JP2004002178A - Optical glass for moulding press moldings - Google Patents
Optical glass for moulding press moldings Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004002178A JP2004002178A JP2003116604A JP2003116604A JP2004002178A JP 2004002178 A JP2004002178 A JP 2004002178A JP 2003116604 A JP2003116604 A JP 2003116604A JP 2003116604 A JP2003116604 A JP 2003116604A JP 2004002178 A JP2004002178 A JP 2004002178A
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 206010040925 Skin striae Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006025 fining agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/068—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing rare earths
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はモールドプレス成形用光学ガラスに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
CD、MD、DVDその他各種光ディスクシステムの光ピックアップレンズ、ビデオカメラや一般のカメラの撮影用レンズ等の光学レンズ用に、種々の光学定数(屈折率、アッベ数)を有する光学ガラスが使用されている。
【0003】
これらの光ピックアップレンズや撮影用レンズに用いられるガラスは、まず、溶融ガラスをノズルの先端から滴下し一旦液滴状ガラスを作製し、研削、研磨、洗浄してプリフォームガラスを作製する。または溶融ガラスを急冷鋳造して一旦ガラスブロックを作製し、同じく研削、研磨、洗浄してプリフォームガラスを作製する。次にプリフォームガラスを軟化状態になるように加熱しながら、精密加工を施した金型で加圧成形し、金型の表面形状をガラスに転写させる、いわゆるモールドプレス成形法が広く用いられている。
【0004】
従来、モールドプレス成形法に適したガラス材質として、低温で加圧成形できる鉛系のプリフォームガラスが存在したが、近年の環境上の問題から、種々の非鉛系のプリフォームガラスに切り替えられつつある。
【0005】
また光ピックアップレンズ等の光学レンズにおいては、近年、以下の理由から高屈折率、低分散の光学定数が望まれている。つまり光ピックアップ用では、高屈折率であるほど、レンズ肉厚を薄くしたり、レーザー光を集光するための凸部曲率を下げることができるため、デバイスをコンパクトにでき、また量産に適したプレス成形しやすいレンズ形状にすることができる。また、低分散であれば、屈折率の波長依存性が小さいため、光ディスクシステムで使用されるレーザー発振波長の変動に対して影響を受けにくいという利点を兼ね備えることができる。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平3−37130号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら上記した非鉛系のプリフォームガラスは一般に軟化点が高いため、金型が劣化して成形精度が低下したり、ガラス成分の揮発による金型汚染が生じる等、モールドプレス成形に適していないという問題がある。
【0008】
また軟化点を低下させる目的で、ホウ酸やアルカリ金属酸化物を多量に含有させたモールドプレス成形用ガラスが存在する(例えば特許文献1)が、これらのプリフォームガラスは、溶融、成形工程で失透ブツや脈理が発生し易いため、ガラスに内部欠陥が生じて量産化に適していない。またこの内部欠陥は最終製品にも直接影響を与え、設計通りの光学特性が得られないという問題がある。さらに切削、研磨、洗浄工程におけるガラス成分の研磨洗浄水や各種洗浄溶液中への溶出によって表面の変質が起こる等、耐候性が悪く、最終製品においても、高温多湿状態に長時間晒されるとガラスの表面が変質し、信頼性を損なうという問題がある。
【0009】
本発明の目的は、上記した問題を改善し、屈折率(nd)が1.60〜1.65未満、アッベ数(νd)が55以上で、低温でプレス成形可能であり、高い耐候性を兼ね備えたモールドプレス成形用光学ガラスを提供することである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のモールドプレス成形用光学ガラスは、質量%でSiO2 11.5〜45%、Al2O3 0.5〜11%、B2O3 10.5〜45%、MgO 0〜10%、CaO 0〜13%、BaO 0〜12%、SrO 0〜9.5%、ZnO0〜9%、ZrO2 0〜5%、Li2O 3.5〜12%、Na2O 0〜10%、K2O 0〜10%、Sb2O3 0〜1%、La2O3 5〜18.5%、Gd2O3 5.5〜15%、Ta2O5 0〜10%、Bi2O3 0〜5% であり、RO/(La2O3+Gd2O3)0.53(RはMg、Ca、Ba、Srの一種以上)、且つ0.1≦Al2O3/La2O3≦0.6であることを特徴とする。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のモールドプレス成形用光学ガラスの組成範囲を上記のように限定した理由を以下に述べる。
