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JP2004279143A - Analysis method and apparatus by time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method - Google Patents

Analysis method and apparatus by time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004279143A
JP2004279143A JP2003069067A JP2003069067A JP2004279143A JP 2004279143 A JP2004279143 A JP 2004279143A JP 2003069067 A JP2003069067 A JP 2003069067A JP 2003069067 A JP2003069067 A JP 2003069067A JP 2004279143 A JP2004279143 A JP 2004279143A
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fluorescence
polarization direction
sample
excitation light
measurement
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Tatsuya Munaka
達也 務中
Hirohisa Abe
浩久 阿部
Yoichi Fujiyama
陽一 藤山
Hiroaki Nakanishi
博昭 中西
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Shimadzu Corp
National Agriculture and Bio Oriented Research Organization NARO
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National Agriculture and Bio Oriented Research Organization NARO
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6445Measuring fluorescence polarisation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6408Fluorescence; Phosphorescence with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/6456Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
    • G01N21/6458Fluorescence microscopy

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Abstract

【課題】S/N比をよくするとともに、微量な測定対象物でも時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定を可能にする。
【解決手段】パルスレーザー装置6からのパルス励起光が偏光板10により特定の偏光方向をもつ直線偏光にされ、ダイクロイックミラー8から顕微鏡4を通してマイクロチップ2中の微小空間内にある1μL以下の試料に照射される。試料から発生した蛍光は、顕微鏡4を通ってダイクロイックミラー8を透過し、偏光板10と同一の偏光方向に設定された検光子(偏光子)12を通過した後、励起光成分を除去するカットオフフィルタ14を経てストリークスコープ16に導かれて検出される。データ処理装置は、ストリークスコープ16で検出された検出信号のうち、蛍光発生から200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲の検出信号を使用して蛍光偏光解消を評価するようになっている。
【選択図】 図1
An object of the present invention is to improve the S / N ratio and to enable measurement by a time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method even for a small amount of a measurement target.
A pulse excitation light from a pulse laser device (6) is converted into linearly polarized light having a specific polarization direction by a polarizing plate (10), and a sample of 1 μL or less in a minute space in a microchip (2) through a dichroic mirror (8) and a microscope (4). Is irradiated. The fluorescence generated from the sample passes through the dichroic mirror 8 through the microscope 4, passes through the analyzer (polarizer) 12 set in the same polarization direction as the polarizing plate 10, and then cuts the excitation light component. It is guided to the streak scope 16 via the off-filter 14 and detected. The data processor evaluates fluorescence depolarization by using a detection signal in the range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds from the generation of fluorescence among the detection signals detected by the streak scope 16.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新作物、新農薬、機能性食品、医薬品などの開発分野において、生体試料の挙動を研究するのに使用される分析方法と装置に関し、特に試料中の測定対象物を蛍光標識タンパク質と結合させ、その結合した測定対象物を試料中で時間分解蛍光偏光解消法により測定する分析方法と装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
新作物、新農薬、機能性食品、医薬品などの開発分野において、高度な新製品を効率良く開発するために、物質が細胞に与える効果(例えば、遺伝子を導入した細胞が産生するタンパク質)を経時的に解析し、その効果が発現するメカニズムを捉えたいという要請がある。
【0003】
従来、細胞の機能を解析する際には、効果を確認したい物質を導入した細胞を容器の中で数時間から数日の間培養し、その上清液を分離して分析することにより細胞の機能解析が行われていた。この場合、得られる情報は、培養時間中に細胞が産生した物質の総和であり、経時的な細胞の応答を解析することは困難であった。
【0004】
経時的な細胞の応答を解析する方法の1つに蛍光偏光解消法がある(特許文献1参照。)。蛍光偏光解消法は蛍光プローブを使用し、励起光により励起された蛍光プローブから発生する蛍光の偏光性の解消により蛍光プローブで標識されたターゲットの運動性を知るものである。すなわち、ターゲットを標識している蛍光プローブが励起光により励起されて発生する蛍光の偏光性は、蛍光プローブで標識されたターゲットがブラウン運動により不規則な回転を行うことにより解消されていくことに基づいている。
【0005】
蛍光偏光解消法は1950年代にPerinによって理論化されたもので、溶液中や膜内に固定化された状態の蛍光剤の運動性を評価できることから、蛍光標識を施した生体分子の運動性の変化を観測することにより生体分子の微量検出に応用されている。蛍光偏光解消法は、蛍光プローブを検出系から分離することなく溶液中における対象分子の相互作用を解析できる特徴がある。
【0006】
