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JP2004098757A - Air conditioner - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP2004098757A
JP2004098757A JP2002260427A JP2002260427A JP2004098757A JP 2004098757 A JP2004098757 A JP 2004098757A JP 2002260427 A JP2002260427 A JP 2002260427A JP 2002260427 A JP2002260427 A JP 2002260427A JP 2004098757 A JP2004098757 A JP 2004098757A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
pressure
target
control valve
temperature
post
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2002260427A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masakazu Murase
村瀬 正和
Hiroaki Kayukawa
粥川 浩明
Hideki Mizutani
水谷 秀樹
Sokichi Hibino
日比野 惣吉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Industries Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Industries Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Industries Corp filed Critical Toyota Industries Corp
Priority to JP2002260427A priority Critical patent/JP2004098757A/en
Priority to US10/648,867 priority patent/US20040045305A1/en
Priority to DE10340836A priority patent/DE10340836A1/en
Publication of JP2004098757A publication Critical patent/JP2004098757A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022Compressor control arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/14Control
    • F04B27/16Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/18Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B27/1804Controlled by crankcase pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/14Control
    • F04B27/16Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/18Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B27/1804Controlled by crankcase pressure
    • F04B2027/1809Controlled pressure
    • F04B2027/1813Crankcase pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/14Control
    • F04B27/16Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/18Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B27/1804Controlled by crankcase pressure
    • F04B2027/1822Valve-controlled fluid connection
    • F04B2027/1827Valve-controlled fluid connection between crankcase and discharge chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/14Control
    • F04B27/16Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/18Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B27/1804Controlled by crankcase pressure
    • F04B2027/184Valve controlling parameter
    • F04B2027/185Discharge pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/14Control
    • F04B27/16Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/18Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B27/1804Controlled by crankcase pressure
    • F04B2027/184Valve controlling parameter
    • F04B2027/1854External parameters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/14Control
