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JP2004257786A - Method for analyzing platinum-containing compounds - Google Patents

Method for analyzing platinum-containing compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004257786A
JP2004257786A JP2003047047A JP2003047047A JP2004257786A JP 2004257786 A JP2004257786 A JP 2004257786A JP 2003047047 A JP2003047047 A JP 2003047047A JP 2003047047 A JP2003047047 A JP 2003047047A JP 2004257786 A JP2004257786 A JP 2004257786A
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platinum
containing compound
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biological sample
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JP4031380B2 (en
Inventor
Tomoyoshi Terada
朋美 寺田
Hitoshi Shimakura
仁 島倉
Setsuko Komuro
勢津子 小室
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Sumitomo Pharma Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd
Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

【課題】生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を超高感度で分析可能な分析方法を提供する。
【解決手段】(1)白金含有化合物を含有する生体試料に、逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)に供するための前処理を施す第一工程、
(2)第一工程により調製された一次分析試料を、逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供することによって、二次分析試料を分離する第二工程、(3)第二工程により分離された二次分析試料を、酸素が1%(v/v)〜20%(v/v)の割合で混合されたアルゴンガスをキャリアガスとして用い、ICP−MSに供することによって、当該二次分析試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を白金元素として元素特異的に検出する第三工程、
の3工程を有する白金含有化合物の分析方法の提供。
【選択図】 なし
An analysis method capable of analyzing a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample with ultra-high sensitivity is provided.
(1) A first step of subjecting a biological sample containing a platinum-containing compound to a pretreatment for subjecting the sample to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reversed-phase column,
(2) The primary analysis sample prepared in the first step is subjected to high performance liquid chromatography using a reversed phase column to separate the secondary analysis sample in the second step, and (3) the secondary analysis sample is separated in the second step. The secondary analysis sample is subjected to ICP-MS by using an argon gas mixed with oxygen in a ratio of 1% (v / v) to 20% (v / v) as a carrier gas, and subjecting the sample to ICP-MS. The third step of elementally detecting the platinum-containing compound contained therein as a platinum element,
3. A method for analyzing a platinum-containing compound, comprising the three steps of:
[Selection diagram] None

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物の分析方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)に接続して用いられる検出方法としては、紫外吸光光度計(UV)、示差屈折計(RI)、蛍光光度計(FP)、電気化学検出器(ECD)、赤外吸光光度計(IR)等が知られているが、いずれも定量下限が高く、元素別分析での特異性及び化学形態別分析での特異性等が乏しい。また、これらの検出方法と比較して、定量下限が低く、元素別分析での特異性を有する検出方法として、誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析(ICP−MS:以下、誘導結合プラズマ質量分析と記すこともある。)が知られている(特許文献1及び2参照)。しかしながら、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を分析する場合には、生体試料それ自身が複雑な混合物であるために分析成分の分離及び測定を妨害する物質が共存したり、また検出器に感じない程度の微量しか分析成分が含まれていない等の理由により、充分な感度が得られにくいという問題があった。例えば、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を、逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーに接続した誘導結合プラズマ質量分析(ICP−MS)装置で単純な条件下で一般的に分析した例が知られているが、その定量下限は白金量として0.5ng程度であって、微量濃度の白金含有化合物を分析する方法としては未だ十分な感度が得られていなかった(非特許文献1参照)。
