JP2004173770A - In vivo implanting medical appliance - Google Patents
In vivo implanting medical appliance Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004173770A JP2004173770A JP2002341014A JP2002341014A JP2004173770A JP 2004173770 A JP2004173770 A JP 2004173770A JP 2002341014 A JP2002341014 A JP 2002341014A JP 2002341014 A JP2002341014 A JP 2002341014A JP 2004173770 A JP2004173770 A JP 2004173770A
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、血管、胆管、気管、食道、腸管、尿道などの生体内の管腔に生じた狭窄部の改善に使用される体内埋込医療器具に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、生体内の管腔に生じた狭窄部を改善するためにステントが多く使用されている。ステントは、血管あるいはその他の生体内の管腔に生じた狭窄部を拡張させた状態に維持するための管状の器具であり、例えば心臓の冠状動脈においては、経皮的冠動脈形成術(PTCA)後の再狭窄防止に用いられている。そして、PTCAにより狭窄部を拡張させた後、金属製のメッシュ構造からなるステントを留置することによって再狭窄率を低下させることに成功したが、ステント留置後も、20%前後の割合で再狭窄が認められ、再狭窄の問題は依然として解決していない。
【0003】
再狭窄が起こる原因は、これまで様々な説が考えられているが、現在はステントを留置することによりステント周囲の平滑筋細胞のフェノタイプが収縮型から合成型へと変化し、ステント内腔側へ遊走・増殖することにより内膜肥厚が起こり、その結果再狭窄現象が起こるという考え方が主流になっている。
【0004】
そこでこの平滑筋細胞の遊走・増殖を抑制し得る薬剤をステントに担持することにより、再狭窄を予防する検討が種々なされている。このような薬剤の具体的な例としては、タキソール(特許文献1参照)、マイトマシンC、アドリアマイシン、ゲニステイン、チルフォスチン(特許文献2参照)、サイトカラシン(特許文献3参照)、HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬(特許文献4参照)などが挙げられている。
【0005】
特に、HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬は、従来、肝臓でのコレステロール合成をブロックすることから、高脂血症治療薬として使用されているが、最近、血管壁に直接適用することによって、血管内膜の肥厚抑制に関係する効果がある事が報告されている。具体的には、LDLの酸化抑制(非特許文献1参照)、炎症反応の抑制(非特許文献2参照)、平滑筋細胞・マクロファジーの泡沫化抑制(非特許文献3参照)等の効果が、それぞれ報告されている。
【0006】
そして、最近ではHMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬のNO産性作用が注目されている(非特許文献4参照)。血管内皮細胞においてNO産生が促進することにより、内皮細胞の機能が改善し、血管の内皮化が促進すると考えられている。そして、血管の内皮化促進により、平滑筋細胞の内膜側への遊走が抑制されると考えられている。
【0007】
これらの薬剤をステントに担持させるには、一般にそれぞれの溶媒に薬剤を溶解し、単独もしくは高分子材料などとともに噴霧もしくは浸漬などの方法によりステントの表面にコーティングされるが、その際、溶媒または薬剤単体により当初の血漿状態が損なわれ、一部もしくはほとんどが非晶質の状態となるのが現状である。そして、この非晶質状態部分は化学的に不安定であり、経時的に分解・劣化が起こりやすく、その薬剤が本来持っている効果が損なわれる傾向にある。
【0008】
したがって、これらの薬剤をコートしたステントを生体内に留置した際に、薬剤が分解を起して、その薬剤が本来持っている効果が低下することになる。この傾向は、これらの薬剤全てにあり、特にHMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬、とりわけシンバスタチンはその可能性が高い。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特表平9−503488号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平9−56807号公報
【特許文献3】
特表平11−500635号公報
【特許文献4】
特願2002−200712
【非特許文献1】
Massy Ziad A.,et al.,Biochem Biophys Res Commun 267 536−540(2000)
【非特許文献2】
Sakai M.,et al.,Atherosclerosis 133 51−59(1997)
【非特許文献3】
Bellosta S.,et al.,Atherosclerosis137 Suppl. S101−109(1998)
【非特許文献4】
Laufs U et al、Circulation (97) 1129−1135(1998)
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の目的は、生物学的生理活性物質の経時的な分解・劣化が防止され、生物学的生理活性物質を安定的に保持することが可能な体内埋込医療器具を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このような目的は、下記(1)〜(7)の本発明により達成される。
【0012】
(1)医療器具本体と、前記医療器具本体に搭載された再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質から構成されていることを特徴とする生体内の管腔に留置するための体内埋込医療器具。
【0013】
(2)前記生物学的生理活性物質が、HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬であることを特徴とする(1)に記載の体内埋込医療器具。
【0014】
(3)前記HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬が、シンバスタチンであることを特徴とする(2)に記載の体内埋込医療器具。
【0015】
(4)前記シンバスタチンが、40〜60℃の温度範囲で再結晶化されたことを特徴とする(3)に記載の体内埋込医療器具。
【0016】
(5)前記生物学的生理活性物質を、生分解性ポリマーもしくは生体適合性ポリマーからなるポリマー層中に含有させた形態にして前記医療器具本体に搭載したことを特徴とする(1)に記載の体内埋込医療器具。
【0017】
(6)前記生物学的生理活性物質を前記医療器具本体の表面に直接搭載し、かつ前記生物学的生理活性物質の外側を生分解性ポリマーもしくは生体適合性ポリマーからなるポリマー層で被覆したことを特徴とする(1)に記載の体内埋込医療器具。
【0018】
(7)前記医療器具本体が、ステントであることを特徴とする(1)に記載の体内埋込医療器具。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の体内埋込医療器具について詳細に説明する。
【0020】
本発明の体内埋込医療器具は、医療器具本体と、医療器具本体に搭載された再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質で構成されている。
