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JP2004261489A - Radiation imaging apparatus - Google Patents

Radiation imaging apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004261489A
JP2004261489A JP2003056915A JP2003056915A JP2004261489A JP 2004261489 A JP2004261489 A JP 2004261489A JP 2003056915 A JP2003056915 A JP 2003056915A JP 2003056915 A JP2003056915 A JP 2003056915A JP 2004261489 A JP2004261489 A JP 2004261489A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
image
radiation
exposure
speed
ray
Prior art date
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Pending
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JP2003056915A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Ken Ishikawa
謙 石川
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Hitachi Healthcare Manufacturing Ltd
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Hitachi Medical Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Medical Corp filed Critical Hitachi Medical Corp
Priority to JP2003056915A priority Critical patent/JP2004261489A/en
Publication of JP2004261489A publication Critical patent/JP2004261489A/en
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  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a radiation imaging apparatus constituted so as to reduce the influence of the body motion of a subject and capable of obtaining an energy difference image between images taken by first and second radiation exposures at a high speed, respectively. <P>SOLUTION: The radiation imaging apparatus is constituted so that a first exposure time of two continuous exposures is set as the first time using an imaging switch 8 and an imaging controller 4 controls an X-ray high-voltage generator 2 so as to perform not only the first exposure for the first time but also the second exposure for a time longer than the first time. An X-ray plane detector 3 reads the image at the time of first exposure of two continuous exposures at a high speed in a low-precision mode and reads the image at the time of second exposure at a low speed in a high-precision mode. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は放射線画像撮像装置に係わり、特に体動に影響されずに短時間でエネルギー差分画像を取得できる放射線画像撮像装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の放射線画像撮像装置は、[非特許文献1]に記載されるように、同一の患者(被検体)を二つの線質で撮影し、それらの撮影画像に適当な重みを付けて差分を取ることにより、線質による吸収係数の変化の違いを画像化するエネルギー差分画像取得があり、胸部画像から障害陰影である骨像を除いて肺野の結節の存在診断などに用いられている。
また、放射線画像撮像装置に用いられる放射線検出器は、[非特許文献2]に記載されるように、高速・低精細度の画像読出しと、低速・高精細度の画像読出しの二つの読出しモードを備えたX線画像検出器がある。
【0003】
【非特許文献1】
飯沼他、「X線イメージング」、コロナ社(東京)、2001年発行、36,160頁
【非特許文献2】
K.Suzuki et al., Proc.SPIE, Vol.4682 2002年、363頁
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、エネルギー差分画像取得を行うには2回の曝射が必要だが、1回目の曝射後その画像読出しが終了しなければ2回目の曝射ができない。その1回目と2回目の曝射時間があいてしまえば、被検体の呼吸動などの体動の影響が出るため、正確なエネルギー差分画像が得られない、あるいは、1回目と2回目の画像の位置合わせに煩雑な手間を要するという問題があった。
【0005】
また、2枚のイメージングプレートを使い、その間に線質フィルタを挟むことにより、1回の撮影でエネルギー特性の異なる2種類の画像を得るエネルギー差分画像取得法もあるが(浜川他、日放技誌、Vol.41(1985年)、p.1070)、フィルタにより被検体透過後のX線の利用効率が低下する、2枚のイメージングプレートからの画像読出しが必要なので、サブトラクション画像が得られるまで時間を要するといった問題点があった。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、被検体の体動の影響が少なくかつ高速に、1回目と2回目の放射線曝射でそれぞれ撮影される画像間のエネルギー差分画像を得ることが可能な放射線画像撮像装置を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的は、放射線のエネルギー特性を変更可能な放射線発生手段と、この放射線発生手段を制御して二つの連続するエネルギー特性の異なった曝射を行う撮影制御器と、前記放射線発生手段と対向配置され前記放射線発生手段から発生された放射線を検出する放射線画像検出器と、前記の二つの連続する曝射で放射線画像検出器から出力される画像データ間の重み付け差分を行い、エネルギー差分画像を合成する画像処理手段を備え、前記放射線画像検出器が高速・低精細度の画像読出しと、低速・高精細度の画像読出しの二つの読出しモードを具備する放射線画像撮像装置において、前記放射線画像検出器を、二つの連続する曝射の1回目の曝射時の画像を高速・低精細度モードで読出し、2回目の曝射時の画像を低速・高精細度モードで読出すように制御することを特徴とする放射線画像撮像装置によって達成される。
