JP2004169055A - Age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part with excellent machinability and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part with excellent machinability and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004169055A JP2004169055A JP2002332710A JP2002332710A JP2004169055A JP 2004169055 A JP2004169055 A JP 2004169055A JP 2002332710 A JP2002332710 A JP 2002332710A JP 2002332710 A JP2002332710 A JP 2002332710A JP 2004169055 A JP2004169055 A JP 2004169055A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- strength
- machinability
- steel
- aging treatment
- bainite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】高強度と大量生産可能な被削性の両立が可能で,自動車の足廻り部品の大幅な軽量化を達成可能とする鋼部品の提供。
【解決手段】重量比にて,C:0.06〜0.20%,Si:0.03〜1.00%,Mn:1.00〜3.00%,P:0.030%以下,S:0.04〜0.30%,Cr:0.50〜2.00%,Mo:0.05〜1.00%,Al:0.001〜0.060%,V:0.30〜1.00%,N:0.0080〜0.0200%,Ca:0.0005〜0.0100%,Mg:0.0005〜0.0100%を含有し,残部Fe及び不純物元素からなり,面積率で30%以下(0%を含む)のフェライトパーライト,又はマルテンサイトを含む組織からなる鋼を,熱間鍛造後,550〜700℃の温度にて時効処理を施す。
【選択図】 図1An object of the present invention is to provide a steel part that can achieve both high strength and machinability that can be mass-produced, and that can significantly reduce the weight of underbody parts of an automobile.
In a weight ratio, C: 0.06 to 0.20%, Si: 0.03 to 1.00%, Mn: 1.00 to 3.00%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.04 to 0.30%, Cr: 0.50 to 2.00%, Mo: 0.05 to 1.00%, Al: 0.001 to 0.060%, V: 0.30 to 1.00%, N: 0.0080-0.0200%, Ca: 0.0005-0.0100%, Mg: 0.0005-0.0100%, the balance being Fe and impurity elements. After hot forging, a steel having a structure containing ferrite pearlite or martensite having a percentage of 30% or less (including 0%) is subjected to an aging treatment at a temperature of 550 to 700 ° C.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1
Description
【0001】
【技術分野】
本発明は,自動車の足廻り部品,クランクシャフト,コネクティングロッド等への適用に適した鋼であって,通常使用されている鋼に比べ高強度を有するにもかかわらず,機械加工による最終形状への仕上加工ラインで従来鋼に比較して大きく生産性を低下させることなく加工が可能な被削性を有する時効硬化型高強度ベイナイト鋼部品及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
自動車の足廻り部品,クランクシャフト,コンロッド等には鋳物も多く使用されているが,強度を重視する場合には,炭素鋼や若干の合金元素を添加した低合金鋼を熱間鍛造することにより製造されている。鋳物は熱間鍛造品に比べ被削性に優れるという利点があるが,強度の面では劣り,ヤング率も低いという欠点があるため,鋳物により上記エンジン部品を製造しても,ユーザーからの強い軽量化要求に対応できる材料の提供は不可能である。そのため,前記した熱間鍛造品について,鋳物に比べ高強度であるという特徴を最大限活かしつつ,優れた被削性を得るための試みが盛んに行われている。
【0003】
従来,これらの熱間鍛造品に対しては,省エネと熱処理コストの削減に対する強い要求から,熱間鍛造後に焼入焼もどし(調質)を施すことなく使用可能な非調質鋼や,焼もどしのみで使用できる焼入省略鋼が使用されてきた。
【0004】
しかしながら,高強度を得るということは言い換えれば硬さが高くなるということであり,被削性の低下を意味する。従って,高強度と優れた被削性の両立は容易ではなく,現在に到るまで多くの開発者が高強度熱間鍛造用鋼の開発に取り組んできているが,試作で極めて少量しか生産しないことがわかっている場合を除き,大量生産を行う場合での機械加工に支障のない高強度鋼の開発は困難であるのが現実であった。従って,実際の生産ラインで安定して大量生産が可能な被削性を得ようとすると,切削時での鍛造品の表面硬さには限界があり,結果として鍛造品の高強度化に限界が生じていた。具体的には,ビッカース硬さで300台の前半の硬さ(引張強さで大体1000MPa程度)までが大量生産可能な硬さの限界であると考えられてきた。
【0005】
このような現状に対し,従来熱間鍛造用として多数開発され,かつ使用されてきた非調質鋼は,十分な高強度が得られず,ユーザーからの軽量化要求に十分に対応できないか,あるいは静的強度面では満足できる特性が得られる場合であっても,必要な被削性確保のために多量の被削性向上元素の添加が必要となり,それが鋼中の介在物の増加等をもたらして疲労特性が低下するという問題を生じていた。
【0006】
引張強さが1000MPaを超える高い強度と被削性の両立という問題を解決するための新しい提案は,困難な課題解決を必要とするため,まだ多くはないが,例えば特開2000−17374号に示される発明が提案されている。この発明は,Vを増量し時効処理することにより強度向上を図ることと,必要な機械加工を析出硬化による強度向上を図る前(時効処理前)に行うことによって機械加工を可能にし,高強度化と被削性確保の両立を図ろうとするものである(特許文献1参照)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−17374号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら,上記した発明には,次の問題がある。
この発明は,基本的にVの析出硬化による強度向上効果が十分に得られていない時効処理前の状態で必要な機械加工をし,その後に時効処理を行って高強度化を達成することを特徴としている。しかしながら,その硬さは時効処理後に比べ時効処理前の硬さが低いというだけで,時効処理前の段階であっても大量生産を行う生産ラインにおいて,切削加工が必ず容易であるというわけではない。本発明者等が調査した結果,時効処理前と時効処理後の硬さの間には大きな相関関係があり,時効処理後において高い強度を得ようとすると,時効処理前においても硬さがかなり高いレベルにならざるを得ないことがわかった。
【0009】
また,この発明は最終的な機械加工を行ってから時効処理することを特徴としている。しかしながら,指定されている時効処理温度は550〜700℃と変態温度にかなり近い温度であり,熱処理後の冷却時の温度分布,熱処理前の鍛造品に存在していた残留応力の影響等から,熱処理後に歪を生じる場合がある。従って,機械加工して最終製品の形状に仕上加工を行った後は,熱処理なしに使用することができる鋼を開発する必要があった。
【0010】
