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JP2004012669A - Fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating - Google Patents

Fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004012669A
JP2004012669A JP2002164118A JP2002164118A JP2004012669A JP 2004012669 A JP2004012669 A JP 2004012669A JP 2002164118 A JP2002164118 A JP 2002164118A JP 2002164118 A JP2002164118 A JP 2002164118A JP 2004012669 A JP2004012669 A JP 2004012669A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fixing belt
electromagnetic induction
induction heating
layer
polyamic acid
Prior art date
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JP2002164118A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toru Kawashima
川嶋 徹
Tadanori Domoto
道本 忠憲
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Nitto Denko Corp
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Nitto Denko Corp
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Abstract

【課題】機械的特性及び可撓性に優れ、かつ寸法安定性にも優れるため、金属層との機械的ストレスを生じにくく、きびしい使用環境でも耐久性が高い電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトを提供する。
【解決手段】ポリイミド樹脂層1と、その表面に形成され電磁誘導により発熱する金属層2と、最外周面に形成された離型層4とを備える電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトにおいて、前記ポリイミド樹脂層1は脱水環化剤の存在下でポリアミド酸をイミド化したイミド化物を含有し、そのイミド化物のイミド化率が95〜100%であることを特徴とする。
【選択図】    図1
To provide a fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating that has excellent mechanical properties and flexibility and excellent dimensional stability, hardly generates mechanical stress with a metal layer, and has high durability even in a severe use environment. .
The fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating includes a polyimide resin layer, a metal layer formed on the surface thereof and generating heat by electromagnetic induction, and a release layer formed on the outermost peripheral surface. The layer 1 contains an imidized product obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid in the presence of a dehydrating cyclizing agent, and the imidized product has an imidization ratio of 95 to 100%.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ポリイミド樹脂層と、その表面に形成され電磁誘導により発熱する金属層と、最外周面に形成された離型層とを備える電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトに関し、電磁誘導加熱方式の定着装置に用いられる定着ベルトとして有用である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子写真複写機、レーザービームプリンター、ファクシミリなどの画像形成装置においては、記録材上に形成させた未定着トナー画像を加熱・加圧して定着する定着方法がとられている。従来、定着方法としては熱ローラ方式が一般的であったが、ローラの熱容量が大きいためにヒートローラの加熱に時間がかかり、始動時の待ち時間が長く、消費電力も大きいことから、近年では、薄肉のシームレスベルトを介して、ヒーターの熱により転写紙上のトナーを加熱するエンドレスベルト方式が採用されるようになった。このエンドレスベルト方式による定着では、低熱容量の薄いプラスチックフィルムを介するだけでヒーターの熱を用いてトナーを加熱するため、待ち時間がほぼゼロとなり、消費電力も少ないという利点がある。しかしながら、いずれの方法もヒーターによる加熱を利用しているため、放熱ロスが大きいという問題があり、電磁誘導を用いてベルトそのものを瞬時に加熱する方式が考案されている。
【0003】
電磁誘導を用いてベルトそのものを加熱する方式では、コイルに高周波電流を流して生じた高周波磁界によりベルトの金属層に誘導渦電流を誘起させ、金属層の表皮抵抗によって金属層そのものをジュール発熱させるようになっているため、迅速かつ効率のよい加熱が可能となる。また、定着ベルトとして用いるには内面の摺動性と最外層のトナー離型性が必要なため、ポリイミド樹脂層の表面に電磁誘導により発熱する金属層、さらに最外周面に離型層が形成された複合管状物が用いられる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記のポリイミド樹脂層としては、一般に加熱によりイミド化させたものが使用されており、これを特に電磁誘導発熱用の定着ベルトに用いた場合、機械的ストレスのため定着ベルトとして耐久性が劣るという問題があった。
【0005】
そこで、特開2001−341231号公報のように、ポリイミド樹脂層のイミド化率を低く抑えて柔軟性を向上させる方法等が検討されている。しかし、イミド化率を低く抑えることは、機械的特性を落とすばかりでなく、加熱冷却及び吸湿による寸法安定性も低下させるため、きびしい環境変化にさらされる電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトとしては、その耐久性に問題があることが判明した。
