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JP2004002187A - Water and oil repellent coating - Google Patents

Water and oil repellent coating Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004002187A
JP2004002187A JP2003132146A JP2003132146A JP2004002187A JP 2004002187 A JP2004002187 A JP 2004002187A JP 2003132146 A JP2003132146 A JP 2003132146A JP 2003132146 A JP2003132146 A JP 2003132146A JP 2004002187 A JP2004002187 A JP 2004002187A
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group
water
film
sicl
fluorocarbon
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazufumi Ogawa
一文 小川
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP3024024A external-priority patent/JPH04239633A/en
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Priority to JP2003132146A priority Critical patent/JP2004002187A/en
Publication of JP2004002187A publication Critical patent/JP2004002187A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/42Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of particles only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/43Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
    • C03C2217/44Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
    • C03C2217/445Organic continuous phases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/43Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
    • C03C2217/46Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
    • C03C2217/47Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/43Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
    • C03C2217/46Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
    • C03C2217/47Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
    • C03C2217/475Inorganic materials
    • C03C2217/478Silica

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】ガラス基体1の表面にシリケートガラス膜(ガラス状シリカ下地層)3を設け、この上にフロロカーボン基およびシロキサン基を含むポリマー膜状又は単分子膜状の撥水撥油膜4を脱塩酸反応または脱アルコール反応によって化学結合し、撥水撥油性能が高く耐久性の高いガラス基体を提供する。
【解決手段】ガラス基体1の表面にガラス状シリカ下地層3を形成し、この上に、例えばCFCHO(CH15SiClなどのフッ素系界面活性剤を非水系の溶媒とともに薄く塗布し、脱塩化水素反応を起こさせフッ素基を含む分子をシリカ下地層表面に結合させて耐久性の良い撥水撥油性の優れた被膜4を得る。
【選択図】  図3
A silicate glass film (glassy silica underlayer) 3 is provided on the surface of a glass substrate 1, and a water- and oil-repellent film 4 in the form of a polymer film or a monomolecular film containing a fluorocarbon group and a siloxane group is dehydrochlorinated thereon. A glass substrate which is chemically bonded by a reaction or dealcoholization reaction and has high water / oil repellency and high durability.
A glassy silica base layer is formed on the surface of a glass substrate, and a fluorine-based surfactant such as CF 3 CH 2 O (CH 2 ) 15 SiCl 3 is added on the base layer together with a non-aqueous solvent. A thin coating is applied to cause a dehydrochlorination reaction to bind molecules containing fluorine groups to the surface of the silica base layer, thereby obtaining a coating 4 having good durability and excellent water and oil repellency.
[Selection diagram] FIG.

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、撥水撥油性ガラス基体に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、ガラス基体表面にアンダーコート層を設け、その上に撥水撥油性被膜を設ける発明に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、建物や電化製品、乗り物、産業機器、鏡、眼鏡レンズ等には、耐熱性、耐候性、耐摩耗性で且つ防汚機能を有する超薄膜コーティングが要求されている。
【0003】
このような撥水撥油防汚を目的としたコーティング膜の製造方法として、現在、フロロカーボン系ポリマーを焼き付ける方法が知られている。
【0004】
この方法では、基体の表面をサンドブラシ、ワイヤブラシや化学エッチング等で荒し、さらにプライマー等を塗布した後、さらにポリ4フッ化エチレン等のフロロカーボン系微粉末をエタノール等に懸濁させた塗料を塗布し、乾燥後400℃程度で1時間程度ベーキング(焼き付け処理)をおこない、基体表面にフロロカーボン系ポリマーを焼き付ける方法が一般的であった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、この方法では製造が容易である反面、ポリマーと基体は単にアンカー効果でのみ接着されているに過ぎないため、基体との密着性に限界があり、耐久性に劣っていた。また、コーティング膜表面は400℃の高温ベーキングをおこなうため表面が平坦化されて良好な撥水撥油面が得られなかった。従って、電化製品や自動車、産業機器等の撥水撥油性のコーティング膜を必要とする機器の製造方法としては不十分であった。
【0006】
以上述べてきた従来法の欠点に鑑み、本発明の目的は、基体と密着性よく且つピンホール無く、しかも表面の撥水撥油性が優れたフッ素系コーティング膜を形成した撥水撥油性ガラス基体を提供し、建物や電化製品、乗り物、産業機器等の撥水撥油性に優れた耐熱性、耐候性、耐摩耗性コーティングを必要とする機器の性能を向上させることにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、本発明の撥水撥油性ガラス基体は、ガラス基体と、
前記ガラス基体の少なくとも一部を被覆した微粒子を含む凸凹を有する下地層と、
前記下地層上に形成されたフッ素を含むポリマー膜とを備え、
前記ポリマー膜は前記下地層にシロキサン結合を介して前記下地層上に形成されている。
【0008】
前記ガラス基体においては、フッ素を含むポリマー膜は、シラン基及び複数の分子長の異なるフルオロカーボン基を有する物質よりなり、膜表面に分子レベルの凸凹をさらに有することが好ましい。
【0009】
また前記フッ素を含むポリマー膜の濡れ角は130度以上であることが好ましい。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においては、撥水撥油性膜の原料として、ペルフルオロアルキル アルキル シランである、一般式CF−(CF−R−SiXCl3−p(nは0または整数、Rはアルキル基、エ チレン基、アセチレン基、またはSi、酸素原子を含む置換基、XはHまたはアルキレン基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基またはこれらの誘導体から選ばれる置換基、pは0,1または2)、またはCF−(CF−R−SiY(OA)3−q(nは0または整数、Rはアルキレン基、エチレン基、アセチレン基、またはSi、酸素原子を含む置換基、XはHまたはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基またはこれらの誘導体から選ばれる置換基、OAはアルコキシ基(ただし、AはHまたはアルキル基)、qは0,1または2)で示される化合物を用いると、防汚性を向上する上で好ましい。