一方、放射性標識された白金含有化合物を、逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーに接続した放射能測定装置で分析することにより上記の前記定量下限(0.5ng程度)を上回る高感度で(定量下限0.25ng程度)での分析を可能とする方法も知られているが、放射能標識化合物を取り扱う特別な施設や装置が必要なうえ、熟練者による高度な操作が必要とされている。このような理由から、より簡便にかつ高感度で生体試料から白金含有化合物を検出する方法が求められていた。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−242075号公報(2頁、27行目)
【特許文献2】
特許公開2001−114520号公報(4頁、32行目)
【非特許文献1】
EARLY BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF OXALIPLATIN AFTER ITS INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION TO CANCER PATIENTS, Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 28, 1379−1384 (2000) P.1379〜1380
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、生体試料中の白金含有化合物を分析する方法において、逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーと元素別分析での優れた特異性を兼ね備える手段である誘導結合プラズマ質量分析とを、高速液体クロマトグラフィーの移動相にイオンペア試薬を用いること、酸素が1%(v/v)〜20%(v/v)の割合で混合されたアルゴンガスをキャリアガスとして用いること等の特定な条件下で上記の順で組み合わせて用いることにより、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物が超高感度で分析可能になることを見出し、本発明に至った。
即ち、本発明は、
1.生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物の分析方法であって、
(1)白金含有化合物を含有する生体試料に、逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)に供するための前処理を施すこと又は白金含有化合物を含有する生体試料をそのまま用いることによって、一次分析試料を調製する第一工程、
(2)第一工程により調製された一次分析試料を、固定相から移動相への白金含有化合物の溶解度の差が制御される逆相カラムであって有機溶媒−水系のイオンペア試薬添加移動相中の溶出力が有機溶媒の混合比を勾配的に増加させることにより制御される逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供することによって、二次分析試料を分離する第二工程、
(3)第二工程により分離された二次分析試料を、酸素が1%(v/v)〜20%(v/v)の割合で混合されたアルゴンガスをキャリアガスとして用い、かつ誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析(ICP−MS)に供することによって、当該二次分析試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を白金元素として元素特異的に検出する第三工程、
を有することを特徴とする方法(以下、本発明方法と記す。);
2.生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物が、[(1R,2R)−1,2−シクロヘキサンジアミン−N,N’]プラチナム系化合物又は当該化合物の生体中での白金含有代謝物であることを特徴とする前項1記載の方法;
3.生体中での白金含有代謝物が白金元素にアミノ酸が配位してなる白金含有化合物であることを特徴とする前項2記載の方法;
4.生体試料が、哺乳動物から採取された血清、血漿、尿、組織であることを特徴とする前項1又は2記載の方法;
5.第二工程において使用されるイオンペア試薬が、陽イオン分析用イオンペア試薬であることを特徴とする前項1、2、3又は4記載の方法;及び
6.陽イオン分析用イオンペア試薬が炭素原子数が3〜20個であるアルキル基を有するスルホン酸塩又は硫酸塩であることを特徴とする前項5記載の方法;
等を提供するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明方法において、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物としては、例えば、[(1R,2R)−1,2−シクロヘキサンジアミン−N,N’]プラチナム系化合物又は当該化合物の生体中での白金含有代謝物等を挙げることができる。更に具体的には、例えば式化1
【化1】

Figure 2004257786
で示されるジクロロ[(1R,2R)−1,2−シクロヘキサンジアミン−N,N’]プラチナム(Dichloro[(1R,2R)−1,2−cyclohexanediamine−N,N’]platinum)(以下、化合物(A)と記すこともある。)、式化2
【化2】
Figure 2004257786
で示されるシス[(1R,2R)−(1,2−シクロヘキサンジアミン−N,N’)ビス(ミリスタート)]プラチナム(II)(cis[(1R,2R)−(1,2−cyclohexanediamine−N,N’)bis(myristato)]platinum(II))(以下、化合物(B)と記すこともある。)等の[(1R,2R)−1,2−シクロヘキサンジアミン−N,N’]プラチナム系化合物、さらに例えば、式化3から式化5
【化3】
Figure 2004257786
【化4】
Figure 2004257786
【化5】
Figure 2004257786
で示される白金元素にシステイン、メチオニン等のアミノ酸が配位してなる白金含有化合物が挙げられる。
【0006】
生体試料としては、哺乳動物から採取された生体成分全般が挙げられ、例えば、血清、血漿、尿、組織等の生体成分を挙げることができる。
生体試料は、哺乳動物から通常の方法により入手される。例えば、血清、血漿の場合には哺乳動物から得られた血液を、必要に応じてヘパリン処理した後、遠心分離することによりそれぞれ分離した成分として得られる。また、尿、組織の場合は採取、切除等の方法によって得られる。
【0007】
本発明方法において第一工程における生体試料を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)に供するための前処理としては、例えば、
(1)血清又は血漿を有機溶媒で抽出することにより、抽出上清を一次分析試料として得る方法、(2)血清を限外濾過することにより、限外濾過液を一次分析試料として得る方法、(3)組織に水を添加して得られた混合物をホモジナイズした後、得られたホモジネート又は尿を有機溶媒で抽出することにより、抽出上清を一次分析試料として得る方法、(4)尿を固相抽出することにより、抽出液を一次分析試料として得る方法等が挙げられる。
それぞれの生体成分からの抽出に用いられる有機溶媒としては、例えばメタノール、酢酸エチル、アセトニトリル等が挙げられる。
【0008】
