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JP2004162170A - Atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004162170A
JP2004162170A JP2003200595A JP2003200595A JP2004162170A JP 2004162170 A JP2004162170 A JP 2004162170A JP 2003200595 A JP2003200595 A JP 2003200595A JP 2003200595 A JP2003200595 A JP 2003200595A JP 2004162170 A JP2004162170 A JP 2004162170A
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powder
iron
mass
iron oxide
atomized
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akio Sonobe
秋夫 園部
Satoshi Uenosono
聡 上ノ薗
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy having excellent compactness and formability. <P>SOLUTION: Hematite powder and graphite powder are mixed with the raw powder for atomization, and heat treatment under a reducing atmosphere is performed. Consequently, the atomized iron powder is obtained in which the roughness on the powder surface is increased, the apparent density is made to be ≤ 2.50 Mg/m<SP>3</SP>and the compressed powder density under 490 MPa compressing force is controlled to ≥ 6.80 Mg/m<SP>3</SP>. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粉末冶金用鉄粉として好適な低見掛密度と高圧粉体密度の両者を兼ね備えるアトマイズ鉄粉およびその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、アトマイズ鉄粉は、優れた圧縮性を有している反面、成形性にやや劣るという問題があった。
一方、還元鉄粉は、成形性には優れるものの、圧縮性の面で劣るという問題があった。
【0003】
そこで、このような欠点を補完するために、アトマイズ鉄粉に還元鉄粉を混合する方法が提案されている(特許文献1参照)。
また、アトマイズ鉄粉に、80%以上が45μm 以下のミルスケール鉄粉や鉄鉱石粉のような酸化鉄粉を混合する方法も提案されている(特許文献2参照)。
【0004】
しかしながら、前者においては、仕上げ還元処理を施した還元鉄粉をアトマイズ鉄粉に混合するため、コストアップが避けられない。一方、後者においては、ミルスケール粉や鉄鉱石粉の80%以上を45μm 以下にするための粉砕処理を必要とすることから、ミルスケール粉や鉄鉱石粉では非金属酸化物や脈石成分などの不純物が混入するという問題があった。
【0005】
その他、アトマイズ生粉に仕上げ還元前の還元鉄粉を混合し、この混合鉄粉を還元性雰囲気中で熱処理する方法が提案されている(特許文献3参照)。
しかしながら、この方法では、見掛密度が2.50 Mg/m3以下の低見掛密度の鉄粉は得られない。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特公昭53−47783 号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献2】
特開平8−319505号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献3】
特公昭54−32404 号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の問題を有利に解決するもので、圧縮性および成形性に優れる、換言すると見掛密度が低く、圧粉体密度が高い粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉を、その有利な製造方法と共に提案することを目的とする。
なお、本発明でいう「見掛密度が低い」とは、見掛密度が2.50 Mg/m3以下であることを、また「圧粉体密度が高い」とは、圧縮力:490 MPa における圧粉体密度が6.80 Mg/m3以上であることをいう。また、本発明における見掛密度は、日本粉末冶金工業会規格JPMA P06−1992に準拠して測定した値とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以下、本発明の解明経緯について説明する。
