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JP2004015150A - Ultrasonic sensor - Google Patents

Ultrasonic sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004015150A
JP2004015150A JP2002162476A JP2002162476A JP2004015150A JP 2004015150 A JP2004015150 A JP 2004015150A JP 2002162476 A JP2002162476 A JP 2002162476A JP 2002162476 A JP2002162476 A JP 2002162476A JP 2004015150 A JP2004015150 A JP 2004015150A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
elastic member
ultrasonic sensor
cylindrical case
fitted
directivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2002162476A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4019799B2 (en
Inventor
Shinji Amaike
天池 信二
Junji Ota
太田 順司
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002162476A priority Critical patent/JP4019799B2/en
Publication of JP2004015150A publication Critical patent/JP2004015150A/en
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Publication of JP4019799B2 publication Critical patent/JP4019799B2/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/18Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings
    • G10K9/22Mountings; Casings

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrasonic sensor capable of clearly pointing out the directivity externally and configured to considerably improve the reverberation characteristic. <P>SOLUTION: The ultrasonic sensor 1 includes: a piezoelectric element 2; a cylindrical case 3 to which a container recessed part 5 for containing the piezoelectric element 2 is formed and not provided with an identification section indicating the directivity; and an elastic member 4 fitted to the cylindrical case 3 to block an opening face of the container recessed part 5. The elastic member 4 is provided with the identification section 6 indicating the directivity. The elastic member 4 is formed with a connection projection section 7 inserted to the container recessed part 5 and fitted to each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は超音波センサにかかり、特には、その指向性を明示するための構造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、自動車のバンパーなどに取り付けられて車両の後方部やコーナー部の障害物を検知する障害物検知装置のうちには、送信した超音波信号が障害物で反射されてくるのを受信する超音波センサを利用したものがあり、その一例としては、特開平10−332817号公報で開示されたものがある。すなわち、この超音波センサ21は、図8(a)で正面図、図8(b)で側面図、図8(c)で背面図をそれぞれ示すように、圧電素子22と、この圧電素子22を収納するアルミニウム合金製などの筒状ケース23とを備えている。
【0003】
そして、圧電素子22は、電圧の印加に伴う圧電効果でもって振動することにより超音波信号を送信し、かつ、超音波信号の受信に伴う逆圧電効果によって電圧を発生するものであり、この圧電素子22は、平面形状が円形状とされた筒状ケース23に形成された収納用凹部24内、つまり、その底面である振動面24aの内面上に固着されている。また、車両外部の障害物を検知する場合にあっては、地面を検知しないようにしながら水平方向の検知範囲を広くする必要があるため、収納用凹部24の平面形状を長円形状、つまり、垂直方向(図では、Xで示す)の長さが水平方向(図では、Yで示す)の長さよりも長い長円形状とし、超音波センサ21の指向性を垂直方向では狭くして水平方向では広く設定することが行われている。
【0004】