【0021】
再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質の医療器具本体への搭載の形態は、特に限定されず、例えば医療器具本体の表面に再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質をコートしても良く、また医療器具本体の内側に再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質を含有させても良い。
【0022】
医療器具本体は、例えばステント、カテーテル、バルーン、血管補綴材、人工血管等が挙げられ、中でも生体内の管腔に生じた狭窄部を拡張し、その拡張された内腔を確保するためにそこに長期間留置することが可能であるステントが好ましい様態である。以下、医療器具本体がステントである場合について添付図面に示す好適な実施の形態に基づいてより詳細に説明する。
【0023】
図1はステントの一様態を示す側面図、図2は図1の線A−Aに沿って切断した拡大横断面図、図3は図2と同様の図であって、再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質のコートの形態が異なる様態を示す。
【0024】
ステントは、血管、胆管、気管、食道、腸管、尿道などの生体内の管腔に生じた狭窄部を拡張し、かつそこに留置することができれば、その材料、形状、大きさ等は特に限定されない。
【0025】
ステントを形成する材料は、適用箇所に応じて適宜選択すれば良く、例えば金属材料、高分子材料、セラミックス等が挙げられる。ステントを金属材料で形成した場合、金属材料は強度に優れているため、ステントを狭窄部に確実に留置することが可能である。また、ステントを高分子材料で形成した場合、高分子材料は柔軟性に優れているため、ステントの狭窄部への到達性(デリバリー性)という点で優れた効果を発揮する。
【0026】
金属材料としては、例えばステンレス鋼、Ni−Ti合金、タンタル、チタン、金、プラチナ、インコネル、イリジウム、タングステン、コバルト系合金等が挙げられる。そしてステンレス鋼の中では、耐食性が良好であるSUS316Lが好適である。
【0027】
高分子材料としては、例えばポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、セルロースアセテート、セルロースナイトレート等が挙げられる。
【0028】
ステントの形状は、生体内の管腔に生じた狭窄部に安定して留置するに足る強度を有するものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、金属材料のワイヤーや高分子材料の繊維をネット状にすることにより構成される円筒体等の任意の形状体や、図1に示すような金属材料や高分子材料で構成される円筒体に細孔を設けたものが好適に挙げられる。
【0029】
ステントは、バルーンエクスパンダブルタイプ、セルフエクスパンダブルタイプのいずれであってもよい。また、ステントの大きさは適用箇所に応じて適宜選択すれば良い。例えば、心臓の冠状動脈に用いる場合は、通常拡張前における外径は1.0〜3.0mm、長さは5〜50mmが好ましい。
【0030】
ステントの表面には再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質がコートされている。生物学的生理活性物質は再結晶化されているため、経時的な分解・劣化が防止され、安定的な状態でステントの表面に保持される。この再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質は、ステントを生体内の管腔の狭窄部に留置した際に、ステントの留置部位およびその周辺組織内に放出される。
【0031】
生物学的生理活性物質は、予め再結晶化処理を施したものをステントの表面にコートしても良く、またステントの表面にコートした後に再結晶化処理を施しても良い。
【0032】
生物学的生理活性物質は、再結晶化されたものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばNO産生作用を有するHMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬が挙げられ、さらにHMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬の中では、入手が比較的容易であるシンバスタチンが特に好ましい。
【0033】
ステントの表面にコートされる生物学的生理活性物質の量は、その生物学的生理活性物質が本来持っている効果を発揮し得る量、すなわち血管内の再狭窄を抑制できる量であれば特に限定されない。
【0034】
生物学的生理活性物質のステントへのコートの形態は特に限定されず、例えば図2に示すように生分解性ポリマーもしくは生体適合性ポリマーからなるポリマー層中に生物学的生理活性物質を含有(混合)させた形態にしてステントにコートしても良く、また図3に示すようにステントの表面に生物学的生理活性物質を直接コートして生物学的生理活性物質単独の層を設け、さらにその外側を、生分解性ポリマーもしくは生体適合性ポリマーからなるポリマー層で覆っても良い。
【0035】
生物学的生理活性物質が生分解性ポリマーからなるポリマー層中に含有されている場合、あるいは生物学的生理活性物質の外側が生分解性ポリマーからなるポリマー層で覆われている場合は、生分解性ポリマーが分解することによって、生物学的生理活性物質がステントの留置部位およびその周辺組織内に直接放出される。
【0036】
生分解性ポリマーは、生体内で酵素的、非酵素的に分解され、分解産物が毒性を示さず、生物学的生理活性物質の放出が可能なものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸−ポリグリコール酸共重合体、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリリンゴ酸、ポリα−アミノ酸、コラーゲン、ラミニン、ヘパラン硫酸、フィブロネクチン、ビトロネクチン、コンドロイチン硫酸、ヒアルロン酸、キトサンセルロース、セルロースアセテートなどが挙げられ、中でも長期間にわたって生物学的生理活性物質を放出することが可能であるポリ乳酸が特に好ましい。
【0037】
生物学的生理活性物質が生体適合性ポリマーからなるポリマー層中に含有されている場合、あるいは生物学的生理活性物質の外側が生体適合性ポリマーからなるポリマー層で覆われている場合は、生物学的生理活性物質が生体適合性ポリマーの外表面に浸出することによって、生物学的生理活性物質がステントの留置部位およびその周辺組織に直接放出される。
【0038】
生体適合性ポリマーは、本質的に血小板が付着し難く、組織に対しても刺激性を示さず、生物学的生理活性物質の浸出が可能なものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、ポリエチレンブチルアセテート共重合体(PEVA)、ポリブチルメチルアクリレート(PBMA)などのアクリレート類、ポリアクリルアミド(PA)などのアクリルアミド類、シリコーン、ポリエーテル型ポリウレタンとジメチルシリコーンのブレンドもしくはブロック共重合体、セグメント化ポリウレタン等のポリウレタン、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリエチレンカーボネート、ポリプロピレンカーボネートなどのポリカーボネート等、各種合成ポリマーが挙げられる。
【0039】
生物学的生理活性物質が生分解性ポリマーもしくは生体適合性ポリマーからなるポリマー層中に含有されている場合、含有の様態は特に限定されず、生物学的生理活性物質がポリマー層中に均一または不均一に存在していてもよく、また局所的に存在していても良い。