【0008】
また、1回目の曝射の線量を2回目の曝射のものより少なくすることで、1回目の曝射は低分解能なので、2回目より線量を低くできる。エネルギー差分画像は2回の曝射を必要とするので、被検体への放射線曝射を抑制することができる。
【0009】
また、前記放射線発生手段がX線管とX線高電圧発生器とからなり、 1回目の曝射時の管電圧を2回目の曝射時の管電圧より低くすることで、1回目の曝射は差分画像作成用なので障害陰影を多く含んだ低圧の画像とする。これにより、より鮮明なエネルギー差分画像を得ることができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の放射線画像撮像装置の実施の一形態について図面を用いて説明する。
図1は本発明の放射線画像撮像装置の全体構成のブロック図、図2は図1の放射線画像撮像装置の動作を説明するための各種信号のタイミングチャートである。
ここでは、放射線画像撮像装置の一例として、X線画像撮像装置で説明するが、他のガンマ線などの放射線に適用できることはいうまでもない。
【0011】
X線画像撮像装置は、図1に示すように、X線管1、X線高電圧発生器2、X線平面検出器3、撮影制御器4、画像処理装置5、画像観察装置6、入射線量率検出器7、撮影スイッチ8を有している。
【0012】
X線管1は被検体に向けてX線を曝射する。X線高電圧発生器2はX線管1に所望のエネルギーのX線を発生させるために管電圧、管電流、曝射時間の積で決定される電力量を供給する。X線平面検出器3は被検体を透過したX線をX線画像として検出する。また、高速/低速モードによって読出しモードが適宜変更できる。撮影制御器4はX線高電圧発生器2のX線発生条件など、X線画像撮像装置を統括的に制御する。画像処理装置5はX線平面検出器3からのX線画像出力にフィルター処理などの診断に供するように画像処理して出力する。画像観察装置6は画像処理装置5から出力された画像処理信号を表示するCRTなどの表示器である。入射線量率検出器7は入射されるX線の積分入射線量を定値制御する。撮影スイッチ8は検者が操作して撮影を実行するためのスイッチである。このスイッチは別名操作卓とも呼ばれ、曝射時間を設定する曝射時間設定手段、又は高速エネルギー差分画像取得モードを設定する手段を検者が操作できるようになっている。
【0013】
次に、各構成要素の動作について、図2を用いて説明する。
X線平面検出器3は、高速/低速モード切替信号41により通常は高速・低精細モードにあり、一定間隔で曝射可能期間となり、その際、曝射可能信号31を出力する。操作者が撮影スイッチ8を押すと、撮影トリガ信号81が撮影制御器4に入力する。撮影制御器4は撮影トリガ信号8の立上り後の最初の曝射可能信号31の立上りに同期して曝射開始信号43をX線高電圧発生器2に出力し、X線高電圧発生器2はそれを受けて、高圧/低圧管電圧切替え信号42(本実施例では高速/低速モード切替信号41と同じ)に従い低圧の管電圧をX線管1に印加し1回目のX線曝射が行われる。被検体を透過したX線の一部は入射線量率検出器で検出され入射線量率信号71がX線高電圧発生器2にフィードバックされる。X線高電圧発生器は入射線量率信号71を時間積分し、積分結果が所定の1回目の目標線量となった所で管電圧の印加を停止し、1回目の曝射が終わる。
【0014】
X線高電圧発生器2は曝射中、曝射信号21をX線平面検出器3に出力する。X線平面検出器3は曝射信号21がON状態の時の曝射可能期間が終わると高速・低精細読出しモードで原画像信号32を画像処理装置5に出力し、画像処理装置5は内部の図示しない画像メモリに保存する。
【0015】
撮影制御器4は1回目の曝射の曝射可能期間が終わるタイミングで高速/低速モード切替信号41(及び高圧/低圧管電圧切替信号42)を切替える。X線平面検出器3は1回目の原画像信号出力が終わった所で高速/低速モード切替信号41を参照し、低速・高精細モードに移行し低速・高精細モードの曝射可能期間になったところで曝射可能信号31をONとする。
【0016】
撮影制御器4はこの2回目の曝射可能信号31の立上りで曝射開始信号43を出力し、X線高電圧発生器2はそれを受けて、高圧/低圧管電圧切替え信号42に従い高圧の管電圧をX線管1に印加し2回目のX線曝射が行われる。X線高電圧発生器は、1回目の曝射と同様に、入射線量率信号71を時間積分し、積分結果が所定の目標線量となった所で管電圧の印加を停止し、2回目の曝射が終わる。但し、2回目の目標線量は高精細画像を取得するため1回目の目標線量より多く設定されている。
【0017】
画像処理装置5は2回目の曝射が行われている間に、画像メモリに保存された1回目の曝射による高速・低精細読出しモードでの画像データを拡大し、低速・高精細読出しモードでの画像データと同じ画像マトリックスサイズにしておく。又その際、差分結果の骨部が消えるように所定の係数を乗じておく。X線平面検出器3は2回目の曝射の曝射可能期間が終わると低速・高精細読出しモードで原画像信号32を出力する。画像処理装置5は上記の拡大された1回目の曝射の画像データを2回目の画像データから差し引いて障害陰影である骨部を除いた軟部組織画像51を得て、画像観察装置6に出力する。エネルギー差分画像は画像信号の飽和が起こると正しい画像が得られないが、ダイミックレンジが広くデータ飽和に強い平面検出器を使っている。
【0018】
以上のように、上記実施形態によれば、曝射の時間間隔が短いので体動の影響に強いエネルギー差分画像が取得できる。
また、1つの画像検出器を使っている方式なので、X線の利用効率が高く、撮影後、短時間で画像を見ることができる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、被検体の体動の影響が少なくかつ高速に、1回目と2回目の放射線曝射でそれぞれ撮影される画像間のサブトラクション画像を得ることが可能な放射線画像撮像装置を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の放射線画像撮像装置の全体構成のブロック図。
【図2】図1の放射線画像撮像装置の動作を説明するための各種信号のタイミングチャート。
【符号の説明】
1…X線管、2…X線高電圧発生器、3…X線平面検出器、4…撮影制御器、5…画像処理装置、6…画像観察装置、7…入射線量率検出器、8…撮影スイッチ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a radiation imaging apparatus, and more particularly to a radiation imaging apparatus capable of acquiring an energy difference image in a short time without being affected by body movement.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As described in [Non-Patent Document 1], a conventional radiographic image capturing apparatus captures the same patient (subject) with two qualities, assigns appropriate weights to the captured images, and calculates the difference. By taking the difference, there is an energy difference image acquisition for imaging the difference in the change of the absorption coefficient depending on the radiation quality, and it is used for the diagnosis of the presence of a nodule in a lung field, except for a bone image which is an obstructive shadow from a chest image.