次いで、第一工程における前処理を施すこと又は白金含有化合物を含有する生体試料をそのまま用いることによって調製された一次分析試料は、第二工程における高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供される。生体試料が尿の場合には、採取されたそのままの尿を一次分析試料として第二工程における高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供してもよい。
【0009】
本発明方法における第二工程では、
固定相から移動相への白金含有化合物の溶解度の差が制御される逆相カラムであって、有機溶媒−水系のイオンペア試薬添加移動相の溶出力が有機溶媒の混合比を勾配的に増加させることにより制御される逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーが使用される。
【0010】
第二工程において用いられる有機溶媒−水系のイオンペア試薬添加移動相において、有機溶媒−水系の移動相としては、通常、逆相カラムを用いた高速液体クロマトグラフィーで使用される有機溶媒及び水系の溶液全般を用いればよい。例えば有機溶媒としては、アセトニトリル、エタノール、テトラヒドロフラン、2−プロパノール、メタノール等を挙げることができ、また、水系の溶液としては、水、リン酸ナトリウム緩衝溶液、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝溶液、酢酸アンモニウム緩衝溶液等が挙げられる。
この場合、当該移動相中の有機溶媒の混合比(有機溶媒/水系)を勾配的に増加させることにより、カラムに保持された成分が順に溶出される。
【0011】
第二工程において用いられる有機溶媒−水系のイオンペア試薬添加移動相において、イオンペア試薬としては、陽イオン分析用イオンペア試薬、陰イオン分析用イオンペア試薬等を挙げることができる。好ましくは、陽イオン分析用イオンペア試薬が挙げられる。
陽イオン分析用イオンペア試薬としては、例えば炭素原子数3〜20個であるアルキル基を有するスルホン酸塩又は硫酸塩等を挙げることができる。具体的には、ペンタンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ヘプタンスルホン酸ナトリウム、オクタンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ドデカンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
【0012】
第二工程における逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーの条件は次のとおりである。
移動相中のイオンペア試薬の濃度は、通常、約5〜20mM程度である。有機溶媒の混合比(即ち、移動相全体に対する有機溶媒の混合割合)は、0〜100%であり、その混合割合は分離する化合物に応じて、適宜設定される。逆相カラムには、シリカにオクタデシル基、オクチル基等を化学結合させた固定相が充填された逆相カラムが用いられ、当該カラムの内径は、通常、約2〜5mmI.D.程度、長さは、通常、約50〜250mm程度である。移動相の流速は、通常、約0.1〜2mL/min.程度である。インジェクション量は、カラム径に応じて、適宜設定すればよい。
【0013】
本発明方法における第三工程では、第二工程により分離された二次分析試料を、酸素が1%(v/v)〜20%(v/v)の割合で混合されたアルゴンガスをキャリアガスとして用い、かつ誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析(ICP−MS)に供すればよい。
【0014】
第三工程における誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析(ICP−MS)において、元素をイオン化する方法として、例えば、アルゴンプラズマを発生させる方法等を挙げることができる。
【0015】
上記の誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析(ICP−MS)の条件は次のとおりである。
酸素が1%(v/v)〜20%(v/v)、好ましくは3%(v/v)〜15%(v/v)の割合で混合されたアルゴンガスがキャリアガスとして用いられる。
キャリアガスは、ICP−MS装置への導入前にアルゴンガスと酸素ガスとを混合することにより調製される。
【0016】
二次分析試料に含有される白金含有化合物を、二次分析試料を誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析方法(ICP−MS)に供することによって白金元素に由来するm/z=194,195,196を検出し、得られたピークの積分値を検量線と比較することにより白金量が定量される。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
分析条件
<HPLC条件>
移動相:1mMヘプタンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液とメタノールとのグラジエント
(1)グラジエント条件A(実施例1で使用)
0 min. 100/0, 10 min. 100/0, 20 min. 0/100, 35 min. 0/100,
36 min. 100/0, 50 min. 100/0(1mMヘプタンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液/メタノール)
(2)グラジエント条件B (実施例2で使用);
0 min. 100/0, 10 min. 100/0, 20 min. 80/20, 25 min. 75/25,
38 min. 70/30, 40 min. 56/44, 48min. 56/44, 62 min. 50/50,
64 min. 0/100, 90 min. 0/100(1mMヘプタンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液/メタノール)
検出: ICP−MS(m/z=195(Pt))
カラム:ODSカラム
<ICP−MS条件>
ICP−MS:Agilent4500(Agilent社製)
プラズマ出力: 1.56 〜 1.60 kW
サンプリング位置: 7.5 〜 8.5 mm
アルゴンガス流量
プラズマガス: 約 16 L/min
補助ガス : 約 1.0 L/min
キャリアガス: 約 0.9 〜 1.1 L/min
キャリアガス中の酸素ガス導入量:5%(V/V)〜10%(V/V)
ペリスタリックポンプ回転速度: 0.1 rps(ドレイン側のみ使用)
スプレーチャンバー(S/C)の温度 :1〜2 ℃
通常導入ネブライザー(Sample Uptake約1.2 mL/min)
プラズマ点灯から測定開始までの安定化時間:40分以上
【0018】
実施例1 (生体試料中に含まれる化合物(A)の分析例:検出下限及び定量下限の算出)
白金含有化合物が投与されていないラット(即ち、ブランクラット)の血清(Crj:CD(SD)系雄性ラットの7週齢プール血清(オリエンタル酵母工業社製)をセントリフリーYM−30 (アミコン社製)に採取した後、4℃、2000×gで20分間遠心分離(HIMAC CR20B3、日立製作所社製)することにより、限外濾過液を得た。
