JP2004160361A - Filter material for air filter and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Filter material for air filter and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】撥水性および強度物性を維持したまま、低圧力損失化・高捕集効率化を達成し、更に、濾材から発生する低分子有機物アウトガス量を極力少なく抑えた、エアフィルタ用濾材の提供。
【解決手段】この課題は、濾材中にポリマーディスパージョンからなるバインダーと対濾材当たり0.3重量%以下のフッ素系界面活性剤を含有し、濾過性能の指標であり下記数式1によって示されるPF値が14.5以上であり、濾材のMIL−STD−282に測定方法が規定される撥水性が300mm(水柱高)以上であるエアフィルタ用濾材;
【外1】
または、濾材を構成するガラス繊維に、バインダーとして平均粒子径が100nm以下であるポリマーディスパージョンと、25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20mN/m以下であるフッ素系界面活性剤を対濾材あたり0.3重量%以下付着させたエアフィルタ用濾材によって解決される。
【選択図】 図1An object of the present invention is to provide a filter medium for an air filter which achieves low pressure loss and high collection efficiency while maintaining water repellency and strength physical properties, and further minimizes the amount of low molecular organic matter outgas generated from the filter medium. .
The object of the present invention is to provide a filter medium containing a binder composed of a polymer dispersion and 0.3% by weight or less of a fluorinated surfactant per filter medium. A filter medium for an air filter having a value of 14.5 or more and having a water repellency of 300 mm (water column height) or more as defined in MIL-STD-282 of the filter medium;
[Outside 1]
Alternatively, a polymer dispersion having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less as a binder and a fluorine-based surfactant having a minimum surface tension of 20 mN / m or less when added to pure water at 25 ° C. Is solved by a filter medium for an air filter having 0.3% by weight or less adhered to the filter medium.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、エアフィルタ用濾材、特に半導体、液晶、バイオ・食品工業関係のクリーンルーム、クリーンベンチ等あるいはビル空調用エアフィルタ、空気清浄機の用途などに使用されるエアフィルタ用濾材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、空気中のサブミクロン、あるいはミクロン単位の粒子を効率的に捕集するために、エアフィルタ用濾材が用いられている。濾材はその捕集性能により、中性能フィルタ用、HEPAフィルタ用、ULPAフィルタ用に大別される。このうちHEPAフィルタ用については、米軍規格MIL−STDにおいて、有効面積100cm2の濾材に面風速5.3cm/秒で通風した時の0.3μm DOP捕集効率が99.97%以上と規定されている。ULPAフィルタ用については、明確な規定は無いが、IESのRP−21において、面風速2.5cm/秒で通風した時の0.1〜0.2μmの捕集効率が99.999%以上と定義づけされている。
【0003】
エアフィルタ用濾材においては、通常、主要構成物として、平均繊維径がコンマ数μm〜数十μmオーダーのガラス繊維が用いられている。
【0004】
しかし、ガラス繊維にはそれ自体、一般紙に用いられるパルプ繊維のような自己接着力が無く、このままでは後加工や実使用の際の実用強度が無い、あるいは、通風時にガラス繊維が飛散してしまうなどの問題が生じてしまう。従来、この問題を解決するためにガラス繊維基材に有機系のバインダーを付与する方法が用いられている。ここで使用されるバインダーとしては、アクリル系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール、ウレタン樹脂などがある。
【0005】
しかし、この方法で濾材強度を上げようとすると、バインダー付着量を増やす必要があるが、付着量を増やすと、ガラス繊維間にバインダーの水掻き状膜が増えるため、濾材の圧力損失が高くなり、しかも粒子捕集効率が低下するという問題が生じる。
【0006】
これを解決する手段として、シリコン樹脂を含有することでバインダーの表面張力を低下させ、バインダーの水掻き状膜を解消または減少させる方法が提案されている(特許文献1および2参照)。しかし近年、特に半導体分野においてシリコン樹脂に含有される微量の低分子シロキサンのクリーンルーム内への放散がLSIの生産歩留に影響を与えることが分かり、シリコン樹脂の使用自体が難しくなっている。
【0007】
本発明者らは、以前、濾材を構成するガラス繊維にバインダーと25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20dyne/cm(=20mN/m)以下であるフッ素系界面活性剤を付着させたエアフィルタ用濾材を提案した(特許文献3参照)。この発明は、前記問題点を解決するものとして効果を上げた。しかし、フッ素系界面活性剤の付着にともない、バインダー樹脂表面の濡れ性をより高めてしまい、濾材の撥水性の低下を起こす問題があった。そこで本発明者らは撥水剤を併用することでこれを解決しようとした(特許文献3、特に実施例)。
【0008】
エアフィルタ用濾材の撥水性については、フィルタユニット加工時に使用されるシール剤やホットメルト等のしみ込みを防ぐことや、濾材面に水がかかったり、温度変化により水分が結露した場合でも、そのまま濾材を使用できるようにするために、通常、撥水性を付与させる必要がある。また、海塩粒子が多く存在するような環境下においては、捕集された塩分の潮解を防ぐために高撥水性を有する濾材が必要とされている。MIL規格においては、HEPA濾材の撥水性は、508mm(水柱高)以上と規定されている。実際は撥水性150mm(水柱高)以上あれば濾材の後加工では問題無いが、実使用時には前述の理由で撥水性は少なくとも300mm(水柱高)以上、できれば508mm(水柱高)以上が望ましい。
【0009】
従来のバインダー(アクリル系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール、ウレタン系樹脂等)とフッ素系界面活性剤を付着させることにより低圧力損失化・高捕集効率化させた前記発明記載のエアフィルタ用濾材において、濾材に高い撥水性を付与させるためには、バインダーとは別にフッ素系、シリコン系、ワックス系等の撥水剤の添加が必要不可欠であり、その添加量も前記の理由で通常使用しているよりもさらに増量する必要がある。撥水剤の添加量を増量することは、製造コストの増大だけでなく、ほとんどの撥水剤がバインダー機能を有していないために、濾材の強度低下を引き起こす。さらには、撥水剤添加量を増量すると、撥水剤に由来する低分子有機物アウトガスも増加し、これがクリーンルーム内に放散された場合、シリコン樹脂の場合と同様に、LSIの生産歩留に影響を与える等の問題が生じる原因となってしまう。そのため、半導体製造工程で使用される濾材においては、撥水剤は使用しないか、もしくは、必要最小限の使用にとどめることが望まれている。
【0010】
濾材からの低分子有機物アウトガスを低減させ、かつ撥水性を有させる従来技術として、バインダーにソープフリーエマルジョンを使用する方法(特許文献4参照)、撥水剤に炭素数20以上のマイクロクリスタリンワックス、炭素数20以上のポリオレフィンワックス、炭素数18以上の高級アルコールを使う方法(特許文献5参照)、バーサティック酸ビニル重合物樹脂などをバインダーに用いる本発明者らが先願した方法(特許文献6参照)、乳化剤等の添加剤をほとんど含まない疎水性モノマーと親水性モノマーの共重合体からなるポリマーディスパージョンをバインダーとして用いる方法(特許文献7参照)が提案されていた。しかし、これらはいずれも濾材の低圧力損失・高捕集効率化を目指したものではなかった。