【0011】
また前記ガラス基体においては、ペルフルオロアルキル アルキル シランで処理されている撥水撥油性被膜が、ポリマー状または単分子膜状であることが好ましい。
【0012】
ここで、ペルフルオロアルキル アルキル シランが、下記の化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一つであることが好ましい。
(1)  CF(CF(CHSiCl
(2)  CF(CF(CHSiCl
(3)  CFCHO(CH15SiCl
(4)  CF(CHSi(CH(CH15SiCl
(5)  F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl
(6)  CFCOO(CH15SiCl
(7)  CF(CF(CHSiCl
(8)  F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl
(9)  F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl
(10) CFCHO(CH15Si(OCH
(11) CF(CF(CHSi(OC
(12) CF(CHSi(CH(CH15Si(OCH
(13) F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSi(OCH(14) CFCOO(CH15Si(OC
さらに、シリカ下地層により基体の表面が粗面化されていると好都合である。
【0013】
さらにまた、シリカ下地層の表面の粗面化の程度が、サブミクロン乃至ミクロンオーダの凸凹であると撥水撥油機能を向上させる上で好ましい。
【0014】
また、シリカ下地層とペルフルオロアルキル アルキル シランとが、脱塩化水素反応又は脱アルコール反応により処理されていると耐久性を向上する上で好ましい。
【0015】
また、シリカ下地層が、ガラス基材表面にシリケートグラスを塗布し、さらに加熱処理またはプラズマアッシング処理することにより形成されていると耐久性を向上する上で好ましい。
【0016】
さらに、シリカ下地層が、ガラス基材表面にSiCl、SiHCl、SiHCl、Cl−(SiClO)−SiCl(nは整数)から選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物を接触させ、脱塩化水素反応および加水分解反応させることにより形成されていると透明性が優れた撥水撥油膜を得る上で好ましい。
【0017】
一方、前記方法においては、ガラス基体の表面に形成したシリカ下地層と、ペルフルオロアルキル アルキルシランとを接触後、脱塩化水素反応又は脱アルコール反応させる工程を含めることが耐久性向上のため好ましい。
【0018】
また、ペルフルオロアルキル アルキル シランとして、一般式CF−(CF−R−SiXCl(nは0または整数、Rはアルキレン基、エチレン基 、アセチレン基、またはSi、酸素原子を含む置換基、XはHまたはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基またはこれらの誘導体から選ばれる置換基、pは0,1または2)、またはCF−(CF−R−SiY(OA)(nは0または整数、Rはアルキレン基、エチレン基、アセチレン基、またはSi、酸素原子を含む置換基、OAはアルコキシ基(ただし、AはHまたはアルキル基)、qは0,1または2)で示される化合物を用いる方が短時間で処理できて好ましい。
【0019】
ここで、ペルフルオロアルキル アルキル シランが、下記の化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一つであることが好ましい。
(1)  CF(CF(CHSiCl
(2)  CF(CF(CHSiCl
(3)  CFCHO(CH15SiCl
(4)  CF(CHSi(CH(CH15SiCl
(5)  F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl
(6)  CFCOO(CH15SiCl
(7)  CF(CF(CHSiCl
(8)  F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl
(9)  F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl
(10) CFCHO(CH15Si(OCH
(11) CF(CF(CHSi(OC
(12) CF(CHSi(CH(CH15Si(OCH
(13) F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSi(OCH
(14) CFCOO(CH15Si(OC
さらに、シリカ下地層形成時にシリケートグラスに微粒子を混合しておき、基体の非濡れ性表面を粗面化する防汚性を向上する上で好都合である。
【0020】
さらに、ガラス基材表面にシリケートグラスを塗布し、さらに加熱処理またはプラズマアッシング処理することによりシリカ下地層を形成すると下地層形成が簡単になる。
【0021】
また、ガラス基材表面にSiCl、SiHCl、SiHCl、Cl−(SiClO)−SiCl(nは整数)から選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物 を接触させ、脱塩化水素反応および加水分解反応させることにより形成すると透明度に優れたシリカ下地層を形成する上で好都合である。
【0022】
次に本発明の第1番目の実施形態は、基体表面にシリカ下地層を形成する工程と、フロロカーボン基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を混合した非水系の溶媒を塗布する工程、またはフロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質を混合した溶媒を塗布する工程と加熱処理を行う工程を含む。
【0023】
次に本発明の第2番目の実施形態は、基体の表面に凸凹を作成する工程と、クロロシリル基を複数個含む物質を混ぜた非水系溶媒に接触させて前記基体表面の水酸基と前記クロロシリル基を複数個含む物質のクロロシリル基とを反応させて前記物質を前記基体表面に析出させる工程と、非水系有機溶媒を用い前記基体上に残った余分なクロロシリル基を物質を洗浄除去した後、水と反応させて、前記基体上にシラノール基を複数個含む物質より成るシリカ単分子膜(この膜をシリカ下地層ともいう)を形成する工程と、一端にクロルシラン基(SiCl3−n基、n=1、2、3、Xは官能基)を有し他の一端に直鎖状フッ化炭素基を含むクロロシラン系界面活性剤を基体表面に化学吸着し単分子吸着膜を累積する工程とを含む。
【0024】
前記本発明の第1または2番目の実施形態においては、基体表面に凸凹なシリカリカ下地層を形成する工程において、微粒子及びシリケートグラスを混合し基体表面に塗布した後、基体諸とも加熱ベーキングを行なう方法、電解エッチング法、化学エッチング法、サンドブラスト法、スパッタリング法、またはラビング法から選ばれる少なくとも一種の方法を用いる。
【0025】
また前記本発明の第1または2番目の実施形態においては、基体表面にシリカ下地層(以下、シリカ単分子膜も含めてシリカ下地層という)を形成する工程と、一端にクロルシラン基(SiCl3−n基、n=1、2、3、Xは官能基)を有するフロロカーボン系直鎖分子からなるフロロシラン系界面活性剤を用いて基体上に化学吸着膜を形成する工程とを含む。
【0026】
また前記本発明の第1または2番目の実施形態においては、フロロカーボン基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質として、CF−(CF−R−SiXCl3−p(ペルフルオロアルキル アルキル シラン系のペルフルオロアルキル アルキル クロロシラン;nは0または整数、Rはアルキレン基、エチレン基、アセチレン基、またはSi、酸素原子を含む置換基、XはHまたはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基またはこれらの誘導体から選ばれる置換基、pは0,1または2)を用いる。
【0027】
また前記本発明の第1または2番目の実施形態においては、フロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質として、CF−(CF−R−SiY(OA)3−p(ペルフルオロアルキル アルキルシラン系のペルフルオロアルキル アルキル アルコキシシラン;nは0または整数、Rはアルキレン基、エチレン基、アセチレン基、またはSi、酸素原子を含む置換基、XはHまたはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基またはこれらの誘導体から選ばれる置換基、OAはアルコキシ基(ただし、AはHまたはアルキル基)、qは0,1または2)を用いる。
【0028】
前記本発明の実施形態によれば、シリカ下地層が形成された基体の表面に、少なくともシロキサン結合を介してフッ素を含む化学吸着単分子膜が形成されているので、基体と密着性よく且つピンホール無く、しかも撥水撥油性(非濡れ性)、耐熱性、耐候性、耐摩耗性等が優れたフッ素系コーティング膜とすることができる。
【0029】
また、本発明においては、予めフロロカーボン系コーティング膜形成用基体表面に、ガラス微粒子及びシリケートグラスを混合塗布後ベーキングして表面がサブミクロン乃至ミクロンオーダで凸凹のガラス状シリカ下地層を作成したり、基体そのものをエッチングやサンドブラスト処理して粗面加工する工程を含めることにより、後工程で作成されたフロロカーボン系コーティング膜の表面に微細な凸凹を形成できる作用がある。従って、表面に任意の凸凹のあるきわめて撥水撥油性の優れたフロロカーボン系コーティング膜(以下、フロロカーボン系ポリマー膜ともいう。)を形成できる。
【0030】
なお、このときフロロカーボン基を有するポリマーは−O−を介して基体と化学結合されているため、極めて密着性が優れている。
【0031】
また微粒子を塗布する方法においては、表面の凸凹の荒さは、シリケートグラスに添加する微粒子の直径と添加量で制御できる。
【0032】