時間分解蛍光偏光解消法は、蛍光偏光解消法を定常光光源ではなくパルス光源で行うことで、蛍光剤の蛍光寿命を測定することができる。
また、蛍光偏光度を測定する方法において、蛍光プローブとして、蛍光寿命が10ナノ秒から200ナノ秒の間にある蛍光色素が示されている(特許文献2参照。)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−104079号公報
【特許文献2】
特許第3255293号公報
【非特許文献1】
T.Sakamoto et al.,Study on structure of ribosomal RNA by time−resolved luminescence anisotropy analysis, Nucleic Acids Research Supplement
No.1, pp.143−144
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
刺激等により細胞が発現する物質を経時的に検出することを目的とした場合、蛍光偏光解消法は発現物質の濃度を測定することが原理的に可能であるが、測定したい蛍光以外に試料中の培地やレンズから発生する自家蛍光(背景光)がノイズとして含まれるため、これを除去しなければならない。
【0009】
特許文献1には、自家蛍光の蛍光寿命より長い蛍光寿命を有する蛍光プローブを用い、自家蛍光が充分に減衰した時点で蛍光強度を測定することにより、蛍光プローブから発生した蛍光の強度のみを測定できることが記載されている。しかし、どのような蛍光プローブを用いると自家蛍光を除去できるのかについては、具体的に記載されていない。
【0010】
仮に特許文献2に記載されているような蛍光プローブを使用したとしても、蛍光寿命が200ナノ秒以下の蛍光プローブではノイズと目的の蛍光との分離が困難である。
【0011】
測定対象物の一例として、細胞が産生する物質を挙げることができるが、細胞が産生する物質は極めて微量なため、試料を入れる容器の容積が大きいと、産生物質が不用意に薄められてしまうため、高感度な検出器を用いても検出が困難となる。特に時間分解蛍光偏光解消法では、定常光励起による蛍光偏光解消法に比べて蛍光強度が微弱になるので、測定に長時間を要することになり、経時的な測定となり得なくなってしまう。
【0012】
そこで、本発明は、蛍光プローブとして適当な蛍光寿命をもつものを選択して測定対象物の蛍光をノイズから分離してS/N(信号対ノイズ)比をよくするとともに、微量な測定対象物でも時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定を可能にすることである。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の分析方法は、試料中の測定対象物を蛍光標識タンパク質と結合させ、その結合した前記測定対象物を前記試料中で時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定により分析する方法であって、蛍光標識タンパク質の蛍光剤として蛍光寿命が200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲にあるものを使用してその蛍光寿命の少なくとも一部で時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定を行なうとともに、前記結合反応及び測定を前記試料の体積が1μL(マイクロリットル)以下の状態で行なうことを特徴とする。
【0014】
自家蛍光の寿命は比較的短く、200ナノ秒より短いことがわかった。そのため、本発明により、細胞の産生物質などの測定対象物と特異的に結合する蛍光標識タンパク質の蛍光剤の蛍光寿命を200ナノ秒以上とし、時間分解法にて200ナノ秒以上の領域の蛍光強度を測定対象とすることで、自家蛍光によるノイズを除去することができ、蛍光プローブを検出系から分離することなく溶液中における対象分子の相互作用を経時的に解析することができるようになる。
【0015】
また、蛍光標識タンパク質の蛍光剤として蛍光寿命が2マイクロ秒より長いものを使用すると、測定時の繰返し周波数を2マイクロ秒以下の場合に可能な200kHzに比べて半分以下にする必要があり、積算に時間を要することになるだけでなく、蛍光剤の発光強度が弱いものが多くなるため、適当ではない。
【0016】
測定対象物と蛍光標識タンパク質との結合反応及び時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定を試料の体積が1μL以下の状態で行なうために、測定対象物を不用意に薄めることがなくなり、微量測定が可能となる。
【0017】
この分析方法を実現する本発明の分析装置は、微小領域に試料が収容された試料容器を保持する試料保持部と、パルス励起光を出力するパルス励起光源部と、前記パルス励起光源部から出力された前記パルス励起光を特定の第1の偏光方向をもつ直線偏光にする偏光手段と、前記偏光手段により偏光方向が規定されたパルス励起光を前記試料保持部に保持された試料容器中の試料に照射する照射光学系と、前記パルス励起光の照射により前記試料から発生した蛍光のうち少なくとも前記第1の偏光方向をもつ成分を受光する受光光学系と、前記受光光学系により受光された蛍光を検出する検出手段と、前記検出手段による検出信号のうち、前記パルス励起光による試料の励起開始後、200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲の検出信号に基づいて偏光解消を求める演算手段とを備えている。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
蛍光偏光解消法による第1の測定方法は、試料に特定の偏光方向の直線偏光の励起光を照射し、受光した蛍光のうち励起光の偏光方向と等しい偏光方向の直線偏光成分に基づいて行なう方法である。
【0019】
蛍光偏光解消法による第2の測定方法は、試料に特定の偏光方向の直線偏光の励起光を照射し、受光した蛍光のうち励起光の偏光方向と等しい偏光方向及びそれに直交する偏光方向のそれぞれの直線偏光成分に基づいて蛍光異方性rを求める方法である。蛍光異方性rは励起偏光と平行な成分と直交する成分との蛍光強度の差を全蛍光強度で除した値である。蛍光異方性rの時間変化関数r(t)と分子の回転運動を表す回転相関時間(θ)には以下に次に示すような関連があるため、蛍光標識タンパク質と結合した測定対象物の回転運動を読み取ることができる。ここで示したように、複数の回転運動成分が存在する場合でも、r(t)を多成分の指数関数で近似することで個々に評価することが可能となる。
【0020】

Figure 2004279143
【0021】
ここで、
VV:蛍光の縦偏光成分強度
VH:蛍光の横偏光成分強度
D:回転拡散係数
η:粘度
V:分子の体積
k:ボルツマン定数
T:絶対温度(K)
I:個々の分子(あるいは結合部位)を表わし、上記の説明では回転運動成分
:比例係数(存在割合の比)で、aをすべて足すと1になる
【0022】
第1の測定方法により検出される蛍光も、第2の測定方法により求められる蛍光異方性rも分子の回転運動により減衰していくが、励起光の照射又は蛍光発生から一定時間後のそれらの値の変化は測定対象物量の増減を表わす。そこで、本発明の好ましい態様は、時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定を励起光の照射又は蛍光発生から一定時間後の測定値の経時変化として行なうものである。
【0023】
測定対象物の一例は生体細胞が産生する免疫物質であり、その場合プローブに用いる蛍光標識タンパク質としてその免疫物質を特異的に認識して結合する蛍光標識タンパク質を用いる。したがって、その場合の試料は、培地にそのような生体細胞と蛍光標識タンパク質を含むものである。
【0024】
蛍光寿命が200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲にある蛍光剤としては、Ru(ルテニウム)錯体をあげることができる。Ru錯体は別の目的で合成されたものである(非特許文献1参照。)が、本発明の目的の蛍光材として使用することができる。Ru錯体としては、[Ru(phen)]Cl(tris−1,10−Phenanthroline ruthenium(II)dichloride)などを挙げることができる。
[Ru(phen)]Clをタンパク質にラベルする際には、例えば
[Ru(phen)(phen−NHCO(CH)COOH)](PF(bis−(1,10−Phenanthroline),(N−(1,10−phenanthrolinyl)−succinamic acid)ruthenium(II)dihexafluorophosphate)という化合物にして用いる。
【0025】