【0006】
そこで、本発明の目的は、機械的特性及び可撓性に優れ、かつ寸法安定性にも優れるため、金属層との機械的ストレスを生じにくく、きびしい使用環境でも耐久性が高い電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトを提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく、鋭意検討した結果、ポリアミド酸に脱水環化剤を添加し、化学的にイミド化すれば、低温で高イミド化率のものが得られ、機械的特性かつ可撓性に優れるポリイミド層が得られることを見出し本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
即ち、本発明の電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトは、ポリイミド樹脂層と、その表面に形成され電磁誘導により発熱する金属層と、最外周面に形成された離型層とを備える電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトにおいて、前記ポリイミド樹脂層は脱水環化剤の存在下でポリアミド酸をイミド化したイミド化物を含有し、そのイミド化物のイミド化率が95〜100%であることを特徴とする。
【0009】
上記において、前記脱水環化剤は、脱水剤と触媒との混合物であることが好ましい。また、MIT試験法(JISP8115)による耐屈曲回数が5000回以上であることが好ましい。
【0010】
〔作用効果〕
本発明の定着ベルトによると、ポリアミド酸に脱水環化剤を添加してイミド化するため、実施例の結果が示すように、高イミド化率のポリイミド層となり、機械的特性及び可撓性に優れ、かつ加熱冷却及び吸湿による寸法安定性にも優れるため、金属層との機械的ストレスを生じにくく、きびしい環境にさらされる電磁誘導加熱方式の定着において高い耐久性の定着ベルトとなる。脱水環化剤を添加してイミド化することで、このような効果が得られる理由の詳細は不明であるが、熱イミド化の場合と比較して、ポリアミド酸の加水分解(低分子量化)が少なく、溶媒を蒸発させたときに生じる配向効果が大きいので、イミド化率が95%以上においても可撓性に優れるためと推測される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本発明の電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトの一例を示す断面図である。
【0012】
本発明の定着ベルトは、図1に示すように、ポリイミド樹脂層1と、その表面に形成され電磁誘導により発熱する金属層2と、最外周面に形成された離型層4とを備える。本実施形態では、金属層2と離型層4との間に、弾性層3を備える例を示す。
【0013】
金属層2には、線膨張係数と電気抵抗が適度なニッケル、銅、アルミニウム等を用いるのが好ましい。金属層2の厚みは3〜35μmが好ましく、5〜15μmがより好ましい。厚みがこれより薄いと、電磁エネルギーが金属層で吸収できなくなり、効率が悪くなるばかりか、漏洩した磁束が周辺金属を加熱する不具合を生じる傾向がある。また厚くなりすぎると、硬くなり可撓性がなくなるばかりか、定着ベルトそのものの熱容量が大きくなり温まりにくくなる傾向がある。
【0014】
金属層2の上層側の最外周面には、トナーを確実に離型するため離型層4が設けられる。離型層4としてはフッ素樹脂やシリコーン樹脂が挙げられる。離型層4の厚みは、10〜50μmが好ましい。また、離型層4の密着性を向上させるために、耐熱性のあるプライマーを使用することも可能である。
【0015】
また、金属層2と離型層4の間には、トナーをより確実に加熱・加圧する上で、シリコーンゴムやフッ素ゴムなどの弾性層3を形成することがさらに好ましい。弾性層3を設ける場合の厚みは、50〜200μmが好ましい。
【0016】
金属層2の内面に設けられるポリイミド樹脂層1を形成するポリイミド樹脂は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物あるいはその誘導体とジアミンとの略等モルを有機溶媒中で反応させて得られるポリアミド酸溶液を、溶媒の除去・化学イミド化により得ることができる。
【0017】
テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、ピロメリット酸二無水物、3,3′,4,4′−ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3′,4,4′−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,3′,4′−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,6,7−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,5,6−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,4,5,8−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2′−ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)プロパン二無水物、ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)スルホン二無水物、ペリレン−3,4,9,10−テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物、エチレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物等が挙げられる。
【0018】
また、このようなテトラカルボン酸二無水物と反応させるジアミンの具体例としては、4,4′−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4′−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3′−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3′−ジクロロベンジジン、4,4′−ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、3,3′−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、1,5−ジアミノナフタレン、m−フェニレンジアミン、p−フェニレンジアミン、3,3′−ジメチル−4,4′−ビフェニルジアミン、ベンジジン、3,3′−ジメチルベンジジン、3,3′−ジメトキシベンジジン、4,4′−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4′−ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、4,4′−ジアミノジフェニルプロパン、2,4−ビス(β−アミノ−t−ブチル)トルエン、ビス(p−β−アミノ−t−ブチルフェニル)エーテル、ビス(p−β−メチル−t−アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