さらに、この際における筒状ケース23の両側面には、圧電素子22を収納する収納用凹部24の平面形状に対応したうえで超音波センサ21の指向性を示すことになる識別部としての平面部25が切削加工でもって形成されており、これらの平面部25によっては、垂直方向Xでは狭くなり、かつ、水平方向Yでは広くなった超音波センサ21の指向性が示されている。なお、図示省略するが、収納用凹部24内に防湿用樹脂などが充填された超音波センサ21は、防振用の弾性部材を介したうえで自動車のバンパーなどに取り付けられる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、前記従来の形態にかかる超音波センサ21においては、指向性を示す識別部となる平面部25が筒状ケース23の両側面に対して直接的に設けられているため、これらの平面部25が設けられた筒状ケース23の側面部分にあっては厚みtが薄くなる。従って、筒状ケース23における振動面23aの振動が厚みtの薄い筒状ケース23の側面部分へと伝わりやすくなり、従来の形態にかかる構造を採用している限りは、超音波センサ21の有する残響特性が悪化することが起こってしまうという不都合が生じる。
【0006】
これに対し、残響特性の悪化を回避するため、筒状ケース23の両側面に平面部25を設けないのでは、超音波センサ21の有する指向性が外部に対して明示されないことになってしまう。そして、超音波センサ21の指向性が外部に明示されていないと、指向性を誤らないようにしながら超音波センサ21を自動車のバンパーなどに取り付ける作業が著しく困難となる結果、取り付け完了後における超音波センサ21の指向性が誤っていることもなりかねないのが実状である。
【0007】
本発明はこれらの不都合に鑑みて創案されたものであり、外部に対して指向性を明示することが可能であるとともに、残響特性を大幅に改善することができる超音波センサの提供を目的としている。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明にかかる超音波センサは、圧電素子と、この圧電素子を収納する収納用凹部が形成された筒状ケースと、この筒状ケースに外嵌されて前記収納用凹部の開口面を閉塞する弾性部材とを備えており、この弾性部材には、指向性を示す識別部が設けられていることを特徴とする。そして、ここでの識別部は、前記収納用凹部の平面形状に対応したうえで位置決めされている。
【0009】
請求項1に記載の超音波センサでは、指向性を示す識別部が設けられていない筒状ケースに対し、指向性を示す識別部が設けられた弾性部材を嵌合しており、この筒状ケースと弾性部材とが互いに一体化されている。そこで、超音波センサの外部に対しては、弾性部材の識別部でもって指向性が明示されることになる。また、この構造であれば、筒状ケースそのものに識別部を設けておく必要がなくなり、その結果として筒状ケースの側面部分の厚みが薄くなることも起こらないので、超音波センサの残響特性が大幅に改善されるという利点も確保される。
【0010】
請求項2の発明にかかる超音波センサは請求項1に記載したものであり、前記弾性部材は、前記筒状ケースに外嵌されていることを特徴とする。すなわち、弾性部材は筒状ケースに嵌合されていればよく、内嵌されていてもよいが、筒状ケースに外嵌されている場合の方が弾性部材に設けられて指向性を示す識別部が外部から見やすくなる。
【0011】
請求項3の発明にかかる超音波センサは請求項1または請求項2に記載したものであり、前記弾性部材には前記収納用凹部に内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする。
【0012】
請求項4の発明にかかる超音波センサは請求項1または請求項2に記載したものであり、前記筒状ケースには連結用凹部が形成される一方、前記弾性部材には前記連結用凹部に内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする。
【0013】
請求項5の発明にかかる超音波センサは請求項1または請求項2に記載したものであり、前記筒状ケースには連結用凸部が形成される一方、前記弾性部材には前記連結用凸部が内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凹部が形成されていることを特徴とする。
【0014】
請求項3〜請求項5に記載の構造である場合には、識別部が設けられた弾性部材を位置決めしたうえで筒状ケースへと外嵌することが可能となり、弾性部材と筒状ケースとを一体化することが極めて容易になる。その結果、請求項1に記載した構造による利点を確保しやすいこととなる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0016】
(実施の形態1)
図1は実施の形態1にかかる超音波センサの正面構造及び側面構造、背面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図1(a)は超音波センサの正面図、図1(b)は超音波センサの側面図、図1(c)は超音波センサの背面図である。そして、図2は超音波センサが備えている筒状ケースの背面構造及び弾性部材の正面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図2(a)は筒状ケースの背面図、図2(b)は弾性部材の正面図である。
【0017】
また、図3は超音波センサの残響特性を示す説明図である一方、図4は変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図4(a)は第1の変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面図、図4(b)は第2の変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面図、図4(c)は第3の変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面図である。なお、図1中の符号1は、超音波センサを示している。
【0018】
本実施の形態にかかる超音波センサ1は、自動車のバンパーなどに取り付けられて車両の後方部やコーナー部の障害物を検知する障害物検知装置を構成するものである。そして、図1(a)で正面図、図1(b)で側面図、図1(c)で背面図をそれぞれ示すように、超音波センサ1は、圧電素子2と、この圧電素子2を収納するアルミニウム合金製などの筒状ケース3と、この筒状ケース3に外嵌されるゴム製など、例えば、シリコンゴム製の弾性部材4とを備えている。
【0019】
また、ここでの筒状ケース3は、平面形状が円形状とされ、かつ、圧電素子2を収納する収納用凹部5が形成されたものとなっており、圧電素子2は収納用凹部5内、つまり、その底面である振動面3aの内面上に接着することによって固定されている。さらに、この超音波センサ1では、従来の形態と同様、車両外部の障害物を検知するに際し、地面を検知しないようにしながら水平方向の検知範囲を広くする必要があるため、図2(a)でも示すように、収納用凹部5の平面形状を長円形状、つまり、垂直方向Xの長さが水平方向Yの長さよりも長い長円形状とし、超音波センサ1の指向性を垂直方向Xでは狭くしながら水平方向Yでは広く設定することが行われている。