【0012】
SiO2はガラスの骨格を構成する成分であり、耐候性を向上させる効果がある。その含有量は11.5〜45%、好ましくは15〜40%、さらに好ましくは20〜35%である。SiO2が45%を超えると屈折率が著しく低下したり、軟化点が650℃を超えてしまう。一方、11.5%より少ないと、耐候性が著しく悪化する。
【0013】
Al2O3はSiO2と共にガラスの骨格を構成する成分であり、耐候性を向上させる効果がある。特にSiO2−B2O3−RO−R’2O−La2O3系ガラスでは、ガラス中のアルカリ成分の水への選択的溶出を抑制する効果が顕著であり、その含有量は0.5〜11%、好ましくは0.5〜10%、さらに好ましくは0.5〜5%である。Al2O3が0.5%より少ないと上記の効果を得られなくなる。11%を超えると、溶融性が悪化し、脈理や泡がガラス中に残るなどの内部欠陥を生じやすくなり、レンズ用ガラスとしての要求品位を満たすことができなくなる。
【0014】
B2O3はアッベ数(νd)を高める必須の成分であり、また軟化点を低下させるため、モールドプレス成形におけるガラスと金型の融着防止にも効果がある。その含有量は10.5〜45%、好ましくは15〜40%、さらに好ましくは22.5〜30%である。B2O3が45%を超えるとガラス溶融時にB2O3−R’2Oで形成される揮発物が多くなり、脈理の生成を助長してしまう。またモールド成形時にも揮発が生じて金型を汚染し、金型の寿命を大きく縮めてしまう。さらに耐候性が著しく悪化する。一方B2O3が10.5%より少ないと、アッベ数が55より小さくなる。
【0015】
アルカリ土類金属酸化物RO(R はMg、Ca、Ba、Sr)は融剤として作用するとともに、SiO2−B2O3−RO−R’2O−La2O3系ガラスにおいて、アッベ数を低下させずに屈折率を高める効果がある。
【0016】
MgOは屈折率を高める成分であるが、分相性が強く、また液相温度を高める傾向があるため、その含有量は0〜10%、好ましくは0〜5%に制限される。
【0017】
CaOは屈折率を高める成分であり、MgOに比べると分相性は強くないため、比較的多量に含有させることができる。CaOの含有量は0〜13%、好ましくは0〜12.5%である。CaOが13%より多いと高温多湿状態でガラス表面からの析出量が顕著になり、耐候性が著しく悪化し最終製品の耐候性を損なうこととなる。
【0018】
BaOは屈折率を高める成分であり、またこのガラス系においては液相温度を低下させ作業性を向上させる効果もある。しかし、高温多湿状態でガラス表面からの析出量が他のRO成分に比べ著しく多いため、多量に含有させると最終製品の耐候性を著しく損なうことになる。それ故、その含有量は0〜12%、好ましくは0.1〜11.5%、更に好ましくは1〜9.5%である。
【0019】
SrOは屈折率を高める成分であり、他のRO成分に比べて液相温度を下げる効果があるため作業温度範囲を広げることができる。またBaOに比べると、高温多湿状態でのガラス表面からの析出程度は少なく、耐候性に優れた製品を得ることができる。その含有量は0〜9.5%、好ましくは0〜4.5%である。SrOが9.5%以下であれば十分な作業温度範囲が確保できる。
【0020】
アルカリ金属酸化物R’2O(R’はLi、Na、K)は軟化点を低下させるための成分である。
【0021】
Li2Oはアルカリ金属成分の中で最も軟化点を低下させる効果が大きい。その含有量は3.5〜12%、好ましくは3.5〜11.5%である。12%を超えると分相性が強く、液相温度が高くなって作業性が悪くなる。一方3.5%より少ないと軟化点が650℃を超えてしまう。
【0022】
Na2O、K2Oは軟化点を低下させる効果があるが、多量に含有すると溶融時にB2O3−R’2Oで形成される揮発物が多くなり、脈理の生成を助長してしまう。またモールド成形時にも揮発が生じて金型を汚染し、金型の寿命を大きく縮めてしまう。このためNa2Oの含有量は0〜10%、好ましくは0〜5%に制限される。同様にK2Oの含有量は0〜10%、好ましくは0〜5%である。
【0023】
ZnOは屈折率を高める成分であり、その含有量は0〜9%、好ましくは0〜4.5%である。ZnOが9%以下であればアッベ数(νd)を55以上にすることが容易となり、所望の光学定数を得ることができる。その他、失透傾向が強くないため、均質なガラスを得ることができる。また、ZnOは耐候性を向上させる効果があり、優れた製品を得ることができる。
【0024】
ZrO2は屈折率を高め、耐候性を向上させる成分であるものの、多量の添加はアッベ数の低下を招くとともに、軟化点を上昇させてしまう。それゆえその含有量は0〜5%、好ましくは0〜4%に制限される。
【0025】
