JP2004028615A - Method for detecting abnormality of lymphocyte subset - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、リンパ球サブセットの異常を検出する方法に関する。より詳細には、蛍光色素などで標識したレクチンを用いて、血液学的試料に含まれるリンパ球サブセットを特異的に弁別し、得られる蛍光などの標識信号を解析することによって、リンパ球サブセットの異常を簡便に検出する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】
末梢血リンパ球は、種々の疾患や薬剤投与により増減する。リンパ球にはT細胞とB細胞のサブセットがある。T細胞とB細胞はそれぞれ細胞性免疫と液性免疫を担い、とりわけT細胞は免疫応答の中枢として重要である。したがって、血液・免疫性疾患、アレルギー性疾患や感染症において、両者の動向を知ることは診断・治療のうえで不可欠となってきている。
T細胞は,胸膜由来のリンパ球で,主として遅延型過敏反応,移植片対宿主拒絶反応などに関与している。臨床検査で検索される頻度が高いT細胞のサブセットはCD3陽性細胞(成熟Tリンパ球総数)、CD4陽性細胞(免疫補助Tリンパ球、helper T cell、Th)、CD8陽性細胞(免疫抑制Tリンパ球、supressorT cell、Ts)である。
B細胞は、骨髄由来のリンパ球で形成細胞に分化し、免疫グロブリンを産生する。T細胞とB細胞は相互に連携して、免疫ネットワークを形成する。
【0003】
疾患に罹ると生体内での免疫反応が亢進し、リンパ球サブセットが増減することが知られている。T細胞が増加する主な疾患として、伝染性単核球症、T細胞白血病など、T細胞が減少する主な疾患として、感染症、全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、免疫不全症、慢性肝炎などが知られている。さらに、B細胞が増加する主な疾患として、B細胞白血病、胸腺無形成症など、B細胞が減少する主な疾患として、重症複合免疫不全症などが知られている。
【0004】
これらのリンパ球サブセットの比率を知るためのリンパ球サブセット検査は、現在、フローサイトメトリーを用いた細胞免疫学的な方法が主流である。その方法では、細胞表面抗原を特異的に認識する各種モノクローナル抗体が使用される。T細胞サブセット検査用抗体として汎用されるモノクローナル抗体は、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD16、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD56などが挙げられる。フローサイトメトリーを用いる方法では、これらの抗体を蛍光色素などであらかじめ標識したものが使用される。標識され、かつ測定目的のリンパ球サブセットに対応したモノクローナル抗体を試料に加え、該抗体を試料中のリンパ球と結合させる。標識されたリンパ球を含む試料をフローサイトメータで測定する。測定して得られた散乱光や蛍光の情報を用いてスキャッタグラムを作成してリンパ球サブセットの領域を抽出し、計測してリンパ球サブセットを検査する。
この方法の場合、各リンパ球サブセット測定に使用するモノクローナル抗体が高価であるので、検査のコストを下げることは困難である。こういった高価な試薬であるモノクローナル抗体を用いる検査は医療費の削減が叫ばれている環境下では、価格面で大きな課題となっている。さらに、リンパ球サブセット検査は、臨床的に確立されており現在広範囲に行われているが、検査試薬のコスト以外にも、測定にかかる人件費が高かったり、手技が煩雑であるなどの課題もある。
【0005】
一方、T細胞サブセット検査として、レクチンを使用した方法がある。
一般的にレクチンとは、植物・動物・微生物等に存在するタンパク質または糖タンパク質のうち、糖に対する特異的結合活性をもった物質の総称として用いられている。臨床への応用としては、赤血球の表面上の糖鎖の識別による血液型の識別や、リンパ球幼若化試験、種々の免疫抑制効果や免疫療法の効果にも使われている。
レクチンによるT細胞サブセット検査は、WGA(コムギ胚)を用いるCD8およびCD16細胞の検査法(T. Toge ら、Surgery Today, Jpn J Surg (1993)23: 765−770)およびWGAを用いる末梢リンパ球のサブクラスの検出(D.H. Boldtら、Cancer (1983) 51: 2083−2089)等が知られている。しかしいずれの方法も、赤血球等が糖鎖を表面上に有するのでWGAと反応するおそれがあり、従ってT細胞サブセット検査のためには、血液学的試料から単核球(リンパ球および単球)のみを単離する操作が必須であり、その操作が非常に煩雑である。例えば、市販のリンパ球分離溶液を使用した場合、遠心分離とその後の洗浄を含めると前処理だけでも2時間近く必要とする。従って、価格対効果の面からこれらの方法を臨床検査として応用することは事実上、不可能である。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
われわれは、様々な条件で検討を重ねた結果、血液学的試料から単核球を分離する操作をしなくても、蛍光標識レクチンがリンパ球サブセットと好適に結合しうるような方法を見いだした。具体的には、血液学的試料を赤血球の影響を除去する処理に付すことのみで、蛍光標識レクチンとリンパ球サブセットの選択的な結合が短時間で達成でき、さらにこの結合は安定であることを確認している。この知見を用い、本発明者は、モノクローナル抗体を用いず、かつ血液学的試料から単核球を分離しなくても、簡便にリンパ球サブセットの異常を検査する方法を見出した。
【0007】
本発明によれば、
(1) 血液学的試料を、該試料から赤血球の影響を除去する処理に付し、
(2) 蛍光標識レクチンを反応させて、該試料中のリンパ球に結合させ、
(3) 該試料をフローサイトメータに供して、少なくとも2つの異なる種類の光強度を測定し、
(4) 測定した光強度からスキャッタグラムを作成し、該スキャッタグラム上の、リンパ球に相当する領域内の情報を抽出し、その情報を蛍光のヒストグラムに展開し、リンパ球の平均蛍光強度およびリンパ球の蛍光強度の変動係数を算出し、所定の各々の閾値と比較することからなる、
リンパ球サブセットの異常を検出する方法が提供される。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、リンパ球サブセットは、T細胞およびB細胞のいずれに限定されるものではないが、T細胞サブセットが好ましく、CD4陽性細胞およびCD8陽性細胞がさらに好ましい。
(1) 血液学的試料を、該試料から赤血球の影響を除去する処理に付す工程。
本発明における血液学的試料とは、動物特にヒトの末梢血液または、骨髄穿針液等の主に血液細胞からなる生物学的試料であって、好ましくは抗凝固剤処理のなされた静脈採血血液である。また、抗凝固剤等を含む水溶液で希釈してもよい。抗凝固剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ヘパリン、クエン酸又はクエン酸塩等を使用することができる。水溶液で希釈する場合の希釈倍率は、5〜100倍程度(容量)が適当であり、好ましくは10〜50倍程度である。