得られた限外濾過液に化合物(A)を、0、0.5、1、5、10、30及び50ng/mL(化合物(A)の濃度で表示)の濃度となるように添加した。これ(100μl)を上記のHPLC条件に従った高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供することによって、二次分析試料を分離し、更に分離された二次分析試料を上記のICP−MS条件に従って誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析に供することによって、当該二次分析試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を白金元素として元素特異的に検出した。得られたチャート図を図2及び図3に示す。
得られたチャート図において化合物(A)に相当するピークの積分値を用いて、検量線を作成した。その結果を図1に示す。図1から明らかなように0.5ng/mL〜50ng/mLの濃度範囲において直線性が確認された。定量下限は0.025ng of Ptであり、また、ノイズから計算した検出下限は0.0025ng of Ptであった。尚、検出下限及び定量下限は、以下のようにして求められた。
<定量下限及び検出下限の算定方法>
検出下限:検出下限をベースラインノイズ(N)に対して有意な差があるピークのシグナル(S)と定義し、ノイズの3倍の強度を持つシグナル(S=3N)を検出下限として次のように算出した。
図2(0.5ng eq. of化合物(A)/mL、試料量100μL、0.025ng eq. of Pt)ではベースラインノイズが約4アバンダンスであり、化合物(A)のシグナル強度が約108アバンダンスであることから、検出下限は、4×3×0.5(ng eq. of 化合物(A)/mL)/108=0.05ng eq. of 化合物(A)/mL(試料量100μL、0.0025ng eq. of Pt)である。
上記0.05ng eq. of 化合物(A)/mLを測定に用いたとき、検出器に導入された溶液全量中の化合物(A)の量は0.05ng eq. of 化合物(A)/mL×0.1mL=0.005ng eq. of 化合物(A)であり、白金元素の量に換算すると0.005ng eq. of 化合物(A)=0.005×195/380=0.0025ng eq. of Ptとなる。従って、検出下限は白金元素の量に換算して0.0025ngとなる。
定量下限:図2での定量下限値は、化合物(A)の濃度として0.5ng/mL(試料量100μL)である。このとき検出器に導入した溶液全量中の化合物(A)の量は0.5ng eq. of 化合物(A)/mL×0.1mL=0.05ng eq. of 化合物(A)であり、白金元素の量に換算すると0.05ng eq. of 化合物(A)=0.05×195/380=0.025ng eq. of Ptとなる。従って、定量下限は白金元素の量として0.025ngとなる。
【0019】
実施例2 (生体試料中に含まれる化合物(B)の分析例)
化合物(B)の凍結乾燥製剤(住友製薬株式会社社製)に、リピオドールを20mg/mLの濃度になるように添加して懸濁した。得られた懸濁液0.4mLに対して、ラット血清、イヌ血清又はヒト血清4mLを添加した後、得られた混合物を5日間、37℃、5rpmで回転振とうした。5日間後、4℃、3000 rpmで10分間遠心分離(HIMAC CR5DL及びHIMAC CF8DL、日立製作所社製)することにより、リピオドールと血清とを分離した。分離された血清は、直ちにセントリフリーYM−30 (アミコン社製)に採取した後、4℃、2000×gで20分間遠心分離(HIMAC CR20B3、日立製作所社製)することにより、限外濾過液を得た。得られた限外濾過液100uLを、一次分析試料として、実施例1と同様な条件及び方法により、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を超高感度で分析した。
尚、ラット血清はCrj:CD(SD)系雄性ラットの7週齢プール血清(オリエンタル酵母工業社製)を、イヌ血清は雄性ビーグル犬血清(オリエンタル酵母工業社製)を、ヒト血清は精度管理用凍結乾燥プール血清 登録商標 コンセーラ (日水製薬社製)を使用した。
分析の結果、化合物(A)のメチオニン配位体(即ち、白金元素にメチオニンが配位してなる白金含有化合物)に相当するピークが検出され、その検出プロフィールを図4に示す。
【0020】
実施例3 (生体試料中に含まれる化合物(B)の分析例)
化合物(B)の凍結乾燥製剤(住友製薬株式会社製)にリピオドールを2.5mg/mLの濃度になるように添加して懸濁した。得られた懸濁液をラット(Crj:CD(SD)系雄性ラット7週齢;(日本チャ−ルス・リバ−社製))に50mg/kg単回皮下投与した。
投与後2、6及び24時間目に、ラットをエ−テル麻酔させ、そして当該ラットの後大静脈より全血液を採取した。また投与後24時間までの尿も採取した。血液は氷冷下で約30分間放置した後、4℃、3000 rpmで10分間遠心分離(HIMAC CR5DL及びHIMAC CF8DL、日立製作所社製)することにより、血清を得た。得られた血清は、直ちにセントリフリーYM−30 (アミコン社製)に採取した後、4℃、2000×gで、20分間遠心分離(HIMAC CR20B3、日立製作所社製)することにより、限外濾過液を得た。得られた限外濾過液及び尿200uLを一次分析試料として下記の条件以外は実施例1と同様な条件及び方法により、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を超高感度で分析した。
分析の結果、化合物(A)のメチオニン配位体(即ち、白金元素にメチオニンが配位してなる白金含有化合物)に相当するピークが検出され、その検出プロフィールを図5及び図6に示す。
<分析条件>
移動相:1mMヘプタンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液とメタノールとのグラジエント(0/100(v/v)〜100/0(v/v))
カラム:ODSカラム
<ICP−MS条件>
ICP−MS:Agilent4500(Agilent社製)
プラズマ出力:1.2〜1.6kW
サンプリング位置:0.75〜12.0mm
キャリアガス中の酸素ガス導入量:5%(V/V)〜10%(V/V)
キャリアガス流量:0.75〜1.10L/min.
定量下限は0.025ng of Ptであった。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、放射性標識化合物を取り扱う特別な設備や装置を必要とせず、熟練者による高度な操作も必要とされることなく、生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物が超高感度で分析可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a) 化合物(A)添加検量線(0.5〜10 ng/mL)。
(b) 化合物(A)添加検量線(0.5〜50 ng/mL)。
【図2】化合物(A)添加検量線(0.5〜10ng/mL)。
【図3】化合物(A)添加検量線(10〜50ng/mL)。
【図4】化合物(B)のin vitro反応生成物のLC−ICP−MS測定結果(ラット)。
【図5】化合物(B)投与後ラット血清限外濾過液のLC−ICP−MS測定結果(投与後2時間)。
【図6】化合物(B)投与後のラットのLC−ICP−MS測定結果(投与後24hr)。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for analyzing a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample.
