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JP2004031266A - Liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell - Google Patents

Liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004031266A
JP2004031266A JP2002189361A JP2002189361A JP2004031266A JP 2004031266 A JP2004031266 A JP 2004031266A JP 2002189361 A JP2002189361 A JP 2002189361A JP 2002189361 A JP2002189361 A JP 2002189361A JP 2004031266 A JP2004031266 A JP 2004031266A
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Prior art keywords
methanol
liquid fuel
fuel cell
viscosity modifier
concentration
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JP2002189361A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masashi Motoi
元井 昌司
Ryoichi Okuyama
奥山 良一
Eiichi Nomura
野村 栄一
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Yuasa Corp
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Yuasa Corp
Yuasa Battery Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

【課題】出力特性の向上に寄与できる液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池を得る。
【解決手段】プロトン導電性固体高分子膜からなる電解質を介して負極と正極とを対設し、前記負極に液体燃料を、前記正極に酸化剤ガスを供給して発電を行う液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池において、前記液体燃料に粘度調整剤を含有させてなる。
【選択図】 図1
An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell which can contribute to improvement of output characteristics.
A negative electrode and a positive electrode are opposed to each other via an electrolyte made of a proton conductive solid polymer membrane, and a liquid fuel is supplied directly to the negative electrode and a oxidant gas is supplied to the positive electrode to generate power. In the solid fuel cell, the liquid fuel contains a viscosity modifier.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、液体燃料としての有機溶媒と水を直接供給して発電することができる液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池に関するもので、さらに詳しく言えば、その出力特性の向上に寄与でき、安定した運転の継続が容易にできる液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、環境問題や資源問題への対策が重要になっており、その対策の一つとして、液体燃料としての有機溶媒と水を直接供給して発電することができる液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池の開発が活発に行われている。特に、液体燃料としてメタノールを用い、その改質、ガス化を行うことなく直接発電する直接メタノール形燃料電池は構造がシンプルであり、小型化、軽量化が容易であり、携帯形小型電子機器用やコンピュータ用などのコンシューマー電源をはじめ、種々の分散型電源や可搬型電源として有望である。
【0003】
このような液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池は、プロトン導電性を有する固体高分子電解質膜からなる電解質を介して両側に正極(空気極)と負極(燃料極)を接合した膜/電極接合体(MEA)を正極側(空気極側)セパレータと負極側(燃料極側)セパレータとで挟持したセルが複数個積層されて構成される。この正極側(空気極側)セパレータと負極側(燃料極側)セパレータは、前記正極(空気極)に酸化剤ガスを供給し、前記負極(燃料極)に液体燃料を供給する役割を果たすとともに、酸化剤ガスと液体燃料とが電解質を介して行う電気化学反応によって生成する反応生成物を排出する役割も果たしている。
【0004】
すなわち、直接メタノール形燃料電池では、負極(燃料極)側にメタノール水溶液を供給し、正極(空気極)側に酸化剤ガスとしての空気を供給すると、負極(燃料極)ではメタノールと水が反応して二酸化炭素を生成するとともに水素イオンと電子を放出し、正極(空気極)では空気中の酸素が電解質を通過してきた前記水素イオンと電子を取り込んで水を生成し、外部回路に起電力を生じさせる。そして、生成した水は反応に寄与しなかった空気とともに正極(空気極)側から排出され、二酸化炭素は反応に寄与しなかったメタノール水溶液とともに負極(燃料極)側から排出される。