【0040】
本発明の体内埋込医療器具を製造する方法は特に限定されず。例えば、医療器具本体としてステントを、生物学的生理活性物質としてシンバスタチンを、生体適合性ポリマーとしてポリエチレンブチルアセテート共重合体(PEVA)を、それぞれ用いた場合、シンバスタチンとPEVAをテトラヒドロフランに溶解した溶液をステントにスプレーして、図2に示すようなシンバスタチンを含有させたPEVA層(ポリマー層)をステント表面に設けたものを作製し、さらにこのPEVA層を設けたステントを密閉空間内に設置して、好適な温度・圧力を加えることによってシンバスタチンを再結晶化する方法や、シンバスタチンをテトラヒドロフランに溶解した溶液をステントにスプレーして、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けた後、そのシンバスタチン層の表面にPEVAをテトラヒドロフランに溶解した溶液をスプレーして、図3に示すようなシンバスタチン層の外側にPEVA層(ポリマー層)を設けたものを作製し、さらにこのPEVA層を設けたものを密閉空間内に設置して、好適な温度・圧力を加えることによってシンバスタチンを再結晶化する方法等が挙げられる。
【0041】
シンバスタチンを再結晶化する際の温度は、40〜60℃が好ましい。温度が40℃未満であると、シンバスタチンの分解を防止することができなくなる。また温度が60℃を超えると、図3に示すようなコートの形態にした場合に、シンバスタチン層の膜厚が厚くなる。
【0042】
シンバスタチンを再結晶化する際の圧力は、特に限定されないが、真空度1000パスカル以下が好ましく、100パスカル以下が特に好ましい。圧力を100パスカル以下にすることにより、より容易に再結晶化が促進される。
【0043】
このようにして得られた本発明の体内埋込医療器具は、生体内の管腔に直接、留置して用いることができる。そして、再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質がステントの留置部位およびその周辺組織内に放出される。このような生物学的生理活性物質は経時的な分解・劣化が防止されているため、その生物学的生理活性物質が本来持っている効果を発揮することができ、その結果、血管等の再狭窄を確実に抑制することが可能である。
【0044】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0045】
(実施例1)
シンバスタチン100mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーして、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けた。そして、このシンバスタチン層を設けたステントを加熱真空乾燥装置に入れて不活性ガスであるアルゴン(Ar)で3回置換した後、真空ポンプで真空度100パスカル(Pa)以下になるまで吸引し、60℃で72時間加熱してシンバスタチンを再結晶化させて、本発明の体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、本発明の体内埋込医療器具を加速試験(80℃、1時間、大気圧)で処理して、アセトニトリル1mlに溶解して、高速液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC)を用いてシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を測定した。測定の結果、シンバスタチンは2%のみの分解であった。
【0046】
(比較例1)
シンバスタチン100mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーして、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けて、体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、この体内埋込医療器具について実施例1と同様の方法でシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を測定した。測定の結果、シンバスタチンは30%分解されていた。
【0047】
(実施例2)
シンバスタチン100mgとポリエチレンブチルアセテート共重合体(PEVA)200mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーして、シンバスタチンを含有させたPEVA層(ポリマー層)をステント表面に設けた。そして、このPEVA層を設けたステントを加熱真空乾燥装置に入れて不活性ガスであるアルゴン(Ar)で3回置換した後、真空ポンプで真空度100パスカル(Pa)以下になるまで吸引し、60℃で72時間加熱してシンバスタチンを再結晶化させて、本発明の体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、この体内埋込医療器具について実施例1と同様の方法でシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を測定した。測定の結果、シンバスタチンは2%のみの分解であった。
【0048】
(比較例2)
シンバスタチン100mgとポリエチレンブチルアセテート共重合体(PEVA)200mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーして、シンバスタチンを含有させたPEVA層(ポリマー層)をステント表面に設けて、体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、この体内埋込医療器具について実施例1と同様の方法でシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を測定した。測定の結果、シンバスタチンは30%分解されていた。
【0049】
(実施例3)
シンバスタチン100mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーして、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けた後、そのシンバスタチン層の表面にポリエチレンブチルアセテート共重合体(PEVA)200mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液をスプレーして、PEVA層(ポリマー層)を設けた。そして、このPEVA層を設けたステントを加熱真空乾燥装置に入れて不活性ガスであるアルゴン(Ar)で3回置換した後、真空ポンプで真空度100パスカル(Pa)以下になるまで吸引し、60℃で72時間加熱してシンバスタチンを再結晶化させて、本発明の体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、この体内埋込医療器具について実施例1と同様の方法でシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を測定した。測定の結果、シンバスタチンは2%のみの分解であった。
【0050】
(比較例3)
シンバスタチン100mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーして、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けた後、そのシンバスタチンの表面にポリエチレンブチルアセテート共重合体(PEVA)200mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液をスプレーして、PEVA層(ポリマー層)を設けて、体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、この体内埋込医療器具について実施例1と同様の方法でシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を測定した。測定の結果、シンバスタチンは30%分解されていた。