測定対象物と蛍光標識タンパク質との結合反応及び時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定を試料の体積が1μL以下の状態で行なうようにするために、試料の体積が1μL以下となるように形成されたマイクロチップを試料容器に使用することができる。例えば石英ガラスを用いたそのようなマイクロチップ中の微小空間で試料溶液中の細胞を培養し、刺激等を行い、そのマイクロチップに細胞を収容したままで時間分解蛍光偏光解消法を適用して測定することができる。
【0026】
そのようなマイクロチップに関しては、近年、μTAS(Micro Total Analysis Systems)、LOC(Laboratory on a Chip)と称される、マイクロマシニング技術を利用してガラスやシリコンの基板上に化学分析や化学合成の機能を集積しチップ化する研究が盛んに行われており、容易に入手することができる。μTASやLOCは、主として分析装置の超小型化や微小空間での化学反応が研究の対象であるが、最近は細胞操作に関する研究が注目されつつある。いずれも共通の特徴として、1)使用する試薬や試料の大幅な低減、2)分析や反応の高速化(短時間化)、3)並列処理による分析や合成操作件数のハイスループット化、4)機能の集積による高機能化・自動化・省力化、5)システム全体の小型化などがあり、様々な分野で将来の新市場を形成するものと期待されている。
【0027】
次に、本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明する。
本発明の分析装置の一実施例を図1に示す。
試料が収容された試料容器として、1μL以下の試料を収容するマイクロチップ2を使用する。マイクロチップ2は顕微鏡4の試料保持台に保持する。パルス励起光を出力するパルス励起光源部としてパルスレーザー装置6が設けられており、パルスレーザー装置6からのパルス励起光をマイクロチップ2の試料に照射するために、励起光波長の光を反射し、試料からの蛍光を透過させるダイクロイックミラー8が設けられている。パルスレーザー装置6から出力されたパルス励起光を特定の偏光方向、例えば縦方向の偏光方向をもつ直線偏光にする偏光手段として偏光板10が、パルスレーザー装置6とダイクロイックミラー8の間の光路上に配置されている。これにより、偏光板10により偏光方向が規定されたパルス励起光が顕微鏡4を通してマイクロチップ2中の微小空間内にある試料に照射される。ダイクロイックミラー8と顕微鏡4は照射光学系を構成している。
【0028】
パルス励起光の照射により試料から発生した蛍光は、顕微鏡4を通ってダイクロイックミラー8を透過し、偏光板10と同一の偏光方向に設定された検光子(偏光素子)12を通過した後、励起光成分を除去するカットオフフィルタ14を経て検出手段のストリークスコープ16に導かれて検出される。顕微鏡4、検光子12及びカットオフフィルタ14は受光光学系を構成している。
【0029】
演算手段(図示略)は、ストリークスコープ16で検出された検出信号のうち、蛍光発生から200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲の検出信号を使用して蛍光偏光解消を評価するようになっている。演算手段はデータ処理装置の機能に含ませることもできる。
【0030】
検出に用いるストリークスコープ16は、検出すべき光量が少ない場合には、フォトンカウンティングモードで高感度な検出が可能であり、光量が多い場合にはアナログ計測により高速の検出ができるという特徴をもっている。しかし、ストリークスコープ16に替えて、TAC(時間―電圧変換器)法を用いたTCSPC(時間相関単一格子計数法)方式の検出器を用いてよい。
【0031】
検光子12を偏光板10と同方向に設置した場合に、IVVすなわち蛍光の縦偏光成分強度が得られ、検光子12を偏光板10と直交する方向に設置した場合にはIVHすなわち蛍光の横偏光成分強度が得られる。そこで、他の実施例として、受光光学系に検光子12を回転させる回転機構を設けることができる。検光子12を回転させることによりIVVとIVHを得ることができる。検光子12の回転は手動と自動のどちらでもよい。
【0032】
さらに他の実施例として、検光子を用いずに、入射光の縦偏光と横偏光を分離することのできる偏光ビームスプリッターを受光光学系に設け、その偏光ビームスプリッターを使用して蛍光の縦偏光成分と横偏光成分を検出器に導いてIVVとIVHを同時に検出するようにしてもよい。この場合にはストリークスコープ等の検出器が2個必要となる。
得られたIVV、IVHを演算手段で演算することで蛍光異方性を求めることができる。この演算手段もデータ処理装置の機能に含ませることもできる。
【0033】
培養液中やレンズ等に含まれる蛍光物質のノイズ成分を除去する目的と時間分解蛍光偏向解消法を行うために、本発明では蛍光寿命が200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒である蛍光剤を使用する。そのため、一実施例では、Ru錯体である[Ru(phen)]Clを用いる。この蛍光剤の蛍光寿命は、1300〜1400nsecであり、ノイズ成分の除去はもちろん、かなり遅い運動(偏光解消)も測定可能であるため、計測できる用途が広い。比較のために示すと、一般に良く用いられるフルオレセインの蛍光寿命は4nsecである。
【0034】
この実施例において使用したマイクロチップ2の一例を図2に示す。(A)は平面図、(B)はその流路に沿った断面図である。
マイクロチップ2は3枚のガラス基板20,22,24が接合されて構成されている。ガラス基板20は厚みが1.0mmの石英ガラス、ガラス基板22は厚みが0.5mmの石英ガラス、ガラス基板24は厚みが0.17mmのカバーガラスである。カバーガラスの材質は限定されないが、石英、BK−7、パイレックス(登録商標)など、自家蛍光の少ないものが望ましい。
【0035】
ガラス基板20の片面には、数百μm以下の幅と深さを持つ微小な流路溝26と、流路溝26の両端部に位置する試料導入(Inlet)及び排出(Outlet)のための貫通穴28,30が形成されている。ガラス基板22には流路溝26の中央部に該当する位置に直径が1mmの細胞培養室用の貫通穴32があけられている。ガラス基板24は加工を施していない平坦な板である。
【0036】
ガラス基板20の流路溝26が形成されている面とガラス基板22の片面とを向かい合わせて密着させ、さらにガラス基板22の裏面にガラス基板24を密着させた状態で、それぞれのガラス基板間を例えばフッ酸溶液による接合などの手段で液密に接合することにより、このマイクロチップ2が構成されている。
マイクロチップ2中の培養室32の形状は直径1mm、深さが0.5mmで、容量は約0.4μLである。
【0037】
次に、この実施例により測定した結果を示す。
まず、時間分解測定により自家蛍光ノイズが除去できることを図3により説明する。図3のデータは、培養室に培地(10mM Tris HClバッファ液(pH7.5))のみを導入した場合と、その培地に濃度10μMのRu錯体([Ru(phen)]Cl)蛍光プローブを加えた場合について、波長410nmで励起し、検出器側に500nm以下をカットするフィルターを設け、中心波長583nmで蛍光を検出し、繰返し周波数200kHz、積算時間600秒でそれぞれの蛍光寿命を測定し比較したものである。横軸は時間、縦軸はストリークスコープのフォトンカウンティングモードで測定したカウント値である。
【0038】
図3から分かるように、培地等の自家蛍光の寿命は200ナノ秒以下であり、蛍光発光開始から200ナノ秒以降の測定結果に着目することでノイズの除去が可能である。
【0039】
次に、細胞の産生する物質を経時的に捉えた例として、マイクロチップ中において細胞(ハイブリドーマ)により産生されるIgG抗体を、Ru錯体([Ru(phen)]Cl)と結合したプロテインA(抗体[IgG]を特異的に認識し結合する)を蛍光標識タンパク質(蛍光プローブ)に用いて検出を試みた結果を図4に示す。これは、ハイブリドーマをマイクロチップ2の培養室32に導入し、マイクロチップ2の試料導入口28から培地を水頭差により導入して交換した時を時間ゼロとして、そのゼロ時の状態と、4時間後の状態とで蛍光異方性の時間変化関数を比べたものである。
【0040】
この結果によれば、時間ゼロ時にはほぼゼロであった蛍光異方性が、4時間後には初期値が0.1程度にまで増加していることわかる。これは、プロテインAにIgGが結合したために分子量が増えて分子の回転が遅くなり、蛍光異方性が増加したことを示しており、本発明により細胞の産生する物質を経時的に捉えることができることを示している。
【0041】