見掛密度が低いアトマイズ鉄粉を製造するためには、鉄粉の表面の凹凸を増加させることが重要と考えられる。
そこで、発明者らは、鉄粉の表面に、微粉のへマタイトを還元しながら拡散接合させることによって、鉄粉の表面凹凸を増加させることを想起した。
【0009】
C:0.15mass%,Mn:0.12mass%, Si:0.01mass%, P:0.005 mass%およびO:0.6 mass%を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物の組成になる溶鋼を、水アトマイズ後、乾燥・篩い分けして得た「アトマイズ生粉」に、比表面積が4.2 m2/gのへマタイト粉末を20%混合し、水素を含む還元性雰囲気(露点:30℃)中で熱処理(温度:950 ℃)後、解砕し、90メッシュ(180 μm )で篩った粉末の見掛密度と圧縮性について調べた。
なお、圧縮性は、鉄粉に潤滑剤としてステアリン酸亜鉛粉末を1mass%添加し、490 MPa の圧力で成形した時の成形体の密度で評価した。
【0010】
その結果、へマタイト粉末を20%混合した場合には、アトマイズ生粉単独で熱処理した場合と比べて、見掛密度を2.95 Mg/m3から2.58 Mg/m3まで低下させることができたが、圧縮性(圧粉体密度)も6.86 Mg/m3から6.74 Mg/m3に低下した。
この理由は、アトマイズ生粉中だけでなく、へマタイト(Fe203)中にも酸素が含まれているため、熱処理後の粉末中の酸素量が0.25mass%という高いレベルにあったことが原因と考えられる。
【0011】
そこで、アトマイズ生粉およびヘマタイト粉末に加え、還元剤として黒鉛粉を0.2 mass%混合して、熱処理を行った。
その結果、鉄粉の酸素量は0.15mass%にまで低下し、見掛密度を2.28 Mg/m3まで低下させることができた。しかも、圧縮性については6.85 Mg/m3とその低下を防止することができた。
本発明は、上記の実験結果に基づいて開発されたものである。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明の要旨構成は次のとおりである。
1.見掛密度が2.50 Mg/m3以下で、かつ圧縮力:490 MPa における圧粉体密度が6.80 Mg/m3以上であることを特徴とする粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉。
【0013】
2.アトマイズ生粉中に酸化鉄粉および黒鉛粉を、該アトマイズ生粉と該酸化鉄粉と該黒鉛粉との合計量に対して該酸化鉄粉の割合が40mass%未満となる範囲で混合し、この混合粉末を還元性雰囲気中にて 850℃を超える温度で熱処理することを特徴とする粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉の製造方法。
【0014】
3.予め酸化鉄に由来する酸素分だけ粉体中のC濃度を高くしたアトマイズ生粉と酸化鉄粉とを混合し、この混合粉末を還元性雰囲気中で熱処理することを特徴とする粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉の製造方法。
【0015】
4.前記酸化鉄粉が、2 m2/g以上の比表面積を有するへマタイト粉末であることを特徴とする請求項2または3記載の粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉の製造方法。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
主原料であるアトマイズ生粉については、その製造方法が特に限定されることはなく、従来公知の方法で製造されたものであれば、いずれもが適合する。
例えば、水圧が 100〜200 気圧程度の水ジェットの焦点位置に、電気炉または転炉で所望の成分に調整した溶鋼流を衝突させ、溶鋼を粉化させたのち、水タンクに捕集後、濾過してケーキ状とし、ついで乾燥、解砕する等の方法により、アトマイズ生粉を製造することができる。
かかるアトマイズ生粉の代表組成としては、C≦0.3 mass%,Mn≦1mass%、S≦0.1 mass%,P≦0.01mass%およびO≦1mass%、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物が挙げられる。
また、アトマイズ生粉の粒度についても特に限定されることはないが、平均粒径で60〜90μm 程度とするのが好ましい。
【0017】
上記したアトマイズ生粉に、へマタイトに代表される酸化鉄粉と黒鉛粉とを混合したのち、還元性雰囲気中で熱処理する。この熱処理により、アトマイズ生粉の酸素除去と焼きなましを行いつつ、水蒸気による脱炭を行い、さらにへマタイトを鉄に還元しながらアトマイズ生粉および還元された鉄粉の上に拡散接合する。
【0018】
ここに、黒鉛粉は、上記の熱処理中、アトマイズ生粉の脱酸やへマタイトの還元を促進するために添加する。