本発明は,上記課題を解決するために成されたものであり,その目的は最終形状に機械加工した後に熱処理しなくても高強度を確保でき,かつ大量生産ラインで大きく生産性を低下させることなく切削による仕上加工が可能な,被削性に優れた時効硬化型高強度ベイナイト鋼部品及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以上説明した課題を解決するために,硬さがHv300台後半の硬さであっても被削性改善に効果があり,他の非調質鋼のHv300台前半の硬さの鋼と同等以上の被削性を得るための方策を詳細に検討した。その結果,Vを他の非調質鋼に比べ多量に添加し,時効処理によりベイナイト組織中にVの炭窒化物を多量に微細析出させると,微細析出したV炭窒化物が機械加工時に工具面に付着して保護し,工具摩耗の防止に効果のあること,このV多量添加+時効処理をCaとMgの複合添加鋼に対して実施すると,その複合効果により,Hv300台後半の高い硬さを有する鋼であっても他のV量が低い非調質鋼でHv300台前半の鋼とほぼ同等の被削性を示すことを見出し,課題の解決に成功したものである。
その結果,前記した先願では時効処理前に機械加工によって最終形状に加工しておき,その後時効処理することを特徴としていたが,本発明である高強度ベイナイト鋼部品では,時効処理後であっても機械加工を行うことが可能になるという大きな効果が得られる。
【0012】
以上説明した検討を進めた結果得られた本発明の時効硬化型ベイナイト鋼部品は,重量比にて,V:0.30〜1.00%,Ca:0.0005〜0.0100%,Mg:0.0005〜0.0100%を含有するベイナイト主体の組織を有する低合金鋼であって,面積率で30%以下(0%を含む)のフェライトパーライト,又はマルテンサイトを含む組織からなり,熱間鍛造後の時効処理により高強度化を図ったことを特徴とする。
【0013】
本発明において注目すべきことは,従来非調質鋼において,析出強化による強度の確保のために添加され,被削性とは無関係とされてきたVを通常より多量に添加し,時効処理により多量に微細析出させた場合には,析出したVの炭窒化物が機械加工時に工具面に付着して工具摩耗を少なく抑え,工具寿命を改善すること,この効果によって時効処理後であっても被削性が大きく低下せず,硬さが高くても機械加工が可能となったこと,以上の効果がCa,Mg,Sの複合添加鋼において,特に顕著に得られることを見出した点にある。
【0014】
前記した先願では時効処理前において機械加工することを特徴としていたが,時効処理によりV炭窒化物を多量微細析出させたことによるV炭窒化物の工具面への付着促進とCa,Mgの複合添加による被削性向上に対する相乗効果によって,Vの析出硬化による硬さの増加に伴い生じる被削性の低下分を含めても,大きく被削性が低下することがなく,時効処理後であっても機械加工を可能とすることができる。
【0015】
次に,請求項1からなる被削性に優れた時効硬化型高強度ベイナイト鋼部品の各化学成分範囲の限定理由について説明する。
【0016】
S:0.04〜0.30%,
Sは鋼中でCaS,MgS,MnS,(Ca,Mn)S,(Ca,Mg)S,(Ca,Mg,Mn)S等の硫化物系介在物を形成し,被削性向上に効果のある元素である。従って,被削性改善を目的とする本発明にとっては添加することが不可欠となる元素であり,最低でも0.04%以上の含有が必要である。しかし,Sの多量添加は被削性改善には効果的であるが,延伸したMnSが増加して異方性が生じ,圧延直角方向での強度特性低下の原因となる。また,介在物の増加により疲労特性低下の原因にもなるため,添加量の上限を規制することが必要であり,上限を0.30%とした。
【0017】
V:0.30〜1.00%,
Vは多くの熱間鍛造用非調質鋼にとって熱処理せずに必要な強度を得るために不可欠な元素であるとして使用されてきた。しかし,その添加目的は必要な強度確保であって被削性向上を目的に添加されたことはなかった。本発明においても,時効処理によって微細かつ多量に析出させたV炭窒化物が,析出硬化によって強度を高めるのは勿論の事である。しかし,本発明は,さらに前記効果に加えて多量に析出したV炭窒化物が機械加工時に工具面に付着して工具を保護し工具摩耗を防止するという優れた効果を見出した結果完成したものである。
【0018】
以上説明した効果を十分に得るためには,従来から使用されている非調質鋼の多くがそうであるような0.05〜0.20%程度の添加では不十分であり,少なくとも0.30%以上,好ましくは0.51%以上の含有が必要である。しかし,必要以上に多量に添加してもその効果が飽和し,コスト増加を招くので,上限を1.00%とした。
【0019】
Ca:0.0005〜0.0100%,Mg:0.0005〜0.0100%,
Ca,Mgは被削性を向上させるために添加する元素である。そして,Ca,Mgを前記したSと共に複合添加した場合において,時効処理後においても被削性が大きく劣化することがなく,時効処理後の機械加工を可能にするために必要不可欠な元素である。このような高硬度領域における機械加工可能な被削性を確保するためには,Sに加えてCa,Mgの複合添加が不可欠であり,2元素共に0.0005%以上の含有が必要である。しかし,その添加量には適正な範囲があり,多量に含有させても効果が飽和してコスト高となるだけであるので,上限をそれぞれ0.0100%とした。
【0020】
次に,請求項1からなる高強度ベイナイト鋼部品の化学成分以外の限定理由について説明する。
本発明の時効硬化型高強度ベイナイト鋼部品は,その組織の主体をベイナイトとすることを特徴としている。これはベイナイト組織としないと優れた強度を確保することが難しくなるからである。しかし,実際の製造を考えると,部品の寸法によっては熱間鍛造後の空冷によって組織が完全なベイナイトとなりにくい場合もあり,他の組織の存在を全く許容しない場合には,製造が難しくなる場合が生じる。従って,面積率で30%以内の範囲でフェライト・パーライト又はマルテンサイト組織の存在を許容したのである。しかしながら,フェライト・パーライト組織が増加すると時効処理による強度向上効果を十分に得ることができず,高強度を確保できなくなること,マルテンサイト組織が増加すると必要以上に硬さが高くなりすぎて被削性が低下することから,その組織の存在を30%以内に規制した。
【0021】
次に,請求項2の発明について説明する。
本発明の時効硬化型高強度ベイナイト鋼部品は,請求項2として記載したように,時効処理後の硬さをHv340以上とするのが好ましい。
これは,時効処理後の硬さをHv340以上とすることによって,従来鋼から本発明鋼に変更した場合に,大きな軽量化効果を得ることが可能となるからである。また,硬さがHv340未満となる強度レベルであれば,従来の非調質鋼でも狙いとする強度を確保可能であり,かつ機械加工による仕上げ加工が,大量生産ラインでも可能であり,本発明による効果を十分に活かすことが難しくなるためである。本発明は,Hv340以上の硬さ領域で使用すると,従来鋼では得られない大きな被削性向上効果が得られるものである。
【0022】
なお,本発明では前記したように多量のV炭窒化物の析出により機械加工時の工具面保護を促進させ,被削性向上を図っており,従来鋼と同じ硬さで比較すると著しく優れた被削性を有している。しかしながら,硬さが上昇するほど被削性が低下する傾向にある点については従来鋼と同様であるので,実際の生産性を考慮すると時効処理後の硬さをHv400以下で使用するのが好ましい。Hv400以下で使用することにより,確実に優れた被削性を確保することができる。
【0023】
次に請求項3の発明について説明する。
請求項1,2では,本発明のポイントとなる成分及び組織についてのみ限定した発明を示したが,高強度かつ優れた被削性を確保するためには,ポイントとなる成分だけでなく,他の成分も最適化した範囲内に規制することが好ましい。以下その範囲及び限定理由について説明する。
【0024】
C:0.06〜0.20%,
Cは,本発明鋼の強度を確保するために不可欠な元素である。また,時効処理による強度の向上効果と,工具面を保護し,工具摩耗を防止するために不可欠なV炭窒化物を十分な量析出させるために必要な元素であり,本発明にとって最も重要な元素である。しかし,添加しすぎると被削性が低下し,V炭窒化物の工具面保護とCa,Mgの複合添加による被削性向上効果を加味しても大量生産可能な被削性を得ることが難しくなるので,添加範囲を0.06〜0.20%とした。
【0025】
Si:0.03〜1.00%,
Siは脱酸のために製鋼時に必要となる元素であり,その量を低減すると鋼の製造が難しくなる。従って,製造上問題のないSi量を確保するために,その添加量の下限を0.03%に設定した。望ましくは,0.10%以上とするのが良い。しかし,脱酸に必要な量を確保すれば製造に支障はなく,かえって添加しすぎると介在物であるSiO2が増加して被削性が低下する原因となるので,上限を1.00%とした。
【0026】
Mn:1.00〜3.00%,