【0020】
一方、この際における弾性部材4は筒状ケース3に外嵌されたうえで収納用凹部5の開口面を閉塞するものであり、この弾性部材4の両側面に対しては、圧電素子2を収納する収納用凹部5の平面形状に対応したうえで超音波センサ1の指向性、つまり、垂直方向X及び水平方向Yを示す識別部となる平面部6がそれぞれ設けられている。すなわち、これらの平面部6は、垂直方向Xで狭く、かつ、水平方向Yで広くなった超音波センサ1の指向性を示すものである。なお、ここでは、弾性部材4を筒状ケース3に外嵌するとしているが、例えば、弾性部材4を筒状ケース3に内嵌する構成であってもよいことは勿論である。
【0021】
さらに、収納用凹部5の開口面を閉塞する弾性部材4の閉塞面4a上には、図2(b)でも示すように、筒状ケース3の収納用凹部5に内挿されて嵌合しあう一対の連結用凸部7が形成されており、これら連結用凸部7のそれぞれは収納用凹部5の円形辺部分と嵌合しあうことになっている。そして、連結用凸部7が収納用凹部5と嵌合しあうのに伴っては、筒状ケース3と弾性部材4とが位置ずれせずに連結されることになり、平面部6が設けられた弾性部材4は位置決めしたうえで筒状ケース3と一体化される。
【0022】
従って、本実施の形態に係る超音波センサ1では、指向性を示す識別部としての平面部6が設けられた弾性部材4を筒状ケース3に外嵌して一体化することが行われていることになり、超音波センサ1の外部に対しては、弾性部材4に設けられた平面部材6によって指向性が明示される。また、このような構造を採用している場合には、筒状ケース3そのものに識別部となる平面部を設けておく必要がないため、筒状ケース3の側面部分の厚みtが薄くなることも起こらない。さらに、図示省略しているが、収納用凹部5内には防湿用樹脂などが充填されることになり、このようにして構成された超音波センサ1は自動車のバンパーなどへと取り付けられる。
【0023】
さらに、本発明の発明者らが比較試験を実行したところによれば、図3で示す試験結果からも明らかなように、筒状ケース23そのものに指向性識別用の平面部25が設けられた超音波センサ21(図3では、従来例という)と比較し、筒状ケース3そのものには指向性識別用の平面部6が設けられていない超音波センサ1(図3では、実施例という)である場合には、残響特性が大幅に改善されていることが確認される。なお、図3における縦軸は電圧、横軸は残響時間をそれぞれ示している。
【0024】
すなわち、この比較試験では、超音波センサ1,21の備える筒状ケース3,23の外径を14mm、収納用凹部5,24の短辺寸法を7mmとし、従来例の筒状ケース23には側面厚みが1.5mmとなる平面部25を形成する一方、実施例の筒状ケース3には平面部を形成していない。そして、図3によれば、従来例では残響が1.20msecとなるのに対し、実施例の残響は0.89msecであるに過ぎず、残響特性が大幅に改善されており、従来例に比較すると、実施例における残響特性の方が約26%も改善されていることが分かる。
【0025】
ところで、本実施の形態にあっては、収納用凹部5の円形辺部分と嵌合しあう一対の連結用凸部7を弾性部材4の閉塞面4a上に形成するとしているが、このような構造に限定されることはないのであり、以下のような変形例を採用することも可能である。まず、この際における弾性部材4の閉塞面4a上に形成された連結用凸部7が図4(a)で示すような形状とされたもの、つまり、収納用凹部5の全周にわたって嵌合しあう形状とされたものであってもよい。
【0026】
また、図4(b)で示すように、収納用凹部5の一方の円形辺部分のみと嵌合しあう連結用凸部7であってもよく、さらには、図4(c)で示すように、収納用凹部5の一方の円形辺部分における角部のみと嵌合しあう連結用凸部7であってもよいことは勿論である。すなわち、この際における連結用凸部7は、これらが収納用凹部5と嵌合しあうことによって筒状ケース3と弾性部材4とが位置ずれせずに連結され、かつ、平面部6を有する弾性部材4が位置決めしたうえで筒状ケース3と一体化されるものでありさえすればよいことになっている。
【0027】
(実施の形態2)
図5は実施の形態2にかかる超音波センサを分解した状態の側面構造を示しており、筒状ケース及び弾性部材の側面図である。そして、図6は実施の形態2にかかる超音波センサが備えている筒状ケースの背面構造及び弾性部材の正面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図6(a)は筒状ケースの背面図、図6(b)は弾性部材の正面図である。
【0028】
また、図7は変形例にかかる超音波センサを分解した状態の側面構造を示しており、筒状ケース及び弾性部材の側面図である。なお、実施の形態2にかかる超音波センサの全体構造は実施の形態1と基本的に異ならないので、図5〜図7において図1〜図4と同一もしくは相当する部品、部分には同一符号を付し、ここでの詳しい説明は省略する。
【0029】
本実施の形態にかかる超音波センサ1は、実施の形態1と同じく、圧電素子2と、この圧電素子2を収納する筒状ケース3と、この筒状ケース3に外嵌されるゴム製などの弾性部材4とを備えている。そして、筒状ケース3には、垂直方向Xの長さが水平方向Yの長さよりも長い長円形状の平面形状とされた収納用凹部5が形成されており、この収納用凹部5の底面である振動面3aの内面上には、圧電素子2が接着によって固定されている。
【0030】
また、ここでの弾性部材4は筒状ケース3に外嵌されたうえで収納用凹部5の開口面を閉塞するものであり、この弾性部材4の両側面には、圧電素子2を収納する収納用凹部5の平面形状に対応して超音波センサ1の指向性を示す平面部6がそれぞれ設けられている。すなわち、これらの平面部6は、超音波センサ1の指向性、つまり、垂直方向X及び水平方向Yを示す識別部として設けられたものである。
【0031】
さらに、この際、筒状ケース3の開口面上には、例えば、平面視円形状などとされた連結用凹部11が形成されている一方、弾性部材4の閉塞面4a上には、連結用凹部11に内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凸部12が形成されている。そこで、弾性部材4に形成された連結用凸部12が筒状ケース3に形成された連結用凹部11と嵌合しあうのに伴っては、筒状ケース3と弾性部材4とが位置ずれを起こさずに連結されることとなり、平面部6が設けられた弾性部材4は位置決めしたうえで筒状ケース3と一体化される。
【0032】