黒鉛添加量は0.05mass%以上とすることが好ましい。というのは、黒鉛添加量が0.05mass%に満たないと、鉄粉中の酸素量が十分に低下せず、満足いくほど良好な圧縮性が得られないからである。なお、黒鉛量があまりに多くなると鉄粉中に過剰なCとして残留し、圧粉体密度を低下させるだけでなく、コスト高となる不利が生じるので、黒鉛量の上限は0.4 mass%程度とするのが好適である。
本発明の黒鉛粉としては、天然黒鉛粉、人造黒鉛粉およびカーボンブラック等が有利に適合する。そして、かかる黒鉛粉の平均粒径は30μm 以下とするのが好ましい。
【0019】
また、上記したように黒鉛粉を添加する代わりに、予めアトマイズ生粉中に炭素を固溶させておく、すなわち溶鋼中のCを酸化鉄の酸素分に見合うだけ高くすることによっても、黒鉛粉添加と同等の効果を得ることができる。
【0020】
へマタイトは、熱処理時に還元されて鉄となり、アトマイズ生粉および還元された鉄粉の上に拡散接合し、最終的に得られる鉄粉の凹凸を増加させ、結果として見掛密度を低下させる。
このへマタイトの比表面積は、2 m2/g以上とすることが好ましい。というのは、比表面積が 2 m2/g に満たないと、鉄粉の見掛密度を十分に低下させるのが難しいからである。
なお、かかる酸化鉄粉の添加量は、アトマイズ生粉と酸化鉄粉と黒鉛粉との合計量に対して酸化鉄粉の割合が40mass%未満となるようにする。また、10mass%以上とするのが好適である。
【0021】
さらに、上記の熱処理における雰囲気は、還元性雰囲気とする必要がある。かかる還元性雰囲気としては、特に熱処理によりアトマイズ生粉の酸素の除去と焼き鈍しおよび脱炭を進める観点から、水蒸気を含んだ水素またはアンモニア分解ガスが好適である。
また、水蒸気を含んだ水素を使用する場合には、雰囲気の露点は20℃を超えて50℃以下とする。というのは、露点が20℃以下では鉄粉中の十分な脱炭が行えず、一方50℃を超えると還元反応が進行せず酸素残存量が高くなるからである。より好ましくは20℃を超えて40℃以下の範囲である。
さらに、熱処理温度は、 850℃を超える温度とする。また、1000℃以下とするのが好ましい。というのは、850 ℃以下では圧縮性が悪く、一方1000℃を超えると通常の鉄粉を熱処理する炉を用いることが出来ないため、経済的でなくなるからである。なお、熱処理時間については特に制限はなく、30〜90分程度で十分である。
【0022】
【実施例】
アトマイズ生粉としては、C:0.15mass%,Mn:0.12mass%,Si:0.01mass%,P:0.005 mass%およびO:0.6 mass%を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物の組成になる溶鋼を、水アトマイズ後、乾燥・篩い分けしたものを用いた。
また、黒鉛粉添加でなく、アトマイズ生粉のC量を高く調整したアトマイズ生粉として、C:0.35mass%,Mn:0.12mass%,Si:0.01mass%,P:0.005 mass%およびO:0.6 mass%を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物の組成になる溶鋼を、水アトマイズ後、乾燥・篩い分けしたものを用意した。
酸化鉄のとしては、JFEスチール(株)製のKH−DSで、比表面積が2.6 m2/gのへマタイトを用いた。また、比表面積の異なるヘマタイトとして、比表面積がそれぞれ2.3 m2/gおよび0.5 m2/gのものを用意した。
黒鉛粉としては、平均粒径が5μm の日本黒鉛工業(株)製のJCPBという天然黒鉛粉、平均粒径が20μm の黒鉛粉(同CPB )および平均粒径が40μm の黒鉛粉(同ACP )を、それぞれ用いた。
熱処理は、純水素ガス雰囲気中にて、露点:5℃,20℃,30℃、昇温速度:30℃/min、保持温度:750 ℃,850 ℃,950 ℃、保持時間:60 min,降温速度:15℃/minの各条件で行った。
実験条件を表1に示す。
【0023】
上記の熱処理後、ハンマーミルで粉砕し、90メッシュ(180 μm )の金網で篩い分けた。
かくして得られた粉末の見掛密度、圧粉体密度およびラトラー値について調べた結果を、表2に示す。
なお、ラトラー値は、JPMA P11-1992 「金属圧粉体のラトラー値測定方法」に準拠して測定した値である。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 2004162170
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 2004162170
【0026】
アトマイズ生粉だけを熱処理したNo.1は、通常の粉末冶金用として市販されているJFEスチール(株)製のアトマイズ鉄粉KIP 301Aであり、見掛密度は2.95Mg/m3 である。
酸化鉄は配合するものの、黒鉛粉を配合しないNo.2, 3 はそれぞれ、見掛密度は2.65 Mg/m3、2.58 Mg/m3と小さくなっているが、まだ十分ではない。これは、酸化鉄の酸素が十分に還元されていないためであることが分かる。