La2O3は、十分な作業範囲を確保するための必須成分であり、また、アッベ数を低下させることなく屈折率を著しく高める効果を有する。その含有量は、La2O3は5〜18.5%、好ましくは10〜18.5%である。18.5%を超えると分相性が強くなり、液相温度が上がって作業性が大幅に低下する。一方、5%より少ないと作業温度が著しく狭くなる。
【0026】
Gd2O3は、アッベ数を低下させることなく屈折率を著しく高める効果を有している。また、SiO2−B2O3−RO−R’2O−La2O3系に一定量以上含有させると、この系で発生しやすい分相を抑制することができ、その結果、耐候性、特に耐アルカリ性を向上させる効果を得ることができる。その含有量は、5.5〜15%、好ましくは6〜15%、さらに好ましくは9〜15%である。5.5%以下であると耐アルカリ性が悪くなる。また屈折率が低下し易くなる。一方、この範囲を超えると、液相温度が上がって作業性が大幅に低下してしまう。
【0027】
Ta2O5は屈折率を高め、耐候性を向上させる成分であり、その含有量は0〜10%、好ましくは0〜5%である。Ta2O5を多量に添加すると液相温度が上昇し、作業性が大幅に低下するが、10%以下の添加であれば差し支えない。
【0028】
Bi2O3は屈折率を高める成分であり,モールドプレス成型において,ガラスと金型の融着防止に効果がある。ただし成型時の加熱によって着色する傾向が強くなるため,その含有率は0〜5%,好ましくは0〜4%に制限される。
【0029】
清澄剤としてSb2O3を添加することもできる。なおガラスに対する過度の着色を避けるため、Sb2O3の含有量は1%以下とする。
【0030】
さらにRO/(La2O3+Gd2O3)は0.53以下、好ましくは0.50以下である。この比を0.53以下とすることで、JOGISによる粉末法耐水性での重量減が0.10%未満となり、高い耐候性を有する。しかし、この比が0.53を超えると重量減が大きくなり、また高温多湿状態でガラス表面からROの析出も顕著となり、耐候性を著しく損なう。
【0031】
また、Al2O3/La2O3の範囲は、0.1〜0.6、好ましくは0.1〜0.45である。この比を0.1〜0.6にすることで、RO−La2O3系の結晶析出を抑制し、作業温度範囲をさらに広げることが可能となる。この比が0.1より小さいと、液相温度が上昇して作業性が低下する。一方0.6より大きいと高屈折率を得ることが困難になり、また軟化点が上昇する。
【0032】
TiO2、Nb2O5は、アッベ数の低下を招くことが特に顕著であり、要求される高屈折率、低分散の用途に対して不適であるため、含有すべきでない。
【0033】
PbOは、環境上の問題から含有すべきでない。
【0034】
上記以外にも、本発明の特徴を損ねない範囲でP2O5等の他成分を添加することができる。なおP2O5は、モールドプレス成形においてガラスと金型の融着防止や液相温度の低下に効果があるが、分相性が強く耐水性が低下する傾向があるため、5%以下、特に3%以下に制限することが望ましい。
【0035】
なおAs2O3は環境上好ましくないため、またAgおよびハロゲン類は光可逆変色キャリヤーとなるので、本発明においては使用しないほうがよい。
【0036】
上記組成を有するガラスは、屈折率(nd)が1.60〜1.65未満、アッベ数(νd)が55以上である。また軟化点を650℃以下、日本光学硝子工業会規格JOGISによる粉末法耐水性での重量減を0.10%未満、粉末法耐アルカリ性での重量減を1.0%未満にすることができる。軟化点が650℃以下であれば低温でプレス可能であり、ガラス成分が揮発し難い。またJOGISによる粉末法耐水性での重量減が0.10%未満、粉末法耐アルカリ性での重量減が1.0%未満でであれば、高い耐候性を有し、実使用に耐えうるものと判断できる。さらに塩基性度が11以下(好ましくは9.5以下)であれば、モールドプレスによる成形時にガラスとプレス金型の融着を容易に防止することができる。
【0037】
なお本発明において、塩基性度とは、(酸素原子のモル数の総和/陽イオンのField Strengthの総和)×100として定義される。式中のField Strength(以下F.S.と表記する)は次式により求められる。
【0038】
F.S.=Z/r2
【0039】
Zはイオン価数、rはイオン半径を示している。なお本発明におけるZ、rの数値は『化学便覧基礎編 改訂2版(1975年 丸善株式会社発行)』を参照する。本発明者の知見によれば、塩基性度が低いほど、金型と融着しにくくなる。以下にガラスの塩基性度が融着を支配する機構について説明する。
【0040】
ガラスの塩基性度はガラス中の酸素の電子がガラス中の陽イオンにどのくらい引きつけられているかを示す指標になる。塩基性度の高いガラスではガラス中の陽イオンによる酸素の電子の引きつけが弱い。したがって、塩基性度の高いガラスは、電子を求める傾向の強い陽イオン(金型成分)と接した際、塩基性度の低いガラスに比べガラス中に金型からの陽イオンの侵入が起きやすい。金型成分である陽イオンがガラス中へ侵入(拡散)すると、界面付近のガラス相中の金型成分濃度が増加する。これによりガラス相と金型相の組成差が減少するため、両者の間の親和性が増し、ガラスが金型に濡れやすくなる。このような機構により、ガラスと金型が融着すると考えられる。従って塩基性度が低くなるにしたがって、ガラス中に金型成分が侵入しにくくなり、ガラスと金型は融着しなくなる。