【0011】
以上のように、エアフィルタ用濾材の低圧力損失化・高捕集効率化を達成すると同時に、十分な撥水性と強度を付与し、さらには、低分子有機物アウトガスの発生量も少なく抑えることは非常に困難である。しかし、このような特性を全て満たす濾材への要求は非常に強く、それらを達成するための改良手段が必要となっていた。
【0012】
【特許文献1】特開平2−41499号公報、第3頁
【0013】
【特許文献2】特開平2−175997号公報、第3頁
【0014】
【特許文献3】特開平10−156116号公報、第2頁および各実施例
【0015】
【特許文献4】特開平10−244112号公報、第2〜3頁
【0016】
【特許文献5】特許第3282113号公報、第4〜5頁
【0017】
【特許文献6】特開2002−136815号公報、第2〜3頁
【0018】
【特許文献7】WO00/37160、第6頁
【0019】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって本発明の課題は、第一に、撥水性および強度物性を維持したまま、低圧力損失化・高捕集効率化を達成し、第二に、第一の課題に加え、濾材から発生する低分子有機物アウトガス量を極力少なく抑えた、エアフィルタ用濾材とその製造方法を提供することである。
【0020】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、撥水性および強度物性を維持したまま、低圧力損失化・高捕集効率化を達成し、さらには、濾材から放散される低分子有機物アウトガス量を極力少なく抑えた高性能エアフィルタ用濾材を提供するため鋭意研究を行った結果、濾材を構成するガラス繊維に、平均粒子径が100nm以下であるポリマーディスパージョンと、25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20mN/m以下であるフッ素系界面活性剤を付着させることにより、従来品と比較して極めて特徴的なエアフィルタ用濾材が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0021】
従って本発明の対象は、濾材中にポリマーディスパージョンからなるバインダーと対濾材当たり0.3重量%以下のフッ素系界面活性剤を含有し、濾過性能の指標であり下記数式1によって示されるPF値が14.5以上であり、濾材のMIL−STD−282に測定方法が規定される撥水性が300mm(水柱高)以上であることを特徴とする、エアフィルタ用濾材に関する:
【外2】
※1 数式1中の圧力損失は、濾材に対し5.3cm/sの面風速で空気を通過させた際のもの(単位:Pa)。
【0022】
※2 数式1中の0.3μm換算捕集効率は、5.3cm/sの面風速で粒子径0.2〜0.3μm、および0.3〜0.4μmのDOP(ジオクチルフタレート)粒子を用いて各透過率を測定し、その相乗平均の透過率から求めたもの。(ここで、捕集効率(%)=100−透過率(%))
更に本発明は、濾材を構成するガラス繊維に、バインダーとして平均粒子径が100nm以下であるポリマーディスパージョンと、25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20mN/m以下であるフッ素系界面活性剤を対濾材当たり0.3重量%以下付着させたことを特徴とするエアフィルタ濾材にも関する。
【0023】
本発明の有利な一つの実施態様は、濾材を80℃で加熱した際のアウトガス発生ガス速度が、1000ng/g・hr以下である場合である。
【0024】
また、ポリマーディスパージョンが、疎水性部と親水性部を有したポリマー構造からなる場合も本発明の実施態様の一つである。
【0025】
他の有利な実施態様の一つは、ポリマーディスパージョンが親水性部でアルカリ金属イオンあるいはアルカリ土類金属イオンあるいはアンモニウム化合物イオンで中和した塩の構造を取ったアイオノマーである場合である。ここでアンモニウム化合物にはアンモニア、アミンも含まれる。
【0026】
本発明の別の有利な一つの実施態様においては、濾材のMIL−STD−282に測定方法が規定される撥水性が508mm(水柱高)以上である。
【0027】
本発明のエアフィルタ用濾材は、濾材を構成するガラス繊維を分散させたスラリーを湿式抄紙することにより得られた湿紙に、平均粒子径が100nm以下であるポリマーディスパージョンに対して、バインダー液固形分濃度2%とした際の25℃での水溶液表面張力が45mN/m以下となるように、25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20mN/m以下であるフッ素系界面活性剤を添加して得られた混合液を付着させることによって製造される。
【0028】
本発明のエアフィルタ用濾材で用いるバインダーは、ポリマーディスパージョンと呼ばれるものであり、ポリマー鎖に適当な量の親水性部を有することにより、乳化剤を使用しなくとも水に安定的に分散された状態となっている。一方、先願発明(特許文献3)に使用されるポリマーは、界面活性剤等乳化剤で水溶媒中に分散安定化させたポリマーエマルジョンであり、ポリマーディスパージョンとポリマーエマルジョンとは分散機構が明らかに異なるものである。ポリマー内の親水性部は通常、主鎖の一部に結合、あるいは側鎖の末端に結合した親水性基の形をとっており、親水性基としてはカルボキシル基、水酸基、スルホン酸基などが挙げられる。
【0029】
また、濾材に撥水性を付与するためには、ポリマーディスパージョンがある程度の疎水性部を有していることが必要である。例えば、でんぷんやポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミドなどは乾燥皮膜を形成させても皮膜の親水性が強すぎるため、十分に高い撥水性を付与させることができない。疎水性部としてはポリマー主鎖や側鎖に疎水性の強いポリオレフィン構造や芳香環が導入されていることが好ましい。
【0030】
本発明で使用されるポリマーディスパージョンとしては、ポリマー組成的に限定されるものではないが、例えばスチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、主構造に親水性基を結合させ変性したポリエステル樹脂、あるいはポリウレタン樹脂などが挙げられる。ポリマーディスパージョンは構造内の親水性部で水溶媒との親和性を保持しているが、さらに分散安定性を増すために、少量の界面活性剤や溶剤が添加されている場合がある。
【0031】
ポリマーディスパージョンとして本発明で使用されるアイオノマーとは、ポリマーの親水性基がNa、K、Mg、Caなどアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、あるいはアンモニア、アミンを含めたアンモニウム化合物のカウンターイオンと中和して塩の構造を取ったものであり、分散安定性が非常に良好で、前述の添加剤を含まないので、アイオノマーのポリマーディスパージョンを使用することはより好ましいことである。
【0032】
また、本発明の撥水性300mm(水柱高)以上を達成するには、前記ポリマーディスパージョン単独で濾材に付与させた場合の撥水性が200mm(水柱高)以上のものを使用することが好ましい。
【0033】
本発明において用いられるポリマーディスパージョンは、その平均粒子径が100nm以下のものである。このように小粒子径のポリマーを用いた場合、ガラス繊維の表面をこれまでより均一でムラなく被覆することができる。親水性のガラス繊維表面に、より均一でムラのないポリマー皮膜を形成させることは、濾材に撥水性を付与するために非常に重要である。
【0034】
ただし、ポリマーディスパージョン単独をバインダーに使用しても、濾材に撥水性は付与できるものの、同時にバインダーの水掻き状膜も形成されてしまい、濾過性能は従来バインダーに比べ高圧力損失・低捕集効率へと低いものとなってしまう。
【0035】
本発明者らは、このような粒子径の小さいポリマーディスパージョンと少量のフッ素系界面活性剤を付与すると、エアフィルタ用濾材を低圧力損失・高捕集効率化すると同時に、撥水性を低下させずにむしろ撥水剤を併用せずとも撥水性を向上させることができることを見出した。また、低圧力損失・高捕集効率化の効果もよりいっそう高くなることを見出した。
【0036】
低圧力損失化・高捕集効率化の機構については、先願発明(特許文献3)に記載した通り、バインダー液の表面張力低下により濾材構成繊維への濡れ性が改善し、繊維1本1本の表面あるいは交絡部分にバインダー液が浸透して、ガラス繊維間の水掻き状バインダー膜が減少したためであると考えられる。元来、ポリマーディスパージョンは乳化剤をほとんど含有しないためバインダー液の表面張力が高く、これが単独使用時の濾過性能悪化の要因と予想されるが、フッ素系界面活性剤の付加による表面張力低下効果が大きいこと、ポリマーディスパージョンの粒径が非常に小さいため繊維への浸透効果がさらに良くなったことが原因と推測される。この結果、エアフィルタ用濾材の濾過性能は、前記数式1に示されるPF値が14.5以上と向上した。
【0037】