Further, as described in [Non-Patent Document 2], a radiation detector used in a radiation image capturing apparatus has two reading modes: high-speed, low-definition image reading and low-speed, high-definition image reading. There is an X-ray image detector provided with
[0003]
[Non-patent document 1]
Iinuma et al., "X-ray imaging", Corona (Tokyo), published in 2001, p. 36, 160 [Non-Patent Document 2]
K. Suzuki et al. , Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4682 2002, p. 363
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, two exposures are required to obtain the energy difference image, but the second exposure cannot be performed unless the image reading is completed after the first exposure. If the first and second exposure times are longer, the effect of body movement such as respiratory movement of the subject will occur, so that an accurate energy difference image cannot be obtained, or the first and second images There is a problem that it takes a lot of time and effort to adjust the position.
[0005]
There is also an energy difference image acquisition method in which two imaging plates are used, and a quality filter is interposed therebetween to obtain two types of images having different energy characteristics in one photographing (Hamakawa et al. Journal, Vol. 41 (1985), p. 1070). Filters reduce the efficiency of use of X-rays after passing through a subject. Images must be read from two imaging plates, and until a subtraction image is obtained. There was a problem that it took time.
[0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a radiation image capturing apparatus capable of obtaining an energy difference image between images captured by the first and second radiation exposures at a high speed with little influence of body movement of a subject. To provide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is to provide a radiation generating means capable of changing the energy characteristics of radiation, an imaging controller for controlling the radiation generating means to perform two different exposures with different energy characteristics, and an arrangement facing the radiation generating means. A radiation image detector for detecting radiation generated from the radiation generating means, and performing a weighted difference between image data output from the radiation image detector in the two consecutive exposures to synthesize an energy difference image A radiation image detector, wherein the radiation image detector has two reading modes of high-speed / low-definition image reading and low-speed / high-definition image reading. Is read in the high-speed / low-definition mode at the time of the first exposure of two consecutive exposures, and the image at the time of the second exposure is read in the low-speed / high-definition mode. It is achieved by the radiation imaging apparatus and controls as read.
[0008]
In addition, by making the dose of the first irradiation smaller than that of the second irradiation, the dose of the first irradiation can be lower than that of the second irradiation since the first irradiation has a low resolution. Since the energy difference image requires two exposures, it is possible to suppress radiation exposure to the subject.