【0041】
具体的にはガラスの塩基性度が11以下、好ましくは9.5以下であれば融着が起こらなくなると考えられる。ガラスの塩基性度が9.5を超えると金型と融着する傾向が現れ、11を超えるとガラスと金型が融着して製品の面精度が損なわれ、量産性が顕著に悪化する。
【0042】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。
【0043】
表1〜4は本発明の実施例(試料No.1〜10)及び比較例(試料No.11〜15)を示している。
【0044】
【表1】
【0045】
【表2】
【0046】
【表3】
【0047】
【表4】
【0048】
各試料は次のようにして調製した。まず表に示す組成になるようにガラス原料を調合し、白金ルツボを用いて1400℃で4時間溶融した。溶融後、融液をカーボン板上に流しだし、更にアニール後、各測定に適した試料を作製した。
【0049】
得られた試料について、屈折率(nd)、アッベ数(νd)、軟化点(TS)、耐候性を測定した。また、成形温度(101.5ポイズでの温度)(TW)、液相温度(TL)を測定し、作業温度範囲(△T)=[成形温度(TW)−液相温度(TL)]を求めた。作業温度範囲(△T)は10℃以上あれば望ましい。それらの結果を各表に示す。
【0050】
表から明らかなように、本発明の実施例であるNo.1〜10の各試料は、屈折率が1.615〜1.647、アッベ数が56.9〜58.9、軟化点が640℃以下と良好であった。また耐水性は重量減(%)が0.07%以下、耐アルカリ性は重量減(%)が0.8%以下と良好であり、さらに作業温度範囲も18℃以上あった。
【0051】
これに対し、比較例であるNo.11、12は△Tが10℃より小さく、作業性が非常に悪いと予想される。しかもNo.12は耐水性が0.10%を超えていた。またNo.13、14は耐水性が0.10%を超え、しかもアッベ数が55より低かった。No.15は耐アルカリ性が1.0%を超えていた。
【0052】
なお屈折率(nd)は、ヘリウムランプのd線(587.6nm)に対する測定値で示した。
【0053】
アッベ数(νd)は上記したd線の屈折率と水素ランプのF線(486.1nm)、同じく水素ランプのC線(656.3nm)の屈折率の値を用い、アッベ数(νd)=[(nd−1)/(nF−nC)]式から算出した。
【0054】
軟化点(TS)は、日本工業規格R−3104に基づいたファイバーエロンゲーション法によって測定した。
【0055】
耐水性は、日本光学硝子工業会規格06−1975に基づき、ガラス試料を粒度420〜590μmに破砕し、その比重グラムを秤量して白金篭に入れ、それを純水の入ったフラスコに入れて沸騰水浴中で60分間処理し、処理後の粉末ガラスの重量減(重量%)を算出したものである。尚、耐水性評価で用いる純水はpH6.5〜7.5に調整したものである。また耐アルカリ性は、上記の耐水性と同様に、ガラス試料を粒度420〜590μmに破砕し、その比重グラムを秤量して白金篭に入れ、pH12に調整したアルカリ溶液の入ったフラスコに入れ、80℃、60分間処理し、処理後の粉末ガラスの重量減(重量%)を算出したものである。
【0056】
作業温度範囲△Tは次のようして求めた。まず成形温度TWを白金球引上げ法により測定し、101.5ポイズに相当する温度として求めた。また液相温度TLは297〜500μmの粉末状になるよう試料を粉砕、分級してから白金製のボートに入れ、温度勾配を有する電気炉に24時間保持した後、空気中で放冷し、光学顕微鏡で失透の析出位置を求めることで測定した。このようにして得られた成形温度TWと液相温度TLの差を作業温度範囲△Tとした。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の光学ガラスは、CD、MD、DVDその他各種光ディスクシステムの光ピックアップレンズ、ビデオカメラや一般のカメラの撮影用レンズ等の光学レンズに使用される1.60〜1.65未満の屈折率(nd)、55以上のアッベ数(νd)を有している。また軟化点が低くガラス成分が揮発し難く、ガラスがプレス金型が融着しないため、金型精度の低下および金型の劣化や汚染が生じない。しかも、耐候性が良好であるため、製造工程や製品の使用中に物性の劣化や表面の変質を起こすことがなく、作業温度範囲も広く、プリフォームガラスの量産性に優れている。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optical glass for mold press molding.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Optical glasses having various optical constants (refractive index, Abbe number) are used for optical lenses such as optical pickup lenses of CD, MD, DVD and other various optical disk systems, shooting lenses of video cameras and general cameras. I have.