一方、撥水性の向上効果については驚くべき結果であり、従来のバインダーには全く見られなかった現象である。この機構は定かではないが、フッ素系界面活性剤の添加がポリマーディスパージョンのガラス表面に対する濡れ性を向上させ、ガラス繊維表面におけるポリマー被膜の均一性がいっそう増し、この結果濾材の撥水性が向上したものと推測される。
【0038】
ただし、ここでフッ素系界面活性剤を添加しすぎると、逆に撥水性の低下を引き起こす。これは、フッ素系界面活性剤の濡れ剤としての効果がポリマー皮膜の撥水機能を阻害した可能性がある。
【0039】
フッ素系界面活性剤の濾 材含有量と撥水性の関係について実験結果の一例を図1に示した。従来処方は先願発明(特許文献3)によるもので、アクリル樹脂エマルジョンバインダーおよびフッ素系界面活性剤の他に、撥水性を高めるためにバインダー液の重量を基準として0.15重量%のフッ素系撥水剤(商品名:ライトガード FRG−1,製造元:共栄社化学(株))を併用したものであるが、フッ素系界面活性剤の濾材含有量が増えるにしたがって、撥水剤に起因する高い撥水性が急激に低下してしまう。一方、本発明に従ってポリマーディスパージョンを用いた場合には、前述の如く、撥水剤を併用せずともフッ素系界面活性剤の最適濾材含有量で特異的に高撥水性が得られることが分かる。
【0040】
また、図2は同じ実験でフッ素系界面活性剤の濾材含有量とPF値の関係の結果である。上記従来処方、本発明処方ともにフッ素系界面活性剤の濾材含有量が増えるとPF値は上昇するが、本発明処方の方でその効果が顕著であることが分かる。
【0041】
濾材に対するフッ素系界面活性剤付着量は撥水性の点から重要であり、濾材中に含有されるフッ素系界面活性剤量として対濾材当たり0.3重量%以下にとどめることが望ましい。この範囲内であれば、撥水性の低下と強度物性の低下がほとんど無く、濾過特性の低圧力損失・高捕集効率化が実現でき、なおかつ低分子有機アウトガスを低レベルに抑えることができる。(ここで、低分子有機アウトガス目標レベルは、濾材80℃加熱時でアウトガス発生速度1000ng/g・hr以下とした。)この理由は、フッ素系界面活性剤が他の界面活性剤に比べ少量で効果を発揮でき、また発生する低分子有機物アウトガス量も少ないことによるものと考えられる。しかし、含有量が対濾材当たり0.3重量%より多いと、低圧力損失・高捕集効率化の濾材が得られたとしても、フッ素系界面活性剤の影響による撥水性、強度物性の低下が顕著になり、さらには低分子有機アウトガスが目標レベルを超えてしまうので、好ましくない。
【0042】
なお、濾材中のフッ素系界面活性剤含有量については、濾材中のバインダー量、バインダー液中のフッ素系界面活性剤量から推定可能である。また、例えば濾材をアルカリ融解法などの前処理をしてからランタン−アリザリンコンプレキソン吸光光度法でフッ素量を定量するなどの分析からフッ素系界面活性剤中のフッ素含有量が分かれば、濾材中のフッ素系界面活性剤含有量を求めることができる。ちなみに、フッ素系界面活性剤中のフッ素含有率はおおよそ40〜80重量%と見られる。
【0043】
フッ素系界面活性剤付与による撥水性の向上は、粒子径100nm以下のポリマーディスパージョンにおいてのみ見られる現象であり、粒子径が100nmを超える粒子径の大きいポリマーディスパージョンにおいては撥水性の向上は見られない。これは、ポリマーの粒子径が大きいため、もともとガラス表面を均一に被覆することが難しく、ここにフッ素系界面活性剤を付与しても不均一な状態は改善されないため、撥水性の向上が見られないものと推測される。
【0044】
なお、先述の先行技術のうち、特許文献4、5および6に記載の方法では、従来のバインダーと同様フッ素系界面活性剤の付与により撥水性と強度物性が大きく低下してしまう。また、特許文献7に使用されている乳化剤等の添加剤をほとんど含まない疎水性モノマーと親水性モノマーの共重合体からなるポリマーディスパージョンのバインダーは、疎水性部と親水性部を有したポリマー構造からなる、本発明で使用されるポリマーディスパージョンの範疇に含まれるものと推測される。しかし、先述の如く、このバインダーを単独使用してもバインダーの水掻き状膜が形成されて濾過性能が低下する問題点がある。さらに、この発明は有機物アウトガスの発生を抑制するため乳化剤(界面活性剤)やその他の添加物を極力バインダーに含有させない技術である一方、本発明はバインダーにあえてフッ素系の界面活性剤を対濾材当たり0.3重量%以下添加して目的を達成させている点で、全く異なった技術思想のものである。
【0045】
本発明のエアフィルタ用濾材で用いられるフッ素系界面活性剤はフッ素系撥水剤とは相違するものであり、好ましくは分子中にフルオロアルキル基(CF3−CF2−CF2−・・・)の疎水性基と親水性基を含有するものである。例として、パーフルオロアルキルカルボン酸塩、パーフルオロアルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、パーフルオロアルキルベタイン、パーフルオロアルキルアミンオキサイド、パーフルオロエチレンオキシド付加物、パーフルオロアルキルアミノスルホン酸などが挙げられるが、25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20mN/m以下であるもので本発明の目的を達成できるものであるならば、使用についてその種類を限定するものではない。ただし、撥水・撥油用途で使われるフッ素系樹脂は、ほとんどの場合分子中に親水性基が含有されていないので、ほぼ該当しない。
【0046】
バインダー液表面張力の低下方法については、分子中にフルオロアルキル基の疎水性基と親水性基を含有するフッ素系界面活性剤を液に添加することで効果が得られ、また十分に効果を得るためには、同フッ素系界面活性剤の中でも、25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20mN/m以下でなければならない。これ以上では水掻き状膜の減少が少なく、圧力損失の低減と捕集効率の向上が期待し得ず、バインダー液への添加効果がほとんど無くなってしまう。
【0047】
フッ素系界面活性剤添加後のバインダー液の表面張力については、バインダーの組成・粘度・濃度などの条件で変わるため、絶対値として規定することは難しいが、バインダー液固形分濃度2%とした際の25℃の水溶液表面張力が45mN/m以下となるようにするのが目安となる。
【0048】
また、補助的に撥水性を付与する目的で、かつアウトガス発生速度が前述目標値以下ならば、先述のフッ素系、シリコン系、ワックス系等の撥水剤の併用は可能である。ただし、低アウトガスの目的からしてその使用は最小限にとどめるべきである。
【0049】
本発明で主体繊維として使用するガラス繊維は、必要とされる濾過性能やその他物性に応じて、種々の繊維径や繊維長を有する極細ガラス繊維やチョップドガラス繊維の中から自由に選ぶことが出来る。特に、極細ガラス繊維は火焔延伸法やロータリー法で製造されるウール状のガラス繊維であり、濾材の圧力損失を所定の値に保ち、適正な捕集効率とするための必須成分である。繊維径が細くなるほど捕集効率は高くなるため、高性能の濾材を得るためには平均繊維径の細かい極細ガラス繊維を配合する必要がある。ただし、繊維径が細くなると圧力損失が上昇しすぎる場合があるので、この範囲内で適正な繊維径のものを選択すべきである。なお、数種の繊維径のものをブレンドして配合しても構わない。また、半導体工程の汚染を防止する目的で、ローボロンガラス繊維やシリカガラス繊維を使用することも出来る。更に副資材として、天然繊維や有機合成繊維などをガラス繊維中に配合しても差し支えない。
【0050】
基材に対するバインダーの付与率は、1〜10重量%が望ましく、1重量%未満の添加では濾材加工、実使用に耐える濾材強度が出ず、10重量%以上ではバインダーが濾材の目詰まりを起すため、圧力損失の上昇が起こり濾過性能が低下してしまう。また、可燃物であるバインダー量が多いと濾材の難燃性を悪化させてしまう。
【0051】
本発明のエアフィルタ用濾材は以下の製造方法で得ることができる。すなわち、濾材を構成するガラス繊維をパルパーなどを用いて水中に分散させ、このスラリーを抄紙機で湿式抄紙して湿紙を得る。次にこの湿紙に前述のフッ素系界面活性剤とポリマーディスパージョンを添加したバインダー液を付着させ、その後乾燥させる方法である。また、湿紙を乾燥した後にバインダー液を付与してもその効果は変わらない。
【0052】
原料繊維の分散工程では分散性を良くするために、硫酸酸性でpH2〜4の範囲で調整する方法を取るが、pH中性で分散剤などの界面活性剤を使用しても良い。ポリマーディスパージョンとフッ素系界面活性剤は、それぞれ単独で付着させても効果は無く、これらを混合したバインダー液を付着させなければならない。また、撥水性や難燃性を付与するため、本発明の目的の範囲内でバインダー液に撥水剤や難燃剤を添加することも可能である。
【0053】
バインダー液の付与方法としては特に限定されるものではないが、湿紙又は乾紙を付着液に浸漬する方法、湿紙又は乾紙にスプレーで吹き付ける方法、ロールに付着液を付着させ湿紙又は乾紙に転写する方法が挙げられる。乾燥方法としては、熱風乾燥機、ロールドライヤーなどを利用し、110〜160℃で乾燥することが望ましい。
【0054】
【実施例】
次に、実施例および比較例により本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれにより何ら限定されるものではない。
【0055】
[実施例1]