【0051】
実施例1〜3より、シンバスタチンのステントへのコートの形態に関らず、シンバスタチンが再結晶化されて分解が防止されることが確認された。
【0052】
(実施例4)
シンバスタチン100mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーすることにより、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けた。そして、このシンバスタチン層を設けたステントを加熱真空乾燥装置に入れて不活性ガスであるアルゴン(Ar)で3回置換した後、真空ポンプで真空度100パスカル(Pa)以下になるまで吸引し、60℃で72時間加熱してシンバスタチンを再結晶化させて、本発明の体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、本発明の体内埋込医療器具を室温(25℃、大気圧)に放置して、1日後、5日後、10日後、20日後、30日後のシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を、それぞれ高速液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC)を用いて測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0053】
(比較例4)
シンバスタチン100mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーすることにより、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けて、体内埋込医療器具を作製した。
次に、体内埋込医療器具を室温(25℃、大気圧)に放置して、1日後、5日後、10日後、20日後、30日後のシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を、それぞれ高速液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC)を用いて測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0054】
【表1】
【0055】
表1より、シンバスタチンを再結晶化させない場合、1日あたり平均1%ずつシンバスタチンが分解することが確認された。また、シンバスタチンを再結晶化させた場合、30日経過後もシンバスタチンの分解が抑制されていることが確認された。
【0056】
(実施例5)
シンバスタチン100mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液を、直径2mmのステンレスパイプを加工して作製した長さ15mmのステントにスプレーして、ステント表面にシンバスタチンの層を設けた後、そのシンバスタチン層の外側にポリエチレンブチルアセテート共重合体(PEVA)200mgをテトラヒドロフラン1mlに溶解した溶液をスプレーして、PEVA層(ポリマー層)を設けた。そして、このPEVA層を設けたステントを加熱真空乾燥装置に入れて不活性ガスであるアルゴン(Ar)で3回置換した後、真空ポンプで真空度100パスカル(Pa)以下になるまで吸引し、30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃でそれぞれ72時間加熱してシンバスタチンを再結晶化させて、本発明の体内埋込医療器具を作製した。そして、これらの体内埋込医療器具について、シンバスタチン層の膜厚を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0057】
(実施例6)
実施例5で作製した体内埋込医療器具について、実施例1と同様の方法でシンバスタチンの分解率(%)を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0058】
【表2】
【0059】
表2より、再結晶化温度30℃の時はシンバスタチンが55%分解したため再結晶化条件として不適合であった。また、再結晶化温度70℃の場合はシンバスタチンの分解率が3%と少ないが、シンバスタチン層の膜厚が15μmとかなり厚くなるため再結晶条件として不適合であった。したがって、良好な再結晶化温度は40〜60℃の範囲であった。
【0060】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように本発明は、生体内の管腔に留置するための体内埋込医療器具であって、医療器具本体と、前記医療器具本体に搭載された再結晶化された生物学的生理活性物質から構成されていることを特徴とするため、生物学的生理活性物質の経時的な分解・劣化が防止され、生物学的生理活性物質を安定的に保持することが可能である。
【0061】
また、前記医療器具本体が、ステントであることを特徴とする場合、生体内の管腔に生じた狭窄部を拡張し、その拡張された内腔を確保するためにそこに長期間留置することが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ステントの一様態を示す側面図である。
【図2】図1の線A−Aに沿って切断した拡大横断面図である。
【図3】図2と同様の図であって、生物学的生理活性物質のコートの形態が異なる様態を示す。
【符号の説明】
1 ステント
2 ポリマー層(PEVA層)
3 生物学的生理活性物質(シンバスタチン)
4 ポリマー層(PEVA層)
5 生物学的生理活性物質(シンバスタチン)[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an implantable medical device used for improving a stenosis in a lumen in a living body such as a blood vessel, a bile duct, a trachea, an esophagus, an intestinal tract, and a urethra.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, stents are often used to improve stenosis in a lumen in a living body. A stent is a tubular device for maintaining a stenosis created in a blood vessel or other lumen in a living body in an expanded state. For example, in a coronary artery of the heart, a percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is used. It is used to prevent restenosis later. After the stenosis was expanded by PTCA, the restenosis rate was successfully reduced by placing a stent made of a metal mesh structure. However, even after placement of the stent, the restenosis rate was about 20%. However, the problem of restenosis has not been solved.