【0009】
レクチンは糖鎖と特異的に結合する活性を有するので、本発明の方法においてはリンパ球以外で糖鎖を細胞表面上に有する赤血球の影響を除去、すなわち赤血球がレクチンと結合しないように処理する必要がある。
血液学的試料から赤血球の影響を除去する処理としては、基本的に白血球を損傷させず、かつ測定時にレクチンと赤血球が反応しないようにできる処理であればよい。一般的に行われている方法としては、塩化アンモニウムを主成分とする白血球にほとんど損傷を与えない溶血剤を使用する処理方法、第一液にpH2〜4程度の酸性低張溶液、第二液に溶液をpH6〜8程度の中性に戻すという酸性低張溶液を用いる方法などが挙げられる。なかでも、塩化アンモニウムを主成分とする白血球にほとんど損傷を与えない溶血剤を使用する処理方法、または酸性低張溶液を用いる方法が好ましい。
塩化アンモニウムを主成分とする溶血剤には、任意にEDTA−4Naのようなキレート剤、炭酸水素カリウムのような電解質等を含むことができる。血液学的試料を塩化アンモニウムを主成分とする溶血剤で処理する際の混合比は、用いる血液学的試料の状態、溶血剤の濃度等により適宜調整することができるが、血液学的試料と溶血剤とが容量比で、例えば、1:10〜100程度が挙げられる。この際の反応温度、反応時間は血液学的試料と溶解剤との混合比などにより適宜調整することができるが、例えば、室温で数十秒から10分程度が好ましい。
【0010】
血液学的試料を上記処理に付した後、該試料を1回以上洗浄するのがさらに好ましい。洗浄は、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)、血漿、上記溶血剤等を該試料に加え、攪拌し、遠心分離した後に上清を除去することにより行うことができる。
【0011】
(2) 蛍光標識レクチンを反応させて、該試料中のリンパ球に結合させる工程。
蛍光標識レクチンのレクチン部分には、コンカナバリンA、ヨウシュチョウセシアサガオ、ニワトコ、E−PHA、L−PHA、コムギ胚(WGA)、ピーナッツ(PNA)、大豆(SBA)等を用いることができる。WGAは、リンパ球のT細胞のCD4陽性細胞およびCD8陽性細胞と特異的に結合することができる。
蛍光標識レクチンの蛍光部分には、フローサイトメトリーで検出可能なものであればよく、例えばフルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)、フィコエリスリン(PE)、アロフィコシアニン、テキサスレッド、PE−CY5、ペリジンクロロフィルプロテイン(PerCP)のような蛍光色素が挙げられる。
蛍光標識レクチンとしては、具体的には、FITC標識WGA、PE標識、WGA、FITC標識PNAなどが挙げられる。蛍光標識レクチンは、任意にBSA、デキストラン、ソルビトール等を添加したPBSや生理食塩水などの溶液にして用いるのが好ましい。
赤血球の影響を除去された該試料に、蛍光標識レクチンの溶液を加え、該試料中のリンパ球に蛍光標識レクチンを結合させる。該試料と蛍光標識レクチンの混合比は、用いる血液学的試料の状態、蛍光標識レクチンの種類等により適宜調整することができるが、血液学的試料と蛍光標識レクチンとが容量比で、例えば50:1〜2:1程度が挙げられる。この際の反応温度、反応時間は血液学的試料と蛍光標識レクチンの混合比などにより適宜調整することができるが、室温で15秒〜40分、冷却化で20秒から1時間、さらに好ましくは、室温で5分〜30分、冷却化で30分〜1時間程度が好ましい。
レクチンは、リンパ球サブセットの種類に応じて、特異的結合の強さが異なる。例えば、WGAはCD8陽性細胞に特異的強く結合し、CD4陽性細胞には弱く結合する。
【0012】
(3) 該試料をフローサイトメータに供して、少なくとも2つの異なる種類の光強度を測定する工程。
次に蛍光標識レクチンと結合したリンパ球を含む血液学的試料をフローサイトメータで測定する。フローサイトメータは一般に市販されているものであれば、特に限定されるものではなく、どのようなものでも使用することができる。
フローサイトメーターで検出するパラメータの光強度は、散乱光、例えば前方散乱光(FSC)および側方散乱光(SSC)、ならびに蛍光、たとえば緑蛍光、オレンジ蛍光、赤蛍光などの強度である。前方散乱光および側方散乱光の強度を検出するのが好ましい。
【0013】
(4) 測定した光強度からスキャッタグラムを作成し、該スキャッタグラム上の、リンパ球に相当する領域内の情報を抽出し、その情報を蛍光のヒストグラムに展開し、リンパ球の平均蛍光強度およびリンパ球の蛍光強度の変動係数を算出し、所定の各々の閾値と比較する工程。
得られた2つの光強度を用いてスキャッタグラムを作成する。例えば、前方散乱および側方散乱の強度を2軸とするスキャッタグラム、あるいは蛍光および側方散乱の強度を2軸とするスキャッタグラムを作成してもよい。
別途、単離精製したリンパ球サブセットの細胞を同条件下で処理し、それぞれについてスキャッタグラムを作成して、リンパ球サブセットの細胞の出現する領域をあらかじめ分画しておく。
そのようにして得た相当するリンパ球サブセットの細胞領域を、前記工程で作成した該試料のスキャッタグラム上に分画して情報を抽出する。
抽出したリンパ球サブセットの細胞領域について、それぞれの蛍光強度と細胞数を2軸とするヒストグラムを作成して、リンパ球サブセットの蛍光強度の変動係数(CV)および平均蛍光強度を求める。
【0014】
前述のように、レクチンは、リンパ球サブセットの種類に応じて、特異的結合の強さが異なる。例えば、WGAはCD8陽性細胞に特異的強く結合し、CD4陽性細胞には弱く結合する。従って、WGA標識の平均蛍光強度は、CD8陽性細胞が増加すると著しく増加し、CD4陽性細胞が増加すると平均蛍光強度は減少する。
健常者の血液学的試料中のリンパ球サブセット比は一定であり、例えば、CD4陽性細胞、CD8陽性細胞の総リンパ球に対する比率は、CD4陽性細胞で25〜60%、CD8陽性細胞で12〜36%である。蛍光色素で標識したWGAの蛍光強度のCVおよび平均蛍光強度は、CD4陽性細胞とCD8陽性細胞の比率によって決まるので、健常者については一定の範囲の値をとる。発明者らの実験によると、FITC標識したWGAの蛍光強度のCV平均は、85.5%(±11.9標準偏差)であった。また、その平均蛍光強度の平均は59.5ch(±15.3標準偏差)であった。
【0015】
ここで、リンパ球サブセットの異常を有する試料、例えばCD4陽性細胞またはCD8陽性細胞の存在比率が変化した試料の場合、蛍光標識レクチンの蛍光強度のCVまたは平均蛍光強度が大きく変化することになる。この蛍光標識レクチンの蛍光強度のCVあるいは平均蛍光強度について、一定の閾値を設けることにより、その閾値をはずれることが、リンパ球サブセット異常を意味することとなる。従って、本発明の方法により、極めて簡便にリンパ球サブセット異常を検出することができる。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に従って、本発明を説明するが、これにより本発明が限定されるものではない。
実施例1(リンパ球に対するWGA結合能の確認)