ところで、実施の形態2にかかる超音波センサ1では、筒状ケース3に連結用凹部11を形成し、弾性部材4に連結用凸部12を形成している。しかし、このような構造に限定されることはないのであり、例えば、図7の変形例で示すように、超音波センサ1が備えている筒状ケース3の開口面上に連結用凸部13を形成する一方、この筒状ケース3へと外嵌される弾性部材4の閉塞面4a上に連結用凹部14、つまり、連結用凸部13が内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凹部14を形成してもよい。このような構造であっても、筒状ケース3と弾性部材4とは位置ずれを起こさないで連結され、平面部6が設けられた弾性部材4は筒状ケース3と一体化されることになる。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の発明にかかる超音波センサでは、指向性を示す識別部が設けられた弾性部材を筒状ケースに嵌合しており、この筒状ケースと弾性部材とを互いに一体化することが行われている。従って、この超音波センサにおいては、筒状ケースに外嵌して一体化された弾性部材の識別部でもって外部に対し、超音波センサの指向性が明示されることとなる。また、このような構造であれば、筒状ケースそのものに識別部を設けておく必要がなくなり、筒状ケースの側面部分の厚みが薄くなることも起こらないので、超音波センサの残響特性が大幅に改善されるという効果も得られる。なお、請求項2のように、弾性部材は筒状ケースに外嵌されていることが好ましい。
【0034】
請求項3の発明にかかる超音波センサにあっては、収納用凹部に内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凸部を弾性部材に形成しているので、識別部が設けられた弾性部材を位置決めしたうえで筒状ケースへと外嵌することが可能となる。そのため、弾性部材と筒状ケースとを一体化することが極めて容易となり、弾性部材の識別部でもってセンサの指向性が明示され、かつ、残響特性が改善された超音波センサを構成しやすくなるという効果が得られる。
【0035】
請求項4の発明にかかる超音波センサでは、筒状ケースに連結用凹部が形成されるとともに、この連結用凹部に内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凸部が弾性部材に形成されている。また、請求項5の発明にかかる超音波センサにあっては、連結用凸部が筒状ケースに形成される一方、この連結用凸部が内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凹部が弾性部材に形成されている。従って、請求項3の発明と同様、弾性部材と筒状ケースとを一体化することが極めて容易となる結果、弾性部材の識別部でもってセンサの指向性が明示され、しかも、残響特性が改善された超音波センサを構成しやすくなるという効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施の形態1にかかる超音波センサの正面構造及び側面構造、背面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図1(a)は超音波センサの正面図、図1(b)は超音波センサの側面図、図1(c)は超音波センサの背面図である。
【図2】実施の形態1にかかる超音波センサが備えている筒状ケースの背面構造及び弾性部材の正面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図2(a)は筒状ケースの背面図、図2(b)は弾性部材の正面図である。
【図3】超音波センサの残響特性を示す説明図である。
【図4】変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図4(a)は第1の変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面図、図4(b)は第2の変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面図、図4(c)は第3の変形例にかかる弾性部材の正面図である。
【図5】実施の形態2にかかる超音波センサを分解した状態の側面構造を示しており、筒状ケース及び弾性部材の側面図である。
【図6】実施の形態2にかかる超音波センサが備えている筒状ケースの背面構造及び弾性部材の正面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図6(a)は筒状ケースの背面図、図6(b)は弾性部材の正面図である。
【図7】変形例にかかる超音波センサを分解した状態の側面構造を示しており、筒状ケース及び弾性部材の側面図である。
【図8】従来の形態にかかる超音波センサの正面構造及び側面構造、背面構造をそれぞれ示しており、図8(a)は超音波センサの正面図、図8(b)は超音波センサの側面図、図8(c)は超音波センサの背面図である。
【符号の説明】
1  超音波センサ
2  圧電素子
3  筒状ケース
4  弾性部材
5  収納用凹部
6  平面部(識別部)
7  連結用凸部
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor, and more particularly, to a structure for specifying its directivity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an obstacle detection device that is attached to a bumper of an automobile and detects an obstacle in a rear portion or a corner portion of a vehicle receives a transmitted ultrasonic signal reflected by the obstacle. There is a type using an ultrasonic sensor, and an example of the type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-332817. That is, as shown in the front view of FIG. 8A, the side view of FIG. 8B, and the rear view of FIG. And a cylindrical case 23 made of an aluminum alloy or the like for accommodating therein.