[0003]
Although various theories have been considered as to the cause of restenosis, currently, when a stent is placed, the phenotype of smooth muscle cells around the stent changes from a contracted type to a synthetic type, and the stent lumen The concept that the intimal thickening occurs by migrating and proliferating to the side, resulting in a restenosis phenomenon, has become the mainstream concept.
[0004]
Therefore, various studies have been made to prevent restenosis by loading a stent with a drug capable of suppressing the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Specific examples of such a drug include taxol (see Patent Document 1), mitomachine C, adriamycin, genistein, tilphosphin (see Patent Document 2), cytochalasin (see Patent Document 3), HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors (see Patent Document 4) and the like are mentioned.
[0005]
In particular, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have been conventionally used as therapeutic agents for hyperlipidemia because they block cholesterol synthesis in the liver. It has been reported that there is an effect related to suppression of membrane thickening. Specifically, effects such as suppression of LDL oxidation (see Non-Patent Document 1), suppression of inflammatory response (see Non-Patent Document 2), suppression of foaming of smooth muscle cells and macrophagy (see Non-Patent Document 3), and the like are shown. , Has been reported respectively.
[0006]
In recent years, attention has been paid to the NO-producing effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (see Non-Patent Document 4). It is believed that the promotion of NO production in vascular endothelial cells improves the function of endothelial cells and promotes endothelialization of blood vessels. It is thought that the promotion of endothelialization of blood vessels suppresses the migration of smooth muscle cells to the intima side.
[0007]
In order to carry these drugs on the stent, generally, the drugs are dissolved in the respective solvents and coated on the surface of the stent by spraying or dipping alone or together with a polymer material. At present, the plasma state is initially impaired by a single substance, and a part or most of the plasma state becomes amorphous. The amorphous portion is chemically unstable, is likely to be decomposed and deteriorated with time, and the effect inherent in the drug tends to be impaired.
[0008]
Therefore, when a stent coated with these drugs is placed in a living body, the drugs are decomposed, and the effects originally possessed by the drugs are reduced. This tendency is present in all of these drugs, especially HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, especially simvastatin.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-503488 [Patent Document 2]
JP 9-56807 A [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-500635 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Application 2002-200712
[Non-patent document 1]
Massy Ziad A. , Et al. , Biochem Biophys Res Commun 267 536-540 (2000).
[Non-patent document 2]
Sakai M. , Et al. , Atherosclerosis 133 51-59 (1997).
[Non-Patent Document 3]
Bellosta S.A. , Et al. , Atherosclerosis 137 Suppl. S101-109 (1998)
[Non-patent document 4]
Laufs U et al, Circulation (97) 1129-1135 (1998).
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an implantable medical device capable of preventing the biological physiologically active substance from being degraded or deteriorated over time and stably retaining the biological physiologically active substance. It is in.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Such an object is achieved by the present invention described in the following (1) to (7).
[0012]
(1) A medical device main body and a recrystallized biological physiologically active substance mounted on the medical device main body, which are implanted in a body for indwelling in a lumen in a living body. Medical instruments.
[0013]
(2) The implantable medical device according to (1), wherein the biologically active substance is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
[0014]
(3) The implantable medical device according to (2), wherein the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is simvastatin.
[0015]
(4) The implantable medical device according to (3), wherein the simvastatin is recrystallized in a temperature range of 40 to 60 ° C.
[0016]
(5) The medical device body according to (1), wherein the biological physiologically active substance is contained in a polymer layer made of a biodegradable polymer or a biocompatible polymer, and is mounted on the medical device body. Implantable medical device.
[0017]
(6) The biological physiologically active substance is directly mounted on the surface of the medical device main body, and the outside of the biological physiologically active substance is covered with a polymer layer made of a biodegradable polymer or a biocompatible polymer. The implantable medical device according to (1), which is characterized in that:
[0018]
(7) The implantable medical device according to (1), wherein the medical device main body is a stent.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the implantable medical device of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0020]
The implantable medical device of the present invention includes a medical device main body and a recrystallized biological physiologically active substance mounted on the medical device main body.