健常者の血液100μlをファルコンチューブに分注し、塩化アンモニウム溶液(KHCO3:1.0g、NH4Cl:8.26g、EDTA−4Na:0.037gを蒸留水で1Lにメスアップ)を3〜4ml添加した。攪拌機(ボルテックス(Voltex))で軽く攪拌後、5分間静置した。4℃、1600rpmで3分間遠心した。上清を除去し攪拌機で軽く攪拌した。PBS(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水)を2〜3ml添加し、良く攪拌した。4℃、1600rpmで3分間遠心した。上清を除去後、攪拌機で軽く攪拌した。そこへPBSを500μl添加した。
【0017】
阻害剤としてN−アセチル−D(+)−グルコサミン保存溶液(PBS中N−アセチル−D(+)−グルコサミンの0.15g/ml溶液)をそこへ75μl添加し、良く攪拌した。さらにWGA保存溶液(FITC標識WGA:SIGMA、L−4895;PBS中 Triticum Vulgaris の2mg/ml溶液)5μlを試料に添加して良く攪拌した。その後氷中で30分間静置した。フローサイトメーター(FACSキャリバー(FACSCalibur))を用いて、その試料の散乱光と蛍光を測定した。対照として、阻害剤の代わりにPBSを75μl添加した試料も調製し、同様に処理した。得られた散乱光と蛍光の情報を用い、前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムを作成してリンパ球領域を抽出した。 抽出したリンパ球領域を蛍光(FITCの蛍光)のヒストグラムに展開した。阻害剤を添加しないときのリンパ球領域の蛍光ヒストグラムを図1(a)に、阻害剤を添加したときのリンパ球の蛍光ヒストグラムを図1(b)に示す。
【0018】
実施例1の結果より、N−アセチル−D(+)−グルコサミンがWGAとリンパ球の結合を阻害していることが示された。文献などにより、N−アセチル−D(+)−グルコサミンはWGAと特異的に結合することが開示されている。従って、WGAがリンパ球の細胞膜上のN−アセチル−D(+)−グルコサミンに結合しうることが間接的に示された。また、血液学的試料を赤血球溶血処理および洗浄処理に付すのみで、レクチンであるWGAとリンパ球が好適に結合することが明らかとなった。
【0019】
実施例2(WGAとリンパ球サブセットとの結合関係)
健常者の血液100μlに、PerCP(ペリジンクロロフィルプロテイン)標識のCD4陽性細胞(Leu−3a,日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)を10μl添加した。試料を室温・暗所で15分間放置した後、試料に実施例1に記載した塩化アンモニウム溶液を2〜3ml添加した。攪拌機で軽く攪拌後、5分間静置した。1600rpm(4℃)で10分間遠心した。上清を除去し攪拌機で軽く攪拌した。WGA保存溶液(FITC標識WGA:SIGMA,L−4895;PBS中 Triticum Vulgaris の2mg/ml溶液)を試料に添加して良く攪拌した。その後氷中で30分間静置した。フローサイトメータ(FACSキャリバー)を用いて、その試料の散乱光と蛍光(PerCPの蛍光とFITCの蛍光の2種類)を測定した。得られた散乱光と蛍光の情報を用い、まず、前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムでリンパ球を分画した。分画したリンパ球をPerCPの蛍光ヒストグラムに展開し、CD4陽性細胞を分画した。さらに、分画したCD4陽性細胞をFITCの蛍光(WGAの蛍光強度)のヒストグラムに展開した。FITCの蛍光はWGA結合量を反映するものであるから、得られたヒストグラムから、CD4陽性細胞におけるWGAの結合量を求めることができる。最後に、CD4陽性細胞のWGAの平均蛍光強度も求めた。
【0020】
PerCP標識のCD4陽性細胞の代わりにPerCP標識のCD8陽性細胞(Leu−2a,日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)を用いた以外は、上記と同様に操作し、CD8陽性細胞のWGAの平均蛍光強度を求めた。
さらに、上記のCD4陽性細胞のWGAの平均蛍光強度を求めるのに使用したデータを用い、以下の方法で全リンパ球のWGAの平均蛍光強度を求めた。まず、上記と同様に前方散乱−側方散乱のサイトグラムでリンパ球を分画した。次に、分画したリンパ球(全リンパ球)をFITCの蛍光(WGAの蛍光強度)のヒストグラムに展開した。最後に、全リンパ球のWGAの平均蛍光強度を求めた。使用した試料と取得したデータは同じであるが、解析方法のみが異なる。
【0021】
健常者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムを図2(a)に示し、全リンパ球の蛍光(FITC)のヒストグラムを図2(b)に示し、CD4陽性細胞の蛍光(FITC)のヒストグラムを図2(c)に示し、CD8陽性細胞の蛍光(FITC)のヒストグラムを図2(d)に示す。図2(c)と(d)から得られたCD4陽性細胞とCD8陽性細胞の平均蛍光強度(FITC)と、図2(b)から得られた全リンパ球の平均蛍光強度(FITC)を以下の表1に示す。
【0022】
【表1】
【0023】
以上の結果により、WGAがCD4陽性細胞およびCD8陽性細胞に特異的に結合することが明らかとなった。
【0024】
実施例3(WGA蛍光強度CVとリンパ球サブセット比率(CD4/CD8比)の関係について)
健常者および疾患(ATL、LGLLまたはAML)を有する患者の血液100μlをファルコンチューブに分注し、実施例1に記載した塩化アンモニウム溶液を3〜4ml添加した。攪拌機で軽く攪拌後、5分間静置した。1600rpm(4℃)で3分間遠心した。上清を除去し攪拌機で軽く攪拌した。PBS(phosphate buffer saline)を2〜3ml添加し、良く攪拌した。1600rpm(4℃)で3分間遠心する。上清を除去後、攪拌機で軽く攪拌した。WGA stock sol. (FITC標識WGA:SIGMA,L−4895;Triticum Vulgaris を2mg/ml の濃度で PBSに溶解)5μlを添加し良く攪拌した。氷中で30分間静置した。FACSキャリバー(FACSCalibur)にて測定した。前方散乱−側方散乱のサイトグラムでリンパ球領域を抽出した。抽出したリンパ球領域をFITCの蛍光のヒストグラムに展開した。健常者および各疾患について、FITCの蛍光強度のCV値を求めた。
上記と同じ血液試料を用いて一般的な方法により、CD4陽性細胞比率、CD8陽性細胞比率およびCD4/CD8比率を測定した。これらの測定項目は、すでに既知であり、容易に測定しうる測定項目である。
【0025】