【0005】
上記した直接メタノール形燃料電池では、その出力特性を向上させる点から言えば、メタノール水溶液の濃度を高くするのが好ましいが、濃度を高くすると、メタノールが電解質を透過(クロスオーバー)する量が多くなってメタノールの利用効率が低下するだけでなく、透過したメタノールが正極(空気極)の過電圧を増大させ、電池電圧を低下させるため、通常は、この濃度を3重量%程度としている。
【0006】
上記した問題を解決する方法として、電解質の膜厚を大きくし、メタノール透過量を減少させるといった方法が報告されているが、電解質の膜厚を大きくすると、それだけ電解質の抵抗が大きくなって、出力特性を向上させるには至っていなかった。
【0007】
また、電解質の膜中に白金を分散させ、負極(燃料極)側から正極(空気極)側に透過するメタノールを、正極(空気極)側から拡散した酸素によって酸化させるといった方法も報告されているが、電解質の膜中に白金を分散させる工程が複雑で、燃料電池のコストアップにつながり、好ましいものではなかった。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように、直接メタノール形燃料電池では、出力特性を向上させるために、メタノール水溶液の濃度を高くすることが困難であるという問題があり、本発明の目的は、電解質の膜厚を小さくしても、メタノールの透過が生じにくく、濃度が3重量%以上のメタノール水溶液を用いても、出力特性が低下しない直接メタノール形燃料電池を提供し、さらにメタノール水溶液以外の液体燃料を用いた液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、請求項1記載の発明は、プロトン導電性固体高分子膜からなる電解質を介して負極と正極とを対設し、前記負極に液体燃料を、前記正極に酸化剤ガスを供給して発電を行う液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池において、前記液体燃料は粘度調整剤を含有していることを特徴とし、請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池において、粘度調整剤はセルロースエーテル、寒天、ゼラチンから選択された少なくとも一つであることを特徴とし、これにより、粘度調整剤と液体燃料とが水素結合によって強く結合し、この結合を乖離させるだけのエネルギーがないと液体燃料が電解質を透過することができないため、濃度が3重量%以上の液体燃料を用いても、その透過量を減少させることができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を、その実施の形態に基づいて説明する。
【0011】
なお、本発明は、以下の評価試験の結果によって得られたものである。すなわち、粘度調整剤に、セルロースエーテルの一種であるカルボキシメチルセルロースを用い、これを液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池の一種である直接メタノール形燃料電池に適用し、液体燃料としてのメタノール水溶液中にこれを添加したものを用いることによって濃度が3重量%以上のメタノール水溶液を用いても、出力特性が低下しないことを確認した結果によるものである。
【0012】
すなわち、カルボキシメチルセルロースを蒸留水に添加し、攪拌しながら温度を約80℃にして、完全に溶解させた後自然冷却して、濃度が0.25重量%のカルボキシメチルセルロース溶液を調製する。次に、この溶液中に濃度が99.8重量%の試薬用メタノールを所定量添加して、メタノールの濃度が3重量%になるように調製し、さらに攪拌したもの(実施例1)と、同様にメタノールの濃度が10重量%になるように調製し、さらに攪拌したもの(実施例2)と、同様にメタノールの濃度が20重量%になるように調製し、さらに攪拌したもの(実施例3)とを準備した。
【0013】
これに対し、蒸留水に濃度が99.8重量%の前記試薬用メタノールを所定量添加して、メタノールの濃度が3重量%になるように調製したもの(比較例1)と、同様にメタノールの濃度が10重量%になるように調製したもの(比較例2)と、同様にメタノールの濃度が20重量%になるように調製したもの(比較例3)とを準備した。
【0014】
(評価試験1)
ナフィオン(登録商標)を電解質に、白金−ルテニウム触媒を担持した炭素粉末をカーボンペーパーに塗布したものを負極に、白金触媒を担持した炭素粉末をカーボンペーパーに塗布したものを正極に用いて直接メタノール形燃料電池の膜−電極複合体(MEA)を作製し、正極側に正極側セパレータを、負極側に負極側セパレータを配置して、前記膜−電極複合体(MEA)を挟持したセルの負極に、上記実施例1〜3および比較例1〜3で得たメタノール水溶液を、それぞれ6ミリリットル/分で供給し、その正極に、空気をそれぞれ500ミリリットル/分で供給し、室温(25℃)下において電流−電圧特性を測定し、結果を図1に示す。
【0015】
図1から、粘度調製剤を添加した実施例1〜3のメタノール水溶液を用いた直接メタノール形燃料電池と、粘度調整剤を添加しない比較例1〜3のメタノール水溶液を用いた直接メタノール形燃料電池とを比較すると、メタノールの濃度が10重量%のものと20重量%のものは、粘度調製剤を添加したことによって、その出力特性(電池電圧)が向上できることがわかる。なお、メタノールの濃度が3重量%のものでは、粘度調製剤を添加したことによって、その出力特性(電池電圧)はやや低下している。
【0016】
(評価試験2)
電解質としてのナフィオン(登録商標)の膜厚を200μm、130μm、50μmとした、評価試験1と同様の直接メタノール形燃料電池のセルを作製し、その負極に、上記実施例2のメタノール水溶液を、それぞれ6ミリリットル/分で供給し、その正極に、空気をそれぞれ500ミリリットル/分で供給し、室温(25℃)下において電流−電圧特性を測定し、結果を図2に示す。