平均繊維径0.65μmの極細ガラス繊維60重量%、平均繊維径2.70μmの極細ガラス繊維35重量%、平均繊維径6μmのチョップドガラス繊維5重量%を、離解濃度0.5%、硫酸酸性pH2.5の水でミキサーを用い離解した。次いで手抄装置を用いて抄紙して湿紙を得た。この湿紙に、バインダー液を基準として1.90重量%のアイオノマーポリマーディスパージョン(商品名:ザイクセンA、製造元:住友精化(株))、0.04重量%のフッ素系界面活性剤(商品名:メガファックF120、製造元:大日本インキ化学工業(株))を含有するバインダー液を湿紙に付与し、その後130℃の熱風ドライヤーで乾燥し、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0056】
[実施例2]
実施例1においてバインダー液組成のうち、フッ素系界面活性剤量を0.09重量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0057】
[実施例3]
実施例1においてバインダー液組成のうち、スチレン−アクリル酸系ポリマーディスパージョン1.85重量%(商品名:SS316、製造元:日本PMC(株))、フッ素系界面活性剤量0.04重量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0058】
[実施例4]
実施例1においてバインダー液組成のうち、変性ポリエステルポリマーディスパージョン2.00重量%(商品名:バイロナールMD−1245、製造元:東洋紡績(株))、フッ素系界面活性剤量0.04重量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0059】
実施例1〜4について、下記で詳述する試験の結果を含めて表1に総括掲載する。
【0060】
【表1】
[比較例1]
実施例1においてバインダー液組成を、アクリル酸エステル系ポリマーエマルジョン1.70重量%(商品名:ボンコートAN−258、製造元:大日本インキ化学工業(株))、フッ素系撥水剤 (商品名:ライトガード FRG−1,製造元:共栄社化学(株))0.15重量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0061】
[比較例2]
比較例1においてバインダー液組成に対し、さらにフッ素系界面活性剤量0.04重量%を加えた以外は比較例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0062】
[比較例3]
比較例2においてバインダー液組成のうち、フッ素系撥水剤量を0.35重量%とした以外は比較例2と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0063】
[比較例4]
実施例1においてバインダー液組成を、ソープフリー系アクリル酸エステル系ポリマーエマルジョン2.00重量%(商品名:ヨドゾールAD−57、製造元:日本エヌエスシー(株))、フッ素系界面活性剤量0.05重量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0064】
[比較例5]
実施例1においてバインダー液組成を、アイオノマーポリマーディスパージョン1.90重量%のみとした以外は実施例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0065】
[比較例6]
実施例1においてバインダー液組成のうち、フッ素系界面活性剤量を0.13重量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、目付重量70g/m2、バインダー付着量5.5重量%の濾材を得た。
【0066】
比較例1〜6について、下記で詳述する試験の結果を含めて表2に総括掲載する:
【0067】
【表2】
実施例及び比較例の分析は下記の方法で行った。
(1)圧力損失
自製の装置を用いて、有効面積100cm2の濾紙に面風速5.3cm/secで通風した時の圧力損失を微差圧計で測定した。
(2)DOP捕集効率
ラスキンノズルで発生させた多分散DOP粒子を含む空気を、有効面積100cm2の濾紙に面風速5.3cm/secで通風した時のDOPの捕集効率をリオン(株)社製レーザーパーティクルカウンターを使用し測定した。なお、対象粒径は0.3μm換算とした。
(3)PF値
濾紙のフィルタ性能の指標となるPF値は、前記数式1より求めた。PF値が高いほど、同一圧力損失で高捕集効率を示す。
(4)撥水性
MIL−STD−282に準拠して測定した。
(5)引張強度
引張強度は、JIS P8113に準拠して測定した。
(6)アウトガス発生速度
いわゆるダイナミックヘッドスペース法を用いた。発生ガス濃縮導入装置(ジーエルサイエンス社製 MSTD−258)を用い、試料約0.2gを99.999%の不活性Heガス気流中(流量50ml/分)で、80℃、1時間加熱し、試料から発生したアウトガスを吸着剤(TENAX TA)で捕集濃縮し、270℃で再脱離させたガスをクライオフォーカスユニットでサンプルバンドを狭めた後、ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析計(島津製作所製GCMS−QP5050A)に導入して測定した。キャピラリーカラムは、TC−1(ジーエルサイエンス社製;0.25mm×60m、膜圧0.25μm)を用いた。質量分析計の装置のイオン化法は電子衝撃法(イオン化電圧70eV)である。このときの時間あたりのアウトガス発生量をアウトガス発生速度として、n−ヘキサデカン検量線によって相対評価した。
(7)表面張力
フッ素系界面活性剤を25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力、およびバインダー液の表面張力を太平理化工業(株)製デニュイ氏表面張力測定器で測定した。
【0068】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記の説明から判るように、濾材を構成するガラス繊維に平均粒子径が100nm以下であるポリマーディスパージョンと、25℃純水中に添加した際の最低表面張力が20mN/m以下であるフッ素系界面活性剤を付着させるようにしたので、これまで以上に低圧力損失・高捕集効率化が図られるとともに、高レベルの撥水性と強度物性が得られ、なおかつ濾材から放散される低分子有機物アウトガス量を極力少なく抑えることができる。そして、本発明の製造方法によれば、このエアフィルタ用濾材を容易に得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1はフッ素系界面活性剤の濾材含有量と撥水性の関係について本発明の処方の一例に従う実験結果と先願発明(特許文献3)に従う処方による実験結果を図示したものである。
【図2】図2は図1と同じ実験でフッ素系界面活性剤の濾材含有量とPF値の関係の結果を図示したものである。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a filter medium for an air filter, and particularly to a filter medium for an air filter used for applications such as a semiconductor, a liquid crystal, a clean room and a clean bench related to the bio and food industries, an air filter for a building air conditioner, and an air purifier. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a filter medium for an air filter has been used to efficiently collect particles in submicron or micron units in air. Filter media are roughly classified according to their collection performance into medium-performance filters, HEPA filters, and ULPA filters. Among them, for the HEPA filter, the effective area is 100 cm in the U.S. military standard MIL-STD. 2 The DOP collection efficiency is specified to be 99.97% or more when the filter medium is passed through the filter medium at a surface wind velocity of 5.3 cm / sec. For ULPA filters, there is no clear regulation, but the IES RP-21 has a trapping efficiency of 0.1-0.2 μm when ventilating at a surface wind speed of 2.5 cm / sec is 99.999% or more. Defined.