[0003]
Glass used for these optical pickup lenses and photographing lenses is prepared by first dropping molten glass from the tip of a nozzle to once form a glass in the form of droplets, and then grinding, polishing and washing to form a preform glass. Alternatively, a molten glass is quenched and quenched to produce a glass block, and then ground, polished, and washed to produce a preform glass. Next, the so-called mold press molding method, in which the preform glass is heated so as to be in a softened state, pressure-molded with a precision-processed mold, and the surface shape of the mold is transferred to the glass, is widely used. I have.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a glass material suitable for the mold press molding method, there was a lead-based preform glass that can be pressure-formed at a low temperature, but due to recent environmental problems, it has been switched to various lead-free preform glasses. It is getting.
[0005]
In recent years, optical lenses such as optical pickup lenses have been required to have a high refractive index and a low dispersion optical constant for the following reasons. In other words, for optical pickups, the higher the refractive index, the thinner the lens thickness and the lower the curvature of the convex portion for condensing laser light, so that the device can be made compact and suitable for mass production. The lens shape can be easily formed by press molding. In addition, if the dispersion is low, the wavelength dependence of the refractive index is small, so that there is an advantage that the dispersion is hardly affected by the fluctuation of the laser oscillation wavelength used in the optical disk system.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-3-37130
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned lead-free preform glass generally has a high softening point, and is not suitable for mold press molding, such as deterioration of the mold due to deterioration of the molding accuracy and mold contamination due to volatilization of the glass component. There is a problem.
[0008]
Further, for the purpose of lowering the softening point, there is a glass for mold press molding containing a large amount of boric acid or an alkali metal oxide (for example, Patent Document 1). Since devitrification spots and striae tend to occur, the glass has internal defects and is not suitable for mass production. In addition, this internal defect directly affects the final product, and there is a problem that optical characteristics as designed cannot be obtained. In addition, the weatherability is poor, such as surface degradation due to the elution of glass components in the polishing and washing water and various cleaning solutions in the cutting, polishing, and cleaning processes, and the final product is exposed to high temperature and humidity for a long time. There is a problem that the surface of the substrate is deteriorated and reliability is impaired.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to have a refractive index (nd) of 1.60 to less than 1.65, an Abbe number (νd) of 55 or more, to be press-moldable at a low temperature, and to have high weather resistance. An object of the present invention is to provide an optical glass for mold press molding which also has a function.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The optical glass for mold press molding of the present invention is 11.5 to 45% by mass of SiO 2, 0.5 to 11% of Al 2 O 3, 10.5 to 45% of B 2 O 3 , and 0 to 10% of MgO by mass%. , CaO 0~13%, BaO 0~12% , SrO 0~9.5%, ZnO0~9%, ZrO 2 0~5%, Li 2 O 3.5~12%, Na 2 O 0~10% , K 2 O 0~10%, Sb 2 O 3 0~1%, La 2 O 3 5~18.5%, Gd 2 O 3 5.5~15%, Ta 2 O 5 0~10%, Bi 2 O 3 0 to 5%, RO / (La 2 O 3 + Gd 2 O 3 ) 0.53 (R is at least one of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr), and 0.1 ≦ Al 2 O 3 / It is characterized in that La 2 O 3 ≦ 0.6.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The reason why the composition range of the optical glass for mold press molding of the present invention is limited as described above will be described below.
[0012]
SiO 2 is a component constituting the skeleton of glass, and has an effect of improving weather resistance. Its content is 11.5-45%, preferably 15-40%, more preferably 20-35%. If the content of SiO 2 exceeds 45%, the refractive index is significantly reduced, and the softening point exceeds 650 ° C. On the other hand, if it is less than 11.5%, the weather resistance is significantly deteriorated.
[0013]
Al 2 O 3 is a component constituting a skeleton of glass together with SiO 2 , and has an effect of improving weather resistance. Especially in SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -RO- R '2 O-La 2 O 3 based glass, the effect of suppressing the selective elution into water of the alkali component in the glass is remarkable, the content thereof is 0 0.5-11%, preferably 0.5-10%, more preferably 0.5-5%. If the content of Al 2 O 3 is less than 0.5%, the above effects cannot be obtained. If the content exceeds 11%, the meltability deteriorates, and internal defects such as striae and bubbles remain in the glass are liable to occur, so that the required quality as glass for lenses cannot be satisfied.
[0014]
B 2 O 3 is an essential component for increasing the Abbe number (νd), and also has an effect of preventing fusion of glass and a mold in mold press molding, since it lowers the softening point. Its content is 10.5-45%, preferably 15-40%, more preferably 22.5-30%. If B 2 O 3 exceeds 45%, the amount of volatiles formed by B 2 O 3 —R ′ 2 O at the time of glass melting increases, which promotes the formation of striae. In addition, volatilization also occurs during molding to contaminate the mold and greatly shorten the life of the mold. Further, the weather resistance is significantly deteriorated. On the other hand, when B 2 O 3 is less than 10.5%, the Abbe number becomes smaller than 55.