[0002]
Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention
Detection methods used in connection with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) include an ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometer (UV), a differential refractometer (RI), a fluorometer (FP), an electrochemical detector (ECD), and an infrared detector. Although an absorptiometer (IR) and the like are known, each has a high lower limit of quantification and has poor specificity in elemental analysis and specific chemical analysis. In addition, as a detection method having a lower limit of quantification as compared with these detection methods and having specificity in elemental analysis, mass spectrometry using an ionization means by an inductively coupled plasma method (ICP-MS: hereinafter referred to as inductively coupled plasma) Mass spectrometry) (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, when analyzing a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample, substances that interfere with the separation and measurement of the components to be analyzed coexist because of the complex mixture of the biological sample itself, and the sample is not detected by the detector. There is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a sufficient sensitivity because, for example, only a trace amount of the analysis component is contained. For example, it is known that a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample is generally analyzed under a simple condition by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) connected to a high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column. However, the lower limit of quantification is about 0.5 ng in terms of platinum, and sufficient sensitivity has not yet been obtained as a method for analyzing a trace concentration of a platinum-containing compound (see Non-Patent Document 1).
On the other hand, a radioactively labeled platinum-containing compound is analyzed with a radioactivity measuring device connected to a high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column, so that it can be analyzed with high sensitivity exceeding the above-mentioned lower limit of quantification (about 0.5 ng). Although a method that allows analysis at a lower limit of about 0.25 ng) is also known, special facilities and equipment for handling radiolabeled compounds are required, and advanced operations by skilled personnel are required. For these reasons, there has been a demand for a more simple and highly sensitive method for detecting a platinum-containing compound from a biological sample.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-242075 (page 2, line 27)
[Patent Document 2]
Patent Publication 2001-114520 (page 4, line 32)
[Non-patent document 1]
EARLY BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF OXALIPLATIN AFTER ITS INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION TO CANCER PATENTENTS, Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 28, 1379-138. 1379-1380
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors, in a method for analyzing a platinum-containing compound in a biological sample, a high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which is a means that combines excellent specificity in elemental analysis. And the use of an ion pair reagent as a mobile phase for high performance liquid chromatography, and the use of an argon gas mixed with oxygen at a ratio of 1% (v / v) to 20% (v / v) as a carrier gas. The present inventors have found that the use of a combination in the above-mentioned order under the above conditions enables the analysis of a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample with ultra-high sensitivity, leading to the present invention.
That is, the present invention
1. An analysis method for a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample,
(1) Primary treatment is performed on a biological sample containing a platinum-containing compound by performing a pretreatment for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reversed-phase column or by using a biological sample containing a platinum-containing compound as it is. The first step of preparing an analysis sample,
(2) A primary analysis sample prepared in the first step is subjected to a reverse phase column in which the difference in solubility of the platinum-containing compound from the stationary phase to the mobile phase is controlled, wherein the primary analysis sample is added to an organic solvent-water-based ion-pair reagent-added mobile phase. A second step of separating a secondary analysis sample by subjecting the dissolution output to high performance liquid chromatography using a reversed phase column in which the mixing ratio of the organic solvent is controlled by increasing the mixing ratio in a gradient manner,
(3) The secondary analysis sample separated in the second step is subjected to inductive coupling using an argon gas containing oxygen in a ratio of 1% (v / v) to 20% (v / v) as a carrier gas. A third step of elementally detecting a platinum-containing compound contained in the secondary analysis sample as a platinum element by subjecting it to mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using ionization means by a plasma method,
(Hereinafter referred to as the method of the present invention);
2. The platinum-containing compound contained in the biological sample is a [(1R, 2R) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N, N '] platinum-based compound or a platinum-containing metabolite of the compound in a living body. The method according to the above 1;
3. 3. The method according to the above item 2, wherein the platinum-containing metabolite in a living body is a platinum-containing compound in which an amino acid is coordinated to platinum element;
4. 3. The method according to the above 1 or 2, wherein the biological sample is serum, plasma, urine, or tissue collected from a mammal;
5. 5. The method according to the above 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the ion pair reagent used in the second step is an ion pair reagent for cation analysis; 6. The method according to the above item 5, wherein the ion pair reagent for cation analysis is a sulfonate or a sulfate having an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms;
Etc. are provided.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the method of the present invention, the platinum-containing compound contained in the biological sample may be, for example, [(1R, 2R) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N, N ′] platinum-based compound or platinum-containing compound in a living body. Metabolites and the like. More specifically, for example, Formula 1
Embedded image
Figure 2004257786
Dichloro [(1R, 2R) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N, N ′] platinum (hereinafter, compound) (A).), Formula 2
Embedded image
Figure 2004257786
Cis [(1R, 2R)-(1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N, N ') bis (myristate)] platinum (II) (cis [(1R, 2R)-(1,2-cyclohexanediamine- [(1R, 2R) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N, N '] such as (N, N') bis (myristato)] platinum (II)) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as compound (B)). Platinum compounds, for example, from Formula 3 to Formula 5
Embedded image
Figure 2004257786
Embedded image
Figure 2004257786
Embedded image
Figure 2004257786
And platinum-containing compounds in which amino acids such as cysteine and methionine are coordinated to the platinum element represented by
[0006]
Examples of the biological sample include all biological components collected from mammals, for example, biological components such as serum, plasma, urine, and tissues.
Biological samples are obtained from mammals by ordinary methods. For example, in the case of serum and plasma, blood obtained from a mammal is treated with heparin as necessary, and then centrifuged to obtain components separated from each other. In the case of urine or tissue, it can be obtained by methods such as collection and resection.
[0007]
In the method of the present invention, the pretreatment for subjecting the biological sample in the first step to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) includes, for example,
(1) a method of extracting serum or plasma with an organic solvent to obtain an extraction supernatant as a primary analysis sample; (2) a method of ultrafiltrating serum to obtain an ultrafiltrate as a primary analysis sample; (3) A method in which a mixture obtained by adding water to a tissue is homogenized, and then the obtained homogenate or urine is extracted with an organic solvent to obtain an extraction supernatant as a primary analysis sample. Examples include a method of obtaining an extract as a primary analysis sample by solid phase extraction.