Mnは焼入性を向上させて,熱間鍛造後の組織の主体をベイナイトとするために必要不可欠な元素である。従って,そのために必要な最低限の量を添加する必要があり,下限を1.00%とした。しかし,添加しすぎると焼入性が増加しすぎてマルテンサイトが生成し,その生成量が限界を超えて増加すると,硬度が高くなりすぎて被削性が劣化するため,上限を3.00%とした。
【0027】
P:0.030%以下,
Pは製造時に少量の混入が避けられない不純物であるが,極力低減しようとすると使用するスクラップの選定や製鋼時の処理に負担がかかり,製造コストの増加につながることとなる。本発明においては,コストを重視するため,Pの含有率を特別な低減処理が必要のない範囲に設定するが,多量に含有すると熱間加工性や靭性に悪影響を及ぼすため,製造に問題の生じないレベルで規制する必要があり,上限値を0.030%とした。
【0028】
Cr:0.50〜2.00%,
Crは,Mnと同様に熱間鍛造後の組織をベイナイト化するために必要な元素であり,組織の主体をベイナイトとするためには,最低でも0.50%以上の含有が必要である。しかし,添加量を増加するとMnと同様に焼入性が向上しすぎてマルテンサイトが増加し,組織をベイナイト主体とすることが難しくなり,硬さも増加して被削性が低下するため,上限を2.00%とした。
【0029】
Mo:0.05〜1.00%,
Moも,Mn,Crと同様に焼入性を向上させて組織をベイナイト主体とするために必要な元素であるとともに,時効処理時に炭化物として析出し,時効硬化による強度向上効果を有する元素である。従って,0.05%以上の含有が必要である。しかし,Moは高価な元素であるため多量の添加はコスト高につながるとともに,必要以上に添加しても効果が飽和してコスト上昇に見合う効果が得られなくなるため,上限を1.00%とした。
【0030】
Al:0.001〜0.060%,
Alは,Siと同様に脱酸元素であり製鋼時に必要な元素であるため,下限を0.001%とした。しかし,本発明にとってAlは製鋼時の脱酸処理に必要な量が確保できていれば良く,特に他に添加する目的がなく,多量に含有するとアルミナ系介在物が増加して被削性低下の原因になるため,上限を0.060%とした。
【0031】
N:0.0080〜0.0200%,
Nは,時効処理後においてVと結合して鋼中に炭窒化物を形成し,前記した通り機械加工時に使用する工具摩耗を防止する効果を有する元素である。Nは添加しなくても大気中から混入し,不純物として存在するが,不純物として含有するN量では安定して前記効果を十分に得ることができない。本発明では,前記した効果を確実に得ることができないと,目的を達成できないため,不純物量を超えて添加する必要があり,下限を0.0080%とした。望ましくは0.0100%以上とするのが良い。しかし,多量に含有させても効果は飽和し,かつ製造も困難となるため,上限を0.0200%とした。
【0032】
次に請求項4の発明について説明する。
請求項4は,本発明の前記した特徴を最大限活かすための製造方法に関するものである。本発明は,V炭窒化物をいかに微細かつ多量に析出させるかで得られる強度,被削性の効果が変化する。請求項4は効果を大きく得るための最適な製造方法を提案するものである。
【0033】
時効処理によってV炭窒化物を十分に析出させるためには,熱間鍛造時の加熱によって,Vを鋼中に十分に固溶させる必要がある。そのために本発明では熱間鍛造時の加熱温度を1150〜1300℃とする。この温度は熱間鍛造において特殊な条件ではないが,温度を適正範囲にする必要性を認識せずに鍛造を実施した場合には,当然前記温度範囲外となって,十分な高強度が得られなくなる可能性がある。本発明者等はそのようなことがないように,適した製造条件を明確にしたものである。
【0034】
温度の下限を1150℃としたのは,これより低い温度ではVが十分に固溶しなくなり,時効処理による強度向上効果が十分に得られなくなる可能性があるからである。また,温度の上限を1300℃としたのは,1300℃以下の温度への加熱によって十分にVを固溶させることが可能であり,これより温度が高くなってもエネルギーが無駄になるだけであり,かつ結晶粒が粗大化して,得られる強度特性に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があるからである。
【0035】
次に時効処理温度を550〜700℃としたのは,工具の摩耗防止に効果が得られる程度のV炭窒化物量を析出させるために適した温度であるからである。また,V炭窒化物が析出しないと析出強化により強度の向上効果も得ることができない。
【0036】
時効処理温度が550℃未満である場合には,V炭窒化物の析出量が少なく前記した効果が十分に得られず,本発明で狙いとしている特徴が得られない。また,時効処理温度を700℃超とした場合には,過時効現象を起こし,強度向上効果が小さくなるためである。
【0037】
なお,550〜700℃の範囲で時効温度を変化させると,化学成分によっても多少の差異があるが,大体550〜600℃の間では温度が上昇するほどV炭窒化物の析出量が増加して硬さが上昇し,600〜650℃の間の温度で硬さがピークとなる温度があり,それ以上の温度にすると硬さが低下していくという傾向になる。従って,550〜700℃の範囲内で時効温度を適切に調整することにより,Hv340以上の狙いとする硬さに容易に調整することができる。
【0038】
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の高強度ベイナイト鋼部品を,請求項4の方法にて製造することにより,高強度であるにもかかわらず,大量生産による機械加工が可能な時効硬化型高強度ベイナイト鋼部品を得ることができる。
【0039】
【実施例】
次に,本発明の特徴を実施例により明らかにする。表1は,実施例に用いた供試材の化学成分を示すものである。
【0040】
【表1】
【0041】
表1において,1〜5鋼は本発明の鋼部品の成分,組織の条件を満足する鋼(以下本発明鋼と記す。)であり,6〜10鋼は,一部の条件(成分,ベイナイト率)が本発明の範囲外である比較鋼であり,11〜13鋼は従来鋼であり,そのうち11鋼は,従来のベイナイト型焼入省略鋼であり,12,13鋼は,JISのSCr440,SCM440に相当する鋼である。
【0042】
供試材は,30kgVIM溶解炉で溶解した鋼塊を1250℃に加熱後,φ55(被削性評価用)又はφ30(被削性評価以外)の丸棒に鍛伸し,一度空冷した後,再度1200℃に30分加熱保持後自然空冷して準備した。再度加熱保持したのは,鍛伸中に温度がばらつく可能性があるため,再度温度が正確に保持できる炉内に装入し熱処理することによって,温度のばらつきによる影響を極力抑えるためと実際の鍛造時の加熱,空冷処理を正確にシミュレートするためである。但し,10鋼については,組織の影響を調査するため,1200℃に加熱後徐冷して,意図的にベイナイト率が低下するように調整した。その後,1〜11鋼については,後述の表2に示す各温度(温度保持時間30分)の時効処理を行い,12,13鋼については,880℃にて焼入れ後580℃にて焼もどし処理を行い,後述の試験を行った。
【0043】
試験は,高強度と被削性の両立が可能であるかを評価するために,引張試験,小野式回転曲げ疲労試験,硬さ,被削性評価試験を実施した。また,ミクロ組織と強度,被削性との関係調査のためミクロ組織観察を実施した。次に各試験の実施方法について説明する。
【0044】
引張試験は,JIS4号引張試験片を作製して,引張速度1mm/minの条件で行い,0.2%耐力と引張強さを測定した。
【0045】
小野式回転曲げ疲労試験は,平行部φ8の平滑試験片を作製し,107回転での疲労強度を求め,これと引張強さとの比率をとった耐久比を求めることにより評価した。
【0046】
硬さは,時効処理を行った供試材については時効処理後,従来鋼である12,13鋼については焼入焼もどし後のビッカース硬さ(荷重10kgf)を測定した。
【0047】
被削性の評価は,φ55の鍛伸材からφ50,長さ190mmの試験片を作製し,試験片側面を切込み深さ2mm,送り速度0.3mm/rev,円周方向の切削速度150m/分の条件でCVDコーティングされた超硬バイトでの旋削試験を実施し,バイトの横逃げ面摩耗量が0.15mmとなるまでの切削時間を測定することにより評価した。なお,後述の表2には従来の焼入省略鋼である11鋼の寿命に到るまでの切削時間を100とし,整数比で示した。
【0048】
ミクロ組織観察は,前記引張試験片の試験後のつかみ部を切断,研磨したものを試料として用い,光学顕微鏡にて倍率400倍で観察し,組織中のベイナイト組織の比率をポイントカウンテイング法により測定した。
以上説明した方法で評価した結果を表2(ベイナイト率は表1)に示す。
【0049】
【表2】
【0050】