健常者および疾患(ATL、LGLLまたはAML)を有する患者の血液100μlをそれぞれファルコンチューブに分注した。PerCP標識のCD4(Leu−3a、日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)を10μl添加した。さらにFITC標識のCD8(Leu−2a、日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)を添加した。室温・暗所で15分間放置した。実施例1に記載した塩化アンモニウム溶液を2〜3ml添加した。攪拌機で軽く攪拌後、5分間静置した。1600rpm(4℃)で10分間遠心した。上清を除去し攪拌機で軽く攪拌した。約500μlの塩化アンモニウム溶液を添加し、フローサイトメータ(FACSキャリバー)を用いてその試料の散乱光と蛍光を測定した。得られた散乱光と蛍光の情報を用い、前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムを作成してリンパ球領域(全リンパ球)を分画した。分画したリンパ球をPerCP(およびFITC)の蛍光ヒストグラムに展開し、CD4(およびCD8)陽性細胞を分画する。リンパ球の細胞数からCD4(およびCD8)陽性細胞比率を求めた。CD4陽性細胞比率は、(CD4陽性細胞数/全リンパ球数)×100(%)で求められる。
【0026】
健常者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムを図3(a)と(c)に、対応する全リンパ球領域の蛍光(FITC)のヒストグラムを図3(b)と(d)に示す。ATL患者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムを図4(a)に、対応する全リンパ球領域の蛍光(FITC)のヒストグラムを図4(b)に示す。LGLL患者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムを図4(c)に、対応する全リンパ球領域の蛍光(FITC)のヒストグラムを図4(d)に示す。AML患者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラムを図4(e)に、対応する全リンパ球領域の蛍光(FITC)のヒストグラムを図4(f)に示す。
図3(b)、(d)および図4(b)、(d)、(f)から得られた全リンパ球領域の蛍光強度のCVを下の表2に示す。合わせて、それぞれの血液試料について、別途測定したCD4陽性細胞比率とCD8陽性細胞比率、およびCD4/CD8比率を表2に示す。
【0027】
WGA蛍光強度CVとリンパ球サブセット比率(CD4/CD8比)の関係
【表2】
【0028】
ATL、CLL、ALL、MDSなどの疾患を有する患者のリンパ球サブセット比は、ほとんどの場合異常値を示す。実施例3のCD4/CD8比率もATL:58.1、LGLL:125.7、AML:0.7と顕著な異常値を示した。健常者1、2のCD4/CD8比率はそれぞれ、2.7、2.1と正常範囲内であった。本発明者らの実験から、健常者のWGA蛍光強度CVの平均は、85.5%(±11.9標準偏差)であった。実施例3のATL、LGLL、AMLのWGA蛍光強度CVは、それぞれ、54%、48%、57%となり、健常者のWGA蛍光強度CVの平均から大きく乖離していた。従って、WGA蛍光強度のCV値が85.5%という閾値から外れる試料については、リンパ球サブセット異常が生じていることが簡便に検出できることが示された。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
上記のように、血液学的試料を赤血球の影響を除去する処理に付す本発明の方法により、モノクローナル抗体を用いず、かつ血液学的試料から単核球を分離しなくても、簡便にリンパ球サブセットの異常を検査することが可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)阻害剤不在下の全リンパ球領域の蛍光(WGA)ヒストグラム、(b)阻害剤存在下の全リンパ球領域の蛍光(WGA)ヒストグラムを示す。
【図2】(a)健常者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラム、(b)全リンパ球のFITC蛍光(WGA)のヒストグラム、(c)CD4陽性細胞のFITC蛍光(WGA)ヒストグラム、(d)CD8陽性細胞のFITC蛍光(WGA)ヒストグラムを示す。
【図3】(a)健常者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラム、(b)(a)から抽出した全リンパ球領域のFITC蛍光(WGA)のヒストグラム、(c)健常者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラム、(d)(c)から抽出した全リンパ球領域のFITC蛍光(WGA)のヒストグラムを示す。
【図4】(a)ATL患者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラム、(b)(a)から抽出した全リンパ球領域のFITC蛍光(WGA)のヒストグラム、(c)LGLL患者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラム、(d)(c)から抽出した全リンパ球領域のFITC蛍光(WGA)のヒストグラム、(e)AML患者の前方散乱−側方散乱のスキャッタグラム、(f)(c)から抽出した全リンパ球領域のFITC蛍光(WGA)のヒストグラムを示す。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for detecting an abnormality in a lymphocyte subset. More specifically, by using a lectin labeled with a fluorescent dye or the like, the lymphocyte subset contained in the hematological sample is specifically discriminated, and the obtained labeled signal such as fluorescence is analyzed to obtain the lymphocyte subset. The present invention relates to a method for easily detecting an abnormality.
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art
Peripheral blood lymphocytes increase or decrease due to various diseases or drug administration. Lymphocytes include a subset of T cells and B cells. T cells and B cells are responsible for cellular immunity and humoral immunity, respectively, and in particular, T cells are important as the center of the immune response. Therefore, in blood / immune diseases, allergic diseases, and infectious diseases, it is becoming indispensable to know both trends in diagnosis and treatment.