[0003]
The piezoelectric element 22 transmits an ultrasonic signal by vibrating with a piezoelectric effect associated with the application of a voltage, and generates a voltage by an inverse piezoelectric effect associated with the reception of the ultrasonic signal. The element 22 is fixed in a storage recess 24 formed in a cylindrical case 23 having a circular planar shape, that is, on an inner surface of a vibration surface 24a which is a bottom surface thereof. Further, when detecting an obstacle outside the vehicle, it is necessary to widen the detection range in the horizontal direction while not detecting the ground, so that the planar shape of the storage recess 24 is an oval shape, that is, The length of the ultrasonic sensor 21 in the vertical direction (indicated by X in the figure) is longer than the length in the horizontal direction (indicated by Y in the figure), and the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 21 is narrowed in the vertical direction. Is widely set.
[0004]
Furthermore, on both sides of the cylindrical case 23 at this time, a flat surface as an identification portion that indicates the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 21 while corresponding to the planar shape of the storage recess 24 that stores the piezoelectric element 22 is provided. The portions 25 are formed by cutting, and the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 21 is narrowed in the vertical direction X and widened in the horizontal direction Y depending on these flat portions 25. Although not shown, the ultrasonic sensor 21 in which the storage recess 24 is filled with a moisture-proof resin or the like is attached to a bumper or the like of an automobile via a vibration-proof elastic member.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the ultrasonic sensor 21 according to the above-described conventional form, since the flat portions 25 serving as identification portions indicating directivity are provided directly on both side surfaces of the cylindrical case 23, these flat portions are provided. The thickness t is small at the side surface portion of the cylindrical case 23 provided with 25. Therefore, the vibration of the vibration surface 23a of the cylindrical case 23 is easily transmitted to the side surface of the thin cylindrical case 23 having a small thickness t, and as long as the structure according to the conventional form is employed, the ultrasonic sensor 21 has There is an inconvenience that reverberation characteristics may be deteriorated.
[0006]
On the other hand, if the flat portions 25 are not provided on both side surfaces of the cylindrical case 23 in order to avoid deterioration of the reverberation characteristics, the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 21 will not be apparent to the outside. . If the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 21 is not specified externally, it becomes extremely difficult to attach the ultrasonic sensor 21 to a bumper or the like of an automobile while keeping the correct directivity. Actually, the directivity of the sound wave sensor 21 may be incorrect.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of these inconveniences, and has as its object to provide an ultrasonic sensor that can clearly indicate directivity to the outside and can significantly improve reverberation characteristics. I have.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1, wherein a piezoelectric element, a cylindrical case formed with a storage recess for storing the piezoelectric element, and an opening surface of the storage recess fitted to the cylindrical case. And an elastic member that closes the elastic member, and the elastic member is provided with an identification unit that indicates directivity. The identification portion is positioned so as to correspond to the planar shape of the storage recess.
[0009]
In the ultrasonic sensor according to the first aspect, an elastic member provided with an identification unit indicating directivity is fitted to a cylindrical case not provided with an identification unit indicating directivity. The case and the elastic member are integrated with each other. Therefore, directivity is clearly indicated to the outside of the ultrasonic sensor by the identification portion of the elastic member. In addition, with this structure, it is not necessary to provide an identification portion in the cylindrical case itself, and as a result, the thickness of the side surface of the cylindrical case does not become thin, so that the reverberation characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor are reduced. The advantage of a significant improvement is also ensured.
[0010]
An ultrasonic sensor according to a second aspect of the present invention is the ultrasonic sensor according to the first aspect, wherein the elastic member is externally fitted to the cylindrical case. In other words, the elastic member may be fitted inside the cylindrical case, and may be fitted inside. However, when the elastic member is fitted outside the cylindrical case, the elastic member is provided on the elastic member to indicate the directivity. The part is easy to see from the outside.
[0011]
An ultrasonic sensor according to a third aspect of the present invention is the ultrasonic sensor according to the first or second aspect, wherein the elastic member is provided with a connecting projection that is inserted into and fitted into the storage recess. It is characterized by having.
[0012]
An ultrasonic sensor according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the ultrasonic sensor according to the first or second aspect, wherein a connection recess is formed in the cylindrical case, while the connection recess is formed in the elastic member. It is characterized in that a connecting projection that is inserted and fitted to each other is formed.
[0013]
An ultrasonic sensor according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the ultrasonic sensor according to the first or second aspect, wherein the cylindrical case is provided with a connecting projection, while the elastic member is provided with the connecting projection. It is characterized in that a connecting concave portion in which the portions are inserted and fitted to each other is formed.
[0014]
In the case of the structure according to any one of claims 3 to 5, it is possible to position the elastic member provided with the identification unit and then fit the elastic member to the cylindrical case. Is extremely easy to integrate. As a result, the advantages of the structure described in claim 1 can be easily secured.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a front structure, a side structure, and a back structure of the ultrasonic sensor according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1A is a front view of the ultrasonic sensor, and FIG. FIG. 1C is a side view, and FIG. 1C is a rear view of the ultrasonic sensor. 2A and 2B show the rear structure of the cylindrical case and the front structure of the elastic member provided in the ultrasonic sensor, respectively. FIG. 2A is a rear view of the cylindrical case, and FIG. It is a front view of a member.