表2に示されるように,本発明鋼である1〜5鋼は,全てベイナイト主体の組織(ベイナイト率70%以上)を有しており,かつ表2には示していないが,高倍率で走査型電子顕微鏡観察をすることにより多量の微細なV炭窒化物の析出が確認された。そして,Hv367〜Hv394という高い硬さを示し,1022MPa以上の耐力と1207MPa以上の引張強さという切削工程が必須となる部品としては,従来の常識では製造が困難なレベルの高い強度,硬さを有していた。
しかしながら,表2に示すように,従来のベイナイト型焼入省略鋼(硬さHv343=従来鋼における機械加工可能な硬さ上限レベル相当)である11鋼と比べて同等以上の,優れた被削性を示すことが確認できた。
【0051】
これに対し,比較鋼である6鋼はV含有率が低いため,時効による強度向上効果が小さくなって耐久比が劣るとともに,V炭窒化物の析出量が少ないため,工具面の保護が不十分となって被削性が劣るものであり,7,8鋼は被削性向上のために添加しているCa,Mgのいずれか一方の添加量が少ないため,強度は本発明鋼と同等であるが,被削性が劣るものであり,9鋼はMn,Cr量が少なく,10鋼は冷却速度が遅いためにベイナイト率が低く,その影響で時効処理後の強度が劣るものである。
【0052】
また,従来の焼入省略鋼である11鋼は,6鋼と同様の理由で強度が劣るとともに,本発明鋼に比べ硬さが低いにもかかわらず,被削性が劣るものであり,SCr440,SCM440である12,13鋼は,被削性を向上させる元素が全く添加されていないため被削性が大きく劣るとともに,焼入焼もどし処理を行っても強度が目標値に達しないものである。12,13鋼の場合,焼きもどし温度の調整によってさらに高強度とすることは可能であるが,その場合には表2に示す結果よりさらに被削性が劣化することになる。
【0053】
以上説明した通り,本発明鋼は,高強度で硬さが高く,従来であれば大量生産が困難な高強度を有しているにもかかわらず,優れた被削性を有している。そこで,この理由を調査するために,被削性評価テストが終了した後の超硬バイトを電子線マイクロアナライザ(EPMA)で成分の分析を実施し,工具表面に変化が生じていないかについて調査した。その結果,本発明鋼からなる供試材を切削したバイトには,図1に示す通り,工具表面にVを多く含む付着物層の存在を確認することができた(図1の左上部が被削性評価試験時の工具と供試材との接触部分)。それに対し,11鋼のようにVを0.10%程度しか含有していない従来の非調質鋼を切削したバイトには,付着物層はみられたが,その量に大きな差異がみられた。
【0054】
本発明鋼は,従来多く用いられている非調質鋼に比べVを多量に添加し,さらに時効処理によって,時効処理前に比べV炭窒化物が多量に析出した組織としている。この点と前記した図1に示される結果から判断すると,多量のV炭窒化物が切削時において工具面を保護する効果を及ぼし,その結果工具寿命が改善したものと推察される。
【0055】
次に,Vの添加量による効果を明確にするための別の実施例を示す。表1に示した供試材の1鋼に相当する鋼についてV以外の成分添加量を一定とし,Vのみ添加量を変化させた鋼を準備し,前記した実施例と時効処理温度を除き同じ方法で試験片を準備し,実験を行った。なお,本実験ではV添加量の差による被削性への影響を明確にするため,時効処理温度を変化させて時効処理後の硬さがHv360程度と一定値になるように調整し,同一硬さで被削性がどのように変化するか調査した。なお,被削性の評価方法は前記した実施例と同じである。結果を表3に示す。結果は,V量が0.10%の場合の工具寿命を100とし,整数比で示した。
【0056】
【表3】
【0057】
Vが0.10%と少ない場合には,時効処理後においても硬さがHv360に達しないため硬さがHvで約20低い状態で実験を行った。表3に示されるように,硬さが同一となるように調整してあるにもかかわらず,V添加量が多い供試材の方が,優れた被削性を示した。本実施例の場合,異なっているのはV添加量のみであり,従来から被削性を改善するとして知られている元素の添加量に差異はないこと,前記した実施例で説明した通り被削性評価試験後の工具面にVを含む付着物が確認されたこと等から,供試材中に多量に析出させたV炭窒化物が工具面を保護する役割を果たし,工具寿命が改善したものと推定される。
【0058】
次に,時効処理条件の最適範囲を把握するための別の実施例を示す。
前記した実施例では,時効処理温度については各供試材毎に一条件で実施し,多種類の供試鋼を熱処理した場合の結果について示したが,時効処理温度が変化した場合の影響を正確に把握するため,表1に示す供試鋼のうち1鋼と3鋼を選択し,それぞれについて時効処理条件を変化させて,前記した実施例と同じ評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
【0059】
【表4】
【0060】
表4から明らかなように,550℃未満の温度での時効処理した場合,時効処理による強度向上効果が不十分となり,引張強度,耐久比共に低下することがわかる。そして,550〜700℃で時効処理した場合には,時効処理により高強度化し,高強度を容易に達成できることがわかる。
また,700℃を超える時効処理は,強度が低下しはじめるため,700℃以下の温度での時効処理が適切な条件であることがわかる。
【0061】
なお,以上説明した実施例では,全て鍛伸後の加熱温度を1200℃に固定した結果について説明している。しかしながら,本発明者等は別途加熱温度を変更して同様に実験を行っており,加熱温度が1150〜1300℃の範囲内において以上説明した結果とほぼ同じ結果が得られることが確認できた。
【0062】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように,本発明の被削性に優れた時効硬化型高強度ベイナイト鋼部品は,通常のベイナイト型非調質鋼に比べ多量のVを添加し,Ca,Mgを複合添加した鋼を用い,550〜700℃で時効処理することによって,高い強度を達成すると同時に大量生産可能なレベルの被削性を確保することができる。
従って,本発明からなる高強度ベイナイト鋼部品の使用により従来に比べ高い応力での設計が可能となり,大幅な軽量化が可能となり,産業上寄与するところは極めて大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明鋼の被削性評価テスト後の工具に付着した層のV量を示す図面代用写真。[0001]
【Technical field】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is a steel suitable for application to underbody parts of automobiles, crankshafts, connecting rods, and the like. The present invention relates to an age-hardening type high-strength bainite steel part having machinability capable of being processed in a finishing processing line without greatly lowering productivity as compared with conventional steel, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Castings are often used for undercarriage parts of automobiles, crankshafts, connecting rods, etc. When strength is important, carbon steel or low alloy steel with some alloying elements added can be hot forged. Being manufactured. Castings have the advantage of being superior in machinability compared to hot forged products, but have the disadvantages of poor strength and low Young's modulus. It is impossible to provide a material that can meet the demand for weight reduction. For this reason, many attempts have been made to obtain excellent machinability of the above-mentioned hot forged products while making the most of the feature of being higher in strength than cast products.
