pa to 15 kPa. This pressure range is a suitable range for forming oxide particles. At low pressure, particles tend to be formed slightly, but oxide particles are formed by annealing.
The crystalline particle size formed on the substrate is 1 to 50 nm, which increases the surface area of the thin film and improves the light transmittance. In particular, 10 to 50 nm is desirable. When the pressure of the rare gas is increased, the structure is such that the primary particles aggregate. Agglomerated membrane structures are similarly effective. In this case, primary particles are found in the aggregated film structure. In this case, the size of the aggregated particles is desirably 500 nm or less. This is because if the particle size is too large, it is not preferable due to the scattering effect.
[0011]
By using such a substrate having a film structure, when detecting an electron donating gas, the difference in light transmittance between the air and the 1% electron donating gas by an ultraviolet-visible spectroscope is 20% or more. Furthermore, it becomes 50% or more. The greater the difference in light transmittance, the more desirable. However, the present invention has made it possible to achieve this. In other words, an excellent effect of being able to detect carbon monoxide of 0.5% or less was obtained.
As a thin film on the substrate, typically, a Co 3 O 4 film or a mixed phase film of Co 3 O 4 and CoO, a Fe 2 O 3 film of 100 to 500 nm thick, or a Fe 2 O 3 film or a mixed film of Fe 2 O 3 and FeO, A mixed phase film, a NiO film having a thickness of 100 to 500 nm, a Mn 3 O 4 film having a thickness of 150 to 500 nm, or a mixed phase film of Mn 3 O 4 and MnO can be used.
These films need to have a thickness of at least 100 nm. However, if the thickness exceeds 500 nm, the light transmittance of the film is significantly reduced, and light detection becomes difficult. A more preferred range is from 150 to 200 nm.
[0012]
The light sensing thin film having the transition metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate of the present invention may be used as it is, or the transition metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate may be heated to 250 to 400 ° C., preferably 300 to 350 ° C. Annealing to form a thin film for light detection, or further annealing the transition metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate at 250 to 400 ° C. in air, preferably 300 to 350 ° C. to form a thin film for light detection, Detection can be performed using this.
If the operating temperature is too low, it will not respond, and if it is too high, the particles will sinter and respond similarly. Therefore, it is desirable to set the temperature within the above range.
[0013]
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus 1 for producing a photodetection thin film material of an electron donating gas composed of a transition metal oxide nanocrystalline thin film. As the target 4, a single crystal of a transition metal oxide was used (diameter: 13 to 20 mm, thickness: 1 to 5 mm). It is also possible to use a sintered body of a transition metal oxide. Reference numeral 2 denotes a reaction chamber.
The target 4 is mounted on the target support shaft 6 shown in FIG. The substrate 3 on which the oxide nanocrystals are deposited may be a material that transmits light and withstands a temperature of about 400 ° C., and a substrate 3 such as quartz glass, soda lime glass, or sapphire can be used. .
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 8 denotes a vacuum pump, reference numeral 9 denotes a pipe for introducing a gas such as argon, reference numeral 10 denotes a window for introducing a laser beam, reference numeral 11 denotes a laser, and reference numeral 12 denotes a lens.
[0014]
The positional relationship between the substrate 3 and the target 4 in the present manufacturing apparatus 1 is as shown in FIG. 2, and the distance between the substrate 3 and the target 4 can be changed from 20 mm to 60 mm, and usually 50 mm Degree.
Further, the substrate 3 and the target 4 placed on the table 5 can be rotated by a motor 7, respectively, and the rotation axis of each of them is 0 mm to 30 mm in order to improve the uniformity of the film pressure of the thin film to be formed. Offset is possible up to 10 mm. Reference numeral 13 denotes a laser beam.
[0015]
In the preparation of a thin film by laser ablation, the substrate is often heated in order to obtain a crystalline thin film, but in this case, there is no particular need to heat.
After sealingly exhausting the reaction chamber 2 of the production apparatus 1, the gas introduction valve is opened and, for example, argon gas is introduced from the pipe 9 to adjust the pressure between 5 mTorr (= 0.67 Pa) and 100 Torr (= 13.3 kPa). . Desirably, the pressure is from 5 mTorr (= 0.67 Pa) to 600 mTorr (= 80 Pa). This pressure can be appropriately adjusted so as to improve the detection performance.