【0017】
図2から、粘度調整剤を添加してメタノールの濃度を10重量%にした実施例2のメタノール水溶液を用いた直接メタノール形燃料電池では、電解質を透過するメタノールの量が少ないため、膜厚が200μmより薄い130μm、50μmのものを使用しても、その分極が小さく、膜抵抗も低下するため、出力特性(電池電圧)が向上できることがわかる。
【0018】
(評価試験3)
電解質としてのナフィオン(登録商標)の膜厚を200μm、130μm、50μmとした、評価試験1と同様の直接メタノール形燃料電池の単電池セルを作製し、その負極に、上記比較例2のメタノール水溶液を、それぞれ6ミリリットル/分で供給し、その正極に、空気をそれぞれ500ミリリットル/分で供給し、室温(25℃)下において電流―電圧特性を測定し、結果を図3に示す。
【0019】
図3から、粘度調整剤を添加しないでメタノールの濃度を10重量%にした比較例2のメタノール水溶液を用いた直接メタノール形燃料電池では、電解質の膜厚が200μmより薄い130μm、50μmのもので、そのメタノールの透過量が増加し、出力特性(電池電圧)が低下することがわかる。
【0020】
上記した評価試験1〜3で作製したものは、粘度調整剤に、セルロースエーテルの一種であるカルボキシメチルセルロースを用いているが、これ以外のセルロースエーテルを粘度調整剤に用いてもよい。すなわち、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース等がよい。また、セルロースエーテル以外のものを粘度調整剤に用いてもよい。すなわち、寒天やゼラチン等でもよい。また、粘度調整剤を液体燃料中に含有させる場合、これによってセパレータに設けた流路の圧損が増大しないように、選択する粘度調整剤に応じて、その粘度を25〜50センチポイズの範囲で定めるのがよい。
【0021】
上記した評価試験1〜3は室温(25℃)下において行ったものであるが、温度を高くすると、触媒の活性も高まるため、出力は上昇するものの、メタノールの透過量は増加するため、運転効率は低下することになる。そのため、電池を運転する温度は出力と運転効率の両者のバランスを考慮したうえで定めるのがよい。
【0022】
本発明は、上述したように、液体燃料中に粘度調整剤を含有させて運転を継続すると、メタノールの濃度の低下によって粘度調整剤は徐々に濃縮され、必要に応じて、外部より、高濃度のメタノールを供給し、粘度調整剤の濃度とメタノールの濃度が所定の範囲に維持されるようにしなければならないものの、このように液体燃料中に粘度調整剤を含有させておくことにより、この粘度調整剤が被膜の作用をして、正極で生成される水の蒸発を防止することができるだけでなく、メタノールの気化が防止できる効果もある。そのため、水の蒸発防止が図れることにより、それを再利用のために回収することも容易であるだけでなく、メタノールの気化防止が図れることにより、外部より高濃度のメタノールを供給する回数も少なくできるという点からも、安定した運転の継続が可能となる。すなわち、粘度調整剤を含有させておいて、メタノールの濃度を高くして運転する方が、粘度調整剤を含有させないで、メタノールの濃度が低くして運転するより優位であると言える。
【0023】
また、このように、粘度調整剤を含有させた液体燃料を用いた場合、燃料電池の運転を停止し、液体燃料を抜き取る場合であっても、粘度調整剤を含有させていることにより、固体高分子電解質膜からなる電解質の表面が乾燥するのを防止することができ、この点からも本発明は優位である。
【0024】
上記した実施の形態は、メタノールを用いる直接メタノール形燃料電池について説明したが、他の液体燃料を用いたものにも適用することができる。すなわち、エタノール、ブタノール、イソプロピルアルコールなどを液体燃料を用いた各種の燃料電池にも適用することができる。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
上記した如く、本発明は、液体燃料中に粘度調整剤を含有させることにより、電解質の膜厚を薄くしても、メタノールの透過量が増加することはなく、メタノールの濃度が3重量%以上であっても、正極の分極を抑制することができるから、出力特性の向上に寄与することができる。
【0026】
また、本発明は、液体燃料中に粘度調整剤を含有させて運転を継続すると、メタノールの濃度の低下によって粘度調整剤は徐々に濃縮され、必要に応じて、外部より、高濃度のメタノールを供給し、粘度調整剤の濃度とメタノール水溶液の濃度が所定の範囲に維持されるようにしなければならないものの、正極で生成される水の蒸発防止やメタノールの気化防止といった効果もあるため、安定した運転の継続に寄与することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】液体燃料中に粘度調整剤を含有させた場合と含有させない場合とについて、メタノールの濃度を変化させて出力特性(電池電圧)を測定した結果を示した図である。
【図2】粘度調整剤を含有させてメタノールの濃度を10重量%にしたときに、電解質の膜厚を変化させて出力特性(電池電圧)を測定した結果を示した図である。
【図3】粘度調整剤を含有させないでメタノールの濃度を10重量%にしたときに、電解質の膜厚を変化させて出力特性(電池電圧)を測定した結果を示した図である。