[0003]
Conventionally, for these hot forged products, due to strong demands for energy saving and reduction of heat treatment costs, non-heat treated steels that can be used without quenching and tempering (tempering) after hot forging, Hardened steel, which can be used only for tempering, has been used.
[0004]
However, obtaining high strength in other words means increasing the hardness, which means a reduction in machinability. Therefore, it is not easy to achieve both high strength and excellent machinability. Many developers have been working on the development of high-strength hot-forging steels up to now, but only a very small amount is produced by trial production. Except when it was known, it was difficult to develop high-strength steel that would not interfere with machining in mass production. Therefore, in order to obtain machinability that enables stable mass production in actual production lines, there is a limit to the surface hardness of the forged product during cutting, and as a result, there is a limit to increasing the strength of the forged product. Had occurred. Specifically, it has been considered that the hardness of the first half of the Vickers hardness (approximately 1000 MPa in tensile strength) of 300 units is the limit of the hardness that can be mass-produced.
[0005]
In response to this situation, many non-heat treated steels that have been developed and used for hot forging in the past do not have sufficient high strength to meet the demands of users for weight reduction. Alternatively, even if satisfactory properties can be obtained in terms of static strength, it is necessary to add a large amount of machinability improving elements to secure the necessary machinability, which increases the inclusions in steel. And the fatigue characteristics are degraded.
[0006]
Although there are not many new proposals for solving the problem of achieving both high strength with a tensile strength exceeding 1000 MPa and machinability, it is necessary to solve difficult problems. The indicated invention has been proposed. The present invention is intended to increase the strength by increasing the amount of V and performing aging treatment, and to enable machining by performing necessary machining before increasing the strength by precipitation hardening (before aging treatment), thereby enabling high strength. It is intended to achieve compatibility between machining and ensuring machinability (see Patent Document 1).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-17374 A
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described invention has the following problems.
The present invention basically achieves high strength by performing necessary machining before aging treatment in which the effect of improving the strength by precipitation hardening of V is not sufficiently obtained, and then performing aging treatment. Features. However, the hardness before aging treatment is lower than that after aging treatment, and cutting is not always easy on a production line that performs mass production even before aging treatment. . As a result of investigations by the present inventors, there is a large correlation between the hardness before aging treatment and the hardness after aging treatment. If a high strength is to be obtained after aging treatment, the hardness is considerably high even before aging treatment. It turned out to be a high level.
[0009]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that aging treatment is performed after final machining. However, the specified aging treatment temperature is 550 to 700 ° C, which is quite close to the transformation temperature. Due to the temperature distribution during cooling after heat treatment and the effect of residual stress existing in the forged product before heat treatment, In some cases, distortion occurs after the heat treatment. Therefore, there is a need to develop steel that can be used without heat treatment after finishing by machining and finishing to the shape of the final product.
[0010]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has an object to secure high strength without heat treatment after machining to a final shape, and to greatly reduce productivity in a mass production line. It is an object of the present invention to provide an age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part excellent in machinability, capable of finishing by cutting without cutting, and a method of manufacturing the same.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the problems described above, even if the hardness is in the second half of the Hv 300 range, it is effective in improving machinability, and is equal to or higher than other non-heat treated steels having a hardness of the first half of the Hv 300 range. The measures for obtaining the machinability of the steel were examined in detail. As a result, when V is added in a larger amount than other non-heat treated steels and a large amount of V carbonitride is finely precipitated in the bainite structure by aging treatment, the finely precipitated V carbonitride becomes a tool during machining. It is effective in preventing tool wear by adhering to the surface and is effective in preventing tool wear. When this V-rich addition + aging treatment is carried out on steel with a complex addition of Ca and Mg, due to the combined effect, a high hardening of the latter half of the Hv 300 range is achieved. It has been found that even non-heat-treated steels having low V content, even with high hardness, exhibit machinability almost equal to steels in the lower half of the Hv 300 range, and have successfully solved the problem.
As a result, in the above-mentioned prior application, the final shape was machined before the aging treatment, and then the aging treatment was performed. However, in the high-strength bainite steel part of the present invention, the aging treatment was not performed. However, a great effect that machining can be performed can be obtained.
[0012]
The age-hardened bainite steel part of the present invention obtained as a result of conducting the above-described study has a weight ratio of V: 0.30 to 1.00%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0100%, Mg : A low alloy steel having a structure mainly composed of bainite containing 0.0005 to 0.0100%, comprising a structure containing 30% or less (including 0%) of ferrite pearlite or martensite in area ratio; High strength is achieved by aging treatment after hot forging.
[0013]
What should be noted in the present invention is that in conventional non-heat treated steels, V, which has been added to secure strength by precipitation strengthening and has been considered to be unrelated to machinability, is added in a larger amount than usual, and aging treatment is performed. When a large amount of fine precipitates are deposited, the precipitated carbonitrides adhere to the tool surface during machining to reduce tool wear and improve tool life. It was found that the machinability was not significantly reduced and machining was possible even when the hardness was high, and that the above effects were particularly remarkably obtained in the composite steel containing Ca, Mg and S. is there.
[0014]
The earlier application was characterized by machining before the aging treatment. However, by precipitating a large amount of V carbonitride by the aging treatment, the adhesion of the V carbonitride to the tool surface was promoted and the Ca, Mg Due to the synergistic effect on the machinability improvement by the combined addition, even if the machinability decrease caused by the increase in hardness due to precipitation hardening of V is included, the machinability does not decrease significantly, and after aging treatment. Even so, machining can be enabled.
[0015]
Next, the reasons for limiting the ranges of the respective chemical components of the age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part excellent in machinability according to
[0016]
S: 0.04 to 0.30%,
S forms sulfide inclusions such as CaS, MgS, MnS, (Ca, Mn) S, (Ca, Mg) S, (Ca, Mg, Mn) S in steel, and is effective in improving machinability Element. Therefore, it is an indispensable element for the present invention for improving machinability, and it is necessary to contain at least 0.04% or more. However, addition of a large amount of S is effective in improving machinability, but increases the amount of stretched MnS to cause anisotropy, which causes a decrease in strength characteristics in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. In addition, since the increase in inclusions may cause deterioration in fatigue characteristics, it is necessary to regulate the upper limit of the amount of addition, and the upper limit is set to 0.30%.
[0017]
V: 0.30-1.00%,
V has been used as an essential element in many hot forged non-heat treated steels to obtain the required strength without heat treatment. However, the purpose of addition was to secure the necessary strength, and was not added for the purpose of improving machinability. Also in the present invention, it is a matter of course that the V carbonitride finely and largely precipitated by the aging treatment increases the strength by precipitation hardening. However, the present invention has been completed as a result of finding an excellent effect that, in addition to the above effects, a large amount of precipitated V carbonitride adheres to the tool surface during machining to protect the tool and prevent tool wear. It is.