細胞からの発現物質を経時的に解析するための実施例のマイクロチップ及び測定装置は、細胞の直接観察が可能な構成であるため、細胞そのものを経時的に解析する装置としても応用可能である。例えば、DNAウイルスワクチンなどの遺伝子を導入することにより細胞表面に出現する抗原をリアルタイムで検出したり、物質導入による細胞の形態変化の様子をリアルタイムで観察することができる。さらには、細胞内に蓄積される物質のリアルタイム検出などにも応用可能であり、細胞の機能解析分野において様々な用途に利用されるものと期待できる。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定において、蛍光プローブの蛍光剤として蛍光寿命が200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲にあるものを使用してその蛍光寿命内の少なくとも一部で測定を行なうとともに、反応及び測定を試料の体積が1μL以下の状態で行なうようにしたので、自家蛍光によるノイズを除去することができ、測定対象物を不用意に薄めることがなくなり、微量測定が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】一実施例の分析装置を示す概略構成図である。
【図2】同実施例において使用したマイクロチップの一例を示す図であり、(A)は平面図、(B)はその流路に沿った断面図である。
【図3】時間分解測定により求められた培地とRu錯体のそれぞれの蛍光を示すグラフである。
【図4】細胞(ハイブリドーマ)により産生されるIgG抗体による蛍光異方性を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
2 マイクロチップ
4 顕微鏡
6 パルスレーザー装置
8 ダイクロイックミラー
10 偏光板
12 検光子
16 ストリークスコープ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an analysis method and an apparatus used for studying the behavior of a biological sample in the fields of development of new crops, new pesticides, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and the like. The present invention relates to an analysis method and an apparatus for measuring a bound measurement object in a sample by a time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the fields of development of new crops, new pesticides, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, etc., the effect of a substance on cells (eg, protein produced by cells into which genes have been introduced) over time is needed to efficiently develop advanced new products. There is a demand to analyze the mechanism and to understand the mechanism of the effect.
[0003]
Conventionally, when analyzing the function of cells, cells into which a substance whose effect is to be confirmed are introduced are cultured in a container for several hours to several days, and the supernatant is separated and analyzed. Functional analysis was being performed. In this case, the information obtained is the sum of substances produced by the cells during the culture time, and it has been difficult to analyze the response of the cells over time.
[0004]
One of the methods for analyzing the response of cells over time is a fluorescence depolarization method (see Patent Document 1). The fluorescence depolarization method uses a fluorescent probe and knows the mobility of a target labeled with the fluorescent probe by depolarizing the fluorescence generated from the fluorescent probe excited by the excitation light. In other words, the polarization of the fluorescence generated when the fluorescent probe that is labeling the target is excited by the excitation light is eliminated by the irregular rotation of the target labeled with the fluorescent probe due to Brownian motion. Based on.
[0005]
The fluorescence depolarization method was theorized by Perin in the 1950's and can evaluate the mobility of a fluorescent agent immobilized in a solution or in a membrane. By observing the change, it has been applied to the detection of trace amounts of biomolecules. The fluorescence depolarization method is characterized in that the interaction of a target molecule in a solution can be analyzed without separating a fluorescent probe from a detection system.
[0006]
In the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method, the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent agent can be measured by performing the fluorescence depolarization method with a pulse light source instead of a stationary light source.
Further, in the method for measuring the degree of fluorescence polarization, a fluorescent dye having a fluorescence lifetime between 10 nanoseconds and 200 nanoseconds is shown as a fluorescent probe (see Patent Document 2).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-104079 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent No. 3255293 [Non-Patent Document 1]
T. Sakamoto et al. , Study on structure of ribosomal RNA by time-resolved luminescence anisotropy analysis, Nucleic Acids Research Supplement.