T cells are pleural lymphocytes and are mainly involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity, graft-versus-host rejection, and the like. The subsets of T cells that are frequently searched in clinical tests are CD3-positive cells (total number of mature T lymphocytes), CD4-positive cells (immune-assisted T lymphocytes, helper T cells, Th), and CD8-positive cells (immunosuppressive T lymphocytes). Sphere, suppressorT cell, Ts).
B cells differentiate into forming cells with bone marrow-derived lymphocytes and produce immunoglobulins. T cells and B cells work together to form an immune network.
[0003]
It is known that when a disease is caused, an immune response in a living body is enhanced, and the lymphocyte subset is increased or decreased. Infectious disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), immunodeficiency, chronic hepatitis, etc., as major diseases with T cells decreasing, such as infectious mononucleosis, T cell leukemia, etc. Are known. Further, major diseases in which B cells are increased, such as B-cell leukemia and thymic aplasia, and severe diseases in which B cells are decreased, such as severe combined immunodeficiency, are known.
[0004]
Currently, the mainstream of the lymphocyte subset test for determining the ratio of these lymphocyte subsets is a cytoimmunological method using flow cytometry. In that method, various monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize a cell surface antigen are used. Monoclonal antibodies generally used as T cell subset testing antibodies include CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD56, and the like. In the method using flow cytometry, those in which these antibodies are labeled in advance with a fluorescent dye or the like are used. A monoclonal antibody that is labeled and corresponds to the lymphocyte subset to be measured is added to the sample, and the antibody is allowed to bind to the lymphocytes in the sample. The sample containing the labeled lymphocytes is measured with a flow cytometer. A scattergram is created using the information of the scattered light and the fluorescence obtained by the measurement to extract a region of the lymphocyte subset, and the lymphocyte subset is examined by measurement.
In the case of this method, it is difficult to reduce the cost of the test because the monoclonal antibody used for each lymphocyte subset measurement is expensive. Testing using such an expensive reagent, a monoclonal antibody, is a major issue in terms of price in an environment where medical expenses are being reduced. Furthermore, lymphocyte subset testing has been clinically established and is now widely performed.However, in addition to the cost of test reagents, there are also problems such as high labor costs for measurement and complicated procedures. is there.
[0005]
On the other hand, there is a method using a lectin as a T cell subset test.
Generally, lectin is used as a generic term for substances having specific binding activity to sugar, among proteins or glycoproteins present in plants, animals, microorganisms and the like. Clinical applications include blood type identification by identifying sugar chains on the surface of red blood cells, lymphocyte blastogenesis tests, and various immunosuppressive and immunotherapy effects.
The lectin T cell subset test is a method for testing CD8 and CD16 cells using WGA (wheat embryo) (T. Toge et al., Surgery Today, Jpn J Surg (1993) 23: 765-770) and peripheral lymphocytes using WGA. (DH Boldt et al., Cancer (1983) 51: 2083-2089) and the like are known. However, both methods may react with WGA because erythrocytes and the like have sugar chains on the surface, and therefore, for T cell subset examination, mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) are obtained from hematological samples. An operation to isolate only the essential is indispensable, and the operation is very complicated. For example, when a commercially available lymphocyte separation solution is used, pretreatment alone requires nearly two hours including centrifugation and subsequent washing. Therefore, it is practically impossible to apply these methods as a clinical test in terms of cost effectiveness.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of repeated studies under various conditions, we have found a method that allows fluorescently labeled lectins to bind to lymphocyte subsets without the need to separate monocytes from hematological samples. . Specifically, selective binding of a fluorescently labeled lectin to a subset of lymphocytes can be achieved in a short time only by subjecting the hematological sample to a treatment that removes the effects of red blood cells, and that this binding is stable. Have confirmed. Using this finding, the present inventors have found a method for simply examining lymphocyte subset abnormalities without using a monoclonal antibody and without separating mononuclear cells from a hematological sample.
[0007]
According to the present invention,
(1) subjecting the hematological sample to a process that removes the effects of red blood cells from the sample;
(2) reacting the fluorescent-labeled lectin to bind to lymphocytes in the sample,
(3) subjecting the sample to a flow cytometer to measure at least two different types of light intensity;
(4) A scattergram is created from the measured light intensity, information in a region corresponding to a lymphocyte on the scattergram is extracted, and the information is developed into a fluorescence histogram, and the average fluorescence intensity of the lymphocyte and Calculating the coefficient of variation of the fluorescence intensity of the lymphocytes and comparing them with predetermined respective thresholds,
Methods for detecting abnormalities in a lymphocyte subset are provided.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the lymphocyte subset is not limited to T cells or B cells, but is preferably a T cell subset, and more preferably a CD4 positive cell and a CD8 positive cell.
(1) A step of subjecting a hematological sample to a process for removing the effects of red blood cells from the sample.
The hematological sample in the present invention is a peripheral sample of an animal, particularly a human, or a biological sample mainly composed of blood cells such as a bone marrow aspirate, preferably a venous blood sample treated with an anticoagulant. It is. Moreover, you may dilute with the aqueous solution containing an anticoagulant etc. Although it does not specifically limit as an anticoagulant, For example, heparin, citric acid, a citrate, etc. can be used. The dilution ratio when diluting with an aqueous solution is appropriately about 5 to 100 times (volume), and preferably about 10 to 50 times.
[0009]
Since lectin has an activity of specifically binding to sugar chains, in the method of the present invention, the effect of erythrocytes having sugar chains on the cell surface other than lymphocytes is removed, that is, treatment is performed so that erythrocytes do not bind to lectins. There is a need.
The treatment for removing the effect of red blood cells from the hematological sample may be any treatment that basically does not damage white blood cells and prevents lectin from reacting with red blood cells during measurement. Commonly used methods include a treatment method using a hemolytic agent that hardly damages leukocytes containing ammonium chloride as a main component, an acidic hypotonic solution having a pH of about 2 to 4 in a first solution, and a second solution. And a method using an acidic hypotonic solution for returning the solution to a neutral pH of about 6 to 8. Among them, a treatment method using a hemolytic agent that causes almost no damage to leukocytes containing ammonium chloride as a main component, or a method using an acidic hypotonic solution is preferable.