The target 4 and the substrate 3 are rotated via the rotation driving motor 7 and the laser beam 13 is focused and irradiated.
As the laser to be used, lasers of various wavelengths, for example, a pulsed Nd: YAG laser, a fundamental wave, a second harmonic, a third harmonic, a fourth harmonic, or an ultraviolet pulse laser such as an excimer laser can be used. The pulse energy of the laser used is between 100 and 300 mJ per pulse.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the embodiment will be described in detail with specific examples. Note that the present embodiment is created to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the embodiment. That is, other embodiments, modifications, and aspects based on the technical idea of the present invention are all included in the present invention.
[0017]
Hereinafter, a light sensing thin film material made of transition metal oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) nanocrystallites manufactured under typical conditions will be described. The preparation conditions are as shown in Table 1. The thin film prepared under the conditions shown in Table 1 was annealed in air at 350 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a light detection thin film. Note that the heat treatment is not essential, and can be used as a light detection thin film without heat treatment.
FIG. 3 shows that immediately after the deposition of the thin film (A), the film (B) after heat treatment at 350 ° C. in air and a 1% carbon monoxide gas diluted with nitrogen at 350 ° C., and then at room temperature in air. 3 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of three types of thin films of the photodetection thin film (C) cooled to room temperature.
Although the structure of each of the thin films was a Co 3 O 4 phase, a CoO phase (mixed phase) was sometimes observed immediately after deposition depending on the preparation conditions of the thin film.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004286466
[0019]
FIG. 4 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the obtained thin film. This thin film is composed of particles having a size of about 10 to 50 nm, and has a large surface area as compared with a dense thin film.
FIG. 5 shows the structure of the sensor characteristic evaluation cell 14 used for the light detection of carbon monoxide gas. The cell 14 is placed in an ultraviolet-visible spectroscope (UV-3101PC manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and heated to 350 ° C. by a heater 18 to emit light in the air and the 1% carbon monoxide gas of the light detection thin film. The transmittance was measured.
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 15 denotes incident light, reference numeral 16 denotes radiation light shielding, reference numeral 17 denotes a support, reference numeral 19 denotes a gas inlet, reference numeral 20 denotes a gas outlet, reference numeral 21 denotes a thermocouple, and reference numeral 22 denotes a light detecting thin film material. , 23 indicates a quartz cell.
[0020]
FIG. 6 shows the result and a difference spectrum. The transmission spectrum of the thin film varies greatly depending on the gas over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm, and the rate of change is maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nm.
In addition, air and 1% carbon monoxide gas were repeatedly and alternately flowed into the cell, and the change in transmittance at a wavelength of 500 nm was recorded to evaluate the gas responsiveness of the detection thin film. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the response to the carbon monoxide gas is very reproducible.
In the above description, the Co 3 O 4 film or the Co 3 O 4 film and the mixed phase film of CoO were mainly described, but the Fe 2 O 3 film or the mixed phase film of Fe 2 O 3 and FeO, the NiO film, and the Mn 3 O 4 film were used. Alternatively, a mixed phase film of Mn 3 O 4 and MnO has the same function and effect.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, a transition metal oxide nano-microcrystalline thin film is formed by a laser ablation method using a single crystal or a sintered body of a transition metal oxide as a target without adding a second component. There is a remarkable effect that an electron donating gas such as carbon monoxide or nitric oxide can be detected by utilizing the change in the rate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing an apparatus for producing a photo-sensitive thin film material of an electron donating gas.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a target and a substrate.