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell capable of directly generating an electric power by directly supplying an organic solvent and water as a liquid fuel. More specifically, the present invention can contribute to the improvement of the output characteristics thereof and provide stable operation. The present invention relates to a liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell which can easily continue the operation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, countermeasures against environmental and resource issues have become important. One of the countermeasures is to use a liquid fuel direct supply fuel cell that can directly generate electricity by directly supplying an organic solvent and water as liquid fuel. Active development is taking place. In particular, a direct methanol fuel cell that uses methanol as a liquid fuel and directly generates electricity without reforming or gasifying it has a simple structure, is easily reduced in size and weight, and is suitable for portable small electronic devices. It is promising as a variety of distributed power supplies and portable power supplies, including consumer power supplies for computers and computers.
[0003]
Such a liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell has a membrane / electrode assembly in which a positive electrode (air electrode) and a negative electrode (fuel electrode) are joined on both sides via an electrolyte consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity. The MEA is sandwiched between a positive electrode side (air electrode side) separator and a negative electrode side (fuel electrode side) separator, and a plurality of cells are stacked. The positive electrode side (air electrode side) separator and the negative electrode side (fuel electrode side) separator supply oxidizing gas to the positive electrode (air electrode) and supply liquid fuel to the negative electrode (fuel electrode). Also, it plays a role of discharging reaction products generated by an electrochemical reaction between the oxidizing gas and the liquid fuel through the electrolyte.
[0004]
That is, in a direct methanol fuel cell, when an aqueous methanol solution is supplied to the negative electrode (fuel electrode) side and air as an oxidant gas is supplied to the positive electrode (air electrode) side, methanol and water react at the negative electrode (fuel electrode). To generate carbon dioxide and release hydrogen ions and electrons. At the positive electrode (air electrode), oxygen in the air takes in the hydrogen ions and electrons passing through the electrolyte to generate water and generate an electromotive force in an external circuit. Cause. The generated water is discharged from the positive electrode (air electrode) side together with the air that has not contributed to the reaction, and the carbon dioxide is discharged from the negative electrode (fuel electrode) side together with the methanol aqueous solution that has not contributed to the reaction.