Examples of the organic solvent used for extraction from each biological component include methanol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and the like.
[0008]
Next, the primary analysis sample prepared by performing the pretreatment in the first step or using the biological sample containing the platinum-containing compound as it is is subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography in the second step. When the biological sample is urine, the collected urine as it is may be subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography in the second step as a primary analysis sample.
[0009]
In the second step in the method of the present invention,
A reversed phase column in which a difference in solubility of a platinum-containing compound from a stationary phase to a mobile phase is controlled, wherein the dissolution output of an organic solvent-water-based ion pair reagent-added mobile phase increases the mixing ratio of the organic solvent in a gradient manner. High-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column controlled by this is used.
[0010]
In the organic solvent-water-based ion-pair reagent-added mobile phase used in the second step, the organic solvent-water-based mobile phase is usually an organic solvent and an aqueous solution used in high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column. General may be used. For example, examples of the organic solvent include acetonitrile, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-propanol, and methanol. Examples of the aqueous solution include water, a sodium phosphate buffer solution, a sodium acetate buffer solution, and an ammonium acetate buffer solution. Is mentioned.
In this case, the components retained in the column are sequentially eluted by gradually increasing the mixing ratio of the organic solvent (organic solvent / water system) in the mobile phase.
[0011]
In the mobile phase to which an organic solvent-water based ion pair reagent is added in the second step, examples of the ion pair reagent include an ion pair reagent for cation analysis and an ion pair reagent for anion analysis. Preferably, an ion pair reagent for cation analysis is used.
Examples of the ion pair reagent for cation analysis include a sulfonate or a sulfate having an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples include sodium pentane sulfonate, sodium hexane sulfonate, sodium heptane sulfonate, sodium octane sulfonate, sodium dodecane sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the like.
[0012]
The conditions for high performance liquid chromatography using a reversed phase column in the second step are as follows.
The concentration of the ion pair reagent in the mobile phase is usually about 5 to 20 mM. The mixing ratio of the organic solvent (that is, the mixing ratio of the organic solvent to the whole mobile phase) is 0 to 100%, and the mixing ratio is appropriately set according to the compound to be separated. As the reversed-phase column, a reversed-phase column filled with a stationary phase in which silica is bonded with an octadecyl group, an octyl group, or the like is used, and the inner diameter of the column is usually about 2 to 5 mmI. D. The length and length are usually about 50 to 250 mm. The flow rate of the mobile phase is usually about 0.1 to 2 mL / min. It is about. The injection amount may be appropriately set according to the column diameter.
[0013]
In the third step of the method of the present invention, the secondary analysis sample separated in the second step is mixed with an argon gas containing oxygen at a ratio of 1% (v / v) to 20% (v / v) as a carrier gas. And ICP-MS using ionization means by an inductively coupled plasma method.
[0014]
In the mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using the ionization means by the inductively coupled plasma method in the third step, as a method of ionizing an element, for example, a method of generating argon plasma can be given.
[0015]
The conditions of mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using the ionization means by the inductively coupled plasma method are as follows.
An argon gas mixed with oxygen at a ratio of 1% (v / v) to 20% (v / v), preferably 3% (v / v) to 15% (v / v) is used as a carrier gas.
The carrier gas is prepared by mixing an argon gas and an oxygen gas before introduction into the ICP-MS device.
[0016]
By subjecting the platinum-containing compound contained in the secondary analysis sample to mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using ionization means by an inductively coupled plasma method, the secondary analysis sample has m / z = 194, 195 and 196 are detected, and the amount of platinum is quantified by comparing the integrated value of the obtained peak with a calibration curve.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Analysis conditions <HPLC conditions>
Mobile phase: Gradient of 1 mM sodium heptane sulfonate aqueous solution and methanol (1) Gradient condition A (used in Example 1)
0 min. 100/0, 10 min. 100/0, 20 min. 0/100, 35 min. 0/100,
36 min. 100/0, 50 min. 100/0 (1 mM sodium heptane sulfonate aqueous solution / methanol)
(2) Gradient condition B (used in Example 2);
0 min. 100/0, 10 min. 100/0, 20 min. 80/20, 25 min. 75/25,
38 min. 70/30, 40 min. 56/44, 48 min. 56/44, 62 min. 50/50,
64 min. 0/100, 90 min. 0/100 (1 mM aqueous solution of sodium heptanesulfonate / methanol)
Detection: ICP-MS (m / z = 195 (Pt))
Column: ODS column <ICP-MS conditions>
ICP-MS: Agilent 4500 (manufactured by Agilent)
Plasma power: 1.56 to 1.60 kW
Sampling position: 7.5 to 8.5 mm
Argon gas flow plasma gas: about 16 L / min
Auxiliary gas: about 1.0 L / min
Carrier gas: about 0.9 to 1.1 L / min
Oxygen gas introduction amount in carrier gas: 5% (V / V) to 10% (V / V)
Peristaltic pump rotation speed: 0.1 rps (only drain side is used)
Spray chamber (S / C) temperature: 1-2 ° C
Normal introduction nebulizer (Sample Uptake about 1.2 mL / min)
Stabilization time from plasma lighting to start of measurement: 40 minutes or more
Example 1 (Example of analysis of compound (A) contained in biological sample: calculation of lower detection limit and lower limit of quantification)
Centrifree YM-30 (manufactured by Amicon, Inc.) was collected from the serum of a rat to which no platinum-containing compound was administered (i.e., a blank rat) (a 7-week-old pooled serum of a Crj: CD (SD) male rat (manufactured by Oriental Yeast). ), And centrifuged (HIMAC CR20B3, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) at 4 ° C. and 2000 × g for 20 minutes to obtain an ultrafiltrate.