[0003]
In a filter medium for an air filter, a glass fiber having an average fiber diameter of the order of several μm to several tens μm is usually used as a main component.
[0004]
However, glass fiber itself does not have the self-adhesive strength of pulp fiber used for general paper, and as it is, there is no practical strength at the time of post-processing or actual use, or glass fiber is scattered during ventilation. And other problems will occur. Conventionally, in order to solve this problem, a method of adding an organic binder to a glass fiber substrate has been used. Examples of the binder used here include an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol, and a urethane resin.
[0005]
However, in order to increase the strength of the filter medium by this method, it is necessary to increase the amount of binder attached, but if the amount of attachment is increased, the web-like film of the binder increases between the glass fibers, so that the pressure loss of the filter medium increases, In addition, there is a problem that the particle collection efficiency is reduced.
[0006]
As a means for solving this, a method has been proposed in which the surface tension of the binder is reduced by containing a silicon resin to eliminate or reduce the web-like film of the binder (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, in recent years, particularly in the field of semiconductors, it has been found that the emission of a small amount of low molecular siloxane contained in a silicon resin into a clean room affects the production yield of an LSI, which makes the use of the silicon resin itself difficult.
[0007]
The present inventors previously attached a binder and a fluorine-based surfactant having a minimum surface tension of 20 dyne / cm (= 20 mN / m) or less when added to glass fiber constituting a filter medium in pure water at 25 ° C. A filter material for an air filter was proposed (see Patent Document 3). The present invention has been effective in solving the above problems. However, there is a problem that the wettability of the surface of the binder resin is further increased due to the adhesion of the fluorine-based surfactant, and the water repellency of the filter medium is reduced. Then, the present inventors tried to solve this by using a water repellent in combination (Patent Document 3, especially Examples).
[0008]
Regarding the water repellency of the filter material for air filters, it is possible to prevent the penetration of the sealant or hot melt used during the processing of the filter unit, and to keep the filter material surface even if it is exposed to water or moisture condenses due to temperature changes. In order to be able to use a filter medium, it is usually necessary to impart water repellency. Further, in an environment where many sea salt particles are present, a filter medium having high water repellency is required to prevent deliquescence of the collected salt. In the MIL standard, the water repellency of the HEPA filter medium is specified to be 508 mm (water column height) or more. In practice, if the water repellency is 150 mm (water column height) or more, there is no problem in the post-processing of the filter medium. However, in actual use, the water repellency is desirably at least 300 mm (water column height) and preferably 508 mm (water column height) for the above-mentioned reason.
[0009]
The air filter according to the invention, wherein a low pressure loss and a high collection efficiency are achieved by attaching a conventional binder (acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol, urethane resin, etc.) and a fluorine surfactant. In the filter medium, in order to impart high water repellency to the filter medium, it is essential to add a water repellent such as a fluorine-based, silicon-based, or wax-based material in addition to the binder. You need to increase the amount more than you do. Increasing the amount of the water-repellent agent not only increases the production cost but also causes a decrease in the strength of the filter medium because most water-repellent agents do not have a binder function. Furthermore, when the amount of the water repellent added is increased, the outgassing of low molecular organic substances derived from the water repellent also increases, and when this gas is released into the clean room, it affects the production yield of the LSI similarly to the case of the silicon resin. Causes a problem such as giving Therefore, it is desired that a water repellent is not used in a filter medium used in a semiconductor manufacturing process, or that the water repellent is used only to a necessary minimum.
[0010]
As a conventional technique for reducing outgassing of low molecular organic substances from a filter medium and having water repellency, a method using a soap-free emulsion as a binder (see Patent Document 4), a microcrystalline wax having 20 or more carbon atoms as a water repellent, A method using a polyolefin wax having 20 or more carbon atoms or a higher alcohol having 18 or more carbon atoms (see Patent Document 5), and a method previously filed by the present inventors using a versatic acid vinyl polymer resin or the like as a binder (Patent Document 6) ), And a method using a polymer dispersion composed of a copolymer of a hydrophobic monomer and a hydrophilic monomer containing almost no additives such as an emulsifier as a binder (see Patent Document 7). However, none of these methods aimed at lowering the pressure loss and increasing the collection efficiency of the filter medium.
[0011]
As described above, while achieving low pressure loss and high collection efficiency of the air filter medium, sufficient water repellency and strength are imparted, and furthermore, the generation amount of low molecular organic matter outgas is suppressed to be small. Very difficult. However, there is an extremely strong demand for a filter medium that satisfies all of these characteristics, and there has been a need for an improved means for achieving them.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2-41499, page 3
[0013]
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-2-175997, page 3
[0014]
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-10-156116, page 2, and each embodiment
[0015]
[Patent Document 4] JP-A-10-244112, pp. 2-3
[0016]
[Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent No. 3282113, pp. 4-5
[0017]
[Patent Document 6] JP-A-2002-136815, pp. 2-3
[0018]
[Patent Document 7]
[0019]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is, firstly, to achieve low pressure loss and high collection efficiency while maintaining water repellency and strength physical properties, and secondly, in addition to the first problem, it is generated from a filter medium An object of the present invention is to provide a filter medium for an air filter and a method for producing the same, in which the amount of low molecular organic matter outgas is minimized.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have achieved low pressure loss and high collection efficiency while maintaining water repellency and strength physical properties, and furthermore, a high-performance in which the amount of low molecular organic matter outgas emitted from the filter medium is minimized. As a result of intensive research to provide a filter medium for an air filter, the polymer dispersion having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less and the minimum surface tension when added to pure water at 25 ° C. By adhering a fluorine-based surfactant of 20 mN / m or less, it has been found that a filter material for an air filter which is extremely characteristic as compared with a conventional product can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
[0021]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to contain a binder composed of a polymer dispersion and 0.3% by weight or less of a fluorinated surfactant per filter medium in the filter medium, which is an index of filtration performance and is a PF value represented by the following formula 1. Is not less than 14.5, and the water repellency defined by MIL-STD-282 of the filter medium is 300 mm (water column height) or more.