[0018]
In order to sufficiently obtain the effects described above, the addition of about 0.05 to 0.20%, which is the case with many non-heat-treated steels conventionally used, is not sufficient. A content of 30% or more, preferably 0.51% or more is required. However, even if it is added in an unnecessarily large amount, the effect is saturated and the cost is increased. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 1.00%.
[0019]
Ca: 0.0005-0.0100%, Mg: 0.0005-0.0100%,
Ca and Mg are elements added to improve machinability. When Ca and Mg are added together with S as described above, the machinability is not significantly deteriorated even after aging treatment, and is an indispensable element for enabling machining after aging treatment. . In order to ensure machinability that can be machined in such a high hardness region, the addition of Ca and Mg in addition to S is indispensable, and both elements must contain 0.0005% or more. . However, the addition amount has an appropriate range, and even if it is contained in a large amount, the effect is only saturated and the cost is increased. Therefore, the upper limits are each set to 0.0100%.
[0020]
Next, the reasons for limitation other than the chemical composition of the high-strength bainite steel part according to
The age hardening type high-strength bainite steel part of the present invention is characterized in that bainite is mainly used in its structure. This is because it is difficult to ensure excellent strength unless it has a bainite structure. However, considering actual production, air cooling after hot forging may make it difficult for the structure to become perfect bainite, depending on the dimensions of parts, and if the presence of other structures is not tolerated at all, manufacturing becomes difficult. Occurs. Therefore, the existence of a ferrite / pearlite or martensite structure was allowed within an area ratio of 30% or less. However, when the ferrite / pearlite structure increases, the effect of improving the strength by aging treatment cannot be sufficiently obtained, and high strength cannot be secured. When the martensite structure increases, the hardness becomes excessively high. Due to the decrease in sex, the existence of the organization was regulated within 30%.
[0021]
Next, the second aspect of the present invention will be described.
The age hardened high strength bainite steel part of the present invention preferably has a hardness after aging treatment of Hv 340 or more, as described in claim 2.
This is because by setting the hardness after the aging treatment to Hv340 or more, it is possible to obtain a large weight saving effect when the conventional steel is changed to the steel of the present invention. If the hardness is less than Hv 340, the desired strength can be secured even with conventional non-heat treated steel, and finishing by machining can be performed on a mass production line. This is because it is difficult to make full use of the effects of the above. When the present invention is used in a hardness region of Hv 340 or more, a large machinability improving effect that cannot be obtained with conventional steel can be obtained.
[0022]
In the present invention, as described above, the precipitation of a large amount of V carbonitride promotes the protection of the tool surface during machining and improves the machinability. Compared with the conventional steel, the hardness is significantly superior. Has machinability. However, it is the same as the conventional steel that the machinability tends to decrease as the hardness increases. Therefore, in consideration of actual productivity, it is preferable to use the hardness after aging treatment at Hv 400 or less. . By using Hv 400 or less, excellent machinability can be reliably ensured.
[0023]
Next, the invention of claim 3 will be described.
[0024]
C: 0.06 to 0.20%,
C is an element indispensable for securing the strength of the steel of the present invention. Further, it is an element necessary for precipitating a sufficient amount of V carbonitride, which is essential for improving the strength by aging treatment and protecting the tool surface and preventing tool wear, and is the most important element for the present invention. Element. However, if added too much, the machinability deteriorates, and it is possible to obtain machinability that can be mass-produced even in consideration of the tool surface protection of V carbonitride and the machinability improvement effect of the combined addition of Ca and Mg. Since it becomes difficult, the addition range is set to 0.06 to 0.20%.
[0025]
Si: 0.03 to 1.00%,
Si is an element required in steelmaking for deoxidation, and when its amount is reduced, steel production becomes difficult. Therefore, the lower limit of the amount of Si is set to 0.03% in order to secure a Si amount that does not cause a problem in production. Desirably, it should be 0.10% or more. However, if the amount required for deoxidation is ensured, there is no problem in the production. On the contrary, if too much is added, SiO2 which is an inclusion increases and causes the machinability to deteriorate, so the upper limit is set to 1.00%. did.
[0026]
Mn: 1.00 to 3.00%,
Mn is an indispensable element for improving hardenability and making bainite the main component of the structure after hot forging. Therefore, it is necessary to add the minimum amount necessary for that, and the lower limit was set to 1.00%. However, if added too much, the hardenability will increase too much and martensite will be formed, and if the amount of formation increases beyond the limit, the hardness will be too high and the machinability will deteriorate, so the upper limit is 3.00. %.
[0027]
P: 0.030% or less,
P is an impurity inevitably mixed in a small amount at the time of production, but if it is to be reduced as much as possible, the burden on the selection of the scrap to be used and the processing at the time of steel making increases the production cost. In the present invention, the content of P is set to a range that does not require a special reduction treatment in order to emphasize cost, but if a large amount of P is contained, it adversely affects hot workability and toughness. It is necessary to regulate at a level that does not occur, and the upper limit is set to 0.030%.
[0028]
Cr: 0.50 to 2.00%,
Cr is an element necessary for turning the structure after hot forging into bainite, similar to Mn. To make bainite the main component of the structure, it is necessary to contain at least 0.50% or more. However, when the addition amount is increased, the hardenability is excessively improved as in the case of Mn, so that martensite increases, it becomes difficult to make the structure mainly bainite, the hardness increases, and the machinability decreases. Was set to 2.00%.
[0029]
Mo: 0.05-1.00%,
Mo is an element necessary for improving the hardenability and making the structure mainly bainite, like Mn and Cr, and is an element that precipitates as a carbide during aging treatment and has an effect of improving the strength by age hardening. . Therefore, the content must be 0.05% or more. However, since Mo is an expensive element, adding a large amount leads to an increase in cost, and even if it is added more than necessary, the effect is saturated and the effect corresponding to the cost increase cannot be obtained, so the upper limit is 1.00%. did.
[0030]
Al: 0.001 to 0.060%,
Al, like Si, is a deoxidizing element and is an element necessary for steelmaking, so the lower limit was made 0.001%. However, for the present invention, it is sufficient that Al is provided in an amount necessary for the deoxidizing treatment at the time of steelmaking, and there is no particular purpose for adding Al. If contained in a large amount, alumina inclusions increase and the machinability deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 0.060%.
[0031]
N: 0.0080-0.0200%,
N is an element that combines with V after aging treatment to form carbonitride in steel, and has an effect of preventing tool wear used during machining as described above. Even if N is not added, it enters from the atmosphere and exists as an impurity, but the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently stably with the amount of N contained as an impurity. In the present invention, the object cannot be achieved unless the above-mentioned effects can be obtained reliably. Therefore, it is necessary to add more than the amount of impurities, and the lower limit is made 0.0080%. Desirably, the content is set to 0.0100% or more. However, even if it is contained in a large amount, the effect is saturated and the production becomes difficult, so the upper limit is made 0.0200%.
[0032]
Next, the invention of claim 4 will be described.
Claim 4 relates to a manufacturing method for maximizing the above-mentioned features of the present invention. In the present invention, the effect of the strength and machinability obtained by changing the amount of V carbonitride to be fine and large is changed. Claim 4 proposes an optimal manufacturing method for obtaining a large effect.
[0033]
In order to sufficiently precipitate V carbonitride by the aging treatment, it is necessary to sufficiently dissolve V in the steel by heating during hot forging. Therefore, in the present invention, the heating temperature during hot forging is set to 1150 to 1300 ° C. This temperature is not a special condition in hot forging, but if forging is carried out without recognizing the necessity of keeping the temperature within an appropriate range, the temperature naturally falls outside the above temperature range and a sufficiently high strength is obtained. May not be possible. The present inventors have clarified suitable manufacturing conditions so as not to cause such a case.