[0017]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing reverberation characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor, while FIG. 4 shows a front structure of an elastic member according to a modification, and FIG. 4A shows a first modification. FIG. 4B is a front view of an elastic member according to a second modification, and FIG. 4C is a front view of an elastic member according to a third modification. In addition, the code | symbol 1 in FIG. 1 has shown the ultrasonic sensor.
[0018]
The ultrasonic sensor 1 according to the present embodiment constitutes an obstacle detection device that is attached to a bumper or the like of an automobile and detects an obstacle at a rear portion or a corner portion of the vehicle. As shown in a front view in FIG. 1A, a side view in FIG. 1B, and a rear view in FIG. 1C, the ultrasonic sensor 1 includes a piezoelectric element 2 and the piezoelectric element 2. The housing includes a cylindrical case 3 made of aluminum alloy or the like to be housed, and an elastic member 4 made of rubber or the like, for example, made of silicone rubber and fitted to the cylindrical case 3.
[0019]
The cylindrical case 3 here has a circular planar shape and is formed with a storage recess 5 for storing the piezoelectric element 2. That is, it is fixed by bonding on the inner surface of the vibration surface 3a which is the bottom surface. Furthermore, in this ultrasonic sensor 1, as in the conventional embodiment, when detecting an obstacle outside the vehicle, it is necessary to widen the detection range in the horizontal direction while not detecting the ground. As shown, the planar shape of the storage recess 5 is an elliptical shape, that is, the length of the vertical direction X is longer than the length of the horizontal direction Y, and the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 1 is changed in the vertical direction X. In the horizontal direction Y, the width is set wide while the width is narrowed.
[0020]
On the other hand, the elastic member 4 at this time closes the opening surface of the storage recess 5 after being externally fitted to the cylindrical case 3, and the piezoelectric element 2 is attached to both side surfaces of the elastic member 4. Planar portions 6 serving as identification portions indicating the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 1, that is, the vertical direction X and the horizontal direction Y, are provided in correspondence with the planar shape of the storage concave portion 5 to be stored. That is, these flat portions 6 indicate the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 1 that is narrow in the vertical direction X and wide in the horizontal direction Y. Note that, here, the elastic member 4 is externally fitted to the cylindrical case 3. However, it is needless to say that the elastic member 4 may be internally fitted to the cylindrical case 3, for example.
[0021]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the elastic member 4 is inserted into the housing concave portion 5 of the cylindrical case 3 and fitted on the closing surface 4a of the elastic member 4 which closes the opening surface of the housing concave portion 5. A pair of mating connecting protrusions 7 are formed, and each of the connecting protrusions 7 fits with the circular side portion of the storage recess 5. When the connecting projection 7 fits into the storage recess 5, the cylindrical case 3 and the elastic member 4 are connected without displacement, and the flat portion 6 is provided. The positioned elastic member 4 is integrated with the cylindrical case 3 after being positioned.
[0022]
Therefore, in the ultrasonic sensor 1 according to the present embodiment, the elastic member 4 provided with the flat portion 6 as the identification portion indicating directivity is externally fitted to the cylindrical case 3 and integrated. That is, the directivity is clearly indicated to the outside of the ultrasonic sensor 1 by the flat member 6 provided on the elastic member 4. In addition, when such a structure is employed, it is not necessary to provide a flat portion serving as an identification portion in the cylindrical case 3 itself, so that the thickness t of the side surface portion of the cylindrical case 3 is reduced. Does not occur. Further, although not shown, the storage recess 5 is filled with a moisture-proof resin or the like, and the ultrasonic sensor 1 thus configured is attached to a bumper or the like of an automobile.
[0023]
Further, according to a comparison test performed by the inventors of the present invention, as is clear from the test results shown in FIG. 3, a plane portion 25 for directivity identification is provided on the cylindrical case 23 itself. Compared with the ultrasonic sensor 21 (referred to as a conventional example in FIG. 3), the ultrasonic sensor 1 (referred to as an example in FIG. 3) in which the cylindrical case 3 itself is not provided with the plane portion 6 for directivity identification. In the case of, it is confirmed that the reverberation characteristics are significantly improved. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis represents voltage, and the horizontal axis represents reverberation time.
[0024]
That is, in this comparative test, the outer diameters of the cylindrical cases 3 and 23 of the ultrasonic sensors 1 and 21 were 14 mm, and the short sides of the storage recesses 5 and 24 were 7 mm. While the flat part 25 having a side surface thickness of 1.5 mm is formed, the flat part is not formed in the cylindrical case 3 of the embodiment. According to FIG. 3, while the reverberation is 1.20 msec in the conventional example, the reverberation in the embodiment is only 0.89 msec, and the reverberation characteristics are greatly improved. Then, it is understood that the reverberation characteristic in the example is improved by about 26%.