[0009]
Further, the radiation generating means includes an X-ray tube and an X-ray high voltage generator, and the tube voltage at the first exposure is made lower than the tube voltage at the second exposure so that the first exposure is performed. Since the projection is for creating a difference image, it is a low-pressure image containing many obstacle shadows. Thereby, a clearer energy difference image can be obtained.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a radiation image capturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall configuration of the radiation image capturing apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a timing chart of various signals for explaining the operation of the radiation image capturing apparatus of FIG.
Here, an X-ray image capturing apparatus will be described as an example of a radiation image capturing apparatus, but it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to other types of radiation such as gamma rays.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, the X-ray imaging apparatus includes an X-ray tube 1, an X-ray high-voltage generator 2, an X-ray flat panel detector 3, an imaging controller 4, an image processing device 5, an image observation device 6, It has a dose rate detector 7 and a photographing switch 8.
[0012]
The X-ray tube 1 emits X-rays toward a subject. The X-ray high voltage generator 2 supplies an amount of power determined by a product of a tube voltage, a tube current, and an irradiation time in order to generate X-rays of a desired energy in the X-ray tube 1. The X-ray flat panel detector 3 detects an X-ray transmitted through the subject as an X-ray image. Further, the reading mode can be appropriately changed depending on the high-speed / low-speed mode. The imaging controller 4 totally controls the X-ray imaging apparatus such as X-ray generation conditions of the X-ray high voltage generator 2. The image processing device 5 performs image processing on the X-ray image output from the X-ray flat panel detector 3 so as to be used for diagnosis such as filtering, and outputs the processed image. The image observation device 6 is a display such as a CRT for displaying an image processing signal output from the image processing device 5. The incident dose rate detector 7 controls the integrated incident dose of the incident X-rays at a fixed value. The photographing switch 8 is a switch operated by the examiner to execute photographing. This switch is also called an operation console, and allows the examiner to operate an irradiation time setting means for setting the irradiation time or a means for setting the high-speed energy difference image acquisition mode.
[0013]
Next, the operation of each component will be described with reference to FIG.
The X-ray flat panel detector 3 is normally in the high-speed / low-definition mode by the high-speed / low-speed mode switching signal 41, and the exposure period is set at a constant interval. When the operator presses the shooting switch 8, a shooting trigger signal 81 is input to the shooting controller 4. The imaging controller 4 outputs an exposure start signal 43 to the X-ray high voltage generator 2 in synchronization with the rising of the first exposure enable signal 31 after the rising of the imaging trigger signal 8, and the X-ray high voltage generator 2 In response to this, a low-voltage tube voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 1 in accordance with the high-voltage / low-voltage tube voltage switching signal 42 (same as the high-speed / low-speed mode switching signal 41 in this embodiment), and the first X-ray irradiation is performed. Done. A part of the X-ray transmitted through the subject is detected by the incident dose rate detector, and the incident dose rate signal 71 is fed back to the X-ray high voltage generator 2. The X-ray high voltage generator integrates the incident dose rate signal 71 with time, stops the application of the tube voltage when the integration result becomes the predetermined first target dose, and ends the first exposure.
[0014]
The X-ray high voltage generator 2 outputs an exposure signal 21 to the X-ray flat panel detector 3 during exposure. The X-ray flat panel detector 3 outputs the original image signal 32 to the image processing device 5 in the high-speed / low-definition readout mode after the end of the exposure possible period when the exposure signal 21 is in the ON state. In an image memory (not shown).
[0015]
The imaging controller 4 switches the high-speed / low-speed mode switching signal 41 (and the high-voltage / low-voltage tube voltage switching signal 42) at the end of the exposure possible period of the first exposure. The X-ray flat panel detector 3 refers to the high-speed / low-speed mode switching signal 41 at the end of the first output of the original image signal, shifts to the low-speed / high-definition mode, and enters a period in which the low-speed / high-definition mode can be exposed. Then, the exposure enable signal 31 is turned ON.
[0016]
The imaging controller 4 outputs an exposure start signal 43 at the rise of the second exposure enable signal 31, and the X-ray high voltage generator 2 receives the signal and outputs a high voltage according to the high voltage / low voltage tube voltage switching signal 42. A tube voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 1 to perform a second X-ray irradiation. The X-ray high voltage generator integrates the incident dose rate signal 71 with time similarly to the first irradiation, stops applying the tube voltage when the integration result reaches a predetermined target dose, and performs the second irradiation. Exposure ends. However, the second target dose is set higher than the first target dose in order to acquire a high-definition image.