酸化鉄を20mass%配合すると共に、平均粒径:5μm の黒鉛粉を0.1 mass%、0.2 mass%、0.5 mass%混合したNo.6, 9, 12 はいずれも、黒鉛粉無しの酸化鉄配合:20mass%の条件No.3と比べて、酸素量が低下し、酸化鉄の酸素分が黒鉛によって還元されており、見掛密度はそれぞれ、2.35 Mg/m3、2.28 Mg/m3および2.26 Mg/m3と低下している。しかしながら、黒鉛:0.1 mass%のNo.6や黒鉛:0.5mass%のNo.12 は、黒鉛:0.2 mass%のNo.9に比べると、圧粉密度が少し低下しており、黒鉛粉配合によるコスト増加も考慮すると黒鉛粉配合量は0.2 mass%程度が好ましいことが分かる。
酸化鉄として、粒度の粗いものを20mass%用いたNo.4, 5 とくにNo.5は、No.9の細かい酸化鉄を用いた場合と比較すると、見掛密度が大きくなっており、酸化鉄の粒度は比表面積:2 m2/g 以上とすることが好ましいことが分かる。
【0027】
酸化鉄と黒鉛粉の条件はNo.9と同じであるが、熱処理温度が 750℃、 850℃と低いNo.7, 8 では、還元反応が十分に進まず、また鉄粉の歪取り焼鈍も十分でなく、さらには鉄粉粒子同士の焼結および酸化鉄が還元されてアトマイズ生粉粒子表面に拡散付着する効果も十分でなくなる結果、見掛密度が十分には小さくならず、一方圧粉密度は小さくなり、粉末冶金用の鉄粉としては好ましくない。なお、1000℃を超える温度での焼鈍はコスト的に好ましくない。従って、焼鈍温度は800℃以上、1000℃以下程度とするのが好ましい。
【0028】
酸化鉄と黒鉛粉の混合量および熱処理温度は条件No.9と同じであるが、露点を20℃、5℃としたNo.10, 11 は、C量がそれぞれ 0.010mass%, 0.050 mass%と高くなっており、脱炭反応が十分進んでいないことが分かる。そして、C量が高いために、圧粉密度も6.77 Mg/m3,6.71 Mg/m3と低く、粉末冶金用鉄粉としては好ましくない。
一般的に露点が高くなると、脱炭反応は進み易くなるが、還元反応が進みにくくなり、露点:30℃のNo.9の酸素量:0.15mass%より酸素量は高くなる。例えば、酸素量:0.19mass%のNo.2では圧粉体密度がやや低くなっている。従って、露点が50℃を超えると酸素量が高くなりすぎ、粉末冶金用に適した鉄粉の製造は困難であることが推定できる。
【0029】
黒鉛粉の粒径を20μm 、40μm とする以外はNo.9と同じにしたNo.13, 14 では、黒鉛粒子が粗いために酸化鉄の酸素との反応に時間がかかり、C,O量ともにやや高くなり、その結果圧縮性が若干低下している。 従って、黒鉛粉としては粒径が30μm 以下のものを用いることが好ましい。
【0030】
酸化鉄を10mass%、30mass%、40mass%配合する以外はNo.9と同じにしたNo.15, 16, 17 の場合、酸化鉄:10mass%(No.15)では、見掛密度が圧縮力:490 MPa において2.45 Mg/m3であり、やや条件No.9よりは高いものの、決して粉末冶金用として好ましくないわけではない。また、酸化鉄:30mass%(No.16)、40mass%(No.17)では、酸化鉄配合が多いほど、見掛密度は低下していくが、同時に圧粉密度も低下していく。また、酸化鉄の酸素分の残留量も増加している。 特に、酸化鉄:40mass%となるNo.17 は、圧縮力:490 MPa で 6.77 Mg/m3 と圧粉体密度が低い。
従って、酸化鉄を増加した場合には、酸素分の残留を防止する必要上、黒鉛粉の配合も増加する必要があり、経済性を勘案すると酸化鉄混合量は10〜30mass%程度とするのが好ましい。
【0031】
アトマイズ生粉として、溶鋼段階で予め通常より多いC:0.35mass%含有させて製造したものを使用し、その他の条件はNo.9と同じとしたNo.18 では、No.9の場合とほぼ同等の特性が得られでいる。従って、酸化鉄を還元するための炭素源としては、黒鉛粉を混合することでも、また予めアトマイズ生粉に適正量のCを多めに含有させておく方法でも良いことが分かる。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
かくして、本発明によれば、見掛密度が2.50 Mg/m3以下で、かつ圧粉体密度が6.80 Mg/m3以上という、粉末冶金用として極めて優れたアトマイズ鉄粉を、安定して得ることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an atomized iron powder having both a low apparent density and a high-pressure powder density suitable as an iron powder for powder metallurgy, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, atomized iron powder has a problem that, although having excellent compressibility, it is slightly inferior in moldability.