The hemolytic agent containing ammonium chloride as a main component may optionally contain a chelating agent such as EDTA-4Na, an electrolyte such as potassium bicarbonate, and the like. The mixing ratio when the hematological sample is treated with the hemolytic agent containing ammonium chloride as a main component can be appropriately adjusted depending on the condition of the hematological sample used, the concentration of the hemolytic agent, and the like. The ratio of the hemolytic agent to the hemolytic agent is, for example, about 1:10 to 100. The reaction temperature and the reaction time at this time can be appropriately adjusted depending on the mixing ratio of the hematological sample and the lysing agent, and are preferably, for example, about several tens seconds to about 10 minutes at room temperature.
[0010]
More preferably, after the hematological sample has been subjected to the above treatment, the sample is washed one or more times. Washing can be performed by adding phosphate buffered saline (PBS), plasma, the above hemolytic agent, etc. to the sample, stirring, centrifuging, and removing the supernatant.
[0011]
(2) a step of reacting the fluorescent-labeled lectin to bind to lymphocytes in the sample;
As the lectin portion of the fluorescent-labeled lectin, concanavalin A, Acacia chinensis, elderberry, E-PHA, L-PHA, wheat embryo (WGA), peanut (PNA), soybean (SBA), and the like can be used. WGA can specifically bind to CD4-positive cells and CD8-positive cells of lymphocyte T cells.
The fluorescent portion of the fluorescent-labeled lectin may be any that can be detected by flow cytometry. For example, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), allophycocyanin, Texas Red, PE-CY5, peridine chlorophyll Fluorescent dyes such as protein (PerCP) are included.
Specific examples of the fluorescent-labeled lectin include FITC-labeled WGA, PE-labeled, WGA, and FITC-labeled PNA. The fluorescent-labeled lectin is preferably used in the form of a solution such as PBS or physiological saline to which BSA, dextran, sorbitol or the like is optionally added.
A solution of a fluorescently-labeled lectin is added to the sample from which the influence of erythrocytes has been removed, and the fluorescently-labeled lectin is bound to lymphocytes in the sample. The mixing ratio between the sample and the fluorescent-labeled lectin can be appropriately adjusted depending on the condition of the hematological sample to be used, the type of the fluorescent-labeled lectin, and the like. : About 1 to 2: 1. At this time, the reaction temperature and the reaction time can be appropriately adjusted depending on the mixing ratio of the hematological sample and the fluorescent-labeled lectin, and the like. The temperature is preferably from 5 minutes to 30 minutes at room temperature, and from 30 minutes to 1 hour at cooling.
Lectins have different specific binding strengths depending on the type of lymphocyte subset. For example, WGA binds specifically and strongly to CD8 positive cells and weakly to CD4 positive cells.
[0012]
(3) subjecting the sample to a flow cytometer to measure at least two different types of light intensity.
Next, a hematological sample containing lymphocytes bound to the fluorescently labeled lectin is measured with a flow cytometer. The flow cytometer is not particularly limited as long as it is generally commercially available, and any type can be used.
The light intensity of the parameter detected by the flow cytometer is the intensity of scattered light such as forward scattered light (FSC) and side scattered light (SSC), and the intensity of fluorescence such as green fluorescence, orange fluorescence, and red fluorescence. It is preferable to detect the intensity of forward scattered light and side scattered light.
[0013]
(4) A scattergram is created from the measured light intensity, information in a region corresponding to a lymphocyte on the scattergram is extracted, and the information is developed into a fluorescence histogram, and the average fluorescence intensity of lymphocytes and Calculating a coefficient of variation of the fluorescence intensity of the lymphocyte and comparing it with each of predetermined threshold values.
A scattergram is created using the obtained two light intensities. For example, a scattergram having two axes of the intensity of forward scattering and side scatter or a scattergram having two axes of intensity of fluorescence and side scatter may be created.
Separately, cells of the isolated and purified lymphocyte subset are treated under the same conditions, a scattergram is prepared for each, and the region where the cells of the lymphocyte subset appear is fractionated in advance.
The cell region of the corresponding lymphocyte subset thus obtained is fractionated on the scattergram of the sample prepared in the above step to extract information.
With respect to the cell region of the extracted lymphocyte subset, a histogram having two axes of each fluorescence intensity and cell number is created, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the fluorescence intensity of the lymphocyte subset and the average fluorescence intensity are obtained.
[0014]
As described above, lectins have different specific binding strengths depending on the type of lymphocyte subset. For example, WGA binds specifically and strongly to CD8 positive cells and weakly to CD4 positive cells. Therefore, the average fluorescence intensity of the WGA label increases significantly as the number of CD8-positive cells increases, and decreases as the number of CD4-positive cells increases.
The lymphocyte subset ratio in a hematological sample of a healthy person is constant. For example, the ratio of CD4 positive cells and CD8 positive cells to total lymphocytes is 25 to 60% for CD4 positive cells and 12 to 60% for CD8 positive cells. 36%. The CV of fluorescence intensity and the average fluorescence intensity of WGA labeled with a fluorescent dye are determined by the ratio of CD4-positive cells to CD8-positive cells, and therefore take a certain range of values for healthy subjects. According to experiments by the inventors, the CV average of the fluorescence intensity of FITC-labeled WGA was 85.5% (± 11.9 standard deviation). The average of the average fluorescence intensity was 59.5 ch (± 15.3 standard deviation).
[0015]
Here, in the case of a sample having an abnormal lymphocyte subset, for example, a sample in which the proportion of CD4-positive cells or CD8-positive cells has changed, the CV of the fluorescent intensity of the fluorescent-labeled lectin or the average fluorescent intensity changes significantly. By setting a certain threshold value for the CV or the average fluorescence intensity of the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent-labeled lectin, deviation from the threshold value means an abnormal lymphocyte subset. Therefore, the method of the present invention enables extremely simple detection of lymphocyte subset abnormality.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1 (Confirmation of WGA binding ability to lymphocytes)
100 μl of a healthy person's blood was dispensed into a Falcon tube, and ammonium chloride solution (KHCO 3 : 1.0 g, NH 4 Cl: 8.26 g, EDTA-4Na: 0.037 g was made up to 1 L with distilled water). 44 ml was added. After gently stirring with a stirrer (Vortex), the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes. Centrifugation was performed at 4 ° C. and 1600 rpm for 3 minutes. The supernatant was removed and gently stirred with a stirrer. 2 to 3 ml of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) was added, and the mixture was stirred well. Centrifugation was performed at 4 ° C. and 1600 rpm for 3 minutes. After removing the supernatant, the mixture was gently stirred with a stirrer. 500 μl of PBS was added thereto.