[0005]
In the direct methanol fuel cell described above, from the viewpoint of improving the output characteristics, it is preferable to increase the concentration of the methanol aqueous solution. However, if the concentration is increased, the amount of methanol permeating the electrolyte (crossover) increases. This concentration is usually set to about 3% by weight because not only the methanol utilization efficiency is reduced, but also the permeated methanol increases the overvoltage of the positive electrode (air electrode) and lowers the battery voltage.
[0006]
As a method of solving the above-mentioned problem, a method of increasing the electrolyte film thickness and reducing the amount of methanol permeation has been reported. However, when the electrolyte film thickness is increased, the resistance of the electrolyte increases and the output power increases. The properties have not been improved.
[0007]
In addition, a method has been reported in which platinum is dispersed in an electrolyte membrane, and methanol permeating from the negative electrode (fuel electrode) side to the positive electrode (air electrode) side is oxidized by oxygen diffused from the positive electrode (air electrode) side. However, the process of dispersing platinum in the electrolyte membrane is complicated, which leads to an increase in the cost of the fuel cell, which is not preferable.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the direct methanol fuel cell, there is a problem that it is difficult to increase the concentration of the aqueous methanol solution in order to improve the output characteristics, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the thickness of the electrolyte. The present invention also provides a direct methanol fuel cell in which the permeation of methanol does not easily occur and the output characteristics do not decrease even when an aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 3% by weight or more is used. An object of the present invention is to provide a supply type fuel cell.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 includes a pair of a negative electrode and a positive electrode via an electrolyte made of a proton conductive solid polymer membrane, a liquid fuel being supplied to the negative electrode, and an oxidizing gas being supplied to the positive electrode. In the liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell for generating electric power by supplying water, the liquid fuel contains a viscosity modifier, and the invention according to claim 2 is directed to the liquid fuel direct supply according to claim 1. In the fuel cell, the viscosity modifier is at least one selected from the group consisting of cellulose ether, agar, and gelatin, whereby the viscosity modifier and the liquid fuel are strongly bonded by hydrogen bonds, and this bond is formed. If there is not enough energy to dissociate the liquid fuel, the liquid fuel cannot pass through the electrolyte. Therefore, even if a liquid fuel having a concentration of 3% by weight or more is used, the permeation amount can be reduced.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments.
[0011]
The present invention has been obtained based on the results of the following evaluation tests. That is, carboxymethylcellulose, a kind of cellulose ether, is used as a viscosity modifier, and this is applied to a direct methanol fuel cell, a kind of liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell, and this is added to a methanol aqueous solution as a liquid fuel. It is a result of confirming that output characteristics do not decrease even when an aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 3% by weight or more is used by using the added one.
[0012]
That is, carboxymethylcellulose is added to distilled water, the temperature is adjusted to about 80 ° C. with stirring, completely dissolved, and then naturally cooled to prepare a carboxymethylcellulose solution having a concentration of 0.25% by weight. Next, a predetermined amount of methanol for reagent having a concentration of 99.8% by weight was added to this solution to prepare a solution having a methanol concentration of 3% by weight and further stirred (Example 1). Similarly, a mixture was prepared so that the concentration of methanol became 10% by weight and further stirred (Example 2), and a mixture prepared similarly so that the concentration of methanol became 20% by weight and further stirred (Example 2). 3) was prepared.
[0013]
On the other hand, a predetermined amount of the above-mentioned methanol for reagent having a concentration of 99.8% by weight was added to distilled water to adjust the concentration of methanol to 3% by weight (Comparative Example 1). Was prepared so as to have a concentration of 10% by weight (Comparative Example 2) and similarly prepared so that the concentration of methanol became 20% by weight (Comparative Example 3).
[0014]
(Evaluation test 1)
Using Nafion (registered trademark) as an electrolyte, carbon powder carrying a platinum-ruthenium catalyst applied to carbon paper as a negative electrode, and applying carbon powder carrying a platinum catalyst on carbon paper as a positive electrode, using methanol directly A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) of a fuel cell is manufactured, and a cathode separator is arranged on a cathode side and a cathode separator is arranged on a cathode side, and a negative electrode of a cell sandwiching the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) is arranged. The methanol aqueous solutions obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were supplied at a rate of 6 ml / min, and air was supplied to the positive electrode at a rate of 500 ml / min, respectively, at room temperature (25 ° C.). The current-voltage characteristics were measured below, and the results are shown in FIG.