    • F04B27/16Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/18Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B27/1804Controlled by crankcase pressure
    • F04B2027/1886Open (not controlling) fluid passage
    • F04B2027/1895Open (not controlling) fluid passage between crankcase and suction chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/01Pressure before the pump inlet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/05Pressure after the pump outlet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/076Details of compressors or related parts having multiple cylinders driven by a rotating swash plate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/19Calculation of parameters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00Control issues
    • F25B2600/02Compressor control
    • F25B2600/023Compressor control controlling swash plate angles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19Pressures
    • F25B2700/193Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933Suction pressures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
    • F25B2700/21173Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the outlet

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air conditioner excellent in air conditioning feeling. <P>SOLUTION: A control valve of a compressor internally autonomously positions an operation rod (valve element part) according to variation of pressure difference between two positions to keep a control target of pressure difference between the two positions (setting pressure difference) determined by energizing duty ratio Dt to an electromagnetic actuator part. An air conditioner ECU calculates a target intake pressure Ps (set) based on detected information Tset, Tr, Tam, Ts from a temperature setting apparatus, a vehicle room temperature sensor, an outside air temperature sensor and a sunshine sensor. The air conditioner ECU performs correction processing of energizing duty ratio Dt of the control valve with setting elimination of slippage between calculated target intake pressure Ps (set) and detected intake pressure Ps(x) from a intake pressure sensor as a direct control target. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、容量可変型圧縮機を備えた冷媒循環回路と、該容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量変更につながる弁開度調節を行うための制御弁とを備えた空調装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般的に、車両用空調装置においては、外気温度や車室内温度や日射強度等の冷房負荷情報に基づいて、蒸発器を通過した直後の空気の温度(エバ後温度)の目標値を決定する。そして、この目標エバ後温度とエバポレータセンサにより検出された検出エバ後温度とに基づいて、容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量をフィードバック制御するようになっている。
【0003】
前記車載用の容量可変型圧縮機として広く採用されている容量可変型斜板式圧縮機(以下圧縮機とする)には、その吐出容量を制御するための容量制御機構が組み込まれている。容量制御機構を構成する制御弁としては、感圧機構からの力と電磁アクチュエータからの力とのバランスにより弁体を位置決めすることで、斜板室(クランク室ともいう)の圧力を調節して斜板角度を決める構成のものが存在する(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0004】