、ビス−p−(1,1−ジメチル−5−アミノ−ペンチル)ベンゼン、1−イソプロピル−2,4−m−フェニレンジアミン、m−キシリレンジアミン、p−キシリレンジアミン、ジ(p−アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、ヘプタメチレンジアミン、オクタメチレンジアミン、ノナメチレンジアミン、デカメチレンジアミン、ジアミノプロピルテトラメチレン、3−メチルへプタメチレンジアミン、4,4−ジメチルヘプタメチレンジアミン、2,11−ジアミノドデカン、1,2−ビス−3−アミノプロポキシエタン、2,2−ジメチルプロピレンジアミン、3−メトキシヘキサメチレンジアミン、2,5−ジメチルヘプタメチレンジアミン、3−メチルへプタメチレンジアミン、5−メチルノナメチレンジアミン、2,11−ジアミノドデカン、2,17−ジアミノエイコサデカン、1,4−ジアミルクロヘキサン、1,10−ジアミノ−1,10−ジメチルデカン、1,12−ジアミノオクタデカン、2,2−ビス〔4−(4−アミノフェノキシ)フェニル〕プロパン、ピぺラジン、HN(CHO(CHOCHNH、HN(CHS(CHCHNH、HN(CHN(CH)CHNH、等が挙げられる。ジアミンとしては、特に芳香族ジアミンを主成分として使用することが望ましい。
【0019】
本発明では、特に、3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物とp−フェニレンジアミンからなる重合体及びそれらを主成分とする共重合体、ピロメリット酸二無水物とベンジジン誘導体からなる重合体及びそれらを主成分とする共重合体が、高弾性率のため好ましい。特に、線膨張係数が20ppm/℃以下のものが好適に用いられる。
【0020】
ポリアミド酸を得る際のモノマー濃度は、5〜30重量%が好ましい。また、反応温度は80℃以下に設定することが好ましく、特に好ましくは5〜50℃であり、反応時間は約0.5〜10時間が好ましい。
【0021】
また、前駆体溶液であるポリアミド酸溶液の溶媒としては、特に制限されないが、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン等が使用される。前記のポリアミド酸溶液を用いた熱的イミド化では、溶媒をとばして成膜する過程で時間がかかり、不必要の熱によりポリアミド酸の加水分解が進み、ポリイミドフィルムの物性が低下しやすくなるため、本方法では、化学的なイミド化が用いられる。化学的にイミド化する方法では、脱水環化剤によりイミド化を低温で行なうことが可能であり、溶媒を蒸発して成膜した時点でほぼイミド化を完結できる。また、ポリアミド酸の加水分解が少なく、溶媒を蒸発させたときに生じる配向効果が大きいので、イミド化率が95%以上においても可撓性に優れるベルトを得ることができる。
【0022】
ポリアミド酸を化学的にイミド化をさせる脱水環化剤としては、脱水剤と触媒の混合物を用いるのが好ましい。脱水剤としては、種々の酸無水物、例として無水酢酸、無水酪酸、無水プロピオン酸などの脂肪族酸無水物、無水フタル酸などの芳香族酸無水物などが挙げられる。好ましい酸無水物としては無水酢酸で、これらの酸無水物は単独または二種以上混合して使用できる。その添加量としては、ポリアミド酸溶液のポリアミド酸1単位に対して0.4〜2.0当量、好ましくは0.5〜1.0当量である。脱水剤の添加量が0.3当量より少ないと化学的なイミド化による効果が得られにくく、2.0当量を超えると室温下で数時間の内に硬化や添加量が増えることによってポリアミド酸溶液との混合が困難となる傾向がある。
【0023】
触媒としては、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリエチレンジアミン、トリブチルアミン、ジメチルアニリン、ピリジン、α−ピコリン、β−ピコリン、γ−ピコリン、イソキノリン、ルチジンなどの第3級アミン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]ノネン−5、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン、1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデセン−7などの有機塩基が例示される。その添加量としては、ポリアミド酸溶液のポリアミド酸1単位に対して0.04〜0.3当量、好ましくは0.05〜0.2当量である。添加量が0.04当量以下では触媒の効果が十分ではなく、逆に低分子化して硬化を妨げフィルム化できない、また0.3当量以上添加しても効果は変わらない。
【0024】
上記脱水剤及び触媒は、あらかじめ有機溶媒に溶解し、希釈してからポリアミド酸に添加し混合することや、まずポリアミド酸溶液に触媒のみ混合したポリアミド酸溶液を作製し、使用直前に脱水剤をすばやく混合することが好ましい。
【0025】
また、該脱水環化剤を添加したポリアミド酸溶液は、該最外周面に離型層を設けた金属層から成る複合管状物の内面に塗布される。その塗布方法としては、該脱水環化剤を添加したポリアミド酸溶液をディスペンサー及びスプレーにより複合管状物の内面に供給した後、金属、プラスチック、ガラス等からなる弾丸状体ないし球状体を走行させることにより均一塗布し、加熱乾燥により溶媒を除去して、ポリイミド樹脂層を形成させる。
【0026】
ポリイミド層1の厚みは、ポリイミド樹脂の強度や柔軟性等の機械的特性などの点から10〜50μmの厚さが好ましい。またそのイミド化率は95%以上が好ましい。95%未満だと、機械的強度に劣り、加熱冷却や吸湿による寸法安定性も悪くなる。本発明におけるイミド化は、200〜350℃で行うのが好ましく、250〜300℃がより好ましい。200℃未満では、イミド化率を95%以上とするのに時間がかかり過ぎる傾向がある。350℃を超えると熱分解による強度低下を起こし易い傾向がある。
【0027】
本発明におけるイミド化率は、反応生成したイミド環の量と、完全に反応が完結したときにおけるイミド環の量の比として定義される。イミド化率の測定には、ポリイミド樹脂層の表面のFTIR/ATR測定を行い、イミド環のC=O振動に基づく1773cm−1付近のピークの吸光度とベンゼン環の骨格振動に基づく1514−1付近のピークの吸光度の比を求め、そのポリイミド樹脂と同じポリイミド樹脂を400℃で焼成したときのイミド化率を100%と仮定して、下記の式より求めた。
【0028】
イミド化率[%]=(a/b)/(A/B)×100
〔a:1773cm−1付近のピークの吸光度、b:1514cm−1付近のピークの吸光度、A:400℃焼成時の1773cm−1付近のピークの吸光度、B:400℃焼成時の1514cm−1付近のピークの吸光度〕
本発明の定着ベルトは、脱水環化剤により化学的にイミド化された高イミド化率のポリイミド層をもつため、機械的特性及び可撓性に優れ、かつ加熱冷却及び吸湿による寸法安定性にも優れるため、金属層との機械的ストレスを生じにくく、きびしい環境にさらされる電磁誘導加熱方式に好適に用いられる。
【0029】
電磁誘導加熱方式の定着装置は、例えば図2に示すように、定着ベルト5の回転・摺動をガイドし、励磁コイル8が配置されたガイドロール7と、これに対向して配置され、図示しない駆動機構により駆動する加圧ロール6とを備える。トナー9が転写された記録材10は、加圧ロール6とガイドロール7表面の定着ベルト5との間でニップされ、加圧ロール6の駆動によってニップ部を通過する。その際、励磁コイル8の電磁誘導により定着ベルト5が加熱され、その熱とニップ部の圧力によって、トナー9が記録材10に定着される。