No. 1, pp. 143-144
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the purpose is to detect a substance expressed by cells over time due to stimulation or the like, the fluorescence depolarization method can measure the concentration of the expressed substance in principle. Autofluorescence (background light) generated from the medium and the lens is included as noise and must be removed.
[0009]
Patent Literature 1 discloses that only the intensity of the fluorescence generated from the fluorescent probe is measured by using a fluorescent probe having a fluorescence lifetime longer than that of the autofluorescence and measuring the fluorescence intensity when the autofluorescence is sufficiently attenuated. It states that it can. However, it does not specifically describe what kind of fluorescent probe can be used to remove autofluorescence.
[0010]
Even if a fluorescent probe as described in Patent Document 2 is used, it is difficult to separate noise from target fluorescence with a fluorescent probe having a fluorescence lifetime of 200 nanoseconds or less.
[0011]
As an example of the measurement object, there is a substance produced by cells, but the substance produced by cells is extremely small, so if the volume of the container containing the sample is large, the produced substance is inadvertently diluted. Therefore, even if a highly sensitive detector is used, detection becomes difficult. In particular, in the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method, the fluorescence intensity is weaker than in the fluorescence depolarization method using the excitation of stationary light, so that a long time is required for the measurement, and the measurement cannot be performed over time.
[0012]
Therefore, the present invention selects a fluorescent probe having an appropriate fluorescence lifetime and separates the fluorescence of the measurement object from noise to improve the S / N (signal-to-noise) ratio, and a small amount of the measurement object. However, the purpose is to enable measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The analysis method of the present invention is a method of binding a measurement target in a sample to a fluorescently labeled protein, and analyzing the bound measurement target in the sample by time-resolved fluorescence depolarization measurement. Using a fluorescent agent having a fluorescence lifetime in the range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds as a fluorescent agent of a labeled protein, performing measurement by a time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method for at least a part of the fluorescence lifetime, and performing the binding reaction and the measurement. Is performed in a state where the volume of the sample is 1 μL (microliter) or less.
[0014]
The lifetime of autofluorescence was found to be relatively short, less than 200 nanoseconds. Therefore, according to the present invention, the fluorescence lifetime of a fluorescent agent of a fluorescently labeled protein that specifically binds to a measurement target such as a cell-producing substance is set to 200 nanoseconds or more, and the fluorescence of a region of 200 nanoseconds or more by By measuring intensity, noise due to autofluorescence can be removed, and the interaction of target molecules in a solution can be analyzed with time without separating the fluorescent probe from the detection system. .
[0015]
Further, when a fluorescent agent having a fluorescence lifetime longer than 2 microseconds is used as the fluorescent agent of the fluorescently labeled protein, the repetition frequency at the time of measurement must be reduced to half or less than 200 kHz which is possible when the frequency is 2 microseconds or less. In addition to this, not only is it necessary to take a long time, but also the emission intensity of the fluorescent agent increases, which is not appropriate.
[0016]
Since the binding reaction between the measurement target and the fluorescently labeled protein and the measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method are performed in a sample volume of 1 μL or less, the measurement target does not inadvertently be thinned and a trace amount measurement is possible. It becomes.
[0017]
The analyzer of the present invention that realizes this analysis method includes a sample holding unit that holds a sample container containing a sample in a minute area, a pulse excitation light source unit that outputs pulse excitation light, and an output from the pulse excitation light source unit. A polarizing means for converting the pulsed excitation light into linearly polarized light having a specific first polarization direction, and a pulsed light having a polarization direction defined by the polarizing means in a sample container held in the sample holding unit. An irradiation optical system for irradiating the sample, a light receiving optical system for receiving at least a component having the first polarization direction out of fluorescence generated from the sample by irradiation of the pulsed excitation light, and light received by the light receiving optical system Detecting means for detecting fluorescence, based on a detection signal in a range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds after the start of the excitation of the sample by the pulsed excitation light among the detection signals of the detection means. And a calculation means for obtaining the depolarization.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The first measurement method by the fluorescence depolarization method irradiates a sample with linearly polarized excitation light having a specific polarization direction and performs the measurement based on a linearly polarized light component having a polarization direction equal to the polarization direction of the excitation light among the received fluorescence. Is the way.
[0019]
The second measurement method by the fluorescence depolarization method irradiates a sample with excitation light of a linearly polarized light having a specific polarization direction, and in the received fluorescence, a polarization direction equal to the polarization direction of the excitation light and a polarization direction orthogonal to the polarization direction. Is a method for obtaining the fluorescence anisotropy r based on the linearly polarized light component of The fluorescence anisotropy r is a value obtained by dividing the difference in fluorescence intensity between the component parallel to the excitation polarization and the component orthogonal to the excitation polarization by the total fluorescence intensity. Since the time change function r (t) of the fluorescence anisotropy r and the rotational correlation time (θ) representing the rotational motion of the molecule have the following relationship, Rotational movement can be read. As shown here, even when there are a plurality of rotational motion components, it is possible to individually evaluate r (t) by approximating r (t) with a multi-component exponential function.
[0020]
Figure 2004279143
[0021]
here,
I VV : intensity of longitudinally polarized light component of fluorescence I VH : intensity of transversely polarized light component of fluorescence D: rotational diffusion coefficient η: viscosity V: volume of molecule k: Boltzmann constant T: absolute temperature (K)
I: represents an individual molecule (or a binding site). In the above description, the rotational motion component a i is a proportionality coefficient (ratio of existence ratio), and when all ai are added, 1 is obtained.
Both the fluorescence detected by the first measurement method and the fluorescence anisotropy r obtained by the second measurement method attenuate due to the rotational movement of the molecule. The change in the value indicates the increase or decrease in the amount of the object to be measured. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method is performed as a change with time of a measured value after a certain time from irradiation with excitation light or generation of fluorescence.
[0023]
One example of the measurement target is an immunological substance produced by a living cell. In this case, a fluorescently labeled protein that specifically recognizes and binds to the immunological substance is used as a fluorescently labeled protein used as a probe. Therefore, the sample in that case contains such a living cell and a fluorescently labeled protein in the medium.