さらにまた、表面に凸凹を作成する工程の後、クロロシリル基を複数個含む物質を混ぜた非水系溶媒に接触させて前記基体表面の水酸基と前記クロロシリル基を複数個含む物質のクロロシリル基とを反応させて前記物質を前記基体表面に析出させる工程と、非水系有機溶媒を用い前記基体上に残った余分なクロロシリル基を複数個含む物質を洗浄除去した後水と反応させる工程を挿入し、前記基体上にシラノール基を複数個含む純粋なシリカ単分子膜を形成する工程と、一端にクロルシラン基(SiCl3−n基、n=1、2、3、Xは官能基)を有し他の一端に直鎖状フッ化炭素基を含むクロロシラン系界面活性剤を基体表面に化学吸着し単分子吸着膜を累積する工程を行なえば、より分子吸着密度の大きなフッ化炭素系(フロロカーボン系)化学吸着単分子膜を作製できる作用がある。
【0033】
また、フロロカーボン基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質としては、CF−(CF−R−SiXCl3−p、さらにフロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質としては、CF−(CF−R−SiY(OA)3−pを用いることが可能である(ここで、n、R、p、qは、前記と同じである。)。
【0034】
さらに、形成されたフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜の硬度を調節するためには、フロロカーボン基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を混ぜた非水系の溶媒の場合は、前記物質の架橋剤としてSiXCl4−s(XはHまたはアルキル基などの置換基、sは0または1または2)を添加して用い、フロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質を混ぜた溶媒の場合は、架橋剤としてSiY(OA)4−t(Yはアルキル基などの置換基、OAはアルコキシ基、(ただし、AはHまたはアルキル基)tは0または1または2)を用いることで、作成されたフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜内の3次元架橋密度が調整でき、表面に形成された非濡れ性フロロカーボン系ポリマー膜の硬度を制御できる作用がある。
【0035】
【実施例】
本発明が適用できる基体としては、ガラス、セラミック、金属、プラスチック等様々なものがあるが、ガラス基体に適用するのが最も好ましい。以下一例を挙げて説明する。なお、以下の実施例においては、単に%としているのは、重量%を意味する。
【0036】
(実施例1)
たとえば、図1に示すように、親水性基体1(ガラス)の表面に直径が1乃至20ミクロン(好ましくは10ミクロン程度)のシリカ微粒子2(例えば、旭硝子社製のミクロシェヤアーゲルDF10−60Aまたは120A等)及びシリケートグラス(例えば、信越化学工業社製のハードコーティング剤KP−1100Aまたは1100Bや東京応化工業社製のSi−80000等がある。これらのコーティング剤は、コーティング後加熱処理することでシリカ被膜になる。)を1:1程度の組成で混合しキャスト法で塗布した後、温度:500℃、30分加熱処理したりプラズマアッシング(300W、20分程度)を行うと、表面にミクロンオーダの凸凹のあるガラス状のシリカ下地層(以下シリカ下地層ともいう)3が形成できた(図2)。次に、フロロカーボン基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を混合した非水系の溶媒(例えば、CF−(CF−R−SiXCl3−p(n、R、X、pは前記したとおり)を数パーセントの濃度でノルマルヘキサデカン90%、クロロホルム10%の溶媒に溶解したもの)を塗布し、水分を含む雰囲気中で、温度:200℃、30分程度ベーキングを行うと、ガラス状のシリカ下地層3の表面は−OH基が露出しているため、フッ素を含むクロロシラン系界面活性剤のクロロシリル基と−OH基が脱塩酸反応して表面に、…Si(O−)の結合が生成され、表面にミクロンオーダの凸凹のあるガラス状のシリカ下地層表面にフッ素を含むシロキサンフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜4が化学結合した状態で凸凹に形成された(図2)。
【0037】
例えば、ガラス基体表面に、微粒子として直径が約10ミクロンのDF10−60A、シリケートグラスとしてKP−1100Aを用いディップコートし350℃で熱処理(ベーキング)すると、表面に10ミクロン(μm)程度の凸凹のあるガラス状のシリカ下地層が得られた。さらにその後、CFCHO(CH15SiClを用い、1重量%程度の濃度で溶かした80%n−ヘキサデカン、12%四塩化炭素、8%クロロホルム溶液を調整し、前記表面にSiOH結合を数多く持つポリシロキサン塗膜の形成された基体表面に塗布し、水分を含む雰囲気中で、温度:200℃、30分程度ベーキングを行なうと、CFCHO(CH15Si(O−)の結合が生成され、10ミクロン程度の凸凹を持つ1〜5ミクロン厚さのシロキサンフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜(フロロカーボン系コーティング膜ともいう)4が製造できた(図2)。なお、この塗膜は碁番目試験を行なっても殆ど剥離することがなかった。
【0038】
このときまた、フロロカーボン基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を混合した非水系の溶媒中に前記物質の架橋剤としてSiXCl(XはHまたはアルキル基などの置換基、sは0または1または2)を添加(例えば、SiClを3重量パーセント)しておけば、CFCHO(CH15Si(O−)の結合が−Si(O−)の結合を介して3次元的に架橋されて、SiClを添加してない場合に比べ約2倍の硬度のフロロカーボン系コーティング膜が製造できた。
【0039】
ちなみに、このようにして作成された表面に10ミクロン(μm)程度の凹凸があるフロロカーボン系コーティング膜の水滴5に対する濡れ角度は約130〜140度であった(図3)。
【0040】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様に、図1に示したように基体上に表面が凸凹なガラス状のシリカ下地層を形成した後、フロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質を混合したアルコール溶媒(例えば、CF−(CF−R−SiY(OA)3−q(nは0または整数、Rはアルキレン基、エチレン基、アセチレン基、Siまたは酸素原子を含む置換基、YはHまたはアルキル基などの置換基、OAはアルコキシ基(ただし、AはHまたはアルキル基)、qは0または1または2)を数パーセントの濃度でメタノールに溶解したもの)を塗布し、温度:200℃、30分程度ベーキングを行うとガラス状のシリカ下地層3は表面に−OH基が露出しているため、フッ素を含むアルコキシシラン系界面活性剤のアルコキシ基と−OH基が脱アルコール反応して表面に−Si(O−)の結合が生成され、凸凹なガラス状のシリカ下地層表面にフッ素を含むシロキサンフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜が実施例1と同様に形成された。
【0041】
例えば、CFCHO(CH15Si(OCHを用い、1%程度の濃度で溶かしたエタノール溶液を調整し、前記表面にSiOH結合を数多く持つポリシロキサン塗膜(この膜も、シリカ下地膜である)の形成された基体表面に塗布し、200℃、30分程度ベーキングを行なうと、CFCHO(CH15Si(O−)の結合が生成され、10ミクロン程度の凸凹のある1〜5ミクロン厚さのフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜4が製造できた(図2)。なお、この塗膜は碁番目試験を行なっても殆ど剥離することがなかった。
【0042】
また、このときフロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質を混合した溶媒中に前記物質の架橋剤としてSiY(OA)4−t(Yはアルキル基などの置換基、OAはアルコキシ基、(ただし、AはHまたはアルキル基)tは0または1または2)を添加(例えば、Si(OCHを5重量パーセント)しておけば、CFCHO(CH15Si(O−)の結合が、−Si(O−)の結合を介して3次元的に架橋されて、Si(OCHを添加してない場合に比べ約2〜2.5倍の硬度のフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜が製造できた。
【0043】
ちなみに、このようにして作成された表面に10ミクロン程度の凹凸があるフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜に水滴5を滴下した場合、水滴は突起部でのみフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜と接触するので、図3に示した如く極めて撥水性が高く、水に対する濡れ角度は約135〜140度であった。
【0044】
このときまた、フロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質を混合した溶媒中に前記物質の架橋剤としてSi(OCを10重量パーセント添加しておいた場合、約4倍の硬度のフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜が製造できた。また、同様のコーティングをフロロカーボン系ポリマー(ポリ4フッ化エチレン)の微粒子をさらに20%分散添加したフロロカーボン基及びアルコキシシラン基を含む物質を混合した非水系の溶媒を用いて行った場合、硬度は従来並となったが従来に比べて極めて密着性が優れた撥水撥油性の高いフロロカーボン系ポリマー膜が製造できた。
【0045】
さらにまた、上記実施例では試薬としてCFCHO(CH15Si(OCH、CF(CF(CHSi(OCを用いたが、アルキル鎖部分にエチレン基やアセチレン基を付加したり組み込んでおけば、塗膜形成後5メガラド程度の電子線照射で架橋できるのでさらに10倍程度の硬度の塗膜も容易に得られる。
【0046】
またフロロカーボン系界面活性剤として上記のもの以外にも、CF(CHSi(CH(CH15Si(OCH、F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSi(OCH、CFCOO(CH15Si(OC等が利用できる。
【0047】
(実施例3)