[Outside 2]
* 1 The pressure loss in Equation 1 is obtained when air is passed through the filter medium at a surface wind speed of 5.3 cm / s (unit: Pa).
[0022]
* 2 The collection efficiency in terms of 0.3 μm in Formula 1 indicates that DOP (dioctyl phthalate) particles having a particle diameter of 0.2 to 0.3 μm and 0.3 to 0.4 μm at a surface wind speed of 5.3 cm / s. Each transmittance was measured using the measured values, and calculated from the geometric mean transmittance. (Here, collection efficiency (%) = 100-transmittance (%))
Further, the present invention provides a polymer dispersion having a mean particle diameter of 100 nm or less as a binder and a fluorine-based material having a minimum surface tension of 20 mN / m or less when added to pure water at 25 ° C. The present invention also relates to an air filter medium characterized by having a surfactant attached thereto in an amount of 0.3% by weight or less per filter medium.
[0023]
One advantageous embodiment of the present invention is where the outgassing gas rate when the filter medium is heated at 80 ° C. is 1000 ng / g · hr or less.
[0024]
Further, a case where the polymer dispersion has a polymer structure having a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part is also one of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0025]
Another advantageous embodiment is where the polymer dispersion is an ionomer having a hydrophilic structure in the form of a salt neutralized with alkali metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions or ammonium compound ions. Here, the ammonium compound includes ammonia and amine.
[0026]
In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the filter medium has a water repellency defined by MIL-STD-282 of at least 508 mm (water column height).
[0027]
The filter medium for an air filter of the present invention is a wet paper obtained by wet-making a slurry in which glass fibers constituting the filter medium are dispersed, and a binder liquid for a polymer dispersion having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less. A fluorine-based surfactant having a minimum surface tension of not more than 20 mN / m when added to pure water at 25 ° C such that the surface tension of the aqueous solution at 25 ° C when the solid content concentration is 2% is not more than 45 mN / m. It is produced by adhering a mixture obtained by adding an agent.
[0028]
The binder used in the filter material for an air filter of the present invention is called a polymer dispersion, and has an appropriate amount of hydrophilic portion in a polymer chain, so that the binder is stably dispersed in water without using an emulsifier. It is in a state. On the other hand, the polymer used in the invention of the prior application (Patent Document 3) is a polymer emulsion which is dispersed and stabilized in an aqueous solvent with an emulsifier such as a surfactant, and the dispersion mechanism between the polymer dispersion and the polymer emulsion is apparent. Are different. The hydrophilic portion in the polymer is usually in the form of a hydrophilic group bonded to a part of the main chain or to a terminal of a side chain, and the hydrophilic group includes a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and the like. No.
[0029]
Further, in order to impart water repellency to the filter medium, it is necessary that the polymer dispersion has a certain degree of hydrophobic part. For example, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, and the like cannot provide a sufficiently high water repellency even when a dried film is formed because the film is too hydrophilic. As the hydrophobic portion, it is preferable that a highly hydrophobic polyolefin structure or aromatic ring is introduced into the polymer main chain or side chain.
[0030]
The polymer dispersion used in the present invention is not limited in terms of polymer composition.For example, a styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, a hydrophilic group bonded to a main structure. Modified polyester resin, polyurethane resin and the like can be mentioned. The polymer dispersion retains the affinity with the aqueous solvent in the hydrophilic portion in the structure, but a small amount of a surfactant or a solvent may be added in order to further increase the dispersion stability.
[0031]
The ionomer used in the present invention as a polymer dispersion is a polymer in which a hydrophilic group is a counter ion of an alkali metal such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, an alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium compound including ammonia or an amine. It is more preferable to use a polymer dispersion of an ionomer because it has a salt structure by summation, has very good dispersion stability and does not contain the above-mentioned additives.
[0032]
In order to achieve the water repellency of 300 mm (water column height) or more of the present invention, it is preferable to use a polymer dispersion having a water repellency of 200 mm (water column height) or more when applied to a filter medium alone.
[0033]
The polymer dispersion used in the present invention has an average particle size of 100 nm or less. When the polymer having such a small particle diameter is used, the surface of the glass fiber can be more uniformly and evenly coated. It is very important to form a more uniform and uniform polymer film on the hydrophilic glass fiber surface in order to impart water repellency to the filter medium.
[0034]
However, even if the polymer dispersion alone is used as the binder, although water repellency can be imparted to the filter medium, a web-like film of the binder is also formed at the same time, and the filtration performance is higher pressure loss and lower collection efficiency than the conventional binder. Will be low.
[0035]
The present inventors have given such a small particle size polymer dispersion and a small amount of a fluorine-based surfactant to lower the water repellency while simultaneously reducing the pressure loss and the high collection efficiency of the air filter medium. It has been found that the water repellency can be improved without using a water repellent instead. It was also found that the effects of low pressure loss and high collection efficiency were further enhanced.
[0036]
Regarding the mechanism of low pressure loss and high collection efficiency, as described in the prior application (Patent Document 3), the surface tension of the binder liquid is reduced, so that the wettability to the filter medium constituent fibers is improved, and one fiber per fiber is obtained. This is probably because the binder liquid permeated the book surface or the entangled portion, and the web-like binder film between the glass fibers was reduced. Originally, polymer dispersions hardly contain emulsifiers, so the surface tension of the binder solution was high, which is expected to be a factor in the deterioration of filtration performance when used alone. It is presumed that the reason for this is that the particle size of the polymer dispersion is so large that the effect of penetrating the fibers is further improved because the particle size of the polymer dispersion is very small. As a result, the filtration performance of the filter material for an air filter was improved such that the PF value shown in the above formula 1 was 14.5 or more.
[0037]
On the other hand, the effect of improving the water repellency is a surprising result, and is a phenomenon not seen at all in the conventional binder. Although the mechanism is unclear, the addition of a fluorosurfactant improves the wettability of the polymer dispersion on the glass surface, further increasing the uniformity of the polymer coating on the glass fiber surface and, as a result, improving the water repellency of the filter medium. It is presumed to have been done.
[0038]
However, if the fluorine-based surfactant is added too much, the water repellency is reduced. This may be because the effect of the fluorine-based surfactant as a wetting agent impeded the water-repellent function of the polymer film.
[0039]
FIG. 1 shows an example of experimental results on the relationship between the content of the filter medium of the fluorine-based surfactant and the water repellency. The conventional formulation is based on the prior application (Patent Document 3). In addition to the acrylic resin emulsion binder and the fluorine-based surfactant, 0.15% by weight of a fluorine-based solution based on the weight of the binder solution is used to enhance water repellency. A water repellent (trade name: Light Guard FRG-1; manufacturer: Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) is used in combination. However, as the content of the filter material of the fluorine-based surfactant increases, the water repellent increases. The water repellency drops sharply. On the other hand, when the polymer dispersion is used according to the present invention, as described above, it can be seen that high water repellency can be specifically obtained at the optimum filter material content of the fluorine-based surfactant without using a water repellent. .
[0040]
FIG. 2 shows the results of the same experiment as to the relationship between the filter material content of the fluorosurfactant and the PF value. In both the conventional formulation and the formulation of the present invention, the PF value increases as the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant filter material increases, but it can be seen that the effect of the formulation of the present invention is more remarkable.