[0024]
Examples of the fluorescent agent having a fluorescence lifetime in the range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds include a Ru (ruthenium) complex. The Ru complex was synthesized for another purpose (see Non-Patent Document 1), but can be used as a fluorescent material for the purpose of the present invention. Examples of the Ru complex include [Ru (phen) 3 ] Cl 2 (tris-1,10-phenanthroline ruthenium (II) dichloride).
When labeling a protein with [Ru (phen) 3 ] Cl 2 , for example, [Ru (phen) 2 (phen-NHCO (CH) 2 COOH)] (PF 6 ) 2 (bis- (1,10-Phenanthroline) ), (N- (1,10-phenanthrolinyl) -succinamic acid) ruthenium (II) dihexafluorophosphate.
[0025]
The sample was formed so as to have a volume of 1 μL or less so that the binding reaction between the measurement target and the fluorescence-labeled protein and the measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method were performed with the sample volume being 1 μL or less. A microchip can be used for a sample container. For example, cells in a sample solution are cultured in a micro space in such a microchip using quartz glass, stimulation is performed, and time-resolved fluorescence depolarization is applied while the cells are stored in the microchip. Can be measured.
[0026]
In recent years, such a microchip has been subjected to chemical analysis or chemical synthesis on a glass or silicon substrate using micromachining technology called μTAS (Micro Total Analysis Systems) or LOC (Laboratory on a Chip). Research on integrating functions into chips has been actively conducted and can be easily obtained. For μTAS and LOC, the research target is mainly the miniaturization of analyzers and chemical reactions in a minute space. Recently, research on cell manipulation has been attracting attention. Both have common features: 1) drastic reduction in the number of reagents and samples used, 2) faster analysis and reaction (shorter time), 3) higher throughput of analysis and synthesis operations by parallel processing, 4) It is expected to form a future new market in various fields due to high functionality, automation, labor saving by integration of functions, and 5) miniaturization of the whole system.
[0027]
Next, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
One embodiment of the analyzer of the present invention is shown in FIG.
A microchip 2 containing 1 μL or less of a sample is used as a sample container containing a sample. The microchip 2 is held on a sample holder of the microscope 4. A pulse laser device 6 is provided as a pulse excitation light source unit that outputs pulse excitation light. In order to irradiate the pulse excitation light from the pulse laser device 6 to the sample of the microchip 2, light of the excitation light wavelength is reflected. And a dichroic mirror 8 for transmitting the fluorescence from the sample. A polarizing plate 10 is provided on the optical path between the pulse laser device 6 and the dichroic mirror 8 as a polarizing means for converting the pulse excitation light output from the pulse laser device 6 into a linear polarization having a specific polarization direction, for example, a vertical polarization direction. Are located in Thus, the sample in the minute space in the microchip 2 is irradiated with the pulse excitation light whose polarization direction is defined by the polarizing plate 10 through the microscope 4. The dichroic mirror 8 and the microscope 4 constitute an irradiation optical system.
[0028]
The fluorescence generated from the sample by irradiation with the pulse excitation light passes through the dichroic mirror 8 through the microscope 4, passes through the analyzer (polarizing element) 12 set in the same polarization direction as the polarizing plate 10, and then is excited. The light is guided to a streak scope 16 as a detecting means via a cutoff filter 14 for removing a light component, and is detected. The microscope 4, the analyzer 12, and the cutoff filter 14 constitute a light receiving optical system.
[0029]
The calculation means (not shown) evaluates the fluorescence depolarization using the detection signal in the range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds from the generation of the fluorescence among the detection signals detected by the streak scope 16. . The calculation means may be included in the function of the data processing device.
[0030]
The streak scope 16 used for detection has a feature that when the amount of light to be detected is small, high-sensitivity detection can be performed in the photon counting mode, and when the amount of light is large, high-speed detection can be performed by analog measurement. However, instead of the streak scope 16, a detector of the TCSPC (time correlation single grid counting method) using the TAC (time-voltage converter) method may be used.
[0031]
The analyzer 12 in the case of installing the polarizing plate 10 in the same direction, to obtain the vertical polarization component intensity of I VV i.e. fluorescence, I VH i.e. fluorescence when installed the analyzer 12 in a direction perpendicular to the polarizer 10 Is obtained. Therefore, as another embodiment, a rotation mechanism for rotating the analyzer 12 can be provided in the light receiving optical system. By rotating the analyzer 12, IVV and IVH can be obtained. The rotation of the analyzer 12 may be either manual or automatic.
[0032]
As still another embodiment, without using an analyzer, a polarizing beam splitter capable of separating longitudinally polarized light and transversely polarized light of incident light is provided in a receiving optical system, and longitudinal polarization of fluorescence is performed using the polarizing beam splitter. The component and the transverse polarization component may be guided to a detector to detect IVV and IVH simultaneously. In this case, two detectors such as a streak scope are required.
By calculating the obtained I VV and I VH by the calculation means, the fluorescence anisotropy can be obtained. This calculating means can also be included in the function of the data processing device.
[0033]
In the present invention, a fluorescent agent having a fluorescence lifetime of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds is used for the purpose of removing a noise component of a fluorescent substance contained in a culture solution, a lens, or the like and performing a time-resolved fluorescence deflection elimination method. . Therefore, in one embodiment, the Ru complex [Ru (phen) 3 ] Cl 2 is used. The fluorescence lifetime of this fluorescent agent is 1300 to 1400 nsec, and it can measure not only a noise component but also a considerably slow motion (depolarization), so that it can be used for a wide range of applications. For comparison, the fluorescence lifetime of fluorescein, which is commonly used, is 4 nsec.
[0034]
FIG. 2 shows an example of the microchip 2 used in this embodiment. (A) is a plan view, and (B) is a cross-sectional view along the flow path.