[0025]
By the way, in the present embodiment, a pair of connecting projections 7 that fit with the circular side portions of the storage recess 5 are formed on the closed surface 4 a of the elastic member 4. It is not limited to the structure, and it is also possible to adopt the following modified examples. First, the connecting projection 7 formed on the closed surface 4a of the elastic member 4 at this time has a shape as shown in FIG. Shapes that match each other may be used.
[0026]
Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the connecting convex portion 7 may be fitted to only one circular side portion of the storage concave portion 5, and further, as shown in FIG. 4 (c). Of course, the connecting convex portion 7 may be fitted to only the corner of one circular side of the storage concave portion 5. That is, the connecting projections 7 at this time are connected to each other without being displaced by the cylindrical case 3 and the elastic member 4 being fitted to the storage recesses 5, and have the flat portion 6. It is only necessary that the elastic member 4 be positioned and integrated with the cylindrical case 3.
[0027]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 5 shows a side structure of the ultrasonic sensor according to the second embodiment in a disassembled state, and is a side view of a cylindrical case and an elastic member. 6A and 6B show the rear structure of the cylindrical case and the front structure of the elastic member provided in the ultrasonic sensor according to the second embodiment, respectively. FIG. 6A is a rear view of the cylindrical case. FIG. 6B is a front view of the elastic member.
[0028]
FIG. 7 shows a side view of the ultrasonic sensor according to the modification in a disassembled state, and is a side view of the cylindrical case and the elastic member. Since the entire structure of the ultrasonic sensor according to the second embodiment is not basically different from that of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals in FIGS. 5 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts and portions as those in FIGS. And a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0029]
As in the first embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor 1 according to the present embodiment includes a piezoelectric element 2, a cylindrical case 3 for housing the piezoelectric element 2, and a rubber member externally fitted to the cylindrical case 3. Elastic member 4. The cylindrical case 3 is formed with a storage recess 5 having an elliptical planar shape in which the length in the vertical direction X is longer than the length in the horizontal direction Y, and the bottom surface of the storage recess 5 is formed. The piezoelectric element 2 is fixed on the inner surface of the vibrating surface 3a by bonding.
[0030]
In addition, the elastic member 4 is fitted outside the cylindrical case 3 and then closes the opening surface of the storage recess 5. The piezoelectric element 2 is stored on both side surfaces of the elastic member 4. Plane portions 6 indicating the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 1 are provided corresponding to the planar shape of the storage recess 5. That is, these flat portions 6 are provided as identification portions indicating the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor 1, that is, the vertical direction X and the horizontal direction Y.
[0031]
Further, at this time, on the opening surface of the cylindrical case 3, for example, a connection concave portion 11 having a circular shape in a plan view is formed, while on the closing surface 4 a of the elastic member 4, a connection concave portion is formed. A connecting projection 12 is formed which is inserted into the recess 11 and fits with each other. Therefore, as the connecting projection 12 formed on the elastic member 4 fits into the connecting recess 11 formed on the cylindrical case 3, the cylindrical case 3 and the elastic member 4 are displaced. The elastic member 4 provided with the flat portion 6 is integrated with the cylindrical case 3 after being positioned.
[0032]
By the way, in the ultrasonic sensor 1 according to the second embodiment, the connecting concave portion 11 is formed in the cylindrical case 3, and the connecting convex portion 12 is formed in the elastic member 4. However, the present invention is not limited to such a structure. For example, as shown in a modified example of FIG. 7, the connecting projection 13 is provided on the opening surface of the cylindrical case 3 provided in the ultrasonic sensor 1. On the other hand, on the closed surface 4a of the elastic member 4 fitted externally to the cylindrical case 3, the connecting concave portion 14, that is, the connecting concave portion 14 is inserted and fitted. May be formed. Even with such a structure, the cylindrical case 3 and the elastic member 4 are connected without causing displacement, and the elastic member 4 provided with the flat portion 6 is integrated with the cylindrical case 3. Become.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
In the ultrasonic sensor according to the first aspect of the present invention, the elastic member provided with the identification portion indicating the directivity is fitted to the cylindrical case, and the cylindrical case and the elastic member can be integrated with each other. Is being done. Therefore, in this ultrasonic sensor, the directivity of the ultrasonic sensor is clearly indicated to the outside by the identification portion of the elastic member which is fitted externally to the cylindrical case. In addition, with such a structure, it is not necessary to provide an identification portion in the cylindrical case itself, and the side portion of the cylindrical case does not become thin, so that the reverberation characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor are greatly increased. The effect that it is improved is also obtained. Preferably, the elastic member is externally fitted to the cylindrical case.
[0034]
In the ultrasonic sensor according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the connecting projection inserted into and fitted into the storage recess is formed in the elastic member, the elastic member provided with the identification portion is provided. After being positioned, it can be fitted to the cylindrical case. Therefore, it becomes extremely easy to integrate the elastic member and the cylindrical case, and the directivity of the sensor is clearly indicated by the identification portion of the elastic member, and it is easy to configure an ultrasonic sensor with improved reverberation characteristics. The effect is obtained.