【0030】
その他、種々の形態の電磁誘導加熱方式の定着装置が存在するが、本発明の定着ベルトは、電磁誘導加熱方式であれば何れの装置でも使用可能である。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の構成と効果を具体的に示す実施例等について説明する。
【0032】
[実施例1]
2000gのN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)中にBPDA(3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物)496.9gとPDA(p−フェニレンジアミン)182.5gを溶解し、窒素雰囲気中において、室温で6時間攪拌しながら反応させて、140Pa・sのポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液400gに無水酢酸40g、イソキノリン2.70gを滴下後、15分間攪拌混合し、脱水環化剤添加ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。あらかじめ用意してあった外径30mm×幅350mm×厚さ0.03mmのニッケル製フィルムの上に、0.40mmのシリコーンゴムを弾性層として、プライマーを用いて形成させ、離型層としては、プライマー塗布後にPFAディスパージョンを塗布し、乾燥後、窒素雰囲気中で焼成して厚さ30μmの離型層となるフッ素樹脂層を形成させた。前記の複合管状物の内面に脱水環化剤添加ポリアミド酸溶液を塗布し、80℃から200℃まで30〜60分間で昇温加熱した。その後、300℃で20分間加熱して、本発明の定着ベルトを得た。その定着ベルトのイミド化率は100%であった。また、ポリイミド樹脂の厚みとしては50μmであった。
【0033】
この定着ベルトを電磁誘導加熱で170〜180℃に加熱させ、定着試験したところ、10万枚を問題なく定着できた。また、該定着ベルトのMIT試験法(JISP8115)による耐屈曲回数は6000回で異常が起こらなかった。
【0034】
[比較例1]
使用するポリアミド酸溶液に脱水環化剤を添加しないことと焼成条件以外は実施例1と同様にして、定着ベルトを得た。焼成条件としては、120℃から200℃までを60分から90分間で昇温加熱した。その後、300℃で30分間加熱して、定着ベルトを得た。この定着ベルトのイミド化率は95%であった。この定着ベルトを電磁誘導加熱で170℃〜180℃加熱させ、定着試験したところ、5万枚でニッケル層の亀裂による定着異常が起こった。また、該定着ベルトのMIT試験法による耐屈曲回数は3000回で金属層とポリイミド層が剥離した。
【0035】
[比較例2]
焼成条件以外は比較例1と同様にして、定着ベルトを得た。焼成条件としては、120℃から200℃までを60分〜90分間で昇温加熱した。その後、400℃で30分間加熱して、定着ベルトを得た。この定着ベルトのイミド化率は100%であった。この定着ベルトを電磁誘導加熱で170℃〜180℃に加熱させ、定着試験したところ、1万枚でニッケル層の亀裂による定着異常が起こった。また、該定着ベルトのMIT試験法による耐屈曲回数は2000回で金属層とポリイミド層が剥離した。
【0036】
以上の結果を表1にまとめた。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 2004012669
表1の結果が示すように、ポリアミド酸に脱水環化剤を添加してイミド化した実施例1では、機械的特性と可撓性に優れるため耐久性が高くなる。これに対して、脱水環化剤を含まない比較例1〜2では、イミド化率を高めても耐久性が低下した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトの一例を示す断面図
【図2】本発明の電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトの使用状態を示す概略構成図
【符号の説明】
1    ポリイミド樹脂層
2    金属層
3    弾性層
4    離型層
5    定着ベルト
6    加圧ロール
7    ガイドロール
8    励磁コイル
9    トナー
10   記録材[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating including a polyimide resin layer, a metal layer formed on the surface thereof and generating heat by electromagnetic induction, and a release layer formed on the outermost peripheral surface. It is useful as a fixing belt used in an apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine, a laser beam printer, and a facsimile, a fixing method of fixing an unfixed toner image formed on a recording material by heating and pressing is used. Conventionally, as a fixing method, a heat roller method was generally used.However, since the heat capacity of the roller is large, it takes time to heat the heat roller, a long waiting time at start-up, and a large power consumption. An endless belt system has been adopted in which toner on transfer paper is heated by the heat of a heater through a thin seamless belt. In the fixing by the endless belt method, since the toner is heated using the heat of the heater only through the thin plastic film having a low heat capacity, there is an advantage that the waiting time becomes almost zero and the power consumption is small. However, since each method uses heating by a heater, there is a problem that heat dissipation is large, and a method of instantly heating the belt itself using electromagnetic induction has been devised.