On the other hand, reduced iron powder has a problem that, although excellent in moldability, it is inferior in compressibility.
[0003]
Therefore, in order to compensate for such a defect, a method of mixing reduced iron powder with atomized iron powder has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
Further, a method has been proposed in which 80% or more of iron oxide powder such as mill scale iron powder or iron ore powder is mixed with atomized iron powder in which 80% or more is 45 μm or less (see Patent Document 2).
[0004]
However, in the former, since the reduced iron powder subjected to the finish reduction treatment is mixed with the atomized iron powder, an increase in cost is inevitable. On the other hand, in the latter, milling processing is required to reduce 80% or more of the mill scale powder or iron ore powder to 45 μm or less, so that mill scale powder or iron ore powder contains impurities such as nonmetal oxides and gangue components. Was mixed in.
[0005]
In addition, a method has been proposed in which reduced iron powder before finish reduction is mixed with atomized raw powder, and the mixed iron powder is heat-treated in a reducing atmosphere (see Patent Document 3).
However, according to this method, iron powder having a low apparent density of 2.50 Mg / m 3 or less cannot be obtained.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-B-53-47783 (Claims)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-319505 (Claims)
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-32404 (Claims)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention advantageously solves the above-mentioned problems, and has excellent compressibility and moldability, in other words, an apparent density is low, and an atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy having a high green compact density has an advantageous production method. The purpose is to propose with.
In the present invention, “low apparent density” means that the apparent density is 2.50 Mg / m 3 or less, and “high green density” means that the compression force is 490 MPa. It means that the powder density is 6.80 Mg / m 3 or more. In addition, the apparent density in the present invention is a value measured according to Japan Powder Metallurgy Industry Association Standard JPMA P06-1992.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Hereinafter, the details of the invention will be described.
In order to produce atomized iron powder having a low apparent density, it is considered important to increase the unevenness of the surface of the iron powder.
Then, the inventors recalled that the surface irregularities of the iron powder were increased by diffusion bonding to the surface of the iron powder while reducing hematite as a fine powder.
[0009]
C: 0.15 mass%, Mn: 0.12 mass%, Si: 0.01 mass%, P: 0.005 mass% and O: 0.6 mass%, the balance being molten steel having a composition of Fe and unavoidable impurities after water atomization. , Dried and sieved, mixed with 20% hematite powder having a specific surface area of 4.2 m 2 / g, and heat-treated in a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen (dew point: 30 ° C). (Temperature: 950 ° C.), and then crushed and examined for apparent density and compressibility of the powder sieved with 90 mesh (180 μm).
The compressibility was evaluated based on the density of a compact obtained by adding 1 mass% of zinc stearate powder as a lubricant to iron powder and compacting at a pressure of 490 MPa.
[0010]
As a result, when the hematite powder was mixed at 20%, the apparent density was reduced from 2.95 Mg / m 3 to 2.58 Mg / m 3 as compared with the case where the heat treatment was performed using only the atomized raw powder. The compressibility (compact density) also decreased from 6.86 Mg / m 3 to 6.74 Mg / m 3 .
The reason is, because it contains oxygen even during well atomized raw flour, to hematite (Fe 2 0 3), the oxygen content in the powder after heat treatment was higher level of 0.25 mass% Is considered to be the cause.
[0011]
Therefore, a heat treatment was performed by mixing 0.2 mass% of graphite powder as a reducing agent in addition to the atomized raw powder and the hematite powder.
As a result, the oxygen content of the iron powder was reduced to 0.15 mass%, and the apparent density was reduced to 2.28 Mg / m 3 . In addition, the compressibility was 6.85 Mg / m 3 , which was able to prevent the decrease.
The present invention has been developed based on the above experimental results.
[0012]
That is, the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows.
1. Atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy, having an apparent density of 2.50 Mg / m 3 or less and a green compact density at a compression force of 490 MPa of 6.80 Mg / m 3 or more.
[0013]
2. Mixing the iron oxide powder and the graphite powder in the atomized raw powder in a range where the ratio of the iron oxide powder is less than 40 mass% with respect to the total amount of the atomized raw powder, the iron oxide powder, and the graphite powder; A method for producing atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy, comprising heat treating the mixed powder in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature exceeding 850 ° C.