[0035]
In the ultrasonic sensor according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the connecting concave portion is formed in the cylindrical case, and the connecting convex portion inserted and fitted into the connecting concave portion is formed on the elastic member. . In the ultrasonic sensor according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, while the connecting projection is formed in the cylindrical case, the connecting recess inserted and fitted with the connecting recess is elastic. It is formed on the member. Therefore, as in the third aspect of the invention, it is extremely easy to integrate the elastic member and the cylindrical case. As a result, the directivity of the sensor is clearly indicated by the identification portion of the elastic member, and the reverberation characteristics are improved. The advantage is that the configured ultrasonic sensor can be easily configured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B show a front structure, a side structure, and a back structure of an ultrasonic sensor according to a first embodiment, respectively. FIG. 1A is a front view of the ultrasonic sensor, and FIG. FIG. 1C is a rear view of the ultrasonic sensor.
2A and 2B show a rear structure of a cylindrical case and a front structure of an elastic member included in the ultrasonic sensor according to the first embodiment, respectively. FIG. 2A is a rear view of the cylindrical case; (B) is a front view of the elastic member.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing reverberation characteristics of an ultrasonic sensor.
4A and 4B show a front structure of an elastic member according to a modified example, respectively. FIG. 4A is a front view of an elastic member according to a first modified example, and FIG. 4B is a second modified example. FIG. 4C is a front view of the elastic member according to the third modification.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a state in which the ultrasonic sensor according to the second embodiment is disassembled, and is a side view of a cylindrical case and an elastic member.
6A and 6B show a rear structure of a cylindrical case and a front structure of an elastic member included in the ultrasonic sensor according to the second embodiment, respectively. FIG. 6A is a rear view of the cylindrical case, and FIG. (B) is a front view of the elastic member.
FIG. 7 is a side view of a state in which an ultrasonic sensor according to a modification is disassembled, and is a side view of a cylindrical case and an elastic member.
8A and 8B show a front structure, a side structure, and a back structure of an ultrasonic sensor according to a conventional embodiment, respectively. FIG. 8A is a front view of the ultrasonic sensor, and FIG. FIG. 8C is a rear view of the ultrasonic sensor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ultrasonic sensor 2 Piezoelectric element 3 Cylindrical case 4 Elastic member 5 Storage recess 6 Flat part (identification part)
7 Connecting projection

Claims (5)

圧電素子と、この圧電素子を収納する収納用凹部が形成され、かつ、指向性を示す識別部が設けられていない筒状ケースと、この筒状ケースに嵌合されて前記収納用凹部の開口面を閉塞する弾性部材とを備えており、この弾性部材には、指向性を示す識別部が設けられていることを特徴とする超音波センサ。A piezoelectric element, a cylindrical case in which a storage concave part for storing the piezoelectric element is formed, and which is not provided with an identification part indicating directivity; and an opening of the storage concave part fitted in the cylindrical case. An ultrasonic sensor comprising: an elastic member that closes a surface; and the elastic member is provided with an identification unit that indicates directivity. 前記弾性部材は、前記筒状ケースに外嵌されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載した超音波センサ。The ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member is externally fitted to the cylindrical case. 前記弾性部材には、前記収納用凹部に内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載した超音波センサ。The ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member is provided with a connecting protrusion that is inserted into and fitted in the storage recess. 前記筒状ケースには連結用凹部が形成される一方、前記弾性部材には前記連結用凹部に内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載した超音波センサ。2. A connecting concave portion is formed in the cylindrical case, and a connecting convex portion is formed in the elastic member so as to be inserted and fitted in the connecting concave portion. Alternatively, the ultrasonic sensor according to claim 2. 前記筒状ケースには連結用凸部が形成される一方、前記弾性部材には前記連結用凸部が内挿されて嵌合しあう連結用凹部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載した超音波センサ。The connecting case is formed on the tubular case, and the elastic member is formed with a connecting concave portion into which the connecting convex portion is fitted and fitted. An ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1 or 2.
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JP2007201993A (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Ultrasonic transducer and ultrasonic flowmeter
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JP2009055456A (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-12 Nippon Ceramic Co Ltd Ultrasonic transducer
JP2013511733A (en) * 2009-11-23 2013-04-04 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング Ultrasonic sensor
US8973442B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2015-03-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic sensor
WO2015096959A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-07-02 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Method for producing an ultrasonic sensor for a motor vehicle
CN106061629A (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-10-26 法雷奥开关和传感器有限责任公司 Method for producing an ultrasonic sensor for a motor vehicle
CN106061629B (en) * 2013-12-23 2018-12-11 法雷奥开关和传感器有限责任公司 Method for producing an ultrasonic sensor for a motor vehicle
US10416308B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2019-09-17 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Method for producing an ultrasonic sensor for a motor vehicle

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