Compound (A) was added to the obtained ultrafiltrate so as to have a concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 50 ng / mL (indicated by the concentration of compound (A)). This (100 μl) was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography according to the above HPLC conditions to separate a secondary analysis sample, and the separated secondary analysis sample was subjected to inductively coupled plasma method according to the above ICP-MS conditions. By subjecting it to mass spectrometry using ionization means, the platinum-containing compound contained in the secondary analysis sample was elementally detected as a platinum element. The charts obtained are shown in FIGS.
A calibration curve was prepared using the integrated value of the peak corresponding to the compound (A) in the obtained chart. The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from FIG. 1, linearity was confirmed in the concentration range of 0.5 ng / mL to 50 ng / mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.025 ng of Pt, and the lower limit of detection calculated from noise was 0.0025 ng of Pt. In addition, the lower limit of detection and the lower limit of quantification were determined as follows.
<Method of calculating lower limit of quantification and lower limit of detection>
Lower detection limit: The lower detection limit is defined as a signal (S) of a peak having a significant difference from the baseline noise (N), and a signal (S = 3N) having an intensity three times as high as the noise is used as the lower detection limit. It was calculated as follows.
In FIG. 2 (0.5 ng eq. Of compound (A) / mL, sample volume of 100 μL, 0.025 ng eq. Of Pt), the baseline noise is about 4 abundance and the signal intensity of compound (A) is about 108 Because of the abundance, the lower limit of detection is 4 × 3 × 0.5 (ng eq. Of compound (A) / mL) /108=0.05 ng eq. of compound (A) / mL (sample amount: 100 μL, 0.0025 ng eq. of Pt).
The above 0.05 ng eq. of compound (A) / mL used in the measurement, the amount of compound (A) in the total amount of the solution introduced into the detector was 0.05 ng eq. of compound (A) /mL×0.1 mL = 0.005 ng eq. of compound (A), which is 0.005 ng eq. of compound (A) = 0.005 x 195/380 = 0.0025 ng eq. of Pt. Therefore, the lower limit of detection is 0.0025 ng in terms of the amount of platinum element.
Lower limit of quantification: The lower limit of quantification in FIG. 2 is 0.5 ng / mL (sample amount: 100 μL) as the concentration of compound (A). At this time, the amount of compound (A) in the total amount of the solution introduced into the detector was 0.5 ng eq. of compound (A) /mL×0.1 mL = 0.05 ng eq. of compound (A), which is equivalent to 0.05 ng eq. of compound (A) = 0.05 × 195/380 = 0.025 ng eq. of Pt. Therefore, the lower limit of quantification is 0.025 ng in terms of the amount of platinum element.
[0019]
Example 2 (Analysis example of compound (B) contained in biological sample)
Lipiodol was added to a freeze-dried preparation of compound (B) (Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) to a concentration of 20 mg / mL and suspended. After adding 4 mL of rat serum, dog serum or human serum to 0.4 mL of the obtained suspension, the obtained mixture was rotationally shaken at 37 ° C. and 5 rpm for 5 days. After 5 days, lipiodol and serum were separated by centrifugation (HIMAC CR5DL and HIMAC CF8DL, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) for 10 minutes at 4 ° C and 3000 rpm. The separated serum was immediately collected in Centrifree YM-30 (manufactured by Amicon), and then centrifuged at 4 ° C. and 2000 × g for 20 minutes (HIMAC CR20B3, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) to obtain an ultrafiltrate. Got. Using 100 uL of the obtained ultrafiltrate as a primary analysis sample, a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample was analyzed with ultra-high sensitivity under the same conditions and method as in Example 1.
In addition, rat serum was 7-week-old pooled sera of Crj: CD (SD) male rats (manufactured by Oriental Yeast), dog serum was male beagle dog serum (manufactured by Oriental Yeast), and human serum was precision control. Freeze-dried pool serum was used. Concera (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was used.
As a result of the analysis, a peak corresponding to the methionine coordinator of the compound (A) (that is, a platinum-containing compound in which methionine is coordinated to platinum element) was detected, and the detection profile is shown in FIG.
[0020]
Example 3 (Example of analysis of compound (B) contained in biological sample)
Lipiodol was added to a freeze-dried preparation of compound (B) (Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) to a concentration of 2.5 mg / mL and suspended. The obtained suspension was subcutaneously administered once to a rat (Crj: CD (SD) male rat 7 weeks old; (manufactured by Charles River Japan)) at a dose of 50 mg / kg.