[0014]
3. Atomizing for powder metallurgy, comprising mixing an atomized raw powder in which the C concentration in the powder is increased by the amount of oxygen derived from iron oxide in advance and an iron oxide powder, and subjecting the mixed powder to a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. Iron powder manufacturing method.
[0015]
4. 4. The method for producing atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy according to claim 2 , wherein the iron oxide powder is a hematite powder having a specific surface area of 2 m 2 / g or more.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically.
The method of producing the atomized raw powder, which is the main raw material, is not particularly limited, and any suitable one may be used as long as it is produced by a conventionally known method.
For example, a molten steel stream adjusted to a desired component in an electric furnace or a converter is collided with a focal point of a water jet having a water pressure of about 100 to 200 atm, and the molten steel is powdered, and then collected in a water tank. Atomized raw powder can be produced by a method such as filtration into a cake, followed by drying and crushing.
Typical compositions of such atomized raw powder include C ≦ 0.3 mass%, Mn ≦ 1 mass%, S ≦ 0.1 mass%, P ≦ 0.01 mass% and O ≦ 1 mass%, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Also, the particle size of the atomized raw powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 60 to 90 μm in average particle size.
[0017]
The above-mentioned atomized raw powder is mixed with iron oxide powder typified by hematite and graphite powder, and then heat-treated in a reducing atmosphere. By this heat treatment, decarburization with steam is performed while oxygen removal and annealing of the atomized raw powder are performed, and diffusion bonding is performed on the atomized raw powder and the reduced iron powder while reducing hematite to iron.
[0018]
Here, the graphite powder is added during the heat treatment to promote deoxidation of the atomized raw powder and reduction of hematite.
The amount of graphite added is preferably 0.05 mass% or more. This is because if the amount of graphite is less than 0.05 mass%, the amount of oxygen in the iron powder is not sufficiently reduced, and satisfactory compressibility cannot be obtained satisfactorily. If the amount of graphite is too large, it will remain as excess C in the iron powder, not only lowering the green compact density but also increasing the cost. Therefore, the upper limit of the amount of graphite is set to about 0.4 mass%. Is preferred.
As the graphite powder of the present invention, natural graphite powder, artificial graphite powder, carbon black and the like are advantageously suited. The average particle size of the graphite powder is preferably 30 μm or less.
[0019]
Alternatively, instead of adding graphite powder as described above, carbon may be previously dissolved in atomized raw powder, that is, by increasing C in molten steel to a level corresponding to the oxygen content of iron oxide, graphite powder may be used. An effect equivalent to the addition can be obtained.
[0020]
Hematite is reduced to iron during heat treatment, and is diffusion-bonded onto the atomized raw powder and the reduced iron powder, increasing the roughness of the finally obtained iron powder and consequently reducing the apparent density.
The specific surface area of the hematite is preferably 2 m 2 / g or more. If the specific surface area is less than 2 m 2 / g, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the apparent density of the iron powder.
The amount of the iron oxide powder added is such that the ratio of the iron oxide powder to the total amount of the atomized raw powder, the iron oxide powder, and the graphite powder is less than 40 mass%. Further, it is preferable that the content be 10 mass% or more.
[0021]
Further, the atmosphere in the above heat treatment needs to be a reducing atmosphere. As such a reducing atmosphere, hydrogen or ammonia-decomposed gas containing water vapor is preferable, particularly from the viewpoint of removing oxygen from the atomized raw powder, annealing and decarburizing by heat treatment.
When hydrogen containing water vapor is used, the dew point of the atmosphere should be more than 20 ° C and 50 ° C or less. This is because if the dew point is lower than 20 ° C., sufficient decarburization in the iron powder cannot be performed, while if it exceeds 50 ° C., the reduction reaction does not proceed and the residual oxygen amount increases. More preferably, it is in the range of more than 20 ° C and 40 ° C or less.
Further, the heat treatment temperature is set to a temperature exceeding 850 ° C. The temperature is preferably set to 1000 ° C. or lower. This is because if the temperature is lower than 850 ° C., the compressibility is poor, while if the temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., it is not economical because a furnace for heat treating ordinary iron powder cannot be used. The heat treatment time is not particularly limited, and about 30 to 90 minutes is sufficient.
[0022]
【Example】
The atomized raw powder contains C: 0.15% by mass, Mn: 0.12% by mass, Si: 0.01% by mass, P: 0.005% by mass and O: 0.6% by mass, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The molten steel was dried and sieved after water atomization.