[0003]
In the method of heating the belt itself using electromagnetic induction, a high-frequency magnetic field generated by applying a high-frequency current to the coil induces an induced eddy current in the metal layer of the belt, and causes the metal layer itself to generate Joule heat by the skin resistance of the metal layer. As a result, quick and efficient heating becomes possible. In addition, a metal layer that generates heat by electromagnetic induction is formed on the surface of the polyimide resin layer, and a release layer is formed on the outermost surface because the inner surface must have slidability and the outermost layer must have toner release properties to be used as a fixing belt The used composite tubular article is used.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the polyimide resin layer is generally used by imidizing by heating, and when this is used for a fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating, in particular, the durability of the fixing belt due to mechanical stress is increased. There was a problem of inferiority.
[0005]
Therefore, as in JP-A-2001-341231, a method of suppressing the imidization ratio of the polyimide resin layer to be low and improving the flexibility has been studied. However, lowering the imidization ratio not only lowers the mechanical properties but also lowers the dimensional stability due to heating, cooling and moisture absorption, making the fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating exposed to severe environmental changes durable. It turned out that there was a problem with sex.
[0006]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic induction heating device having excellent mechanical properties and flexibility and excellent dimensional stability, so that it is difficult to generate mechanical stress with a metal layer and has high durability even in a severe use environment. An object of the present invention is to provide a fixing belt.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, if a polyamic acid is added with a dehydration cyclizing agent and chemically imidized, a product having a high imidization rate at a low temperature can be obtained. The inventors have found that a polyimide layer having excellent mechanical properties and flexibility can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.
[0008]
That is, the fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating of the present invention comprises a polyimide resin layer, a metal layer formed on the surface thereof and generating heat by electromagnetic induction, and a release layer formed on the outermost peripheral surface. In the belt, the polyimide resin layer contains an imidized product obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid in the presence of a dehydrating cyclizing agent, and the imidized product has an imidization ratio of 95 to 100%.
[0009]
In the above, the dehydrating cyclizing agent is preferably a mixture of a dehydrating agent and a catalyst. Further, it is preferable that the number of flexing resistances by the MIT test method (JISP8115) is 5000 or more.
[0010]
(Function and effect)
According to the fixing belt of the present invention, since a polyamic acid is imidized by adding a dehydrating cyclizing agent, as shown in the results of the examples, a polyimide layer having a high imidization ratio is obtained, and mechanical properties and flexibility are improved. Since it is excellent and has excellent dimensional stability due to heating and cooling and moisture absorption, it is hard to generate mechanical stress with the metal layer, and it becomes a highly durable fixing belt for fixing by electromagnetic induction heating which is exposed to a severe environment. The reason why such an effect can be obtained by adding a dehydrating cyclizing agent to imidize is unknown, but hydrolysis of polyamic acid (low molecular weight) is compared with the case of thermal imidization. Is small, and the orientation effect produced when the solvent is evaporated is large, so that it is presumed that the flexibility is excellent even when the imidization ratio is 95% or more.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating according to the present invention.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, the fixing belt of the present invention includes a polyimide resin layer 1, a metal layer 2 formed on the surface thereof and generating heat by electromagnetic induction, and a release layer 4 formed on the outermost peripheral surface. In the present embodiment, an example in which an elastic layer 3 is provided between the metal layer 2 and the release layer 4 will be described.
[0013]
For the metal layer 2, it is preferable to use nickel, copper, aluminum or the like having an appropriate linear expansion coefficient and electric resistance. The thickness of the metal layer 2 is preferably from 3 to 35 μm, more preferably from 5 to 15 μm. If the thickness is smaller than this, the electromagnetic energy cannot be absorbed by the metal layer, so that the efficiency is deteriorated and the leaked magnetic flux tends to heat the surrounding metal. On the other hand, if the thickness of the fixing belt is too large, the fixing belt becomes hard and loses flexibility, and the heat capacity of the fixing belt itself tends to increase, so that the fixing belt tends to be hardly heated.