実施例1と同様に、図1に示したようにガラス基体上に表面が凸凹なガラス状のシリカ下地層を形成した後、フロロカーボン基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を混合した非水系の溶媒、例えば、CF(CF(CHSiClを用い、1%程度の濃度で溶かした80%n−ヘキサデカン、12%四塩化炭素、8%クロロホルム溶液を調整し、前記表面にSiOH結合を数多く持つ単分子膜の形成された基材を30分程度浸漬すると、基体表面にCF(CF(CHSi(O−)の結合が生成され、フッ素を含む撥水撥油膜4(化学吸着単分子 膜)がガラス状のシリカ下地層と化学結合した状態で凸凹に形成できた(図4)。なお、この撥水撥油膜4’(単分子膜)は碁番目試験を行なっても全く剥離することがなかった。また、この場合、フロロカーボン基は配向した状態で表面に形成されるため、表面エネルギーが極めて低く、水に対する濡れ角度は135〜145度であった。
【0048】
さらにまた、上記実施例では、フロロカーボン系界面活性剤としてCF(CF(CHSiClを用いたが、アルキル鎖部分にエチレン基やアセチレン基を付加したり組み込んでおけば、単分子膜形成後5メガラド程度の電子線照射で架橋できるのでさらに硬度を向上させることも可能である。
【0049】
なお、フロロカーボン系界面活性剤として上記のもの以外にもCFCHO(CH15SiCl、CF(CHSi(CH(CH15SiCl、F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl、CFCOO(CH15SiCl等が利用できる。
【0050】
(実施例4)
まず、加工の終了したガラス板を用意し、有機溶媒で洗浄した後、表面をサンドブラスト法を用いて粗面処理して表面にサブミクロン(0.1乃至1.0)オーダーの凸凹、例えば0.4乃至0.9ミクロン程度凸凹を形成する。なお、この方法以外にフッ酸を用いた化学エッチング法やサンドペーパーによるラビング法が利用できる。次に、フッ化炭素基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を混合した非水系の溶媒、例えば、CF(CF(CHSiClを用い、1%程度の濃度で溶かした80%n−ヘキサデカン(トルエン、キシレン、ジシクロヘキシルでもよい)、12%四塩化炭素、8%クロロホルム溶液を調整し、前記ガラス板を2時間程度浸漬すると、ガラス板の表面は自然酸化膜が形成されており、その酸化膜表面には水酸基が多数含まれているので、フッ化炭素基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質のSiCl基と前記水酸基が反応し脱塩酸反応が生じガラス表面全面に亘り、CF(CF(CHSi(O−)の結合が生成され、フッ素を含む単分子膜ガガラス板の表面と化学結合した状態で約15オングストロームの膜厚で形成できた。なお、単分子膜はきわめて強固に化学結合しているので全く剥離することがなかった。なお、ガラス板の材質が、アクリル樹脂やポリカーボネート樹脂等のプラスチックの場合には、粗面化処理後、表面をプラズマ処理(300W、10分程度)して表面を酸化し親水性とすること、および吸着液をフレオン溶剤に換えることで同様の技術を用いることが可能であつた。
【0051】
このガラス板を用い実使用を試みたが、処理しないものに比べ汚物の付着を大幅に低減できた、また、たとえ付着した場合にもブラシでこする程度で簡単に除去できた。このとき、傷は全く付かなかった。また、油脂分汚れでも除去は水洗のみで可能であった。水に対する濡れ性は蓮の葉並みであり、濡れ角度は155度であった。
【0052】
(実施例5)
親水性ではあるが水酸基を含む割合が少ないアルミ板6の場合、表面を電解エッチングして表面に0.5乃至0.8ミクロン程度凸凹を形成する。
【0053】
なおこの方法以外にフッ酸を用いた化学エッチング法や真空中でのプラズマによるスパッタリング法、サンドペーパーによるラビング法などが利用できる。また金属ならすべて同じように使用可能であるが、材質が、アクリル樹脂やポリカーボネート樹脂等のプラスチックの場合には、表面を荒した後、200W、10分程度プラズマ処理して表面を酸化し親水性とすることで、同様の技術を用いることが可能となる。
【0054】
次に、クロロシリル基を複数個含む物質(例えば、SiCl、またはSiHCl、SiHCl、Cl−(SiClO)−SiCl(nは整数)、特に、SiClを用いれば、分子が小さく水酸基に対する活性も大きいので、アルミ板表面を均一に親水化する効果が大きい)を混合した非水系溶媒、例えばクロロホルム溶媒に1重量パーセント溶解した溶液に30分間程度浸漬すると、アルミ板表面には親水性の−OH基が多少とも存在するので表面で脱塩酸反応が生じクロロシリル基を複数個含む物質のクロロシラン単分子膜が形成される。
【0055】
例えば、クロロシリル基を複数個含む物質としてSiClを用いれば、アルミ板表面には少量の親水性の−OH基が露出されているので、表面で脱塩酸反応が生じClSiO−  や  ClSi(O−)の様に分子が−SiO−結合を介して表面に固定される。
【0056】
その後、非水系の溶媒例えばクロロホルムで洗浄して、さらに水で洗浄すると、アルミ板と反応していないSiCl分子は除去され、アルミ板表面に(OH)SiO−  や  (OH)Si(O−)等のシロキサン単分子膜7(純粋なシリカ下地層)が得られた。
【0057】
なお、このときできた単分子膜はアルミ板とは−SiO−の化学結合を介して完全に結合されているので剥がれることが全く無い。また、得られた単分子膜は表面にSiOH(シラノール)結合を数多く持つ。当初の水酸基の約3倍程度の数が生成される。
【0058】
そこでさらに、フッ化炭素基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を混合した非水系の溶媒、例えば、CF(CF(CHSiClを用い、1%程度の濃度で溶かした80%n−ヘキサデカン、12%四塩化炭素、8%クロロホルム溶液を調整し、前記表面にSiOH結合を数多く持つシリカ単分子膜の形成されたアルミ板を1時間程度浸漬すると、アルミ板表面にCF(CF(CHSi(O−)の結合が生成され、フッ素を含むポリマー膜4が下層のシロキサン単分子膜と化学結合した状態でアルミ板表面全面に亘り約15nmの膜厚で形成できた(図5)。なお、このポリマー膜は剥離試験を行なっても全く剥離することがなかった。また、水に対する濡れ角度は約155度であった。
【0059】
さらにまた、上記実施例では、フッ化炭素系界面活性剤としてCF(CF(CHSiClを用いたが、フッ化炭素系界面活性剤として上記のもの以外にもCFCHO(CH15SiCl、CF(CHSi(CH(CH15SiCl、F(CF(CHSi(CH3)2(CHSiCl、CFCOO(CH15SiCl、CF(CF(CHSiCl等が利用できる。
【0060】
なお、実施例5において、アルミ板の代わりにガラス板を用い、フッ化炭素基及びクロロシラン基を含む物質を化学吸着する際、防曇効果を付与するため親水性のままで残したい面(例えば内面)に有機溶媒不溶性の親水性被膜(例えば、ポバール(ポリビニルアルコール)やプルランの水溶液を塗布し数ミクロン厚さのとする)を形成しておくことで、吸着終了後前記親水性被膜を水洗除去して、表面が撥水撥油防汚性単分子膜で、内面が親水性の水酸基を有する単分子膜(シロキサンより成るシリカ膜)の透光ガラスが得られた。このガラスで防曇効果を確かめたが、親水性のままで残したガラス面は、水に対してきわめて濡れ易く全く曇ることがなかった。
【0061】
また、吸着用試薬の分子の長さを変えたもの2種を混合して(例えば、F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiClと、F(CF(CHSi(CH(CHSiCl、あるいは、CF(CF(CHSiClと、CF(CF(CHSiClの組合せで、組成を3:1〜1:3とする)吸着すれば、部材表面を分子レベルで凸凹にする事が可能であり、撥水撥油性がさらに良くなる。
【0062】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した通り、本発明の方法を用いれば、ガラス基体に撥水撥油性膜の優れたフロロカーボン系単分子膜を基体と化学結合した状態で高密度にピンホール無く形成できる。従って、耐久性が極めて高く撥水撥油性の優れた高性能フロロカーボン系被膜を提供できる効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1の撥水撥油性被膜の製造工程を説明するための工程断面概念図である。
【図2】本発明の実施例1の撥水撥油性被膜の製造工程を説明するための工程断面概念図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例1の撥水撥油性被膜上に水滴を滴下した場合の断面概念図である。
【図4】本発明の実施例3においての単分子膜状撥水撥油性被膜の製造工程を説明するために分子レベルまで拡大した撥水撥油性被膜の断面概念図である。
【図5】実施例5において、図2におけるA部分を分子レベルまで拡大した撥水撥油性被膜断面概念図である。
【符号の説明】
1    ガラス基体
2    微粒子
3    シリケートガラス膜
4    ポリマー膜状撥水撥油膜
4’  単分子膜状撥水撥油膜
5    水滴
6    アルミ板
7    シロキサン単分子膜
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water / oil repellent glass substrate. More specifically, the present invention relates to an invention in which an undercoat layer is provided on the surface of a glass substrate, and a water / oil repellent coating is provided thereon.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, buildings, electrical appliances, vehicles, industrial equipment, mirrors, spectacle lenses, and the like have been required to have an ultra-thin coating having heat resistance, weather resistance, abrasion resistance, and an antifouling function.