[0041]
The amount of the fluorinated surfactant attached to the filter medium is important from the viewpoint of water repellency, and it is desirable that the amount of the fluorinated surfactant contained in the filter medium be 0.3% by weight or less per filter medium. Within this range, a decrease in water repellency and a decrease in strength physical properties hardly occur, a low pressure loss and high collection efficiency of filtration characteristics can be realized, and a low molecular organic outgas can be suppressed to a low level. (Here, the target level of the low-molecular organic outgas was set at an outgas generation rate of 1000 ng / g · hr or less when the filter medium was heated at 80 ° C.) The reason is that the fluorine-based surfactant was used in a smaller amount than other surfactants. This is considered to be due to the fact that the effect can be exerted and the amount of generated low molecular organic matter outgas is small. However, if the content is more than 0.3% by weight per filter medium, even if a filter medium with low pressure loss and high collection efficiency is obtained, the water repellency and strength properties are reduced by the influence of the fluorine-based surfactant. And the low molecular organic outgas exceeds the target level, which is not preferable.
[0042]
In addition, the content of the fluorine-based surfactant in the filter medium can be estimated from the amount of the binder in the filter medium and the amount of the fluorine-based surfactant in the binder liquid. Further, for example, if the fluorine content in the fluorine-based surfactant is known from an analysis such as quantifying the amount of fluorine by a lanthanum-alizarin complexone spectrophotometer after pretreatment such as an alkali melting method for the filter medium, the filter medium may be used. Can be determined. Incidentally, the fluorine content in the fluorine-based surfactant is considered to be approximately 40 to 80% by weight.
[0043]
The improvement in water repellency by the addition of a fluorine-based surfactant is a phenomenon that is observed only in a polymer dispersion having a particle diameter of 100 nm or less, and the improvement in water repellency is not observed in a polymer dispersion having a large particle diameter exceeding 100 nm. I can't. This is because it is originally difficult to uniformly coat the glass surface due to the large particle size of the polymer, and even if a fluorine-based surfactant is applied thereto, the non-uniform state is not improved. It is presumed that it cannot be done.
[0044]
Among the above-mentioned prior arts, in the methods described in Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6, the water repellency and the strength physical properties are greatly reduced by the addition of a fluorine-based surfactant as in the case of the conventional binder. Further, a binder of a polymer dispersion composed of a copolymer of a hydrophobic monomer and a hydrophilic monomer containing almost no additives such as an emulsifier used in Patent Document 7 is a polymer having a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part. It is presumed to be included in the category of the polymer dispersion used in the present invention, which comprises the structure. However, as described above, even when this binder is used alone, there is a problem that a web-like film of the binder is formed and the filtration performance is reduced. Further, the present invention is a technique in which an emulsifier (surfactant) and other additives are not contained in a binder as much as possible in order to suppress the generation of an organic substance outgas, while the present invention intentionally uses a fluorine-based surfactant as a binder for a filter medium. This is a completely different technical idea in that the purpose is achieved by adding 0.3% by weight or less per weight.
[0045]
The fluorinated surfactant used in the filter material for an air filter of the present invention is different from the fluorinated water repellent, and preferably has a fluoroalkyl group (CF 3 -CF 2 -CF 2 -...) containing a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group. Examples include perfluoroalkylcarboxylates, perfluoroalkyltrimethylammonium salts, perfluoroalkylbetaines, perfluoroalkylamine oxides, perfluoroethylene oxide adducts, perfluoroalkylaminosulfonic acids, and the like. The type of use is not limited as long as it has a minimum surface tension of 20 mN / m or less and can achieve the object of the present invention. However, fluorine-based resins used for water-repellent and oil-repellent applications are almost inapplicable because most of the molecules do not contain a hydrophilic group in the molecule.
[0046]
Regarding the method of lowering the binder liquid surface tension, the effect can be obtained by adding a fluorine-based surfactant containing a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group of a fluoroalkyl group in the molecule to the liquid, and the effect can be sufficiently obtained. For this purpose, the minimum surface tension when added to pure water at 25 ° C. must be 20 mN / m or less even among the fluorine-based surfactants. Above this, there is little reduction in the web-like film, and no reduction in pressure loss and improvement in collection efficiency can be expected, and the effect of addition to the binder liquid is almost lost.
[0047]
Since the surface tension of the binder liquid after the addition of the fluorine-based surfactant varies depending on conditions such as the composition, viscosity, and concentration of the binder, it is difficult to define the surface tension as an absolute value. The standard is that the surface tension of the aqueous solution at 25 ° C. is 45 mN / m or less.
[0048]
In addition, if the outgas generation rate is equal to or less than the above-described target value for the purpose of providing water repellency in an auxiliary manner, the above-mentioned water repellent such as fluorine-based, silicon-based, or wax-based can be used in combination. However, its use should be kept to a minimum for low outgassing purposes.
[0049]
The glass fiber used as the main fiber in the present invention can be freely selected from ultra-fine glass fiber or chopped glass fiber having various fiber diameters and fiber lengths according to required filtration performance and other physical properties. . In particular, the ultrafine glass fiber is a wool-like glass fiber produced by a flame drawing method or a rotary method, and is an essential component for maintaining the pressure loss of the filter medium at a predetermined value and achieving an appropriate collection efficiency. The smaller the fiber diameter, the higher the collection efficiency. Therefore, in order to obtain a high-performance filter medium, it is necessary to mix ultrafine glass fibers with a fine average fiber diameter. However, if the fiber diameter is small, the pressure loss may be too high, so that an appropriate fiber diameter should be selected within this range. It is to be noted that several types of fiber diameters may be blended and blended. For the purpose of preventing contamination in the semiconductor process, low-boron glass fiber or silica glass fiber can be used. Further, natural fibers, organic synthetic fibers, and the like may be blended in glass fibers as auxiliary materials.
[0050]
The addition rate of the binder to the substrate is preferably 1 to 10% by weight, and if the addition is less than 1% by weight, the filter medium does not have sufficient strength to endure the processing and actual use of the filter medium. If it is 10% by weight or more, the binder causes clogging of the filter medium. Therefore, the pressure loss increases and the filtration performance decreases. In addition, if the amount of combustible binder is large, the flame retardancy of the filter medium is deteriorated.
[0051]
The filter material for an air filter of the present invention can be obtained by the following production method. That is, the glass fibers constituting the filter medium are dispersed in water using a pulper or the like, and the slurry is wet-laid with a paper machine to obtain wet paper. Next, a binder liquid containing the above-mentioned fluorosurfactant and polymer dispersion is adhered to the wet paper, followed by drying. Further, even if the binder liquid is applied after the wet paper web is dried, the effect is not changed.
[0052]
In the raw fiber dispersion step, in order to improve dispersibility, a method of adjusting the pH to a range of 2 to 4 with sulfuric acid is used, but a surfactant having a neutral pH and a dispersant may be used. The polymer dispersion and the fluorinated surfactant have no effect even if they are independently applied, and a binder solution in which these are mixed must be applied. In order to impart water repellency and flame retardancy, it is also possible to add a water repellent and a flame retardant to the binder liquid within the range of the object of the present invention.
[0053]
The method for applying the binder liquid is not particularly limited, but may be a method of dipping wet paper or dry paper in the adhesive liquid, a method of spraying wet paper or dry paper with a spray, attaching the adhesive liquid to a roll and attaching wet paper or The method of transferring to dry paper is mentioned. As a drying method, it is preferable to dry at 110 to 160 ° C. using a hot air dryer, a roll dryer, or the like.