[0014]
A release layer 4 is provided on the outermost peripheral surface on the upper layer side of the metal layer 2 to reliably release the toner. Examples of the release layer 4 include a fluorine resin and a silicone resin. The thickness of the release layer 4 is preferably 10 to 50 μm. Further, in order to improve the adhesion of the release layer 4, a primer having heat resistance can be used.
[0015]
Further, between the metal layer 2 and the release layer 4, it is more preferable to form the elastic layer 3 of silicone rubber or fluorine rubber in order to heat and press the toner more reliably. When the elastic layer 3 is provided, the thickness is preferably 50 to 200 μm.
[0016]
The polyimide resin forming the polyimide resin layer 1 provided on the inner surface of the metal layer 2 is a polyamic acid solution obtained by reacting approximately equimolar amounts of tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof and a diamine in an organic solvent, It can be obtained by solvent removal and chemical imidization.
[0017]
Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride 2,3,3 ', 4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride Product, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2'-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dianhydride Anhydride, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like can be mentioned.
[0018]
Specific examples of the diamine reacted with such a tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, and 3,3'-diamine. Dichlorobenzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'- Biphenyldiamine, benzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylpropane, 2, 4-bis (β-amino-t-butyl) toluene, bis ( -Β-amino-t-butylphenyl) ether, bis (p-β-methyl-t-aminophenyl) benzene, bis-p- (1,1-dimethyl-5-amino-pentyl) benzene, 1-isopropyl- 2,4-m-phenylenediamine, m-xylylenediamine, p-xylylenediamine, di (p-aminocyclohexyl) methane, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, Diaminopropyltetramethylene, 3-methylheptamethylenediamine, 4,4-dimethylheptamethylenediamine, 2,11-diaminododecane, 1,2-bis-3-aminopropoxyethane, 2,2-dimethylpropylenediamine, 3 -Methoxyhexamethylenediamine, 2,5- Methylheptamethylenediamine, 3-methylheptamethylenediamine, 5-methylnonamethylenediamine, 2,11-diaminododecane, 2,17-diaminoeicosadecane, 1,4-diamilclohexane, 1,10-diamino -1,10-dimethyldecane, 1,12-diaminooctadecane, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, piperazine, H 2 N (CH 2 ) 3 O (CH 2 ) 2 OCH 2 NH 2 , H 2 N (CH 2 ) 3 S (CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 NH 2 , H 2 N (CH 2 ) 3 N (CH 3 ) CH 2 NH 2 , and the like. As the diamine, it is particularly preferable to use an aromatic diamine as a main component.
[0019]
In the present invention, in particular, a polymer composed of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine, a copolymer containing them as a main component, and pyromellitic dianhydride Polymers composed of benzidine derivatives and copolymers containing these as a main component are preferred because of their high elastic modulus. In particular, those having a linear expansion coefficient of 20 ppm / ° C. or less are preferably used.
[0020]
The monomer concentration for obtaining the polyamic acid is preferably 5 to 30% by weight. The reaction temperature is preferably set to 80 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 5 to 50 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably about 0.5 to 10 hours.
[0021]
The solvent of the polyamic acid solution as the precursor solution is not particularly limited, but N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or the like is used. In the thermal imidization using the polyamic acid solution, it takes time in the process of forming a film by skipping the solvent, the hydrolysis of the polyamic acid proceeds by unnecessary heat, and the physical properties of the polyimide film are easily reduced. In this method, chemical imidization is used. In the method of chemically imidizing, the imidization can be performed at a low temperature by using a dehydrating cyclizing agent, and the imidization can be almost completed when the solvent is evaporated to form a film. In addition, since the polyamic acid is less hydrolyzed and the orientation effect generated when the solvent is evaporated is large, a belt having excellent flexibility can be obtained even when the imidization ratio is 95% or more.
[0022]
As the dehydrating cyclizing agent for chemically imidizing polyamic acid, it is preferable to use a mixture of a dehydrating agent and a catalyst. Examples of the dehydrating agent include various acid anhydrides, for example, aliphatic acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, butyric anhydride, and propionic anhydride, and aromatic acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride. A preferred acid anhydride is acetic anhydride, and these acid anhydrides can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount added is 0.4 to 2.0 equivalents, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 equivalent, per 1 unit of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution. If the addition amount of the dehydrating agent is less than 0.3 equivalent, it is difficult to obtain the effect of chemical imidization, and if it exceeds 2.0 equivalents, the curing or addition amount within several hours at room temperature increases the polyamic acid. Mixing with the solution tends to be difficult.