[0003]
As a method for producing a coating film for the purpose of such water repellency, oil repellency and antifouling, a method of baking a fluorocarbon polymer is known at present.
[0004]
In this method, the surface of the substrate is roughened with a sand brush, a wire brush, chemical etching, or the like, and after further applying a primer or the like, a paint in which a fluorocarbon-based fine powder such as polytetrafluoroethylene is further suspended in ethanol or the like is used. After coating, drying and baking (baking) at about 400 ° C. for about 1 hour, a fluorocarbon polymer is baked on the surface of the substrate.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, this method is easy to manufacture, but the polymer and the substrate are simply bonded only by the anchor effect, so that the adhesion to the substrate is limited and the durability is poor. Further, the surface of the coating film was baked at a high temperature of 400 ° C., so that the surface was flattened, and a good water / oil repellent surface could not be obtained. Therefore, this method is not sufficient as a method for manufacturing a device requiring a water- and oil-repellent coating film such as an electric appliance, an automobile, and an industrial device.
[0006]
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional method, an object of the present invention is to provide a water- and oil-repellent glass substrate formed with a fluorine-based coating film having good adhesion to a substrate, no pinholes, and excellent surface water and oil repellency. To improve the performance of equipment requiring heat-resistant, weather-resistant, and abrasion-resistant coatings having excellent water and oil repellency, such as buildings, electric appliances, vehicles, and industrial equipment.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the water- and oil-repellent glass substrate of the present invention is a glass substrate,
An underlayer having irregularities including fine particles covering at least a part of the glass substrate,
A fluorine-containing polymer film formed on the underlayer,
The polymer film is formed on the underlayer through a siloxane bond.
[0008]
In the glass substrate, the polymer film containing fluorine is preferably made of a substance having a silane group and a plurality of fluorocarbon groups having different molecular lengths, and it is preferable that the film surface further has molecular level irregularities.
[0009]
The fluorine-containing polymer film preferably has a wetting angle of 130 degrees or more.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the raw material of the water- and oil-repellent film is a perfluoroalkyl-alkyl-silane represented by the general formula CF3− (CF2)n-R-SiXpCl3-p(N is 0 or an integer, R is an alkyl group, an ethylene group, an acetylene group, or a substituent containing Si or an oxygen atom, X is H or a substituent selected from an alkylene group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group, or a derivative thereof. Group, p is 0, 1 or 2), or CF3− (CF2)n-R-SiYq(OA)3-q(N is 0 or an integer, R is an alkylene group, an ethylene group, an acetylene group, or a substituent containing Si or an oxygen atom, X is a substituent selected from H or an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group, or a derivative thereof. , OA is preferably an alkoxy group (where A is H or an alkyl group) and q is 0, 1 or 2 in view of improving antifouling properties.
[0011]
Further, in the glass substrate, the water- and oil-repellent coating treated with perfluoroalkyl {alkyl} silane is preferably in the form of a polymer or a monomolecular film.
[0012]
Here, the perfluoroalkyl {alkyl} silane is preferably at least one selected from the following compounds.
(1) $ CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2SiCl3
(2) $ CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3
(3) $ CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSiCl3
(4) CF3(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)FifteenSiCl3
(5) $ F (CF2)4(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9SiCl3
(6) CF3COO (CH2)FifteenSiCl3
(7) $ CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2SiCl3
(8) ΔF (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9SiCl3
(9) $ F (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)6SiCl3
(10) $ CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (OCH3)3
(11) $ CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2Si (OC2H5)3
(12) @CF3(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)FifteenSi (OCH3)3
(13) ΔF (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9Si (OCH3)3(14) @CF3COO (CH2)FifteenSi (OC2H5)3
Furthermore, it is advantageous if the surface of the substrate is roughened by the silica underlayer.
[0013]
Furthermore, it is preferable that the degree of surface roughening of the surface of the silica underlayer is in the order of submicron to micron in order to improve the water / oil repellency.
[0014]
In addition, it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving durability that the silica base layer and the perfluoroalkyl {alkyl} silane are treated by a dehydrochlorination reaction or a dealcoholization reaction.
[0015]
In addition, it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving durability that the silica base layer is formed by applying silicate glass to the surface of a glass substrate and further performing a heat treatment or a plasma ashing treatment.
[0016]
Furthermore, a silica base layer is formed on the surface of the glass substrate by SiCl.4, SiHCl3, SiH2Cl2, Cl- (SiCl2O)n-SiCl3(N is an integer) is preferably formed by contacting at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a contact and a dehydrochlorination reaction and a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a water- and oil-repellent film having excellent transparency.
[0017]
On the other hand, in the above-mentioned method, it is preferable to include a step of performing a dehydrochlorination reaction or a dealcoholation reaction after contacting the silica base layer formed on the surface of the glass substrate with the perfluoroalkyl-alkylsilane to improve durability.
[0018]
Further, as a perfluoroalkyl {alkyl} silane, a compound represented by the general formula CF3− (CF2)n-R-SiXpCl3p(N is 0 or an integer, R is an alkylene group, an ethylene group, an acetylene group, or a substituent containing Si or an oxygen atom, X is H or a substituent selected from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group, or a derivative thereof. , P is 0, 1 or 2), or CF3− (CF2)n-R-SiYq(OA)3q(N is 0 or an integer, R is an alkylene group, an ethylene group, an acetylene group, or a substituent containing Si or an oxygen atom, OA is an alkoxy group (where A is H or an alkyl group), q is 0, 1 or 2 It is preferable to use the compound represented by the formula (1) because the compound can be treated in a short time.
[0019]
Here, the perfluoroalkyl {alkyl} silane is preferably at least one selected from the following compounds.
(1) $ CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2SiCl3
(2) $ CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3
(3) $ CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSiCl3
(4) CF3(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)FifteenSiCl3
(5) $ F (CF2)4(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9SiCl3
(6) CF3COO (CH2)FifteenSiCl3
(7) $ CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2SiCl3
(8) ΔF (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9SiCl3
(9) $ F (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)6SiCl3
(10) $ CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (OCH3)3
(11) $ CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2Si (OC2H5)3
(12) @CF3(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)FifteenSi (OCH3)3
(13) ΔF (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9Si (OCH3)3
(14) @CF3COO (CH2)FifteenSi (OC2H5)3
Further, fine particles are mixed in the silicate glass at the time of forming the silica base layer, which is convenient for improving the antifouling property of roughening the non-wetting surface of the substrate.
[0020]
Further, when a silicate glass is applied to the surface of the glass base material and further subjected to a heat treatment or a plasma ashing treatment to form a silica base layer, the formation of the base layer is simplified.
[0021]
In addition, SiCl4, SiHCl3, SiH2Cl2, Cl- (SiCl2O)n-SiCl3(N is an integer) is preferably formed by contacting at least one compound か ら selected from (n is an integer) and subjecting the compound to a dehydrochlorination reaction and a hydrolysis reaction to form a silica underlayer having excellent transparency.
[0022]
Next, a first embodiment of the present invention comprises a step of forming a silica underlayer on the surface of a substrate, a step of applying a non-aqueous solvent in which a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group is mixed, or a step of applying a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxy group. The method includes a step of applying a solvent in which a substance containing a silane group is mixed and a step of performing a heat treatment.