[0017]
75 μl of N-acetyl-D (+)-glucosamine stock solution (0.15 g / ml solution of N-acetyl-D (+)-glucosamine in PBS) was added thereto as an inhibitor, and the mixture was stirred well. Further, 5 μl of a WGA stock solution (FITC-labeled WGA: SIGMA, L-4895; 2 mg / ml solution of Triticum Vulgaris in PBS) was added to the sample, and the mixture was stirred well. Then, it was left still for 30 minutes in ice. The scattered light and fluorescence of the sample were measured using a flow cytometer (FACSCalibur). As a control, a sample to which 75 μl of PBS was added instead of the inhibitor was also prepared and treated in the same manner. Using the obtained scattered light and fluorescence information, a scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter was created to extract a lymphocyte region. The extracted lymphocyte region was developed into a fluorescence (FITC fluorescence) histogram. FIG. 1 (a) shows a fluorescence histogram of the lymphocyte region when the inhibitor is not added, and FIG. 1 (b) shows a fluorescence histogram of the lymphocyte when the inhibitor is added.
[0018]
The results of Example 1 showed that N-acetyl-D (+)-glucosamine inhibited the binding between WGA and lymphocytes. The literature discloses that N-acetyl-D (+)-glucosamine specifically binds to WGA. Therefore, it was indirectly shown that WGA can bind to N-acetyl-D (+)-glucosamine on the cell membrane of lymphocytes. Further, it was revealed that WGA as a lectin and lymphocytes were preferably bound only by subjecting a hematological sample to erythrocyte hemolysis and washing.
[0019]
Example 2 (Binding relationship between WGA and lymphocyte subset)
To 100 μl of healthy human blood, 10 μl of PerCP (peridine chlorophyll protein) -labeled CD4-positive cells (Leu-3a, manufactured by Becton Dickinson Japan) was added. After the sample was left in a dark place at room temperature for 15 minutes, 2-3 ml of the ammonium chloride solution described in Example 1 was added to the sample. After gently stirring with a stirrer, the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes. Centrifuged at 1600 rpm (4 ° C.) for 10 minutes. The supernatant was removed and gently stirred with a stirrer. A WGA stock solution (FITC-labeled WGA: SIGMA, L-4895; 2 mg / ml solution of Triticum Vulgaris in PBS) was added to the sample and stirred well. Then, it was left still for 30 minutes in ice. Using a flow cytometer (FACS caliber), the scattered light and the fluorescence (two types of fluorescence of PerCP and fluorescence of FITC) of the sample were measured. First, lymphocytes were fractionated by forward scatter-side scattergram using the obtained scattered light and fluorescence information. The fractionated lymphocytes were developed on a PerCP fluorescence histogram, and CD4-positive cells were fractionated. Further, the fractionated CD4-positive cells were developed in a histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA fluorescence intensity). Since the fluorescence of FITC reflects the amount of WGA binding, the amount of WGA binding in CD4-positive cells can be determined from the obtained histogram. Finally, the average fluorescence intensity of WGA of CD4-positive cells was also determined.
[0020]
The average fluorescence intensity of WGA of CD8-positive cells was determined in the same manner as above, except that PerCP-labeled CD8-positive cells (Leu-2a, manufactured by Becton Dickinson Japan) were used instead of PerCP-labeled CD4-positive cells. I asked.
Further, using the data used to determine the average fluorescence intensity of WGA of the above CD4 positive cells, the average fluorescence intensity of WGA of all lymphocytes was determined by the following method. First, lymphocytes were fractionated by forward scatter-side scatter cytogram as described above. Next, the fractionated lymphocytes (total lymphocytes) were developed into a histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA fluorescence intensity). Finally, the average fluorescence intensity of WGA of all lymphocytes was determined. The sample used and the acquired data are the same, but only the analysis method is different.
[0021]
A scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter of a healthy subject is shown in FIG. 2 (a), a histogram of fluorescence (FITC) of all lymphocytes is shown in FIG. 2 (b), and a histogram of fluorescence (FITC) of CD4-positive cells. Is shown in FIG. 2 (c), and the histogram of fluorescence (FITC) of CD8-positive cells is shown in FIG. 2 (d). The average fluorescence intensity (FITC) of CD4-positive cells and CD8-positive cells obtained from FIGS. 2 (c) and (d) and the average fluorescence intensity (FITC) of all lymphocytes obtained from FIG. 2 (b) are as follows. Is shown in Table 1.
[0022]
[Table 1]
[0023]
The above results revealed that WGA specifically binds to CD4-positive cells and CD8-positive cells.
[0024]
Example 3 (Relationship between WGA fluorescence intensity CV and lymphocyte subset ratio (CD4 / CD8 ratio))
100 μl of blood of a healthy person and a patient having a disease (ATL, LGLL or AML) was dispensed into a Falcon tube, and 3 to 4 ml of the ammonium chloride solution described in Example 1 was added. After gently stirring with a stirrer, the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes. Centrifuged at 1600 rpm (4 ° C.) for 3 minutes. The supernatant was removed and gently stirred with a stirrer. 2 to 3 ml of PBS (phosphate buffer saline) was added, and the mixture was stirred well. Centrifuge at 1600 rpm (4 ° C.) for 3 minutes. After removing the supernatant, the mixture was gently stirred with a stirrer. WGA stock sol. (FITC-labeled WGA: SIGMA, L-4895; Triticum Vulgaris dissolved in PBS at a concentration of 2 mg / ml in PBS) was added and mixed well. Let stand on ice for 30 minutes. It was measured on a FACSCalibur. Lymphocyte areas were extracted from forward scatter-side scatter cytograms. The extracted lymphocyte region was developed into a histogram of FITC fluorescence. The CV value of the fluorescence intensity of FITC was determined for healthy subjects and each disease.
The CD4 positive cell ratio, CD8 positive cell ratio and CD4 / CD8 ratio were measured by a general method using the same blood sample as described above. These measurement items are already known and can be easily measured.