The microchip 2 is configured by joining three glass substrates 20, 22, and 24. The glass substrate 20 is a quartz glass having a thickness of 1.0 mm, the glass substrate 22 is a quartz glass having a thickness of 0.5 mm, and the glass substrate 24 is a cover glass having a thickness of 0.17 mm. Although the material of the cover glass is not limited, a material having a small autofluorescence such as quartz, BK-7, or Pyrex (registered trademark) is desirable.
[0035]
On one surface of the glass substrate 20, a minute flow channel 26 having a width and a depth of several hundred μm or less, and sample introduction (Inlet) and discharge (Outlet) positioned at both ends of the flow channel 26 are provided. Through holes 28 and 30 are formed. A through-hole 32 for a cell culture chamber having a diameter of 1 mm is formed in the glass substrate 22 at a position corresponding to the center of the channel groove 26. The glass substrate 24 is a flat plate that has not been processed.
[0036]
The surface of the glass substrate 20 where the flow channel 26 is formed and one surface of the glass substrate 22 face and adhere to each other, and the glass substrate 24 is further adhered to the back surface of the glass substrate 22. Are joined in a liquid-tight manner by, for example, joining with a hydrofluoric acid solution, thereby forming the microchip 2.
The culture chamber 32 in the microchip 2 has a diameter of 1 mm, a depth of 0.5 mm, and a capacity of about 0.4 μL.
[0037]
Next, results measured by this example are shown.
First, the fact that autofluorescence noise can be removed by time-resolved measurement will be described with reference to FIG. The data in FIG. 3 show the case where only the culture medium (10 mM Tris HCl buffer solution (pH 7.5)) was introduced into the culture chamber and the case where a 10 μM Ru complex ([Ru (phen) 3 ] Cl 2 ) fluorescent probe was introduced into the culture medium. Was added, a filter that excites at a wavelength of 410 nm, a filter that cuts 500 nm or less was provided on the detector side, fluorescence was detected at a center wavelength of 583 nm, and each fluorescence lifetime was measured at a repetition frequency of 200 kHz and an integration time of 600 seconds. It is a comparison. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is a count value measured in the photon counting mode of the streak scope.
[0038]
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the lifetime of the autofluorescence of the medium or the like is 200 nanoseconds or less, and noise can be removed by focusing on the measurement results after 200 nanoseconds from the start of the fluorescence emission.
[0039]
Next, as an example in which a substance produced by a cell is captured over time, an IgG antibody produced by a cell (hybridoma) in a microchip is bound to a Ru complex ([Ru (phen) 3 ] Cl 2 ) protein. FIG. 4 shows the results of trying detection using A (specifically recognizing and binding to antibody [IgG]) as a fluorescently labeled protein (fluorescent probe). This means that the time when the hybridoma is introduced into the culture chamber 32 of the microchip 2 and the medium is introduced through the sample introduction port 28 of the microchip 2 by head difference and replaced is set to time zero, the state at the time of zero, and the time of four hours It is a comparison of the time change function of the fluorescence anisotropy with the later state.
[0040]
According to this result, it can be seen that the fluorescence anisotropy, which was almost zero at time zero, increased to an initial value of about 0.1 after four hours. This indicates that the molecular weight increased due to the binding of IgG to protein A, the rotation of the molecule was slowed, and the fluorescence anisotropy was increased. According to the present invention, it is possible to capture the substance produced by the cells over time. Indicates that you can do it.
[0041]
The microchip and the measuring device of the embodiment for analyzing an expression substance from a cell over time can be applied as a device for analyzing the cell itself over time because it has a configuration that allows direct observation of the cell. . For example, it is possible to detect in real time an antigen appearing on the cell surface by introducing a gene such as a DNA virus vaccine, or to observe in real time how the morphology of a cell changes due to the introduction of a substance. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to real-time detection of a substance accumulated in a cell, and is expected to be used for various uses in the field of cell function analysis.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, in the measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method, a fluorescent agent having a fluorescence lifetime in a range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds is used as a fluorescent agent of a fluorescent probe, and measurement is performed at least in part of the fluorescence lifetime. As well as performing the reaction and measurement in a state where the sample volume is 1 μL or less, noise due to autofluorescence can be removed, and the measurement object can be prevented from being inadvertently thinned, making it possible to measure trace amounts. Become.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an analyzer according to one embodiment.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing an example of a microchip used in the embodiment, in which FIG. 2A is a plan view and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view along a flow path thereof.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing respective fluorescences of a medium and a Ru complex determined by time-resolved measurement.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the fluorescence anisotropy of an IgG antibody produced by cells (hybridomas).
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Microchip 4 Microscope 6 Pulse laser device 8 Dichroic mirror 10 Polarizing plate 12 Analyzer 16 Streak scope

Claims (9)

試料中の測定対象物を蛍光標識タンパク質と結合させ、その結合した前記測定対象物を前記試料中で時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定により分析する方法であって、
前記蛍光標識タンパク質の蛍光剤として蛍光寿命が200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲にあるものを使用してその蛍光寿命内の少なくとも一部で前記測定を行なうとともに、前記結合反応及び測定を前記試料の体積が1μL以下の状態で行なうことを特徴とする分析方法。
A method in which a measurement target in a sample is bound to a fluorescently labeled protein, and the bound measurement target is analyzed in the sample by time-resolved fluorescence depolarization measurement.
Using a fluorescent agent having a fluorescence lifetime in a range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds as the fluorescent agent of the fluorescently labeled protein, performing the measurement at least in part of the fluorescence lifetime, and performing the binding reaction and the measurement on the sample. An analysis method characterized in that the analysis is performed in a state where the volume of the sample is 1 μL or less.