At 2, 6 and 24 hours after dosing, the rats were anesthetized with ether and whole blood was collected from the posterior vena cava of the rats. Urine was also collected up to 24 hours after administration. The blood was left under ice-cooling for about 30 minutes, and then centrifuged (HIMAC CR5DL and HIMAC CF8DL, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) at 4 ° C. and 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum. The obtained serum was immediately collected in Centrifree YM-30 (manufactured by Amicon), and then subjected to ultrafiltration by centrifugation (HIMAC CR20B3, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) at 2,000 × g for 20 minutes at 4 ° C. A liquid was obtained. Using the obtained ultrafiltrate and 200 uL of urine as primary analysis samples, the platinum-containing compound contained in the biological sample was analyzed with ultra-high sensitivity under the same conditions and method as in Example 1 except for the following conditions.
As a result of the analysis, a peak corresponding to the methionine coordinator of the compound (A) (that is, a platinum-containing compound in which methionine is coordinated to platinum element) was detected, and the detection profiles are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
<Analysis conditions>
Mobile phase: gradient of 1 mM sodium heptanesulfonate aqueous solution and methanol (0/100 (v / v) to 100/0 (v / v))
Column: ODS column <ICP-MS conditions>
ICP-MS: Agilent 4500 (manufactured by Agilent)
Plasma power: 1.2 to 1.6 kW
Sampling position: 0.75 to 12.0 mm
Oxygen gas introduction amount in carrier gas: 5% (V / V) to 10% (V / V)
Carrier gas flow rate: 0.75 to 1.10 L / min.
The lower limit of quantification was 0.025 ng of Pt.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to analyze a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample with ultra-high sensitivity without requiring special equipment or equipment for handling a radiolabeled compound, without requiring advanced operations by a skilled person. became.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 (a) Calibration curve with addition of compound (A) (0.5 to 10 ng / mL).
(B) Calibration curve for addition of compound (A) (0.5 to 50 ng / mL).
FIG. 2 is a calibration curve (0.5 to 10 ng / mL) for addition of compound (A).
FIG. 3 is a calibration curve (10 to 50 ng / mL) for addition of compound (A).
FIG. 4 shows LC-ICP-MS measurement results (rat) of an in vitro reaction product of compound (B).
FIG. 5 shows the results of LC-ICP-MS measurement of rat serum ultrafiltrate after administration of compound (B) (2 hours after administration).
FIG. 6 shows the results of LC-ICP-MS measurement of rats after administration of compound (B) (24 hours after administration).

Claims (6)

生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物の分析方法であって、
(1)白金含有化合物を含有する生体試料に、逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)に供するための前処理を施すこと又は白金含有化合物を含有する生体試料をそのまま用いることによって、一次分析試料を調製する第一工程、
(2)第一工程により調製された一次分析試料を、固定相から移動相への白金含有化合物の溶解度の差が制御される逆相カラムであって有機溶媒−水系のイオンペア試薬添加移動相中の溶出力が有機溶媒の混合比を勾配的に増加させることにより制御される逆相カラムを用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供することによって、二次分析試料を分離する第二工程、
(3)第二工程により分離された二次分析試料を、酸素が1%(v/v)〜20%(v/v)の割合で混合されたアルゴンガスをキャリアガスとして用い、かつ誘導結合プラズマ法によるイオン化手段を用いる質量分析(ICP−MS)に供することによって、当該二次分析試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物を白金元素として元素特異的に検出する第三工程、
を有することを特徴とする方法。
An analysis method for a platinum-containing compound contained in a biological sample,
(1) Primary treatment is performed on a biological sample containing a platinum-containing compound by performing a pretreatment for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reversed-phase column or by using a biological sample containing a platinum-containing compound as it is. The first step of preparing an analysis sample,
(2) A primary analysis sample prepared in the first step is subjected to a reverse phase column in which the difference in solubility of the platinum-containing compound from the stationary phase to the mobile phase is controlled, wherein the primary analysis sample is added to an organic solvent-water-based ion-pair reagent-added mobile phase. A second step of separating a secondary analysis sample by subjecting the dissolution output to high performance liquid chromatography using a reversed phase column in which the mixing ratio of the organic solvent is controlled by increasing the mixing ratio in a gradient manner,
(3) The secondary analysis sample separated in the second step is subjected to inductive coupling using an argon gas containing oxygen in a ratio of 1% (v / v) to 20% (v / v) as a carrier gas. A third step of elementally detecting a platinum-containing compound contained in the secondary analysis sample as a platinum element by subjecting it to mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using ionization means by a plasma method,
A method comprising:
生体試料中に含まれる白金含有化合物が、[(1R,2R)−1,2−シクロヘキサンジアミン−N,N’]プラチナム系化合物又は当該化合物の生体中での白金含有代謝物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。The platinum-containing compound contained in the biological sample is a [(1R, 2R) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N, N '] platinum-based compound or a platinum-containing metabolite of the compound in a living body. The method according to claim 1, wherein 生体中での白金含有代謝物が白金元素にアミノ酸が配位してなる白金含有化合物であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the platinum-containing metabolite in the living body is a platinum-containing compound in which an amino acid is coordinated to platinum element. 生体試料が、哺乳動物から採取された血清、血漿、尿、組織であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the biological sample is serum, plasma, urine, or tissue collected from a mammal. 第二工程において使用されるイオンペア試薬が、陽イオン分析用イオンペア試薬であることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3又は4記載の方法。5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ion pair reagent used in the second step is an ion pair reagent for cation analysis. 陽イオン分析用イオンペア試薬が炭素原子数が3〜20個であるアルキル基を有するスルホン酸塩又は硫酸塩であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の方法。The method according to claim 5, wherein the ion pair reagent for cation analysis is a sulfonate or a sulfate having an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
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