[0015]
From FIG. 1, the direct methanol fuel cells using the methanol aqueous solutions of Examples 1 to 3 to which the viscosity modifier was added and the direct methanol fuel cells using the methanol aqueous solutions of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 to which the viscosity modifier was not added. It can be seen that the output characteristics (battery voltage) of the methanol concentration of 10% by weight and that of 20% by weight can be improved by adding the viscosity modifier. When the concentration of methanol was 3% by weight, the output characteristics (battery voltage) were slightly lowered due to the addition of the viscosity modifier.
[0016]
(Evaluation test 2)
A direct methanol fuel cell similar to that in the evaluation test 1 was prepared in which the film thickness of Nafion (registered trademark) as an electrolyte was 200 μm, 130 μm, and 50 μm, and the methanol aqueous solution of Example 2 was applied to the negative electrode. Each was supplied at 6 ml / min, air was supplied to the positive electrode at 500 ml / min, respectively, and current-voltage characteristics were measured at room temperature (25 ° C.). The results are shown in FIG.
[0017]
From FIG. 2, in the direct methanol fuel cell using the aqueous methanol solution of Example 2 in which the concentration of methanol was adjusted to 10% by weight by adding the viscosity modifier, the amount of methanol permeating the electrolyte was small, and the film thickness was small. It can be seen that even when a thin film having a thickness of 130 μm or 50 μm, which is thinner than 200 μm, is used, its polarization is small and the film resistance is reduced, so that the output characteristics (battery voltage) can be improved.
[0018]
(Evaluation test 3)
A single cell of a direct methanol fuel cell similar to that in the evaluation test 1 was prepared in which the thickness of Nafion (registered trademark) as an electrolyte was 200 μm, 130 μm, and 50 μm, and the methanol aqueous solution of Comparative Example 2 was applied to the negative electrode. Is supplied at a rate of 6 ml / min, air is supplied to the positive electrode at a rate of 500 ml / min, and the current-voltage characteristics are measured at room temperature (25 ° C.). The results are shown in FIG.
[0019]
From FIG. 3, in the direct methanol fuel cell using the methanol aqueous solution of Comparative Example 2 in which the concentration of methanol was set to 10% by weight without adding the viscosity modifier, the electrolyte film thicknesses of 130 μm and 50 μm were thinner than 200 μm. It can be seen that the amount of permeation of methanol increases and the output characteristics (battery voltage) decrease.
[0020]
In the ones produced in the above evaluation tests 1 to 3, carboxymethylcellulose, which is a kind of cellulose ether, is used as the viscosity modifier, but other cellulose ethers may be used as the viscosity modifier. That is, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and the like are preferable. Further, a substance other than cellulose ether may be used as the viscosity modifier. That is, agar or gelatin may be used. When the viscosity modifier is contained in the liquid fuel, the viscosity is determined in the range of 25 to 50 centipoise according to the selected viscosity modifier so that the pressure loss of the flow path provided in the separator does not increase. Is good.
[0021]
The evaluation tests 1 to 3 described above were performed at room temperature (25 ° C.). When the temperature was increased, the activity of the catalyst was increased, and the output increased, but the permeation amount of methanol increased. Efficiency will be reduced. Therefore, the temperature at which the battery is operated is preferably determined in consideration of the balance between the output and the operation efficiency.