Instead of graphite powder, as an atomized raw powder in which the C content of the atomized raw powder was adjusted to be high, C: 0.35 mass%, Mn: 0.12 mass%, Si: 0.01 mass%, P: 0.005 mass%, and O: 0.6 A molten steel containing mass% and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities was prepared by subjecting the steel to water atomization, followed by drying and sieving.
As the iron oxide, hematite having a specific surface area of 2.6 m 2 / g was used as KH-DS manufactured by JFE Steel Corporation. Further, hematites having different specific surface areas each having a specific surface area of 2.3 m 2 / g and 0.5 m 2 / g were prepared.
Examples of the graphite powder include natural graphite powder called JCPB manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industry Co., Ltd. having an average particle size of 5 μm, graphite powder having an average particle size of 20 μm (CPB), and graphite powder having an average particle size of 40 μm (ACP). Was used for each.
Heat treatment: pure hydrogen gas atmosphere, dew point: 5 ° C, 20 ° C, 30 ° C, heating rate: 30 ° C / min, holding temperature: 750 ° C, 850 ° C, 950 ° C, holding time: 60 min, cooling Speed: 15 ° C / min.
Table 1 shows the experimental conditions.
[0023]
After the above heat treatment, the mixture was pulverized with a hammer mill and sieved with a 90-mesh (180 μm) wire mesh.
Table 2 shows the results obtained by examining the apparent density, the green density, and the Rutler value of the powder thus obtained.
The Rattler value is a value measured according to JPMA P11-1992 "Method for measuring Rutler value of metal compact".
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004162170
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004162170
[0026]
No. 1 obtained by heat-treating only the atomized raw powder is atomized iron powder KIP 301A manufactured by JFE Steel Co., Ltd., which is commercially available for ordinary powder metallurgy, and has an apparent density of 2.95 Mg / m 3 .
Nos. 2 and 3, which contain iron oxide but do not contain graphite powder, have smaller apparent densities of 2.65 Mg / m 3 and 2.58 Mg / m 3 , respectively, but are still not sufficient. It can be seen that this is because the oxygen of the iron oxide has not been sufficiently reduced.
Nos. 6, 9, and 12 in which graphite powder having an average particle size of 5 μm was mixed with 0.1 mass%, 0.2 mass%, and 0.5 mass% together with 20 mass% of iron oxide, were all iron oxide without graphite powder: Compared with the condition No. 3 of 20 mass%, the oxygen content was reduced and the oxygen content of the iron oxide was reduced by graphite. The apparent densities were 2.35 Mg / m 3 , 2.28 Mg / m 3 and 2.26 Mg, respectively. / m 3 is decreased with. However, No.6 with 0.1 mass% of graphite and No.12 with 0.5 mass% of graphite had a slightly lower green density than No.9 with 0.2 mass% of graphite, It is understood that the amount of the graphite powder is preferably about 0.2 mass% in consideration of the cost increase.
No.4, 5 using coarse iron oxide of 20 mass% as iron oxide, especially No.5 has a higher apparent density compared to the case of using fine iron oxide of No.9. It can be seen that the particle size of is preferably not less than the specific surface area: 2 m 2 / g.
[0027]
The conditions for iron oxide and graphite powder are the same as in No. 9, but in No. 7 and 8, where the heat treatment temperature is as low as 750 ° C and 850 ° C, the reduction reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and In addition, the effect of sintering the iron powder particles and reducing the iron oxide to diffuse and adhere to the surface of the atomized raw powder particles is not sufficient. As a result, the apparent density is not sufficiently reduced. The density is low, which is not preferable as iron powder for powder metallurgy. Note that annealing at a temperature exceeding 1000 ° C. is not preferable in terms of cost. Therefore, it is preferable that the annealing temperature is about 800 ° C. or more and about 1000 ° C. or less.
[0028]
The mixing amount of iron oxide and graphite powder and the heat treatment temperature were the same as those in condition No. 9, but in Nos. 10 and 11 where the dew point was 20 ° C and 5 ° C, the C content was 0.010 mass% and 0.050 mass%, respectively. This indicates that the decarburization reaction has not progressed sufficiently. Since the C content is high, the green density is as low as 6.77 Mg / m 3 and 6.71 Mg / m 3, which is not preferable as iron powder for powder metallurgy.