FIG. 3 shows a film immediately after deposition of a detection thin film (A), a film after heat treatment at 350 ° C. (B), and exposure to 1% carbon monoxide gas diluted with nitrogen at 350 ° C., and further in air. It is a figure which shows each X-ray-diffraction pattern of the film (C) after cooling to room temperature.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of a detection thin film.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a structure of a cell used for light detection of carbon monoxide gas.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a light transmission spectrum and a difference spectrum of a detection thin film.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a change with time in light transmittance at 550 nm in air and 1% carbon monoxide gas.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Manufacturing apparatus 2 Reaction chamber 3 Substrate 4 Target 5 Unit 6 Axis 7 Motor 8 Vacuum pump 9 Pipe 10 Window for laser light introduction 11 Laser 12 Lens 13 Laser light 14 Sensor characteristic evaluation cell 15 Incident light 16 Radiation light shield 17 Support base 18 Heater 19 Gas Inlet 20 Gas Outlet 21 Thermocouple 22 Light Sensing Thin Film Material 23 Quartz Cell

Claims (12)

遷移金属酸化物ターゲットを用い、希ガス中でレーザーアブレーションにより基板上に、1〜50nmの一次粒子又はこの一次粒子が凝集した500nm以下の粒子からなる遷移金属酸化物薄膜を形成し、これを250〜400°Cに加熱して電子供与性ガスの検知を行うことを特徴とする電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。Using a transition metal oxide target, a transition metal oxide thin film composed of primary particles of 1 to 50 nm or particles of 500 nm or less in which the primary particles are aggregated is formed on a substrate by laser ablation in a rare gas. A method for detecting an electron donating gas, comprising heating to 400 ° C. to detect an electron donating gas. 電子供与性ガスの検知の際に、空気中と1%電子供与性ガスとの紫外可視分光器による光透過率の差が20%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。2. The electron donating property according to claim 1, wherein a difference in light transmittance between the air and the 1% electron donating gas by an ultraviolet-visible spectroscope is 20% or more when detecting the electron donating gas. Gas light detection method. 希ガスにArガスを使用し、圧力0.6Pa〜15kPaの範囲でレーザーアブレーションを行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。3. The method for detecting light of an electron donating gas according to claim 1, wherein laser ablation is performed at a pressure of 0.6 Pa to 15 kPa using Ar gas as a rare gas. 酸化コバルト、酸化鉄、酸化ニッケル又は酸化マンガンの焼結体若しくは単結晶の遷移金属酸化物ターゲットを用いてレーザーアブレーションを行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。The electron donating ability according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laser ablation is performed using a sintered body of cobalt oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, or manganese oxide or a single crystal transition metal oxide target. Gas light detection method. 基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚のCo膜又はCoとCoOの混相膜であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。5. The method for detecting light of an electron donating gas according to claim 4, wherein the thin film on the substrate is a Co 3 O 4 film having a thickness of 100 to 500 nm or a mixed phase film of Co 3 O 4 and CoO. 基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚のFe膜又はFeとFeOの混相膜であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。Light detection method of the electron-donating gas according to claim 4, wherein the thin film on the substrate is a mixed phase layer of 100~500nm thickness of Fe 2 O 3 film or Fe 2 O 3 and FeO. 基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚のNiO膜であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。5. The method for detecting an electron donating gas according to claim 4, wherein the thin film on the substrate is a NiO film having a thickness of 100 to 500 nm. 基板上の薄膜が100〜500nm厚のMn膜またはMnとMnOの混相膜であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。Light detection method of the electron-donating gas according to claim 4, wherein the thin film on the substrate is a mixed phase layer of Mn 3 O 4 film or Mn 3 O 4 and MnO of 100~500nm thickness. 電子供与性ガスが一酸化炭素又は一酸化窒素であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のそれぞれに記載の電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。9. The method for detecting light of an electron donating gas according to claim 1, wherein the electron donating gas is carbon monoxide or nitric oxide. 基板上に遷移金属酸化物薄膜を形成した光検知用薄膜をそのまま使用して検知を行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜9のそれぞれに記載電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。The method for detecting an electron donating gas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the detection is performed by using a thin film for light detection in which a transition metal oxide thin film is formed on a substrate. 基板上に形成した遷移金属酸化物薄膜を250〜400°Cにアニーリングして光検知用薄膜とし、これを用いて検知を行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜9のそれぞれに記載電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。The electron donating property according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the transition metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate is annealed at 250 to 400 ° C to form a light detecting thin film, and the detection is performed using the thin film. Gas light detection method. 基板上に形成した遷移金属酸化物薄膜を空気中、250〜400°Cでアニーリングして光検知用薄膜とし、これを用いて検知を行うことを特徴とする請求項11に記載電子供与性ガスの光検知方法。The electron donating gas according to claim 11, wherein the transition metal oxide thin film formed on the substrate is annealed at 250 to 400 ° C in air to form a light detection thin film, and the detection is performed using the thin film. Light detection method.
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