[0015]
Alkaline earth metal oxides RO (R 1 is Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr) act as a flux, and in the SiO 2 —B 2 O 3 —RO—R ′ 2 O—La 2 O 3 system glass, This has the effect of increasing the refractive index without reducing the number.
[0016]
MgO is a component that increases the refractive index, but has a high phase separation property and a tendency to increase the liquidus temperature. Therefore, its content is limited to 0 to 10%, preferably 0 to 5%.
[0017]
CaO is a component that raises the refractive index and has less phase separation than MgO, so that it can be contained in a relatively large amount. The content of CaO is 0 to 13%, preferably 0 to 12.5%. If the content of CaO is more than 13%, the precipitation amount from the glass surface becomes remarkable in a high-temperature and high-humidity state, and the weather resistance is remarkably deteriorated, and the weather resistance of the final product is impaired.
[0018]
BaO is a component that increases the refractive index, and in this glass system, it also has the effect of lowering the liquidus temperature and improving workability. However, the amount of precipitation from the glass surface in a high-temperature and high-humidity state is much larger than that of other RO components. Therefore, if it is contained in a large amount, the weather resistance of the final product will be significantly impaired. Therefore, its content is 0 to 12%, preferably 0.1 to 11.5%, more preferably 1 to 9.5%.
[0019]
SrO is a component that increases the refractive index and has an effect of lowering the liquidus temperature as compared with other RO components, so that the working temperature range can be widened. In addition, compared to BaO, the degree of precipitation from the glass surface in a high-temperature and high-humidity state is small, and a product excellent in weather resistance can be obtained. Its content is 0-9.5%, preferably 0-4.5%. If SrO is 9.5% or less, a sufficient working temperature range can be secured.
[0020]
Alkali metal oxide R ′ 2 O (R ′ is Li, Na, K) is a component for lowering the softening point.
[0021]
Li 2 O has the greatest effect of lowering the softening point among the alkali metal components. Its content is 3.5-12%, preferably 3.5-11.5%. If it exceeds 12%, the phase separation is strong, the liquidus temperature is high, and the workability is poor. On the other hand, if it is less than 3.5%, the softening point exceeds 650 ° C.
[0022]
Although Na 2 O and K 2 O have the effect of lowering the softening point, if they are contained in large amounts, the volatile matter formed by B 2 O 3 —R ′ 2 O at the time of melting increases, which promotes the formation of striae. Would. In addition, volatilization also occurs during molding to contaminate the mold and greatly shorten the life of the mold. For this reason, the content of Na 2 O is limited to 0 to 10%, preferably 0 to 5%. Similarly, the content of K 2 O is 0 to 10%, preferably 0 to 5%.
[0023]
ZnO is a component that increases the refractive index, and its content is 0 to 9%, preferably 0 to 4.5%. If ZnO is 9% or less, it becomes easy to make Abbe number (νd) 55 or more, and a desired optical constant can be obtained. In addition, since there is no strong tendency to devitrify, a homogeneous glass can be obtained. Further, ZnO has an effect of improving weather resistance, and an excellent product can be obtained.
[0024]
Although ZrO 2 is a component that increases the refractive index and improves weather resistance, a large amount of ZrO 2 lowers the Abbe number and increases the softening point. Therefore its content is limited to 0-5%, preferably 0-4%.
[0025]
La 2 O 3 is an essential component for ensuring a sufficient working range, and has an effect of significantly increasing the refractive index without lowering the Abbe number. The content of La 2 O 3 is 5 to 18.5%, preferably 10 to 18.5%. If it exceeds 18.5%, the phase separation becomes strong, the liquidus temperature rises, and the workability is greatly reduced. On the other hand, if it is less than 5%, the working temperature becomes extremely narrow.
[0026]
Gd 2 O 3 has the effect of significantly increasing the refractive index without lowering the Abbe number. Also, when a certain amount or more is contained in the SiO 2 —B 2 O 3 —RO—R ′ 2 O—La 2 O 3 system, the phase separation that easily occurs in this system can be suppressed, and as a result, the weather resistance In particular, an effect of improving alkali resistance can be obtained. Its content is 5.5 to 15%, preferably 6 to 15%, and more preferably 9 to 15%. If it is less than 5.5%, the alkali resistance becomes poor. Further, the refractive index tends to decrease. On the other hand, if it exceeds this range, the liquidus temperature rises and the workability is greatly reduced.
[0027]
Ta 2 O 5 is a component that increases the refractive index and improves the weather resistance, and its content is 0 to 10%, preferably 0 to 5%. When a large amount of Ta 2 O 5 is added, the liquidus temperature rises, and the workability is greatly reduced.