[0021]
The form of mounting the recrystallized biological physiologically active substance on the medical device main body is not particularly limited, for example, even if the surface of the medical device main body is coated with the recrystallized biological physiologically active substance. In addition, the biologically active substance recrystallized may be contained inside the medical device body.
[0022]
The medical device main body includes, for example, a stent, a catheter, a balloon, a vascular prosthesis, an artificial blood vessel, and the like.Among them, in order to expand a stenosis in a lumen in a living body and secure the expanded lumen. A stent that can be indwelled for a long time is a preferred embodiment. Hereinafter, a case where the medical device body is a stent will be described in more detail based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
[0023]
1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a stent, FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 and has been recrystallized. This shows that the form of the coat of the biologically active substance is different.
[0024]
The material, shape, size, etc. of a stent are not particularly limited as long as a stent can expand a stenosis in a lumen in a living body such as a blood vessel, a bile duct, a trachea, an esophagus, an intestinal tract, and a urethra and can be placed there. Not done.
[0025]
The material for forming the stent may be appropriately selected depending on the application site, and examples thereof include a metal material, a polymer material, and ceramics. When the stent is formed of a metal material, the metal material has excellent strength, so that the stent can be securely placed in the stenosis. Further, when the stent is formed of a polymer material, the polymer material is excellent in flexibility, and thus exhibits an excellent effect in terms of reachability (delivery property) to the stenotic portion of the stent.
[0026]
Examples of the metal material include stainless steel, Ni-Ti alloy, tantalum, titanium, gold, platinum, inconel, iridium, tungsten, and cobalt-based alloy. And among stainless steels, SUS316L, which has good corrosion resistance, is preferable.
[0027]
Examples of the polymer material include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate, and cellulose nitrate.
[0028]
The shape of the stent is not particularly limited as long as it is strong enough to be stably placed in a stenotic part formed in a lumen in a living body.For example, a wire made of a metal material or a fiber made of a polymer material is formed into a net shape. An arbitrary shape such as a cylindrical body formed by the above-mentioned method, or a cylindrical body formed of a metal material or a polymer material as shown in FIG.
[0029]
The stent may be either a balloon expandable type or a self expandable type. The size of the stent may be appropriately selected according to the application site. For example, when used for the coronary artery of the heart, it is usually preferable that the outer diameter before expansion is 1.0 to 3.0 mm and the length is 5 to 50 mm.
[0030]
The surface of the stent is coated with a recrystallized biological bioactive substance. Since the biological physiologically active substance is recrystallized, decomposition and deterioration with time are prevented, and the biological physiologically active substance is stably held on the surface of the stent. The recrystallized biological physiologically active substance is released into a stent placement site and surrounding tissue when the stent is placed in a stenosis of a lumen in a living body.
[0031]
The biological physiologically active substance may be preliminarily recrystallized and then coated on the surface of the stent, or may be coated on the surface of the stent and then recrystallized.
[0032]
The biological physiologically active substance is not particularly limited as long as it is recrystallized, and examples thereof include an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor having an NO producing action, and among the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, Simvastatin, which is relatively easily available, is particularly preferred.
[0033]
The amount of the biological physiologically active substance coated on the surface of the stent is, in particular, an amount capable of exerting the effect inherent in the biological physiologically active substance, that is, an amount capable of suppressing restenosis in a blood vessel. Not limited.
[0034]
The form of the coating of the bioactive substance on the stent is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the bioactive substance is contained in a polymer layer composed of a biodegradable polymer or a biocompatible polymer ( The stent may be coated in a mixed (mixed) form, or as shown in FIG. 3, a biological physiologically active substance is directly coated on the surface of the stent to provide a layer of the biological physiologically active substance alone. The outside may be covered with a polymer layer made of a biodegradable polymer or a biocompatible polymer.
[0035]
When the biologically active substance is contained in the polymer layer composed of the biodegradable polymer, or when the outside of the biological physiologically active substance is covered with the polymer layer composed of the biodegradable polymer, As the degradable polymer degrades, the biologically active substance is released directly into the stent placement site and the surrounding tissue.
[0036]
The biodegradable polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is degraded enzymatically and non-enzymatically in the living body, the degradation product does not show toxicity, and can release a biologically active substance. Lactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polymalic acid, polyα-amino acid, collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate, fibronectin, vitronectin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chitosan cellulose, cellulose acetate And the like. Among them, polylactic acid capable of releasing a biologically active substance over a long period of time is particularly preferable.
[0037]
When the biologically active substance is contained in the polymer layer made of the biocompatible polymer, or when the outside of the biologically active substance is covered with the polymer layer made of the biocompatible polymer, Leaching of the biologically active substance to the outer surface of the biocompatible polymer releases the biologically biologically active substance directly to the stent implantation site and the surrounding tissue.
[0038]
The biocompatible polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is essentially difficult for platelets to adhere thereto, does not show irritation to tissues, and can exude biologically active substances. Acrylates such as acetate copolymer (PEVA), polybutylmethyl acrylate (PBMA), acrylamides such as polyacrylamide (PA), silicone, blend or block copolymer of polyether polyurethane and dimethyl silicone, segmented polyurethane And various synthetic polymers such as polycarbonates such as polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene carbonate, and polypropylene carbonate.