[0023]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention includes a step of forming irregularities on the surface of the substrate, and contacting a hydroxyl group on the surface of the substrate with the chlorosilyl group by bringing the substrate into contact with a non-aqueous solvent mixed with a substance containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups. Reacting the substance with a chlorosilyl group of a substance containing a plurality of such substances to precipitate the substance on the surface of the substrate, and washing and removing the excess chlorosilyl group remaining on the substrate using a non-aqueous organic solvent; To form a silica monomolecular film made of a substance containing a plurality of silanol groups (this film is also referred to as a silica underlayer) on the substrate, and a chlorosilane group (SiClnX3-nGroup, n = 1, 2, 3, and X is a functional group) and a chlorosilane-based surfactant containing a linear fluorocarbon group at the other end is chemically adsorbed on the substrate surface to accumulate a monomolecular adsorption film. And a step.
[0024]
In the first or second embodiment of the present invention, in the step of forming an uneven silica silica base layer on the surface of the substrate, fine particles and silicate glass are mixed and applied to the surface of the substrate, and then the substrates are heated and baked. At least one method selected from a method, an electrolytic etching method, a chemical etching method, a sand blast method, a sputtering method, and a rubbing method is used.
[0025]
Further, in the first or second embodiment of the present invention, a step of forming a silica base layer (hereinafter, referred to as a silica base layer including a silica monomolecular film) on a substrate surface, and a chlorosilane group (SiClnX3-nForming a chemisorption film on a substrate using a fluorosilane-based surfactant comprising a fluorocarbon-based linear molecule having a group, n = 1, 2, 3, and X is a functional group).
[0026]
In the first or second embodiment of the present invention, the substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group is CF.3− (CF2)n-R-SiXpCl3-p(Perfluoroalkyl alkyl silane-based perfluoroalkyl alkyl chlorosilane; n is 0 or an integer, R is an alkylene group, ethylene group, acetylene group, or Si, a substituent containing an oxygen atom, X is H or an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, A substituent selected from an allyl group or a derivative thereof, and p is 0, 1 or 2).
[0027]
In the first or second embodiment of the present invention, the substance containing a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxysilane group is CF3− (CF2)n-R-SiYq(OA)3-p(Perfluoroalkyl alkylsilane-based perfluoroalkyl alkyl alkoxysilane; n is 0 or an integer, R is an alkylene group, ethylene group, acetylene group, or a substituent containing an oxygen atom, X is H or an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group , An allyl group or a substituent selected from these derivatives, OA is an alkoxy group (where A is H or an alkyl group), and q is 0, 1 or 2).
[0028]
According to the embodiment of the present invention, since the chemically adsorbed monomolecular film containing fluorine is formed at least through a siloxane bond on the surface of the substrate on which the silica underlayer is formed, the substrate has good adhesion to the substrate and a pin. A fluorine-based coating film having no holes and excellent water / oil repellency (non-wetting), heat resistance, weather resistance, abrasion resistance and the like can be obtained.
[0029]
Further, in the present invention, a glass fine particle and silicate glass are mixed and coated on the surface of the fluorocarbon-based coating film forming substrate in advance, and then baked to form a glassy silica base layer having an irregular surface with a submicron to micron order, By including a step of performing roughening by etching or sandblasting the substrate itself, there is an effect that fine irregularities can be formed on the surface of a fluorocarbon-based coating film formed in a later step. Therefore, it is possible to form a fluorocarbon-based coating film (hereinafter, also referred to as a fluorocarbon-based polymer film) having any surface irregularities and excellent water and oil repellency.
[0030]
At this time, since the polymer having a fluorocarbon group is chemically bonded to the base via -O-, the adhesion is extremely excellent.
[0031]
In the method of applying the fine particles, the roughness of the surface irregularities can be controlled by the diameter and the amount of the fine particles added to the silicate glass.
[0032]
Furthermore, after the step of forming irregularities on the surface, the substrate is brought into contact with a non-aqueous solvent mixed with a substance containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups to react the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the substrate with the chlorosilyl groups on the substance containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups. And depositing the substance on the surface of the substrate, and washing and removing a substance containing a plurality of excess chlorosilyl groups remaining on the substrate using a non-aqueous organic solvent, and then reacting the substance with water. A step of forming a pure silica monomolecular film containing a plurality of silanol groups on a substrate, and a chlorosilane group (SiClnX3-nGroup, n = 1, 2, 3, and X is a functional group) and a chlorosilane-based surfactant containing a linear fluorocarbon group at the other end is chemically adsorbed on the substrate surface to accumulate a monomolecular adsorption film. By performing the process, there is an effect that a fluorocarbon-based (fluorocarbon-based) chemically adsorbed monomolecular film having a higher molecular adsorption density can be produced.
[0033]
Examples of the substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group include CF.3− (CF2)n-R-SiXpCl3-pAnd a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxysilane group include CF.3− (CF2)n-R-SiYq(OA)3-p(Where n, R, p, and q are the same as described above).
[0034]
Further, in order to adjust the hardness of the formed fluorocarbon polymer film, in the case of a non-aqueous solvent mixed with a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group, SiX is used as a crosslinking agent for the substance.sCl4-s(X is a substituent such as H or an alkyl group, s is 0 or 1 or 2), and a solvent containing a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxysilane group is used.t(OA)4-t(Y is a substituent such as an alkyl group, OA is an alkoxy group, where A is H or an alkyl group, and t is 0, 1 or 2), thereby providing three-dimensional cross-linking in the fluorocarbon polymer film formed. It has the effect of adjusting the density and controlling the hardness of the non-wetting fluorocarbon polymer film formed on the surface.
[0035]
【Example】
As the substrate to which the present invention can be applied, there are various substrates such as glass, ceramic, metal, and plastic, and it is most preferable to apply the invention to a glass substrate. This will be described below with reference to an example. In the following examples, simply using% means% by weight.
[0036]
(Example 1)
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, on a surface of a hydrophilic substrate 1 (glass), silica fine particles 2 having a diameter of 1 to 20 microns (preferably about 10 microns) (for example, Micro Shear Gel DF10- manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) 60A or 120A) and silicate glass (for example, a hard coating agent KP-1100A or 1100B manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Si-80000 manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) These coating agents are subjected to heat treatment after coating. Is mixed at a composition of about 1: 1 and applied by a casting method, and then subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 500 ° C. for 30 minutes or plasma ashing (300 W, about 20 minutes) to obtain a surface. A glass-like silica underlayer (hereinafter also referred to as a silica underlayer) 3 having irregularities on the order of microns was formed on the substrate (see FIG. 1). ). Next, a non-aqueous solvent (for example, CF) mixed with a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group is used.3− (CF2)n-R-SiXpCl3-p(N, R, X, and p are as described above) in a concentration of several percent dissolved in a solvent of 90% normal hexadecane and 10% chloroform), and in an atmosphere containing moisture, at a temperature of 200 ° C. After baking for about 30 minutes, the surface of the glassy silica base layer 3 has exposed -OH groups, so that the chlorosilyl group of the fluorine-containing chlorosilane-based surfactant and the -OH groups undergo a dehydrochlorination reaction to cause a dehydrochlorination reaction. , ... Si (O-)3Was formed, and the siloxane fluorocarbon polymer film 4 containing fluorine was irregularly formed on the surface of the glassy silica base layer having irregularities on the order of microns on the surface (FIG. 2).
[0037]
For example, when DF10-60A having a diameter of about 10 microns as fine particles and KP-1100A as a silicate glass are dip-coated on the surface of a glass substrate and heat-treated (baked) at 350 ° C., the surface has irregularities of about 10 μm (μm). A glassy silica underlayer was obtained. After that, CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSiCl3An 80% n-hexadecane, 12% carbon tetrachloride, 8% chloroform solution dissolved at a concentration of about 1% by weight was used to prepare a substrate surface on which a polysiloxane coating film having a large number of SiOH bonds was formed. And baked in an atmosphere containing moisture at a temperature of 200 ° C. for about 30 minutes.3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (O-)3Was produced, and a siloxane fluorocarbon-based polymer film 4 (also referred to as a fluorocarbon-based coating film) 4 having a thickness of 1 to 5 μm having irregularities of about 10 μm was produced (FIG. 2). In addition, the coating film hardly peeled off even when the goth test was performed.