[0054]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0055]
[Example 1]
60% by weight of ultra-fine glass fiber having an average fiber diameter of 0.65 μm, 35% by weight of ultra-fine glass fiber having an average fiber diameter of 2.70 μm, 5% by weight of chopped glass fiber having an average fiber diameter of 6 μm, defibration concentration of 0.5%, sulfuric acid Disintegrated with water of pH 2.5 using a mixer. Next, papermaking was performed using a handmaking apparatus to obtain a wet paper. 1.90% by weight of an ionomer polymer dispersion (trade name: Seixen A, manufacturer: Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.) based on the binder liquid, 0.04% by weight of a fluorine-based surfactant (product) Name: Megafac F120, manufacturer: Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) is applied to a wet paper, and then dried with a hot air dryer at 130 ° C. to give a basis weight of 70 g / m 2. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0056]
[Example 2]
In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the fluorinated surfactant in the binder liquid composition was changed to 0.09% by weight, the basis weight was 70 g / m 2. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0057]
[Example 3]
In Example 1, of the binder liquid composition, 1.85% by weight of a styrene-acrylic acid-based polymer dispersion (trade name: SS316, manufacturer: Nippon PMC Co., Ltd.), and 0.04% by weight of a fluorine-based surfactant. The same procedure as in Example 1 was followed, except that the weight per unit area was 70 g / m2. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0058]
[Example 4]
In the binder liquid composition in Example 1, 2.00% by weight of the modified polyester polymer dispersion (trade name: Vylonal MD-1245, manufacturer: Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and the amount of the fluorine-based surfactant was 0.04% by weight. The same procedure as in Example 1 was followed, except that the weight per unit area was 70 g / m2. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0059]
Examples 1 to 4 are summarized in Table 1 including the results of the tests described in detail below.
[0060]
[Table 1]
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, the binder liquid composition was changed to 1.70% by weight of an acrylate-based polymer emulsion (trade name: Boncoat AN-258, manufacturer: Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.), fluorine-based water repellent (trade name: Light Guard FRG-1, manufacturer: Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. The same as in Example 1 except that the weight was 0.15% by weight, the basis weight was 70 g / m. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0061]
[Comparative Example 2]
In Comparative Example 1, the basis weight was 70 g / m 2 in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that 0.04% by weight of a fluorinated surfactant was further added to the binder liquid composition. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0062]
[Comparative Example 3]
In Comparative Example 2, the basis weight was 70 g / m 2 in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the amount of the fluorine-based water repellent was changed to 0.35% by weight in the binder liquid composition. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0063]
[Comparative Example 4]
In Example 1, the binder liquid composition was 2.00% by weight of a soap-free acrylate polymer emulsion (trade name: Iodosol AD-57, manufactured by Nippon NSC Ltd.), and the amount of the fluorine-based surfactant was 0.1%. The same as in Example 1 except that the weight was changed to 05% by weight, the basis weight was 70 g / m. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0064]
[Comparative Example 5]
In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the binder liquid composition was changed to only 1.90% by weight of the ionomer polymer dispersion, the basis weight was 70 g / m2. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0065]
[Comparative Example 6]
In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the fluorinated surfactant in the binder liquid composition was changed to 0.13% by weight, the basis weight was 70 g / m 2. 2 And a filter material having a binder adhesion amount of 5.5% by weight.
[0066]
Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are summarized in Table 2, including the results of the tests detailed below:
[0067]
[Table 2]
The analysis of Examples and Comparative Examples was performed by the following method.
(1) Pressure loss
Using a self-made device, effective area 100cm 2 Was measured with a fine differential pressure gauge when air was passed through the filter paper at 5.3 cm / sec.
(2) DOP collection efficiency
Air containing polydisperse DOP particles generated by a Ruskin nozzle is sprayed with an effective area of 100 cm. 2 Was collected using a laser particle counter manufactured by Rion Co., Ltd. when the filter paper was ventilated at a surface wind velocity of 5.3 cm / sec. Note that the target particle diameter was converted to 0.3 μm.
(3) PF value
The PF value, which is an index of the filter performance of the filter paper, was obtained from the above-described formula 1. The higher the PF value, the higher the collection efficiency at the same pressure loss.
(4) Water repellency
It measured based on MIL-STD-282.
(5) Tensile strength
The tensile strength was measured according to JIS P8113.
(6) Outgassing rate
The so-called dynamic headspace method was used. Using an evolved gas concentration introducing device (MSTD-258 manufactured by GL Sciences), about 0.2 g of the sample was heated at 99 ° C. for 1 hour in a 99.999% inert He gas flow (flow rate 50 ml / min), The outgas generated from the sample is collected and concentrated by an adsorbent (TENAX TA), and the gas desorbed at 270 ° C. is narrowed by a cryofocus unit to narrow the sample band. Then, the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS- manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) is used. QP5050A). As a capillary column, TC-1 (manufactured by GL Sciences; 0.25 mm × 60 m, membrane pressure 0.25 μm) was used. The ionization method of the apparatus of the mass spectrometer is an electron impact method (ionization voltage 70 eV). The outgas generation amount per time at this time was regarded as an outgas generation speed, and was relatively evaluated by an n-hexadecane calibration curve.
(7) Surface tension
The minimum surface tension when the fluorine-based surfactant was added to pure water at 25 ° C., and the surface tension of the binder solution were measured with a Denui surface tension meter manufactured by Taihei Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
As can be seen from the above description, the present invention provides a polymer dispersion having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less to glass fibers constituting a filter medium and a minimum surface tension of 20 mN / m or less when added to pure water at 25 ° C. A certain fluorinated surfactant is adhered, so lower pressure loss and higher collection efficiency can be achieved, and a high level of water repellency and strength properties can be obtained, and it is also emitted from the filter medium. It is possible to minimize the amount of low molecular organic substance outgassing. And according to the manufacturing method of this invention, this filter material for air filters can be easily obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing experimental results according to an example of a formulation of the present invention and experimental results according to a formulation according to the prior application (Patent Document 3) with respect to the relationship between the filter material content of a fluorine-based surfactant and water repellency. is there.
FIG. 2 shows the results of the relationship between the PF value and the filter material content of a fluorine-based surfactant in the same experiment as in FIG.
Claims (7)
【外1】
※1 数式1中の圧力損失は、濾材に対し5.3cm/sの面風速で空気を通過させた際のもの(単位:Pa)。
※2 数式1中の0.3μm換算捕集効率は、5.3cm/sの面風速で粒子径0.2〜0.3μm、および0.3〜0.4μmのDOP(ジオクチルフタレート)粒子を用いて各透過率を測定し、その相乗平均の透過率から求めたもの。(ここで、捕集効率(%)=100−透過率(%))The filter medium contains a binder composed of a polymer dispersion and 0.3% by weight or less of a fluorine-based surfactant per filter medium, and has a PF value of 14.5 or more, which is an index of filtration performance and represented by the following formula 1. A filter medium for an air filter, characterized in that the water repellency specified by the measurement method in MIL-STD-282 of the filter medium is 300 mm (water column height) or more.
[Outside 1]
* 1 The pressure loss in Equation 1 is obtained when air is passed through the filter medium at a surface wind speed of 5.3 cm / s (unit: Pa).
* 2 The collection efficiency in terms of 0.3 μm in Formula 1 indicates that DOP (dioctyl phthalate) particles having a particle diameter of 0.2 to 0.3 μm and 0.3 to 0.4 μm at a surface wind speed of 5.3 cm / s. Each transmittance was measured using the measured values, and calculated from the geometric mean transmittance. (Here, collection efficiency (%) = 100-transmittance (%))
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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