[0023]
Examples of the catalyst include tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tributylamine, dimethylaniline, pyridine, α-picoline, β-picoline, γ-picoline, isoquinoline and lutidine, and 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3. [0] nonene-5, 1,5-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7 and the like. The addition amount is 0.04 to 0.3 equivalent, preferably 0.05 to 0.2 equivalent, per 1 unit of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution. If the added amount is less than 0.04 equivalent, the effect of the catalyst is not sufficient, and conversely, the molecular weight is reduced to prevent curing and the film cannot be formed, and even if added in more than 0.3 equivalent, the effect does not change.
[0024]
The dehydrating agent and the catalyst are dissolved in an organic solvent in advance, diluted, and then added to the polyamic acid and mixed.First, a polyamic acid solution in which only the catalyst is mixed with the polyamic acid solution is prepared. Mixing quickly is preferred.
[0025]
The polyamic acid solution to which the cyclizing agent has been added is applied to the inner surface of a composite tubular article composed of a metal layer having a release layer provided on the outermost peripheral surface. As a coating method, a polyamic acid solution to which the dehydrating cyclizing agent is added is supplied to the inner surface of the composite tubular article by a dispenser and a spray, and then a bullet or spherical body made of metal, plastic, glass, or the like is run. And the solvent is removed by heating and drying to form a polyimide resin layer.
[0026]
The thickness of the polyimide layer 1 is preferably 10 to 50 μm from the viewpoint of mechanical properties such as strength and flexibility of the polyimide resin. The imidization ratio is preferably 95% or more. If it is less than 95%, the mechanical strength is inferior, and the dimensional stability due to heating / cooling and moisture absorption also deteriorates. The imidization in the present invention is preferably performed at 200 to 350 ° C, more preferably 250 to 300 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 200 ° C., it tends to take too much time to make the imidation ratio 95% or more. If it exceeds 350 ° C., the strength tends to be easily reduced due to thermal decomposition.
[0027]
The imidation ratio in the present invention is defined as a ratio of the amount of the imide ring formed by the reaction to the amount of the imide ring when the reaction is completely completed. For the measurement of the imidation ratio, FTIR / ATR measurement of the surface of the polyimide resin layer was performed, and the absorbance of a peak near 1773 cm −1 based on the COO vibration of the imide ring and 1514 −1 based on the skeleton vibration of the benzene ring were measured. The absorbance ratio of the peak was determined, and the imidation ratio when the same polyimide resin was baked at 400 ° C. was assumed to be 100%.
[0028]
Imidation ratio [%] = (a / b) / (A / B) × 100
[A: 1773cm -1 vicinity absorbance peak, b: 1514cm -1 vicinity absorbance peaks, A: 400 ° C. during baking 1773Cm -1 vicinity absorbance peak, B: 400 ° C. during baking 1514Cm around -1 Absorbance of peak)
The fixing belt of the present invention has a high imidization ratio polyimide layer chemically imidized by a dehydrating cyclizing agent, so that it has excellent mechanical properties and flexibility, and has dimensional stability due to heating and cooling and moisture absorption. Also, since it is excellent in mechanical stress with the metal layer, it is preferably used in an electromagnetic induction heating system exposed to a severe environment.
[0029]
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the electromagnetic induction heating type fixing device guides rotation and sliding of the fixing belt 5, and is disposed opposite to a guide roll 7 on which an exciting coil 8 is disposed. And a pressure roll 6 driven by a non-driving mechanism. The recording material 10 onto which the toner 9 has been transferred is nipped between the pressure roller 6 and the fixing belt 5 on the surface of the guide roller 7, and passes through the nip portion by driving the pressure roller 6. At this time, the fixing belt 5 is heated by electromagnetic induction of the excitation coil 8, and the toner 9 is fixed on the recording material 10 by the heat and the pressure of the nip portion.
[0030]
In addition, there are various types of fixing devices of the electromagnetic induction heating type, but the fixing belt of the present invention can be used with any device as long as it is an electromagnetic induction heating type.
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples and the like specifically illustrating the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described.
[0032]
[Example 1]
Dissolve 496.9 g of BPDA (3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride) and 182.5 g of PDA (p-phenylenediamine) in 2000 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) Then, the mixture was reacted while stirring at room temperature for 6 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a polyamic acid solution of 140 Pa · s. 40 g of acetic anhydride and 2.70 g of isoquinoline were added dropwise to 400 g of this polyamic acid solution, followed by stirring and mixing for 15 minutes to obtain a polyamic acid solution containing a cyclizing agent. On a nickel film having an outer diameter of 30 mm, a width of 350 mm and a thickness of 0.03 mm prepared in advance, a silicone rubber of 0.40 mm was formed as an elastic layer using a primer, and as a release layer, After applying the primer, a PFA dispersion was applied, dried, and fired in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a fluororesin layer serving as a release layer having a thickness of 30 μm. A polyamic acid solution containing a dehydrating cyclizing agent was applied to the inner surface of the composite tubular article, and heated and heated from 80 ° C to 200 ° C for 30 to 60 minutes. Thereafter, heating was performed at 300 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a fixing belt of the present invention. The imidation ratio of the fixing belt was 100%. The thickness of the polyimide resin was 50 μm.