[0039]
When the biological physiologically active substance is contained in the polymer layer composed of a biodegradable polymer or a biocompatible polymer, the mode of inclusion is not particularly limited, and the biological physiologically active substance may be uniformly or uniformly contained in the polymer layer. It may be present unevenly or locally.
[0040]
The method for producing the implantable medical device of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, when a stent is used as a medical device body, simvastatin is used as a biological physiologically active substance, and polyethylene butyl acetate copolymer (PEVA) is used as a biocompatible polymer, a solution in which simvastatin and PEVA are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran is used. By spraying the stent, a PEVA layer (polymer layer) containing simvastatin as shown in FIG. 2 was prepared on the surface of the stent, and the stent provided with the PEVA layer was placed in a closed space. A method of recrystallizing simvastatin by applying a suitable temperature and pressure, or spraying a solution in which simvastatin is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran onto a stent, providing a simvastatin layer on the stent surface, and then applying the simvastatin layer to the surface of the simvastatin layer PEVA to tetrahydrof A solution in which the PEVA layer (polymer layer) is provided on the outside of the simvastatin layer as shown in FIG. 3 is produced by spraying the solution dissolved in the solution, and the one provided with the PEVA layer is placed in a closed space. And a method of recrystallizing simvastatin by applying a suitable temperature and pressure.
[0041]
The temperature at which simvastatin is recrystallized is preferably 40 to 60 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 40 ° C., it becomes impossible to prevent the decomposition of simvastatin. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 60 ° C., the film thickness of the simvastatin layer becomes large in the case of a coat form as shown in FIG.
[0042]
The pressure at which simvastatin is recrystallized is not particularly limited, but the degree of vacuum is preferably 1,000 Pascal or less, particularly preferably 100 Pascal or less. By setting the pressure to 100 Pa or less, recrystallization is more easily promoted.
[0043]
The thus-obtained implantable medical device of the present invention can be used by directly placing it in a lumen in a living body. Then, the recrystallized biological physiologically active substance is released into the indwelling site of the stent and the surrounding tissue. Since such a biologically active substance is prevented from being degraded or deteriorated over time, the biologically active substance can exert its original effect, and as a result, the renewal of blood vessels and the like can be achieved. Stenosis can be reliably suppressed.
[0044]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0045]
(Example 1)
A solution in which 100 mg of simvastatin was dissolved in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran was sprayed onto a 15 mm long stent prepared by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, and a simvastatin layer was provided on the stent surface. Then, the stent provided with the simvastatin layer is placed in a heated vacuum drying apparatus and replaced with argon (Ar), which is an inert gas, three times, and then suctioned with a vacuum pump until the degree of vacuum becomes 100 Pascal (Pa) or less. Simvastatin was recrystallized by heating at 60 ° C. for 72 hours to produce an implantable medical device of the present invention.
Next, the implantable medical device of the present invention is treated in an accelerated test (80 ° C., 1 hour, atmospheric pressure), dissolved in 1 ml of acetonitrile, and decomposed by simvastatin using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (%) Was measured. As a result of the measurement, simvastatin was decomposed by only 2%.
[0046]
(Comparative Example 1)
A solution in which 100 mg of simvastatin was dissolved in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran was sprayed onto a 15 mm-long stent prepared by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, and a simvastatin layer was provided on the surface of the stent to produce an implantable medical device. .
Next, the degradation rate (%) of simvastatin was measured for the implantable medical device in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of the measurement, simvastatin was decomposed by 30%.
[0047]
(Example 2)
A solution prepared by dissolving 100 mg of simvastatin and 200 mg of polyethylene butyl acetate copolymer (PEVA) in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran is sprayed onto a 15 mm-long stent formed by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, and a PEVA layer containing simvastatin. (Polymer layer) was provided on the stent surface. Then, the stent provided with the PEVA layer is placed in a heating vacuum drying apparatus and replaced with argon (Ar), which is an inert gas, three times, and then suctioned with a vacuum pump until the degree of vacuum becomes 100 Pascal (Pa) or less. Simvastatin was recrystallized by heating at 60 ° C. for 72 hours to produce an implantable medical device of the present invention.
Next, the degradation rate (%) of simvastatin was measured for the implantable medical device in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of the measurement, simvastatin was decomposed by only 2%.
[0048]
(Comparative Example 2)
A solution prepared by dissolving 100 mg of simvastatin and 200 mg of polyethylene butyl acetate copolymer (PEVA) in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran is sprayed onto a 15 mm-long stent formed by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, and a PEVA layer containing simvastatin. (Polymer layer) was provided on the stent surface to produce an implantable medical device.
Next, the degradation rate (%) of simvastatin was measured for the implantable medical device in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of the measurement, simvastatin was decomposed by 30%.