前記時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定は、試料に特定の偏光方向の直線偏光の励起光を照射し、受光した蛍光のうち励起光の偏光方向と等しい偏光方向の直線偏光成分に基づいて行なう請求項1に記載の分析方法。The measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method is performed by irradiating a sample with a linearly polarized excitation light having a specific polarization direction, and performing a measurement based on a linearly polarized light component having a polarization direction equal to the polarization direction of the excitation light among the received fluorescence. Item 7. The analysis method according to Item 1. 前記時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定は、試料に特定の偏光方向の直線偏光の励起光を照射し、受光した蛍光のうち励起光の偏光方向と等しい偏光方向及びそれに直交する偏光方向のそれぞれの直線偏光成分に基づいて蛍光異方性を求めるものである請求項1に記載の分析方法。The measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method irradiates the sample with excitation light of a linearly polarized light having a specific polarization direction, and in the received fluorescence, a polarization direction equal to the polarization direction of the excitation light and a polarization direction orthogonal to the polarization direction. The analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescence anisotropy is determined based on the linearly polarized light component. 前記時間分解蛍光偏光解消法による測定は、励起光の照射又は蛍光発生から一定時間後の経時変化を測定するものである請求項2又は3に記載の分析方法。The analysis method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the measurement by the time-resolved fluorescence depolarization method is a method of measuring a temporal change after a predetermined time from irradiation of excitation light or generation of fluorescence. 前記試料は、免疫物質を産生する生体細胞と、その免疫物質を測定対象物として特異的に認識して結合する蛍光標識タンパク質とを含む請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の分析方法。The analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sample includes a biological cell that produces an immunological substance and a fluorescently labeled protein that specifically recognizes and binds to the immunological substance as a measurement target. 前記蛍光剤はRu錯体である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の分析方法。The analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent agent is a Ru complex. 微小領域に試料が収容された試料容器を保持する試料保持部と、
パルス励起光を出力するパルス励起光源部と、
前記パルス励起光源部から出力された前記パルス励起光を特定の偏光方向をもつ直線偏光にする偏光手段と、
前記偏光手段により偏光方向が規定されたパルス励起光を前記試料保持部に保持された試料容器中の試料に照射する照射光学系と、
前記パルス励起光の照射により前記試料から発生した蛍光のうち少なくとも励起光の偏光方向と等しい偏光方向をもつ成分を受光する受光光学系と、
前記受光光学系により受光された蛍光を検出する検出手段と、
前記検出手段による検出信号のうち、前記パルス励起光による試料の励起開始後、200ナノ秒から2マイクロ秒の範囲の検出信号に基づいて偏光解消を求める演算手段とを備えたことを特徴とする分析装置。
A sample holding unit for holding a sample container containing a sample in a minute area,
A pulse excitation light source section that outputs pulse excitation light,
Polarizing means for converting the pulsed excitation light output from the pulsed excitation light source to linearly polarized light having a specific polarization direction,
An irradiation optical system that irradiates a sample in a sample container held by the sample holding unit with pulsed excitation light whose polarization direction is defined by the polarizing unit,
A light receiving optical system that receives a component having a polarization direction equal to the polarization direction of at least the excitation light among the fluorescence generated from the sample by irradiation of the pulse excitation light,
Detecting means for detecting fluorescence received by the light receiving optical system,
And calculating means for obtaining depolarization based on a detection signal in a range of 200 nanoseconds to 2 microseconds after the start of excitation of the sample by the pulsed excitation light among the detection signals of the detection means. Analysis equipment.
前記受光光学系は受光した蛍光の直線偏光成分を取り出す偏光素子と、その偏光素子の偏光方向を回転させる回転機構を含む光学系を備え、
前記演算手段は検出されたそれぞれの直線偏光成分に基づいて蛍光異方性を求めるものである請求項7に記載の分析装置。
The light receiving optical system includes a polarizing element for extracting a linearly polarized light component of the received fluorescence light, and an optical system including a rotation mechanism for rotating the polarization direction of the polarizing element,
The analyzer according to claim 7, wherein the calculation unit calculates the fluorescence anisotropy based on each of the detected linearly polarized light components.
前記受光光学系は受光した蛍光を励起光の偏光方向と等しい偏光方向及びそれに直交する偏光方向のそれぞれの直線偏光成分に分割する光学系を備え、
前記検出手段は前記受光光学系により分割されたそれぞれの直線偏光成分を検出するものであり、
前記演算手段は検出されたそれぞれの直線偏光成分に基づいて蛍光異方性を求めるものである請求項7に記載の分析装置。
The light receiving optical system includes an optical system that divides the received fluorescence into respective linearly polarized light components having a polarization direction equal to the polarization direction of the excitation light and a polarization direction orthogonal to the polarization direction,
The detecting means is for detecting each linearly polarized light component divided by the light receiving optical system,
The analyzer according to claim 7, wherein the calculation unit calculates the fluorescence anisotropy based on each of the detected linearly polarized light components.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007139744A (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-06-07 Korea Inst Of Scinence & Technology Method and apparatus for measuring fluorescence polarization in lab-on-a-chip
JP2007155603A (en) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-21 Kyoto Institute Of Technology Analysis method using fluorescence depolarization
JP2017521667A (en) * 2014-07-15 2017-08-03 バリタセル リミテッド Method for measuring antibody concentration in a sample
US9851291B2 (en) 2016-05-02 2017-12-26 Hamilton Associates, Inc. Realtime optical method and system for detecting and classifying biological and non-biological particles
JPWO2019151114A1 (en) * 2018-02-01 2021-01-28 Agc株式会社 Cell culture vessel

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007139744A (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-06-07 Korea Inst Of Scinence & Technology Method and apparatus for measuring fluorescence polarization in lab-on-a-chip
JP2007155603A (en) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-21 Kyoto Institute Of Technology Analysis method using fluorescence depolarization
JP2017521667A (en) * 2014-07-15 2017-08-03 バリタセル リミテッド Method for measuring antibody concentration in a sample
US9851291B2 (en) 2016-05-02 2017-12-26 Hamilton Associates, Inc. Realtime optical method and system for detecting and classifying biological and non-biological particles
US10908064B2 (en) 2016-05-02 2021-02-02 Hamilton Associates, Inc. Realtime optical method and system for detecting and classifying biological and non-biological particles
JPWO2019151114A1 (en) * 2018-02-01 2021-01-28 Agc株式会社 Cell culture vessel

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