[0025]
100 μl of blood of a healthy person and a patient having a disease (ATL, LGLL or AML) was dispensed into a Falcon tube, respectively. 10 μl of PerCP-labeled CD4 (Leu-3a, manufactured by Becton Dickinson Japan) was added. Further, FITC-labeled CD8 (Leu-2a, manufactured by Becton Dickinson Japan) was added. It was left for 15 minutes at room temperature in a dark place. 2-3 ml of the ammonium chloride solution described in Example 1 was added. After gently stirring with a stirrer, the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes. Centrifuged at 1600 rpm (4 ° C.) for 10 minutes. The supernatant was removed and gently stirred with a stirrer. About 500 μl of ammonium chloride solution was added, and the scattered light and fluorescence of the sample were measured using a flow cytometer (FACS caliber). Using the obtained information on the scattered light and the fluorescence, a scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter was prepared to fractionate the lymphocyte region (total lymphocytes). The fractionated lymphocytes are developed on a PerCP (and FITC) fluorescence histogram, and CD4 (and CD8) positive cells are fractionated. The CD4 (and CD8) positive cell ratio was determined from the lymphocyte cell count. The ratio of CD4 positive cells is determined by (the number of CD4 positive cells / the total number of lymphocytes) × 100 (%).
[0026]
FIGS. 3A and 3C show scattergrams of forward scatter and side scatter of healthy subjects, and FIGS. 3B and 3D show the corresponding histograms of fluorescence (FITC) of all lymphocyte regions. FIG. 4A shows a scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter of an ATL patient, and FIG. 4B shows a histogram of the corresponding fluorescence (FITC) of all lymphocyte regions. FIG. 4 (c) shows a scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter of an LGLL patient, and FIG. 4 (d) shows a histogram of the corresponding fluorescence (FITC) of all lymphocyte regions. FIG. 4 (e) shows a scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter of an AML patient, and FIG. 4 (f) shows a corresponding histogram of fluorescence (FITC) of all lymphocyte regions.
Table 2 below shows the CV of the fluorescence intensity of the whole lymphocyte region obtained from FIGS. 3 (b) and (d) and FIGS. 4 (b), (d) and (f). In addition, Table 2 shows the CD4 positive cell ratio, CD8 positive cell ratio, and CD4 / CD8 ratio separately measured for each blood sample.
[0027]
Table 2 Relationship between WGA fluorescence intensity CV and lymphocyte subset ratio (CD4 / CD8 ratio)
[0028]
Lymphocyte subset ratios in patients with diseases such as ATL, CLL, ALL, MDS, etc., usually show abnormal values. The CD4 / CD8 ratio of Example 3 also showed remarkable abnormal values such as ATL: 58.1, LGLL: 125.7, and AML: 0.7. The CD4 / CD8 ratio of healthy subjects 1 and 2 was 2.7 and 2.1, respectively, which were within the normal range. From the experiments of the present inventors, the average of the WGA fluorescence intensity CV of a healthy person was 85.5% (± 11.9 standard deviation). The WGA fluorescence intensities CV of ATL, LGLL, and AML of Example 3 were 54%, 48%, and 57%, respectively, which were significantly different from the average of the WGA fluorescence intensities CV of healthy subjects. Therefore, it was shown that a sample in which the CV value of the WGA fluorescence intensity deviated from the threshold value of 85.5% can easily detect the occurrence of lymphocyte subset abnormality.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the method of the present invention in which a hematological sample is subjected to a treatment for removing the effects of red blood cells can be easily performed without using monoclonal antibodies and separating monocytes from the hematological sample. It is now possible to test for abnormalities in the sphere subset.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows (a) a fluorescence (WGA) histogram of the whole lymphocyte region in the absence of the inhibitor, and (b) a fluorescence (WGA) histogram of the whole lymphocyte region in the presence of the inhibitor.
FIG. 2 (a) Scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter of a healthy person, (b) histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA) of all lymphocytes, (c) FITC fluorescence (WGA) histogram of CD4-positive cells, ( d) FITC fluorescence (WGA) histogram of CD8 positive cells is shown.
FIG. 3 (a) Scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter of a healthy person, (b) histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA) of all lymphocyte regions extracted from (a), (c) forward scatter of a healthy person -Scattergram of side scatter, (d) shows histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA) of all lymphocyte regions extracted from (c).
FIG. 4 (a) Scattergram of forward scatter-side scatter of ATL patient, (b) Histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA) of whole lymphocyte region extracted from (a), (c) Forward scatter of LGLL patient -Scattergram of side scatter, (d) Histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA) of whole lymphocyte area extracted from (c), (e) Forward scatter of AML patient-scattergram of side scatter, (f) ( 13 shows a histogram of FITC fluorescence (WGA) of the whole lymphocyte region extracted from c).
Claims (5)
(2) 蛍光標識レクチンを反応させて、該試料中のリンパ球に結合させ、
(3) 該試料をフローサイトメータに供して、少なくとも2つの異なる種類の光強度を測定し、
(4) 測定した光強度からスキャッタグラムを作成し、該スキャッタグラム上の、リンパ球に相当する領域内の情報を抽出し、その情報を蛍光のヒストグラムに展開し、リンパ球の平均蛍光強度およびリンパ球の蛍光強度の変動係数を算出し、所定の各々の閾値と比較することからなる、
リンパ球サブセットの異常を検出する方法。(1) subjecting the hematological sample to a process that removes the effects of red blood cells from the sample;
(2) reacting the fluorescent-labeled lectin to bind to lymphocytes in the sample,
(3) subjecting the sample to a flow cytometer to measure at least two different types of light intensity;
(4) A scattergram is created from the measured light intensity, information in a region corresponding to a lymphocyte on the scattergram is extracted, and the information is developed into a fluorescence histogram, and the average fluorescence intensity of the lymphocyte and Calculating the coefficient of variation of the fluorescence intensity of the lymphocytes and comparing them with predetermined respective thresholds,
A method for detecting abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets.
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| JP4659146B2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-03-30 | シスメックス株式会社 | Blood analyzer and blood analysis method |
| CN102472738A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2012-05-23 | 希森美康株式会社 | Blood analyzer and blood analyzing method |
| US8524505B2 (en) | 2009-07-03 | 2013-09-03 | Sysmex Corporation | Blood analyzer and blood analyzing method |
| CN119959531A (en) * | 2025-02-07 | 2025-05-09 | 首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院 | A method for detecting the percentage level and mean fluorescence intensity of different types of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in a blood sample |
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