[0038]
At this time, SiX is used as a cross-linking agent for the substance in a non-aqueous solvent mixed with a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group.sCl4s(X is H or a substituent such as an alkyl group, and s is 0 or 1 or 2).43% by weight), CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (O-)3Is bonded to -Si (O-)3Cross-linked three-dimensionally through the bond of4A fluorocarbon-based coating film having a hardness approximately twice that of the case where no was added could be produced.
[0039]
Incidentally, the wetting angle of the fluorocarbon-based coating film having the irregularities of about 10 microns (μm) on the surface of the water droplet 5 was about 130 to 140 degrees (FIG. 3).
[0040]
(Example 2)
As in Example 1, as shown in FIG. 1, after forming a glassy silica base layer having an uneven surface on a substrate, an alcohol solvent (for example, CF) mixed with a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxysilane group was formed.3− (CF2)n-R-SiYq(OA)3-q(N is 0 or an integer, R is an alkylene group, an ethylene group, an acetylene group, a substituent containing an Si or oxygen atom, Y is a substituent such as H or an alkyl group, OA is an alkoxy group (where A is H or alkyl Base), q is 0 or 1 or 2) dissolved in methanol at a concentration of several percent) and baked at a temperature of 200 ° C. for about 30 minutes to form a glassy silica underlayer 3 on the surface. Since the OH group is exposed, the alkoxy group of the fluorine-containing alkoxysilane-based surfactant and the -OH group undergo a dealcoholization reaction to form -Si (O-) on the surface.3Was formed, and a siloxane fluorocarbon-based polymer film containing fluorine was formed on the surface of the uneven glass-like silica underlayer in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0041]
For example, CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (OCH3)3A solution of ethanol dissolved at a concentration of about 1% is prepared using the method described above, and is applied to the surface of a substrate on which a polysiloxane coating film having many SiOH bonds (this film is also a silica base film) is formed, After baking at 200 ° C for about 30 minutes, CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (O-)3Was produced, and a fluorocarbon polymer film 4 having a thickness of 1 to 5 μm having irregularities of about 10 μm was produced (FIG. 2). In addition, the coating film hardly peeled off even when the goth test was performed.
[0042]
At this time, SiY as a crosslinking agent for the substance is mixed in a solvent in which a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxysilane group is mixed.t(OA)4-t(Y is a substituent such as an alkyl group, OA is an alkoxy group, (where A is H or an alkyl group) t is 0 or 1 or 2) (for example, Si (OCH3)45% by weight), CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (O-)3Is bonded to -Si (O-)3Is cross-linked three-dimensionally through the bond of Si (OCH3)4A fluorocarbon polymer film having a hardness about 2 to 2.5 times that of the case where no was added could be produced.
[0043]
By the way, when the water droplet 5 is dropped on the fluorocarbon polymer film having irregularities of about 10 μm on the surface formed in this way, the water droplet comes into contact with the fluorocarbon polymer film only at the protruding portion, and therefore, FIG. The water repellency was extremely high, and the wetting angle to water was about 135 to 140 degrees.
[0044]
At this time, Si (OCC) is used as a cross-linking agent for the substance in a solvent in which a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxysilane group is mixed.3H7)4When 10% by weight was added, a fluorocarbon polymer film having a hardness about four times as high as that of Example 1 could be produced. When the same coating is performed using a non-aqueous solvent in which a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and an alkoxysilane group in which fine particles of a fluorocarbon polymer (polytetrafluoroethylene) are further dispersed and added by 20% is mixed, the hardness is as follows. A fluorocarbon polymer film having a water-repellent and oil-repellent property, which was as good as the conventional one but was much more excellent in adhesion than the conventional one, could be produced.
[0045]
Furthermore, in the above example, CF was used as the reagent.3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSi (OCH3)3, CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2Si (OC2H5)3However, if an ethylene group or an acetylene group is added to or incorporated into the alkyl chain portion, the film can be cross-linked by electron beam irradiation of about 5 megarads after the film is formed, so that a film having a hardness of about 10 times can be easily formed. can get.
[0046]
In addition to the above fluorocarbon surfactants, CF3(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)FifteenSi (OCH3)3, F (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9Si (OCH3)3, CF3COO (CH2)FifteenSi (OC2H5)3Etc. are available.
[0047]
(Example 3)
As in Example 1, a non-aqueous solvent obtained by mixing a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group after forming a glassy silica base layer having an uneven surface on a glass substrate as shown in FIG. , CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3A 80% n-hexadecane, 12% carbon tetrachloride, 8% chloroform solution dissolved at a concentration of about 1% was prepared by using the above method. After immersion for about a minute, CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2Si (O-)3Was formed, and the water- and oil-repellent film 4 containing fluorine (chemically-adsorbed monomolecular film) was formed unevenly in a state chemically bonded to the glassy silica underlayer (FIG. 4). The water- and oil-repellent film 4 '(monomolecular film) did not peel off at all even when the cross test was performed. In this case, since the fluorocarbon group was formed on the surface in an oriented state, the surface energy was extremely low, and the wetting angle to water was 135 to 145 degrees.
[0048]
Furthermore, in the above example, CF was used as the fluorocarbon surfactant.3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3However, if an ethylene group or an acetylene group is added to or incorporated into the alkyl chain portion, the crosslinking can be achieved by electron beam irradiation of about 5 megarads after the formation of the monomolecular film, so that the hardness can be further improved.
[0049]
In addition, other than the above fluorocarbon surfactants, CF3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSiCl3, CF3(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)FifteenSiCl3, F (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9SiCl3, CF3COO (CH2)FifteenSiCl3Etc. are available.
[0050]
(Example 4)
First, a processed glass plate is prepared, washed with an organic solvent, and the surface is roughened using a sand blast method to form a submicron (0.1 to 1.0) irregularity, for example, 0 μm on the surface. Form irregularities of about 0.4 to 0.9 microns. In addition to this method, a chemical etching method using hydrofluoric acid or a rubbing method using sandpaper can be used. Next, a non-aqueous solvent mixed with a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group, for example, CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3Using 80% n-hexadecane (may be toluene, xylene, dicyclohexyl), 12% carbon tetrachloride, 8% chloroform solution dissolved at a concentration of about 1%, and immersing the glass plate for about 2 hours, Since a natural oxide film is formed on the surface of the glass plate and the surface of the oxide film contains a large number of hydroxyl groups, SiCl groups of a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group react with the hydroxyl groups to remove hydrochloric acid. A reaction occurs and the entire surface of the glass is CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2Si (O-)3Was formed, and a monomolecular film containing fluorine was formed to a thickness of about 15 angstroms in a state chemically bonded to the surface of the glass plate. In addition, since the monomolecular film was extremely strongly chemically bonded, there was no peeling at all. When the glass plate is made of a plastic such as an acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin, after the surface is roughened, the surface is plasma-treated (300 W, about 10 minutes) to oxidize the surface to make it hydrophilic. It was possible to use the same technique by replacing the adsorbent with a Freon solvent.
[0051]
An attempt was made to use the glass plate for actual use, but the adhesion of dirt was significantly reduced as compared with the case where no treatment was performed, and even if it adhered, it could be easily removed by rubbing with a brush. At this time, no scratch was made. In addition, the removal of oil and fat stains was possible only by washing with water. The wettability to water was similar to that of a lotus leaf, and the wetting angle was 155 degrees.
[0052]
(Example 5)
In the case of an aluminum plate 6 which is hydrophilic but has a small proportion of hydroxyl groups, the surface is electrolytically etched to form irregularities of about 0.5 to 0.8 microns.