[0022]
According to the present invention, as described above, if the operation is continued with the viscosity modifier contained in the liquid fuel, the viscosity modifier is gradually concentrated due to the decrease in the concentration of methanol, and if necessary, a high concentration is externally provided. Of methanol, the concentration of the viscosity modifier and the concentration of methanol must be maintained in a predetermined range. However, by including the viscosity modifier in the liquid fuel, the viscosity The adjusting agent acts as a film, which not only prevents the evaporation of water generated at the positive electrode, but also has the effect of preventing the vaporization of methanol. Therefore, by preventing the evaporation of water, it is not only easy to recover it for reuse, but also by preventing the vaporization of methanol, the number of times of supplying high concentration methanol from outside is reduced. From the point that it can be performed, stable operation can be continued. That is, it can be said that it is more advantageous to operate with the concentration of methanol increased while the viscosity modifier is contained, than to operate with the concentration of methanol lowered without containing the viscosity modifier.
[0023]
Further, as described above, when the liquid fuel containing the viscosity modifier is used, the operation of the fuel cell is stopped, and even when the liquid fuel is withdrawn, the solid content is obtained by containing the viscosity modifier. It is possible to prevent the surface of the electrolyte composed of the polymer electrolyte membrane from drying out, and the present invention is also advantageous in this respect.
[0024]
Although the above embodiment has been described with respect to a direct methanol fuel cell using methanol, the present invention can be applied to a fuel cell using other liquid fuels. That is, the present invention can be applied to various fuel cells using liquid fuel such as ethanol, butanol, and isopropyl alcohol.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention does not increase the amount of permeated methanol even when the thickness of the electrolyte is reduced by including the viscosity modifier in the liquid fuel, and the concentration of methanol is 3% by weight or more. Even in this case, since the polarization of the positive electrode can be suppressed, it is possible to contribute to an improvement in output characteristics.
[0026]
Further, according to the present invention, when the viscosity adjusting agent is contained in the liquid fuel and the operation is continued, the viscosity adjusting agent is gradually concentrated due to a decrease in the concentration of methanol, and if necessary, a high concentration of methanol is externally supplied. Although it is necessary to supply and maintain the concentration of the viscosity modifier and the concentration of the methanol aqueous solution within a predetermined range, there is also an effect of preventing evaporation of water generated at the positive electrode and vaporization of methanol. It can contribute to continuation of operation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of measuring output characteristics (battery voltage) by changing the concentration of methanol when a viscosity modifier is contained in a liquid fuel and when it is not contained.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of measuring output characteristics (battery voltage) by changing the electrolyte film thickness when the concentration of methanol is adjusted to 10% by weight by adding a viscosity modifier.
FIG. 3 is a view showing the results of measuring output characteristics (battery voltage) by changing the electrolyte film thickness when the concentration of methanol is 10% by weight without containing a viscosity modifier.

Claims (2)

プロトン導電性固体高分子膜からなる電解質を介して負極と正極とを対設し、前記負極に液体燃料を、前記正極に酸化剤ガスを供給して発電を行う液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池において、前記液体燃料は粘度調整剤を含有していることを特徴とする液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池。In a liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell in which a negative electrode and a positive electrode are opposed to each other via an electrolyte made of a proton conductive solid polymer membrane, liquid fuel is supplied to the negative electrode, and an oxidizing gas is supplied to the positive electrode to generate power. And a liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell, wherein the liquid fuel contains a viscosity modifier. 請求項1記載の液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池において、粘度調整剤はセルロースエーテル、寒天、ゼラチンから選択された少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池。The liquid fuel direct supply fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier is at least one selected from cellulose ether, agar, and gelatin.
JP2002189361A 2002-06-28 2002-06-28 Liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell Pending JP2004031266A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007080543A (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-29 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Fuel cell fuel vaporization control method, fuel cell coated fuel, and fuel cell
JP2008097979A (en) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-24 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Direct methanol fuel cell system and portable electronic device
US7678211B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2010-03-16 Fujifilm Corporation Device and method for joining substrates

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7678211B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2010-03-16 Fujifilm Corporation Device and method for joining substrates
US7988803B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2011-08-02 Fujifilm Corporation Device and method for joining substrates
JP2007080543A (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-29 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Fuel cell fuel vaporization control method, fuel cell coated fuel, and fuel cell
JP2008097979A (en) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-24 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Direct methanol fuel cell system and portable electronic device

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