[0034]
The reason why the lower limit of the temperature is set to 1150 ° C. is that if the temperature is lower than this, V does not sufficiently form a solid solution, and the effect of improving the strength by the aging treatment may not be sufficiently obtained. In addition, the reason why the upper limit of the temperature is set to 1300 ° C. is that it is possible to sufficiently dissolve V by heating to a temperature of 1300 ° C. or less, and even if the temperature is higher than this, energy is wasted only. This is because, in addition, the crystal grains may be coarsened, which may adversely affect the obtained strength characteristics.
[0035]
Next, the aging treatment temperature is set to 550 to 700 ° C. because it is a temperature suitable for precipitating the amount of V carbonitride so that the effect of preventing wear of the tool is obtained. If V carbonitride does not precipitate, the effect of improving strength cannot be obtained due to precipitation strengthening.
[0036]
If the aging treatment temperature is lower than 550 ° C., the amount of V carbonitride deposited is small and the above-mentioned effects cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the features aimed at by the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the aging treatment temperature is higher than 700 ° C., an overaging phenomenon occurs, and the effect of improving the strength is reduced.
[0037]
When the aging temperature is changed in the range of 550 to 700 ° C, there is a slight difference depending on the chemical composition. However, in the range of approximately 550 to 600 ° C, the precipitation amount of V carbonitride increases as the temperature increases. There is a temperature at which the hardness peaks at a temperature between 600 and 650 ° C., and when the temperature is higher than that, the hardness tends to decrease. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting the aging temperature within the range of 550 to 700 ° C., it is possible to easily adjust the target hardness to Hv340 or more.
[0038]
By manufacturing the high-strength bainite steel part according to any one of
[0039]
【Example】
Next, the features of the present invention will be clarified by examples. Table 1 shows the chemical components of the test materials used in the examples.
[0040]
[Table 1]
[0041]
In Table 1, 1 to 5 steels satisfy the conditions of the composition and structure of the steel parts of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the present invention steels), and 6 to 10 steels have some conditions (components, bainite). %) Are out of the range of the present invention, 11 to 13 steels are conventional steels, 11 steels are conventional bainite type hardened steels, and 12 and 13 steels are JIS SCr440. , SCM440.
[0042]
The test material was prepared by heating a steel ingot melted in a 30 kg VIM melting furnace to 1250 ° C, forging it into a φ55 (for machinability evaluation) or φ30 (other than machinability evaluation) round bar, and once air-cooling. After heating and holding again at 1200 ° C. for 30 minutes, the mixture was naturally cooled to prepare. Reheating and holding again may cause the temperature to fluctuate during forging, so it is possible to minimize the effects of temperature variations by placing it in a furnace that can maintain the temperature accurately again and performing heat treatment. This is for accurately simulating the heating and air cooling processes during forging. However, in order to investigate the influence of the structure, the steel 10 was heated to 1200 ° C. and then gradually cooled, so that the bainite ratio was intentionally reduced. Thereafter, aging treatment is performed for each of
[0043]
In order to evaluate whether high strength and machinability can be achieved at the same time, tensile tests, Ono-type rotating bending fatigue tests, hardness and machinability evaluation tests were performed. In addition, microstructure observation was performed to investigate the relationship between microstructure, strength, and machinability. Next, a method of performing each test will be described.
[0044]
In the tensile test, a JIS No. 4 tensile test piece was prepared, and the test was performed at a tensile speed of 1 mm / min, and the 0.2% proof stress and the tensile strength were measured.
[0045]
In the Ono-type rotating bending fatigue test, a smooth test piece with a parallel portion of φ8 was prepared. 7 The fatigue strength in rotation was determined, and the durability was evaluated by calculating the ratio of this to the tensile strength.
[0046]
For the hardness, the Vickers hardness (load: 10 kgf) after aging treatment of the test material subjected to aging treatment and after quenching and tempering of conventional steels 12 and 13 were measured.
[0047]
The machinability was evaluated by preparing a test piece of φ50 and length 190 mm from a forged material of φ55, cutting the side of the test piece at a depth of cut of 2 mm, a feed rate of 0.3 mm / rev, and a circumferential cutting speed of 150 m /. A turning test was performed on a carbide-coated cutting tool coated with CVD under the conditions of 1 minute, and the cutting time until the lateral flank wear of the cutting tool became 0.15 mm was evaluated. In Table 2 below, the cutting time required to reach the life of 11 steel, which is a conventional quenching omitted steel, is set to 100, and is shown as an integer ratio.
[0048]
Microstructure observation was performed by cutting and polishing the grip portion of the tensile test specimen after the test as a sample, observing it with an optical microscope at a magnification of 400 times, and determining the ratio of bainite structure in the structure by the point counting method. It was measured.
Table 2 (the bainite ratio is shown in Table 1) shows the results of evaluation by the method described above.
[0049]
[Table 2]
[0050]
As shown in Table 2, all of the
However, as shown in Table 2, the superior machinability is equal to or more than that of 11 steel, which is a conventional bainite-type hardened steel (hardness Hv343 = equivalent to the upper limit of hardness that can be machined in conventional steel). It could be confirmed that the property was exhibited.
[0051]
On the other hand, the comparative steel 6, which has a low V content, has a small effect of improving the strength by aging and has a poor durability ratio. In addition, the precipitation amount of V carbonitride is small, so that the protection of the tool surface is not sufficient. This is sufficient and the machinability is inferior. For steels 7 and 8, the strength is equivalent to that of the steel of the present invention because either Ca or Mg added for improving machinability is small. However, the machinability is inferior, the 9 steel has low Mn and Cr contents, and the 10 steel has a low bainite ratio due to a low cooling rate, and the strength after aging treatment is inferior due to the influence. .
[0052]
Further, the conventional 11-quenched steel, which has no quenching steel, is inferior in strength for the same reason as the 6 steel and has poor machinability despite its lower hardness than the steel of the present invention. , SCM440 steels 12 and 13 have no machinability-enhancing elements at all, and therefore have poor machinability, and the strength does not reach the target value even after quenching and tempering. is there. In the case of steels 12 and 13, it is possible to further increase the strength by adjusting the tempering temperature, but in this case, the machinability is further deteriorated from the results shown in Table 2.
[0053]
As explained above, the steel of the present invention has excellent machinability, despite having high strength and high hardness, and high strength, which is conventionally difficult to mass-produce. Therefore, in order to investigate the reason, the components of the carbide tool after the machinability evaluation test was completed were analyzed with an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA) to investigate whether there was any change on the tool surface. did. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, it was possible to confirm the presence of a V-rich deposit on the tool surface of the cutting tool obtained by cutting the test material made of the steel of the present invention (the upper left part of FIG. Contact area between tool and test material during machinability evaluation test). On the other hand, in the cutting bit of the conventional non-heat treated steel containing only about 0.10% V such as 11 steel, a deposit layer was observed, but a large difference was observed in the amount. Was.
[0054]
The steel of the present invention has a structure in which a larger amount of V is added than in the conventionally used non-heat treated steel, and a larger amount of V carbonitride is precipitated by the aging treatment than before the aging treatment. Judging from this point and the results shown in FIG. 1 described above, it is presumed that a large amount of V carbonitride has an effect of protecting the tool surface during cutting, and as a result, the tool life has been improved.