[0049]
(Example 3)
A solution prepared by dissolving 100 mg of simvastatin in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran is sprayed onto a 15 mm-long stent prepared by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, and a simvastatin layer is provided on the stent surface. A solution of 200 mg of butyl acetate copolymer (PEVA) in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran was sprayed to form a PEVA layer (polymer layer). Then, the stent provided with the PEVA layer is placed in a heating vacuum drying apparatus and replaced with argon (Ar), which is an inert gas, three times, and then suctioned with a vacuum pump until the degree of vacuum becomes 100 Pascal (Pa) or less. Simvastatin was recrystallized by heating at 60 ° C. for 72 hours to produce an implantable medical device of the present invention.
Next, the degradation rate (%) of simvastatin was measured for the implantable medical device in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of the measurement, simvastatin was decomposed by only 2%.
[0050]
(Comparative Example 3)
A solution prepared by dissolving 100 mg of simvastatin in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran is sprayed onto a 15 mm-long stent prepared by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, and a simvastatin layer is provided on the stent surface. A solution in which 200 mg of an acetate copolymer (PEVA) was dissolved in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran was sprayed to provide a PEVA layer (polymer layer), thereby producing an implantable medical device.
Next, the degradation rate (%) of simvastatin was measured for the implantable medical device in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of the measurement, simvastatin was decomposed by 30%.
[0051]
From Examples 1 to 3, it was confirmed that simvastatin was recrystallized and degradation was prevented regardless of the form of the simvastatin coating on the stent.
[0052]
(Example 4)
A solution of 100 mg of simvastatin dissolved in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran was sprayed onto a 15 mm long stent prepared by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm to provide a simvastatin layer on the stent surface. Then, the stent provided with the simvastatin layer is placed in a heated vacuum drying apparatus and replaced with argon (Ar), which is an inert gas, three times, and then suctioned with a vacuum pump until the degree of vacuum becomes 100 Pascal (Pa) or less. Simvastatin was recrystallized by heating at 60 ° C. for 72 hours to produce an implantable medical device of the present invention.
Next, the implantable medical device of the present invention was allowed to stand at room temperature (25 ° C., atmospheric pressure), and the degradation rates (%) of simvastatin after 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days were respectively measured. It was measured using a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Table 1 shows the results.
[0053]
(Comparative Example 4)
A solution prepared by dissolving 100 mg of simvastatin in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran is sprayed onto a 15 mm long stent made by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, thereby providing a simvastatin layer on the surface of the stent to produce an implantable medical device. did.
Next, the implantable medical device was left at room temperature (25 ° C., atmospheric pressure), and the degradation rates (%) of simvastatin after 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. It measured using the graph (HPLC). Table 1 shows the results.
[0054]
[Table 1]
[0055]
From Table 1, it was confirmed that when simvastatin was not recrystallized, simvastatin was decomposed by an average of 1% per day. When simvastatin was recrystallized, it was confirmed that the degradation of simvastatin was suppressed even after 30 days.
[0056]
(Example 5)
A solution obtained by dissolving 100 mg of simvastatin in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran is sprayed onto a 15 mm-long stent prepared by processing a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 2 mm, and a simvastatin layer is provided on the stent surface. A solution of 200 mg of butyl acetate copolymer (PEVA) in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran was sprayed to form a PEVA layer (polymer layer). Then, the stent provided with the PEVA layer is placed in a heating vacuum drying apparatus and replaced with argon (Ar), which is an inert gas, three times, and then suctioned with a vacuum pump until the degree of vacuum becomes 100 Pascal (Pa) or less. Simvastatin was recrystallized by heating at 30 ° C., 40 ° C., 50 ° C., 60 ° C., and 70 ° C. for 72 hours, respectively, to produce an implantable medical device of the present invention. And about these implantable medical devices, the film thickness of the simvastatin layer was measured. Table 2 shows the results.
[0057]
(Example 6)
For the implantable medical device prepared in Example 5, the degradation rate (%) of simvastatin was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results.
[0058]
[Table 2]
[0059]
As shown in Table 2, when the recrystallization temperature was 30 ° C., simvastatin was decomposed by 55%, which was inappropriate as the recrystallization conditions. When the recrystallization temperature was 70 ° C., the decomposition rate of simvastatin was as small as 3%, but the thickness of the simvastatin layer was as large as 15 μm, which was unsuitable as recrystallization conditions. Therefore, good recrystallization temperatures ranged from 40-60 ° C.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention relates to an implantable medical device for indwelling in a lumen in a living body, comprising a medical device main body, and a recrystallized biological physiology mounted on the medical device main body. Since it is composed of an active substance, it is possible to prevent the biological physiologically active substance from being degraded and deteriorated over time, and to stably retain the biological physiologically active substance.
[0061]
When the medical device body is a stent, the stenosis generated in a lumen in a living body is expanded, and the stenosis is left there for a long time to secure the expanded lumen. Is possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a stent.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but showing an embodiment in which the form of the coat of the biologically active substance is different.
[Explanation of symbols]
1
3 biologically active substances (simvastatin)
4 Polymer layer (PEVA layer)
5 Biologically active substances (simvastatin)
Claims (7)
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| JP2002341014A JP4371653B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2002-11-25 | Implantable medical device |
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