[0053]
In addition to this method, a chemical etching method using hydrofluoric acid, a sputtering method using plasma in a vacuum, a rubbing method using sandpaper, or the like can be used. All metals can be used in the same manner. However, if the material is plastic such as acrylic resin or polycarbonate resin, the surface is roughened, and the surface is oxidized and hydrophilically treated by plasma treatment at 200 W for about 10 minutes. By doing so, a similar technique can be used.
[0054]
Next, a substance containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups (for example, SiCl4Or SiHCl3, SiH2Cl2, Cl- (SiCl2O)n-SiCl3(N is an integer), especially SiCl4Is used, since the molecule is small and has a large activity against hydroxyl groups, the effect of uniformly hydrophilizing the surface of the aluminum plate is high). Since the surface of the aluminum plate has some hydrophilic —OH groups, a dehydrochlorination reaction occurs on the surface to form a chlorosilane monomolecular film of a substance containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups.
[0055]
For example, as a substance containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups, SiCl4Is used, a small amount of hydrophilic --OH groups are exposed on the surface of the aluminum plate, so that a dehydrochlorination reaction occurs on the surface and Cl3SiO- or Cl2Si (O-)2Is immobilized on the surface via a -SiO- bond.
[0056]
Thereafter, when the substrate is washed with a non-aqueous solvent such as chloroform and further washed with water, SiCl not reacted with the aluminum plate is obtained.4The molecules are removed and (OH)3SiO- and (OH)2Si (O-)2Thus, a siloxane monomolecular film 7 (pure silica underlayer) was obtained.
[0057]
Since the monomolecular film formed at this time is completely bonded to the aluminum plate through the chemical bond of -SiO-, it does not peel off at all. Moreover, the obtained monomolecular film has many SiOH (silanol) bonds on the surface. About three times the number of the original hydroxyl groups are generated.
[0058]
Therefore, a non-aqueous solvent mixed with a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group, for example, CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3An 80% n-hexadecane, 12% carbon tetrachloride, 8% chloroform solution dissolved at a concentration of about 1% was prepared using the above method, and an aluminum plate having a silica monomolecular film having a large number of SiOH bonds on the surface was prepared. When immersed for about 1 hour, CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2Si (O-)3Thus, a polymer film 4 containing fluorine was chemically bonded to the underlying siloxane monomolecular film to form a film having a thickness of about 15 nm over the entire surface of the aluminum plate (FIG. 5). This polymer film did not peel at all even when a peeling test was performed. The wetting angle with water was about 155 degrees.
[0059]
Furthermore, in the above example, CF was used as the fluorocarbon surfactant.3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3Was used, but CF fluorocarbon surfactants other than those described above were used.3CH2O (CH2)FifteenSiCl3, CF3(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)FifteenSiCl3, F (CF2)4(CH2)2Si (CH3) 2 (CH2)9SiCl3, CF3COO (CH2)FifteenSiCl3, CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2SiCl3Etc. are available.
[0060]
In Example 5, when a glass plate is used instead of an aluminum plate and a substance containing a fluorocarbon group and a chlorosilane group is chemically adsorbed, a surface to be left hydrophilic to impart an antifogging effect (for example, By forming an organic solvent-insoluble hydrophilic film (for example, by applying an aqueous solution of poval (polyvinyl alcohol) or pullulan to a thickness of several microns) on the inner surface), the hydrophilic film is washed with water after the adsorption is completed. The light-transmitting glass having a water-repellent, oil-repellent, antifouling monomolecular film on the surface and a hydrophilic hydroxyl-containing monomolecular film (silica film made of siloxane) on the inner surface was obtained. The antifogging effect of this glass was confirmed, but the glass surface left hydrophilic remained very wet with water and did not fog at all.
[0061]
In addition, two kinds of reagents having different lengths of molecules for adsorption are mixed (for example, F (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)9SiCl3And F (CF2)8(CH2)2Si (CH3)2(CH2)6SiCl3Or CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3And CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2SiCl3If the composition is adsorbed, the surface of the member can be made uneven at the molecular level, and the water / oil repellency is further improved.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, when the method of the present invention is used, a fluorocarbon-based monomolecular film having an excellent water- and oil-repellent film can be formed on a glass substrate at a high density without pinholes while being chemically bonded to the substrate. Therefore, there is an effect that a high-performance fluorocarbon-based coating having extremely high durability and excellent water and oil repellency can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view illustrating a process of manufacturing a water- and oil-repellent coating according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a water- and oil-repellent coating of Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a case where water droplets are dropped on the water- and oil-repellent coating of Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a water- and oil-repellent coating enlarged to a molecular level in order to explain a manufacturing process of a monomolecular film-like water- and oil-repellent coating in Example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a water- and oil-repellent coating obtained by enlarging a portion A in FIG. 2 to a molecular level in Example 5.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Glass substrate
2 Fine particles
3 silicate glass film
4) Water- and oil-repellent polymer film
4 'monomolecular film water / oil repellent film
5 drops of water
6 aluminum plate
7 siloxane monomolecular film

Claims (3)

ガラス基体と、
前記ガラス基体の少なくとも一部を被覆した微粒子を含む凸凹を有する下地層と、
前記下地層上に形成されたフッ素を含むポリマー膜とを備え、
前記ポリマー膜は前記下地層にシロキサン結合を介して前記下地層上に形成されている撥水撥油性ガラス基体。
A glass substrate;
An underlayer having irregularities including fine particles covering at least a part of the glass substrate,
A fluorine-containing polymer film formed on the underlayer,
A water- and oil-repellent glass substrate, wherein the polymer film is formed on the underlayer through a siloxane bond.
前記フッ素を含むポリマー膜は、シラン基及び複数の分子長の異なるフルオロカーボン基を有する物質よりなり、
膜表面に分子レベルの凸凹をさらに有する請求項1に記載の撥水撥油性ガラス基体。
The fluorine-containing polymer film is made of a substance having a silane group and a plurality of fluorocarbon groups having different molecular lengths,
The water- and oil-repellent glass substrate according to claim 1, further comprising a molecular surface having irregularities on the film surface.
前記フッ素を含むポリマー膜の濡れ角は130度以上である請求項1または2に記載の撥水撥油性ガラス基体。The water / oil repellent glass substrate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluorine-containing polymer film has a wetting angle of 130 degrees or more.
JP2003132146A 1991-01-23 2003-05-09 Water and oil repellent coating Withdrawn JP2004002187A (en)

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JP2008015167A (en) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-24 Kagawa Univ Water repellent / oil repellent / anti-fouling light reflecting plate, manufacturing method thereof, tunnel, road sign, display board, vehicle, building using the same.
JP2008273784A (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-11-13 Kagawa Univ Water-repellent glass plate, vehicle and building window glass using the same, and method for producing water-repellent glass plate
WO2008143064A1 (en) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-27 Kazufumi Ogawa Member having water repellent, oil repellent and anti-fouling surface and method for forming the water repellent, oil repellent and anti-fouling surface
WO2009107191A1 (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Ogawa Kazufumi Water repellent, oil repellent antifouling glass plate, process for producing the same, and vehicle and building utilizing the glass plate
JP2009195910A (en) * 2004-07-22 2009-09-03 Nippon Soda Co Ltd Organic thin film forming method
WO2009107190A1 (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Ogawa Kazufumi Water repellent, oil repellent antifouling glass plate, process for producing the same, and vehicle and building utilizing the glass plate
JPWO2008016029A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2009-12-24 日本曹達株式会社 Method for producing organic thin film using method for improving physical properties of film
WO2014038701A1 (en) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-13 凸版印刷株式会社 Cover material and packaging container

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WO2009107190A1 (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Ogawa Kazufumi Water repellent, oil repellent antifouling glass plate, process for producing the same, and vehicle and building utilizing the glass plate
WO2009107191A1 (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Ogawa Kazufumi Water repellent, oil repellent antifouling glass plate, process for producing the same, and vehicle and building utilizing the glass plate
WO2014038701A1 (en) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-13 凸版印刷株式会社 Cover material and packaging container
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