すなわち、前記感圧機構は、冷媒循環回路に設定された二つの圧力監視点間の差圧(二点間差圧)をベローズ等の感圧部材で感知し、この二点間差圧に基づく力を弁体に作用させる。電磁アクチュエータは、感圧部材に作用させる力を外部制御によって増減変更することにより、感圧機構の内部自律動作の基準となる二点間差圧の設定値(設定差圧)を変更可能である。そして、電磁アクチュエータの外部制御つまり制御弁の設定差圧の変更は、目標エバ後温度と検出エバ後温度とに基づいて行われる。つまり、検出エバ後温度が目標エバ後温度よりも高ければ、設定差圧が増大変更されて圧縮機の吐出容量が増大される。逆に、検出エバ後温度が目標エバ後温度よりも低ければ、設定差圧が減少変更されて圧縮機の吐出容量が減少される。
【0005】
前記冷媒循環回路の二点間差圧には、該冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量が反映されている。従って、前記制御弁によれば、圧縮機の負荷トルクに直接関与する冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量を直接的に制御しているとも言える。よって、例えば、車両のエンジンを制御するためのコンピュータは、制御弁の電磁アクチュエータに指令される設定差圧(電気信号)から、補機としての圧縮機の駆動に必要なトルクを簡単かつ正確に推定することができる。その結果、エンジンの出力を好適に調節することができ、該エンジンの燃料消費量を削減することが可能となる。
【0006】
また、前記制御弁の電磁アクチュエータは、二点間差圧に基づく小さな力に均衡し得る小さな電磁力を発生可能であればよい。従って、例えば、冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いた場合、つまり冷媒循環回路の圧力が、フロン冷媒を用いた場合よりも遙かに高くなる場合であっても、電磁アクチュエータの大型化ひいては制御弁の大型化を抑制することができる。つまり、例えば、感圧機構が吸入圧力の絶対値で動作する所謂設定吸入圧力可変型の制御弁は、二酸化炭素冷媒によって吸入圧力が高くなると、該吸入圧力に基づく大きな力に均衡し得る大きな電磁力を発生可能な、非常に大型の電磁アクチュエータを採用しなくてはならないのである。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−173556号公報(第8−11頁、第3図)
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、前記制御弁においては、蒸発器の熱負荷状況を反映しない冷媒循環回路の二点間差圧を検出して、内部自律的に圧縮機の吐出容量のフィードバック制御を行っている。従って、蒸発器の熱負荷の変動に対しては、当該変動に起因した検出エバ後温度の変動に基づく、外部制御による設定差圧の変更で対応するしかなかった。蒸発器の熱負荷の変動に対するエバ後温度の変動は反応が鈍く、例えば、蒸発器の熱負荷が急激に変動したとしても、前記制御弁によっては、圧縮機の吐出容量を速やかに変更することができなかった。その結果、エバ後温度が目標エバ後温度に対して近づけられるまでに時間がかかり、空調フィーリングが悪化する問題を生じていた。
【0009】
本発明の目的は、空調フィーリングに優れた空調装置を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために請求項1の発明の空調装置は、冷房負荷情報検出手段と、目標吸入圧力算出手段と、吸入圧力センサと、圧縮機制御手段とを備えている。冷房負荷情報検出手段は冷媒循環回路の冷房負荷情報を検出する。目標吸入圧力算出手段は、冷房負荷情報検出手段からの冷房負荷情報に基づいて、冷媒循環回路の低圧領域の目標圧力(目標吸入圧力)を算出する。吸入圧力センサは冷媒循環回路の低圧領域の圧力を検出する(検出吸入圧力)。
【0011】
そして、前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標吸入圧力と検出吸入圧力とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する。冷媒循環回路の吸入圧力は、蒸発器の熱負荷の変動に対して、例えば該蒸発器を通過した直後の空気の温度(エバ後温度)よりも速やかに応答する物理量である。従って、例えば、蒸発器の熱負荷の急激な変動に応じて、容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量を速やかに変更することができ、空調フィーリングを良好とすることができる。
【0012】
請求項2の発明は請求項1において、目標エバ後温度算出手段とエバポレータセンサとが備えられている。目標エバ後温度算出手段は、前記冷房負荷情報検出手段からの冷房負荷情報に基づいて目標エバ後温度を算出する。エバポレータセンサはエバ後温度を検出する。
【0013】
そして、前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標エバ後温度と検出エバ後温度とのズレ量が所定値を超えている場合には、目標吸入圧力と検出吸入圧力とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する。従って、例えば、請求項1で述べたように、蒸発器の熱負荷の急激な変動によって目標エバ後温度と検出エバ後温度とのズレ量が所定値を超えた場合でも、容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量を速やかに変更して、エバ後温度を目標エバ後温度に対して速やかに近づけることができ、空調フィーリングを良好とすることができる。
【0014】
また、前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標エバ後温度と検出エバ後温度とのズレ量が所定値以内の場合には、目標エバ後温度と検出エバ後温度とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する。従って、エバ後温度を目標エバ後温度付近に精度良く収束させることができ、これは空調フィーリングのさらなる向上につながる。