[0028]
Bi 2 O 3 is a component that increases the refractive index, and is effective in preventing fusion between glass and a mold in mold press molding. However, since the color tends to be colored by heating during molding, its content is limited to 0 to 5%, preferably 0 to 4%.
[0029]
Sb 2 O 3 can be added as a fining agent. Note that the content of Sb 2 O 3 is set to 1% or less in order to avoid excessive coloring of the glass.
[0030]
Further, RO / (La 2 O 3 + Gd 2 O 3 ) is 0.53 or less, preferably 0.50 or less. By setting this ratio to 0.53 or less, the weight loss in water resistance by the powder method according to JOGIS becomes less than 0.10%, and high weather resistance is obtained. However, when this ratio exceeds 0.53, the weight loss becomes large, and the precipitation of RO from the glass surface becomes remarkable in a high-temperature and high-humidity state, which significantly impairs the weather resistance.
[0031]
The range of Al 2 O 3 / La 2 O 3 is 0.1 to 0.6, preferably 0.1 to 0.45. By setting the ratio to 0.1 to 0.6, it is possible to suppress the crystal precipitation of the RO-La 2 O 3 system and to further widen the working temperature range. If this ratio is less than 0.1, the liquidus temperature rises and the workability decreases. On the other hand, if it is larger than 0.6, it becomes difficult to obtain a high refractive index, and the softening point increases.
[0032]
TiO 2 and Nb 2 O 5 are particularly remarkable to cause a decrease in Abbe number and are unsuitable for required applications of high refractive index and low dispersion, and therefore should not be contained.
[0033]
PbO should not be included due to environmental concerns.
[0034]
In addition to the above, other components such as P 2 O 5 can be added as long as the characteristics of the present invention are not impaired. Although P 2 O 5 is effective in preventing fusion between glass and the mold and lowering the liquidus temperature in mold press molding, P 2 O 5 has a strong phase separation property and tends to lower water resistance, so that P 2 O 5 is 5% or less, particularly 5% or less. It is desirable to limit it to 3% or less.
[0035]
Since As 2 O 3 is environmentally unfavorable, and Ag and halogens act as photoreversible discoloration carriers, they should not be used in the present invention.
[0036]
Glass having the above composition has a refractive index (nd) of 1.60 to less than 1.65 and an Abbe number (νd) of 55 or more. Further, the softening point can be 650 ° C. or less, the weight loss by powder method water resistance according to JOGIS standard of Japan Optical Glass Industry Association can be less than 0.10%, and the weight loss by powder method alkali resistance can be less than 1.0%. . If the softening point is 650 ° C. or less, it can be pressed at a low temperature, and the glass component is hardly volatilized. Also, if the weight loss by powder method water resistance according to JOGIS is less than 0.10% and the weight loss by powder method alkali resistance is less than 1.0%, it has high weather resistance and can withstand actual use. Can be determined. Further, if the basicity is 11 or less (preferably 9.5 or less), it is possible to easily prevent fusion of the glass and the press die during molding by a mold press.
[0037]
In the present invention, the basicity is defined as (sum of moles of oxygen atoms / sum of Field Strength of cations) × 100. Field Strength (hereinafter referred to as FS) in the equation is obtained by the following equation.
[0038]
F. S. = Z / r 2
[0039]
Z indicates the ionic valence, and r indicates the ionic radius. In addition, for the numerical values of Z and r in the present invention, refer to “Chemical Handbook Basic Edition, Revised 2nd Edition (1975, issued by Maruzen Co., Ltd.)”. According to the findings of the present inventors, the lower the basicity, the more difficult it is to fuse with a mold. The mechanism by which the basicity of glass governs fusion will be described below.
[0040]
The basicity of glass is an index indicating how much oxygen electrons in the glass are attracted to cations in the glass. In a glass having a high basicity, cations in the glass weakly attract oxygen electrons. Therefore, when a glass having a high basicity comes into contact with a cation (a mold component) which has a strong tendency to seek electrons, cations from the mold easily enter the glass as compared with a glass having a low basicity. . When cations as mold components enter (diffuse) into the glass, the concentration of the mold components in the glass phase near the interface increases. As a result, the composition difference between the glass phase and the mold phase is reduced, so that the affinity between the two increases and the glass is easily wetted by the mold. It is considered that the glass and the mold are fused by such a mechanism. Therefore, as the basicity decreases, the mold component becomes less likely to enter the glass, and the glass and the mold do not fuse.
[0041]
Specifically, if the basicity of the glass is 11 or less, preferably 9.5 or less, it is considered that fusion does not occur. If the basicity of the glass exceeds 9.5, the glass tends to fuse with the mold, and if it exceeds 11, the glass and the mold fuse and the surface accuracy of the product is impaired, and mass productivity is significantly deteriorated. .
[0042]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples.