[0017]
While the second exposure is being performed, the image processing apparatus 5 enlarges the image data in the high-speed / low-definition read mode by the first exposure stored in the image memory and performs the low-speed / high-definition read mode. The image matrix size is the same as the image data of the above. At this time, a predetermined coefficient is multiplied so that the bone part resulting from the difference disappears. The X-ray flat panel detector 3 outputs the original image signal 32 in the low-speed / high-definition reading mode after the end of the exposure possible period of the second exposure. The image processing device 5 subtracts the enlarged image data of the first exposure from the second image data to obtain a soft tissue image 51 excluding a bone portion which is a shadow of an obstacle, and outputs the soft tissue image 51 to the image observation device 6. I do. The energy difference image cannot be obtained correctly if the image signal is saturated. However, a flat detector having a wide dimic range and strong data saturation is used.
[0018]
As described above, according to the embodiment, since the time interval of the irradiation is short, an energy difference image that is strong against the influence of body motion can be acquired.
Further, since one image detector is used, the efficiency of using X-rays is high, and an image can be viewed in a short time after imaging.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
An object of the present invention is to provide a radiation image capturing apparatus capable of obtaining a subtraction image between images captured by the first and second radiation exposures at a high speed with little influence of body movement of a subject. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall configuration of a radiation image capturing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a timing chart of various signals for explaining the operation of the radiation image capturing apparatus of FIG. 1;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... X-ray tube, 2 ... X-ray high voltage generator, 3 ... X-ray plane detector, 4 ... Imaging controller, 5 ... Image processing device, 6 ... Image observation device, 7 ... Incident dose rate detector, 8 … Shooting switch

Claims (3)

放射線のエネルギー特性を変更可能な放射線発生手段と、この放射線発生手段を制御して二つの連続するエネルギー特性の異なった曝射を行う撮影制御器と、前記放射線発生手段と対向配置され前記放射線発生手段から発生された放射線を検出する放射線画像検出器と、前記の二つの連続する曝射で放射線画像検出器から出力される画像データ間の重み付け差分を行い、エネルギー差分画像を合成する画像処理手段を備え、前記放射線画像検出器が高速・低精細度の画像読出しと、低速・高精細度の画像読出しの二つの読出しモードを具備する放射線画像撮像装置において、前記放射線画像検出器を、二つの連続する曝射の1回目の曝射時の画像を高速・低精細度モードで読出し、2回目の曝射時の画像を低速・高精細度モードで読出すように制御することを特徴とする放射線画像撮像装置。A radiation generating means capable of changing the energy characteristics of the radiation, an imaging controller for controlling the radiation generating means to perform two different exposures having different energy characteristics, and the radiation generating means disposed opposite to the radiation generating means. A radiation image detector for detecting radiation generated by the means, and an image processing means for performing a weighted difference between image data output from the radiation image detector in the two consecutive exposures to synthesize an energy difference image A radiation image detector, wherein the radiation image detector has two reading modes of high-speed, low-definition image reading and low-speed, high-definition image reading, wherein the radiation image detector comprises two reading modes. The image of the first exposure of continuous exposure is read in the high-speed / low-definition mode, and the image of the second exposure is read in the low-speed / high-definition mode. Radiographic imaging apparatus and controls. 請求項1に記載の放射線画像撮像装置において、1回目の曝射の線量を2回目の曝射のものより少なくすることを特徴とする放射線画像撮像装置。2. The radiation imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a dose of the first exposure is smaller than that of the second exposure. 請求項1に記載の放射線画像撮像装置において、前記放射線発生手段がX線管とX線高電圧発生器とからなり、 1回目の曝射時の管電圧を2回目の曝射時の管電圧より低くすることを特徴とする放射線画像撮像装置。2. The radiation image capturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said radiation generating means comprises an X-ray tube and an X-ray high voltage generator, wherein the tube voltage at the first irradiation is changed to the tube voltage at the second irradiation. A radiation image pickup device characterized by being lower.
JP2003056915A 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Radiation imaging apparatus Pending JP2004261489A (en)

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JP2007165081A (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-28 Shimadzu Corp X-ray generator and X-ray diagnostic apparatus provided with the same
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Cited By (11)

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JPWO2007055024A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2009-04-30 株式会社島津製作所 Radiation imaging apparatus and radiation detection signal processing method
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