【0015】
上記目的を達成するために請求項3の発明の空調装置は、冷房負荷情報検出手段と、目標表面温度算出手段と、表面温度センサと、圧縮機制御手段とを備えている。冷房負荷情報検出手段は冷媒循環回路の冷房負荷情報を検出する。目標表面温度算出手段は、冷房負荷情報検出手段からの冷房負荷情報に基づいて、冷媒循環回路の蒸発器の表面温度の目標値を算出する。表面温度センサは冷媒循環回路が備える蒸発器の表面温度を検出する。
【0016】
そして、前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標表面温度算出手段が算出した目標温度と表面温度センサが検出した温度とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する。蒸発器の表面温度は、該蒸発器の熱負荷の変動に対して、エバ後温度よりも速やかに応答する物理量である。従って、例えば、蒸発器の熱負荷の急激な変動に応じて、容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量を速やかに変更することができ、空調フィーリングを良好とすることができる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を車両用空調装置に具体化した一実施形態について説明する。
(容量可変型斜板式圧縮機)
図1に示すように、容量可変型斜板式圧縮機(以下単に圧縮機とする)Cのハウジング11内には、斜板室たるクランク室12が区画されている。クランク室12内には、駆動軸13が回転可能に配設されている。駆動軸13は、動力伝達機構PTを介して、車両の走行駆動源たるエンジン(内燃機関)Eに作動連結され、該エンジンEから動力供給を受けて回転駆動される。
【0018】
前記動力伝達機構PTは、外部からの電気制御によって動力の伝達/遮断を選択可能なクラッチ機構(例えば電磁クラッチ)であってもよく、又は、そのようなクラッチ機構を持たない常時伝達型のクラッチレス機構(例えばベルト/プーリの組合せ)であってもよい。なお、本実施形態では、クラッチレスタイプの動力伝達機構PTが採用されている。
【0019】
前記クランク室12において駆動軸13上には、ラグプレート14が一体回転可能に固定されている。クランク室12内には斜板15が収容されている。斜板15は、駆動軸13にスライド移動可能でかつ傾動可能に支持されている。ヒンジ機構16は、ラグプレート14と斜板15との間に介在されている。従って、斜板15は、ヒンジ機構16を介することで、ラグプレート14及び駆動軸13と同期回転可能であるとともに、駆動軸13に対して傾動可能となっている。
【0020】
前記ハウジング11内には複数(図面には一つのみ示す)のシリンダボア11aが形成されており、各シリンダボア11a内には片頭型のピストン17が往復動可能に収容されている。各ピストン17は、シュー18を介して斜板15の外周部に係留されている。従って、駆動軸13の回転にともなう斜板15の回転運動が、シュー18を介してピストン17の往復運動に変換される。
【0021】
前記シリンダボア11a内の後方(図面右方)側には、ピストン17と、ハウジング11に内装された弁・ポート形成体19とで囲まれて圧縮室20が区画されている。ハウジング11の後方側の内部には、吸入室21及び吐出室22がそれぞれ区画形成されている。
【0022】
そして、吸入室21の冷媒ガスは、各ピストン17の上死点位置から下死点側への移動により、弁・ポート形成体19に形成された吸入ポート23及び吸入弁24を介して圧縮室20に吸入される。圧縮室20に吸入された冷媒ガスは、ピストン17の下死点位置から上死点側への移動により所定の圧力にまで圧縮され、弁・ポート形成体19に形成された吐出ポート25及び吐出弁26を介して吐出室22に吐出される。
【0023】
(圧縮機の容量制御構造)
図1に示すように、前記ハウジング11内には抽気通路27及び給気通路28が設けられている。抽気通路27はクランク室12と吸入室21とを連通する。給気通路28は吐出室22とクランク室12とを連通する。ハウジング11において給気通路28の途中には制御弁CVが配設されている。
【0024】
そして、前記制御弁CVの開度を調節することで、給気通路28を介したクランク室12への高圧な吐出ガスの導入量と抽気通路27を介したクランク室12からのガス導出量とのバランスが制御され、クランク室12の内圧が決定される。クランク室12の内圧変更に応じて、ピストン17を介してのクランク室12の内圧と圧縮室20の内圧との差が変更され、斜板15の傾斜角度が変更される結果、ピストン17のストロークすなわち圧縮機Cの吐出容量が調節される。
【0025】
例えば、クランク室12の内圧が低下されると斜板15の傾斜角度が増大し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が増大される。図1において二点鎖線は、斜板15のそれ以上の傾動がラグプレート14によって当接規制された、最大傾斜角度状態を示している。逆に、クランク室12の内圧が上昇されると斜板15の傾斜角度が減少し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が減少される。図1において実線は斜板15の最小傾斜角度状態を示している。
【0026】
(冷媒循環回路)
図1に示すように、車両用空調装置の冷媒循環回路(冷凍サイクル)は、上述した圧縮機Cと外部冷媒回路30とから構成されている。外部冷媒回路30は、凝縮器31、膨張弁32及び蒸発器33を備えている。
【0027】
前記吐出室22内には第1圧力監視点P1が設定されている。第1圧力監視点P1から凝縮器31側(下流側)へ所定距離だけ離れた冷媒通路の途中には、第2圧力監視点P2が設定されている。この第1圧力監視点P1の圧力PdHと第2圧力監視点P2の圧力PdLとの差には、冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量が反映されている。第1圧力監視点P1と制御弁CVとは第1検圧通路35を介して連通されている。第2圧力監視点P2と制御弁CVとは第2検圧通路36(図2参照)を介して連通されている。
【0028】