[0033]
The fixing belt was heated to 170 to 180 ° C. by electromagnetic induction heating and subjected to a fixing test. As a result, 100,000 sheets could be fixed without any problem. In addition, the fixing belt had a flex resistance of 6,000 times according to the MIT test method (JISP8115), and no abnormality occurred.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 1]
A fixing belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the dehydrating cyclizing agent was not added to the polyamic acid solution to be used and the firing conditions were the same. As firing conditions, the temperature was increased from 120 ° C. to 200 ° C. for 60 minutes to 90 minutes. Thereafter, heating was performed at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a fixing belt. The imidation ratio of this fixing belt was 95%. The fixing belt was heated at 170 ° C. to 180 ° C. by electromagnetic induction heating and subjected to a fixing test. As a result, fixing errors due to cracks in the nickel layer occurred on 50,000 sheets. The metal layer and the polyimide layer were peeled off after the fixing belt had a bending resistance of 3,000 times according to the MIT test method.
[0035]
[Comparative Example 2]
A fixing belt was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except for the firing conditions. As firing conditions, the temperature was increased from 120 ° C. to 200 ° C. for 60 minutes to 90 minutes. Thereafter, heating was performed at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a fixing belt. The imidation ratio of this fixing belt was 100%. The fixing belt was heated to 170 ° C. to 180 ° C. by electromagnetic induction heating, and a fixing test was performed. As a result, fixing abnormality occurred due to cracks in the nickel layer on 10,000 sheets. The metal layer and the polyimide layer were peeled off when the fixing belt had a flex resistance of 2000 times according to the MIT test method.
[0036]
Table 1 summarizes the above results.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004012669
As shown in the results of Table 1, in Example 1 in which the polyamic acid was imidized by adding a dehydrating cyclizing agent, the mechanical properties and flexibility were excellent, and thus the durability was high. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which did not contain the dehydrating cyclizing agent, the durability was lowered even when the imidation ratio was increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a use state of the fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Polyimide resin layer 2 Metal layer 3 Elastic layer 4 Release layer 5 Fixing belt 6 Pressure roll 7 Guide roll 8 Exciting coil 9 Toner 10 Recording material

Claims (3)

ポリイミド樹脂層と、その表面に形成され電磁誘導により発熱する金属層と、最外周面に形成された離型層とを備える電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルトにおいて、
前記ポリイミド樹脂層は脱水環化剤の存在下でポリアミド酸をイミド化したイミド化物を含有し、そのイミド化物のイミド化率が95〜100%であることを特徴とする電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルト。
A polyimide resin layer, a metal layer formed on the surface thereof and generating heat by electromagnetic induction, and a fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating including a release layer formed on the outermost peripheral surface,
The polyimide resin layer contains an imidized product obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid in the presence of a dehydrating cyclizing agent, and the imidation ratio of the imidized product is 95 to 100%. .
前記脱水環化剤は、脱水剤と触媒との混合物である請求項1記載の電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルト。The fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating according to claim 1, wherein the cyclizing agent is a mixture of a dehydrating agent and a catalyst. MIT試験法(JISP8115)による耐屈曲回数が5000回以上である請求項1又は2に記載の電磁誘導発熱用定着ベルト。The fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of times of bending resistance according to the MIT test method (JISP8115) is 5000 or more.
JP2002164118A 2002-06-05 2002-06-05 Fixing belt for electromagnetic induction heating Pending JP2004012669A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7424256B2 (en) * 2004-04-26 2008-09-09 Ricoh Company Limited Intermediate transfer belt and image forming apparatus and image forming method using the same
JP2012086482A (en) * 2010-10-21 2012-05-10 Nitto Denko Corp Method of manufacturing seamless belt
US8755726B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2014-06-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Fixing belt and fixing apparatus
US10990048B1 (en) 2019-11-01 2021-04-27 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Fixing belt, fixing device, and image forming apparatus
US11327425B2 (en) 2019-11-01 2022-05-10 Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp. Fixing belt, fixing device, and image forming apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7424256B2 (en) * 2004-04-26 2008-09-09 Ricoh Company Limited Intermediate transfer belt and image forming apparatus and image forming method using the same
JP2012086482A (en) * 2010-10-21 2012-05-10 Nitto Denko Corp Method of manufacturing seamless belt
US8755726B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2014-06-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Fixing belt and fixing apparatus
US10990048B1 (en) 2019-11-01 2021-04-27 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Fixing belt, fixing device, and image forming apparatus
US11327425B2 (en) 2019-11-01 2022-05-10 Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp. Fixing belt, fixing device, and image forming apparatus

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