[0055]
Next, another embodiment for clarifying the effect of the added amount of V will be described. For steels corresponding to one of the test materials shown in Table 1, the addition amounts of components other than V were kept constant, and steels in which the addition amount of V alone was changed were prepared, and were the same as the above-mentioned Examples except for the aging temperature. A test piece was prepared by the method and an experiment was performed. In this experiment, in order to clarify the effect on the machinability due to the difference in the amount of V added, the aging treatment temperature was changed so that the hardness after the aging treatment was adjusted to a constant value of about Hv360, and the same. We investigated how machinability changes with hardness. The method of evaluating the machinability is the same as in the above-described embodiment. Table 3 shows the results. The results are shown as an integer ratio, with the tool life when the V amount is 0.10% as 100.
[0056]
[Table 3]
[0057]
When V was as small as 0.10%, the hardness did not reach Hv360 even after the aging treatment, so that the experiment was performed with the hardness being about 20 lower in Hv. As shown in Table 3, although the hardness was adjusted to be the same, the test material with a large amount of added V exhibited superior machinability. In the case of the present embodiment, the only difference is the V addition amount, and there is no difference in the addition amount of the element conventionally known to improve machinability. Since V-containing deposits were observed on the tool surface after the machinability evaluation test, a large amount of V carbonitride precipitated in the test material played a role of protecting the tool surface and improving tool life. It is presumed to have been done.
[0058]
Next, another embodiment for grasping the optimum range of the aging treatment condition will be described.
In the above example, the aging temperature was set under one condition for each test material, and the results when heat treatment was performed on many types of test steels are shown. In order to grasp accurately, 1 steel and 3 steels were selected from the test steels shown in Table 1, and aging treatment conditions were changed for each of them, and the same evaluation as in the above-described example was performed. Table 4 shows the results.
[0059]
[Table 4]
[0060]
As is clear from Table 4, when the aging treatment is performed at a temperature lower than 550 ° C., the effect of improving the strength by the aging treatment becomes insufficient, and both the tensile strength and the durability ratio decrease. When the aging treatment is performed at 550 to 700 ° C., the strength is increased by the aging treatment, and it can be seen that the high strength can be easily achieved.
Further, since the aging treatment at a temperature higher than 700 ° C. starts to decrease in strength, it is understood that the aging treatment at a temperature of 700 ° C. or less is an appropriate condition.
[0061]
In the examples described above, the results of fixing the heating temperature after forging to 1200 ° C. are all described. However, the present inventors have conducted similar experiments by separately changing the heating temperature, and it has been confirmed that substantially the same results as described above can be obtained when the heating temperature is within the range of 1150 to 1300 ° C.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part of the present invention, which has excellent machinability, is a steel in which a large amount of V is added as compared with a normal bainite-type non-heat treated steel, and Ca and Mg are added in a complex manner. By performing aging treatment at 550 to 700 ° C., high strength can be achieved and at the same time, machinability at a level capable of mass production can be secured.
Therefore, the use of the high-strength bainite steel part according to the present invention makes it possible to design with a higher stress than in the past, significantly reducing the weight, and greatly contributing to industry.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photograph substituted for a drawing showing the V amount of a layer adhered to a tool after a machinability evaluation test of the steel of the present invention.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002332710A JP2004169055A (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part with excellent machinability and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002332710A JP2004169055A (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part with excellent machinability and method for producing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004169055A true JP2004169055A (en) | 2004-06-17 |
Family
ID=32697651
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002332710A Pending JP2004169055A (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part with excellent machinability and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2004169055A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100408813C (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2008-08-06 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | High temperature structure |
| WO2012161321A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| WO2012161322A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| WO2012161323A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| WO2015050152A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Age hardening steel |
| WO2015050151A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Age-hardening steel |
| EP3272896A4 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-10-10 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Age-hardenable steel, and method for manufacturing components using age-hardenable steel |
-
2002
- 2002-11-15 JP JP2002332710A patent/JP2004169055A/en active Pending
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100408813C (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2008-08-06 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | High temperature structure |
| US20130186528A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-07-25 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel part for machine structural use and manufacturing method thereof |
| US8916008B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2014-12-23 | Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel part for machine structural use and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2012161323A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| WO2012161321A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| JP5152440B2 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-02-27 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel parts for machine structure and manufacturing method thereof |
| US20130167986A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-07-04 | Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel part for machine structural use and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103201400A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-07-10 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| CN103210108A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-07-17 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| WO2012161322A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel component for mechanical structural use and manufacturing method for same |
| US20130186529A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-07-25 | Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel part for machine structural use and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5152441B2 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-02-27 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel parts for machine structure and manufacturing method thereof |
| US8926767B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2015-01-06 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel part for machine structural use and manufacturing method thereof |
| US9187797B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2015-11-17 | Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel part for machine structural use and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2015050151A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Age-hardening steel |
| WO2015050152A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Age hardening steel |
| JP5880795B2 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2016-03-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Age-hardening steel |
| JP5892297B2 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2016-03-23 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Age-hardening steel |
| US10066281B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2018-09-04 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Age-hardenable steel |
| EP3272896A4 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-10-10 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Age-hardenable steel, and method for manufacturing components using age-hardenable steel |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4047499B2 (en) | Carbonitriding parts with excellent pitting resistance | |
| US6383311B1 (en) | High strength drive shaft and process for producing the same | |
| JP3485805B2 (en) | Hot forged non-heat treated steel having high fatigue limit ratio and method for producing the same | |
| JP2017066460A (en) | Age-hardening steel | |
| JP4581966B2 (en) | Induction hardening steel | |
| JP3100492B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of high fatigue strength hot forgings | |
| JP4451808B2 (en) | Rolled steel bar for case hardening with excellent fatigue characteristics and grain coarsening resistance and its manufacturing method | |
| JPH11350067A (en) | Free cutting hot working steel, coarse shape material, free cutting hot working product using them and production thereof | |
| JP2000026933A (en) | Hot forging steel | |
| JP2004169055A (en) | Age-hardened high-strength bainite steel part with excellent machinability and method for producing the same | |
| JP3954437B2 (en) | Method for producing case-hardened boron steel to prevent abnormal grain growth of crystal grains | |
| JPH1180882A (en) | Carburized parts with excellent bending strength and impact properties | |
| JP3900690B2 (en) | Age-hardening high-strength bainitic steel and method for producing the same | |
| JP2009191322A (en) | Case-hardened steel with excellent coarsening resistance for carburized parts | |
| JPH11350068A (en) | Free cutting hot working steel, rough shape material, free cutting hot working product using them and production thereof | |
| JP3534146B2 (en) | Non-heat treated steel excellent in fatigue resistance and method for producing the same | |
| JPH07188895A (en) | Manufacturing method for machine structural parts | |
| JP3489376B2 (en) | High-strength, high-toughness free-cut non-heat treated steel | |
| JP3395642B2 (en) | Coarse-grained case hardened steel material, surface-hardened part excellent in strength and toughness, and method for producing the same | |
| JPH07116550B2 (en) | Low alloy high speed tool steel and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JP5050515B2 (en) | Non-tempered steel containing V for crankshaft | |
| JP2000256785A (en) | Steel with excellent machinability and its manufacturing method | |
| JPH0734189A (en) | High-strength steel bar with excellent machinability | |
| JP2000129393A (en) | Martensitic bainite type non-heat treated steel excellent in machinability and method for producing the same | |
| JP3849296B2 (en) | Method of manufacturing steel for nitrocarburizing and nitrocarburized component using the steel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Effective date: 20050518 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20060920 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20061003 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20061130 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Effective date: 20070130 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Effective date: 20070302 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 |