In general, when the dew point increases, the decarburization reaction proceeds easily, but the reduction reaction does not easily proceed, and the oxygen amount becomes higher than the dew point: the oxygen amount of No. 9 at 30 ° C: 0.15 mass%. For example, in No. 2 having an oxygen content of 0.19 mass%, the green compact density is slightly lower. Therefore, when the dew point exceeds 50 ° C., the oxygen content becomes too high, and it can be estimated that it is difficult to produce iron powder suitable for powder metallurgy.
[0029]
In Nos. 13 and 14, which were the same as No. 9 except that the particle size of the graphite powder was changed to 20 μm and 40 μm, it took a long time for the iron oxide to react with oxygen due to the coarse graphite particles. Slightly higher, resulting in slightly reduced compressibility. Therefore, it is preferable to use graphite powder having a particle size of 30 μm or less.
[0030]
In the case of Nos. 15, 16, and 17 which were the same as No. 9 except that iron oxide was mixed at 10 mass%, 30 mass%, and 40 mass%, the apparent density of iron oxide: 10 mass% (No. 15) showed a compressive force : 2.45 Mg / m 3 at 490 MPa, slightly higher than condition No. 9, but not necessarily unfavorable for powder metallurgy. In addition, in the case of iron oxide: 30 mass% (No. 16) and 40 mass% (No. 17), as the iron oxide content increases, the apparent density decreases, but at the same time, the green density also decreases. In addition, the residual oxygen content of iron oxide has also increased. In particular, No. 17 in which iron oxide is 40 mass% has a compact density of 6.77 Mg / m 3 at a compressive force of 490 MPa, which is low.
Therefore, when the amount of iron oxide is increased, it is necessary to prevent the residual oxygen content, and it is necessary to increase the compounding of the graphite powder. In consideration of economy, the mixed amount of the iron oxide is set to about 10 to 30 mass%. Is preferred.
[0031]
As the atomized raw powder, a raw material containing C: 0.35 mass% higher than usual in the molten steel stage was used, and the other conditions were the same as in No. 9. In No. 18, almost the same as in No. 9 Equivalent characteristics are obtained. Therefore, it can be understood that the carbon source for reducing the iron oxide may be a method in which graphite powder is mixed or a method in which an appropriate amount of C is preliminarily contained in the atomized raw powder in advance.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
Thus, according to the present invention, the apparent density is 2.50 Mg / m 3 or less, and the green compact density is 6.80 Mg / m 3 or more, and extremely excellent atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy can be stably obtained. be able to.

Claims (4)

見掛密度が2.50 Mg/m3以下で、かつ圧縮力:490 MPa における圧粉体密度が6.80 Mg/m3以上であることを特徴とする粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉。Atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy, having an apparent density of 2.50 Mg / m 3 or less and a green compact density at a compression force of 490 MPa of 6.80 Mg / m 3 or more. アトマイズ生粉中に酸化鉄粉および黒鉛粉を、該アトマイズ生粉と該酸化鉄粉と該黒鉛粉との合計量に対して該酸化鉄粉の割合が40mass%未満となる範囲で混合し、この混合粉末を還元性雰囲気中にて 850℃を超える温度で熱処理することを特徴とする粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉の製造方法。Mixing the iron oxide powder and the graphite powder in the atomized raw powder in a range where the ratio of the iron oxide powder is less than 40 mass% with respect to the total amount of the atomized raw powder, the iron oxide powder, and the graphite powder; A method for producing atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy, comprising heat-treating the mixed powder in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature exceeding 850 ° C. 予め酸化鉄に由来する酸素分だけ粉体中のC濃度を高くしたアトマイズ生粉と酸化鉄粉とを混合し、この混合粉末を還元性雰囲気中で熱処理することを特徴とする粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉の製造方法。Atomizing for powder metallurgy, comprising mixing an atomized raw powder in which the C concentration in the powder is increased by the amount of oxygen derived from iron oxide in advance and iron oxide powder, and subjecting the mixed powder to a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. Iron powder manufacturing method. 前記酸化鉄粉が、2 m2/g以上の比表面積を有するへマタイト粉末であることを特徴とする請求項2または3記載の粉末冶金用アトマイズ鉄粉の製造方法。4. The method for producing atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy according to claim 2 , wherein the iron oxide powder is a hematite powder having a specific surface area of 2 m 2 / g or more.
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WO2007119346A1 (en) 2006-03-14 2007-10-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Mixed powder for powder metallurgy, green compact thereof and sintered compact
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