[0043]
Tables 1 to 4 show examples (samples Nos. 1 to 10) and comparative examples (samples Nos. 11 to 15) of the present invention.
[0044]
[Table 1]
[0045]
[Table 2]
[0046]
[Table 3]
[0047]
[Table 4]
[0048]
Each sample was prepared as follows. First, a glass raw material was prepared so as to have the composition shown in the table, and was melted at 1400 ° C. for 4 hours using a platinum crucible. After melting, the melt was poured on a carbon plate, and after annealing, samples suitable for each measurement were prepared.
[0049]
With respect to the obtained sample, the refractive index (nd), Abbe number (νd), softening point (T s ), and weather resistance were measured. Moreover, (the temperature at 10 1.5 poise) (T W) molding temperature, measured liquidus temperature (T L), the working temperature range (△ T) = [molding temperature (T W) - liquidus temperature ( T L )]. The working temperature range (ΔT) is desirably 10 ° C. or higher. The results are shown in each table.
[0050]
As is clear from the table, No. 1 which is an example of the present invention. Each of Samples 1 to 10 had a favorable refractive index of 1.615 to 1.647, an Abbe number of 56.9 to 58.9, and a softening point of 640 ° C. or lower. The water resistance was good with a weight loss (%) of 0.07% or less, the alkali resistance was good with a weight loss (%) of 0.8% or less, and the working temperature range was 18 ° C. or more.
[0051]
On the other hand, in Comparative Example No. In Nos. 11 and 12, ΔT is smaller than 10 ° C., and the workability is expected to be extremely poor. And No. No. 12 had a water resistance exceeding 0.10%. No. 13 and 14 had a water resistance exceeding 0.10% and an Abbe number lower than 55. No. In No. 15, the alkali resistance exceeded 1.0%.
[0052]
In addition, the refractive index (nd) was shown by a measured value with respect to a d line (587.6 nm) of a helium lamp.
[0053]
The Abbe number (νd) is calculated using the refractive index of the d-line and the refractive index of the hydrogen lamp F line (486.1 nm) and the hydrogen lamp C line (656.3 nm). It was calculated from the equation [(nd-1) / (nF-nC)].
[0054]
Softening point (T S) was measured by the fiber elongation method based on Japanese Industrial Standard R-3104.
[0055]
Water resistance is based on Japan Optical Glass Industry Association Standard 06-1975, and a glass sample is crushed to a particle size of 420 to 590 μm, its specific gravity gram is weighed and placed in a platinum basket, which is placed in a flask containing pure water. The treatment is performed in a boiling water bath for 60 minutes, and the weight loss (% by weight) of the powdered glass after the treatment is calculated. The pure water used in the water resistance evaluation was adjusted to pH 6.5 to 7.5. The alkali resistance was measured in the same manner as in the above-mentioned water resistance. It is obtained by treating at 60 ° C. for 60 minutes and calculating the weight loss (% by weight) of the powdered glass after the treatment.
[0056]
The working temperature range ΔT was determined as follows. The molding temperature T W is measured by a platinum ball pulling method was first determined as a temperature corresponding to 10 1.5 poise. The sample was pulverized and classified so that the liquid phase temperature TL was 297 to 500 μm in a powder form, put into a platinum boat, kept in an electric furnace having a temperature gradient for 24 hours, and then allowed to cool in air. It was measured by obtaining the deposition position of devitrification with an optical microscope. The difference between the molding temperature TW and the liquidus temperature TL thus obtained was defined as the working temperature range ΔT.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the optical glass of the present invention is used for an optical lens such as an optical pickup lens of a CD, MD, DVD and other various optical disk systems, and a shooting lens of a video camera and a general camera. It has a refractive index (nd) of less than .65 and an Abbe number (νd) of 55 or more. In addition, since the glass component has a low softening point and the glass component is hard to volatilize, and the glass does not fuse with the press mold, the precision of the mold is not reduced, and the mold is not deteriorated or contaminated. Moreover, since the weather resistance is good, there is no deterioration of physical properties or deterioration of the surface during the manufacturing process or use of the product, the working temperature range is wide, and the preform glass is excellent in mass productivity.
Claims (4)
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| JP2003116604A JP4337134B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2003-04-22 | Optical glass for mold press molding |
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| JP2002123887 | 2002-04-25 | ||
| JP2003116604A JP4337134B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2003-04-22 | Optical glass for mold press molding |
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| JP2004002178A true JP2004002178A (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| JP4337134B2 JP4337134B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
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| JP2003116604A Expired - Fee Related JP4337134B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2003-04-22 | Optical glass for mold press molding |
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| US7087543B2 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2006-08-08 | Hoya Corporation | Optical glass, press-molding preform and optical element |
| CN1298650C (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2007-02-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Nanometer bismuth cluster doped silicon dioxide-based optical glass and preparation method thereof |
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