(制御弁)
図2に示すように、前記制御弁CVのバルブハウジング41内には、弁室42、連通路43及び感圧室44が区画されている。弁室42及び連通路43内には、作動ロッド45が軸方向(図面では垂直方向)に移動可能に配設されている。連通路43と感圧室44とは、連通路43に挿入された作動ロッド45の上端部によって遮断されている。弁室42は、給気通路28の上流部を介して吐出室22と連通されている。連通路43は、給気通路28の下流部を介してクランク室12と連通されている。弁室42及び連通路43は給気通路28の一部を構成する。
【0029】
前記弁室42内には、作動ロッド45の中間部に形成された弁体部46が配置されている。弁室42と連通路43との境界に位置する段差は弁座47をなしており、連通路43は一種の弁孔をなしている。そして、作動ロッド45が図2の位置(最下動位置)から弁体部46が弁座47に着座する最上動位置へ上動すると、連通路43が遮断される。つまり作動ロッド45の弁体部46は、給気通路28の開度を調節可能な弁体として機能する。
【0030】
前記感圧室44内には、ベローズよりなる感圧部材48が収容配置されている。感圧部材48の上端部はバルブハウジング41に固定されている。感圧部材48の下端部には作動ロッド45の上端部が嵌入されている。感圧室44内は、有底円筒状をなす感圧部材48によって、この感圧部材48の内空間である第1圧力室49と、感圧部材48の外空間である第2圧力室50とに区画されている。第1圧力室49には、第1検圧通路35を介して第1圧力監視点P1の圧力PdHが導かれている。第2圧力室50には、第2検圧通路36を介して第2圧力監視点P2の圧力PdLが導かれている。前記感圧部材48や感圧室44等が感圧機構を構成している。
【0031】
前記バルブハウジング41の下方側には、設定差圧変更用アクチュエータとしての電磁アクチュエータ部51が設けられている。電磁アクチュエータ部51は、バルブハウジング41内の中心部に有底円筒状の収容筒52を備えている。収容筒52において上方側の開口には、センタポスト(固定子)53が嵌入固定されている。このセンタポスト53の嵌入により、収容筒52内の最下部にはプランジャ室54が区画されている。
【0032】
前記プランジャ室54内には、プランジャ(可動子)56が軸方向に移動可能に収容されている。センタポスト53の中心には軸方向に延びるガイド孔57が貫通形成され、このガイド孔57内には、作動ロッド45の下端側が軸方向に移動可能に配置されている。作動ロッド45の下端は、プランジャ室54内においてプランジャ56の上端面に当接されている。
【0033】
前記プランジャ室54において収容筒52の内底面とプランジャ56との間には、コイルバネよりなるプランジャ付勢バネ60が収容されている。このプランジャ付勢バネ60は、プランジャ56を作動ロッド45側に向けて付勢する。また、作動ロッド45は、感圧部材48自身が有するバネ性(以下ベローズバネ48と呼ぶ)に基づいて、プランジャ56側に向けて付勢されている。従って、プランジャ56と作動ロッド45とは常時一体となって上下動する。なお、ベローズバネ48は、プランジャ付勢バネ60よりもバネ力の大きなものが用いられている。
【0034】
前記収容筒52の外周側には、センタポスト53及びプランジャ56を跨ぐ範囲にコイル61が巻回配置されている。このコイル61には、情報検出手段77からの情報に応じた、圧縮機制御手段としてのエアコンECU72(空調装置制御用のコンピュータ)の指令に基づき、駆動回路78から電力が供給される。駆動回路78からコイル61への電力供給量に応じた大きさの電磁力(電磁吸引力)が、プランジャ56とセンタポスト53との間に発生し、この電磁力はプランジャ56を介して作動ロッド45に伝達される。なお、このコイル61への通電制御は印加電圧を調整することでなされ、この印加電圧の調整にはPWM(パルス幅変調)制御が採用されている。
【0035】
(制御弁の動作特性)
前記制御弁CVにおいては、次のようにして作動ロッド45(弁体部46)の配置位置つまり弁開度が決まる。
【0036】
まず、図2に示すように、コイル61への通電がない場合(デューティ比Dt=0%)は、作動ロッド45の配置には、ベローズバネ48の下向き付勢力の作用が支配的となる。従って、作動ロッド45は最下動位置に配置され、弁体部46は連通路43を全開とする。このため、クランク室12の内圧は、その時おかれた状況下において取り得る最大値となり、このクランク室12の内圧と圧縮室20の内圧とのピストン17を介した差は大きくて、斜板15は傾斜角度を最小として圧縮機Cの吐出容量は最小となっている。
【0037】
次に、コイル61に対しデューティ比可変範囲の最小デューティ比Dt(min)(>0%)以上の通電がなされると、プランジャ付勢バネ60に加勢された上向きの電磁力が、ベローズバネ48による下向き付勢力を凌駕し、作動ロッド45が上動を開始する。この状態では、プランジャ付勢バネ60の上向きの付勢力によって加勢された上向き電磁力が、ベローズバネ48の下向き付勢力によって加勢された二点間差圧ΔPd(=PdH−PdL)に基づく下向き押圧力に対抗する。そして、これら上下付勢力が均衡する位置に、作動ロッド45の弁体部46が弁座47に対して位置決めされ、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が調節される。
【0038】
例えば、エンジンEの回転速度が減少して冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量が減少すると、下向きの二点間差圧ΔPdに基づく力が減少して、その時点での上向きの電磁力では作動ロッド45に作用する上下付勢力の均衡が図れなくなる。従って、作動ロッド45(弁体部46)が上動して連通路43の開度が減少し、クランク室12の内圧が低下傾向となる。このため、斜板15が傾斜角度増大方向に傾動し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量は増大される。圧縮機Cの吐出容量が増大すれば冷媒循環回路における冷媒流量も増大し、二点間差圧ΔPdは増加する。
【0039】
逆に、エンジンEの回転速度が増加して冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量が増大すると、下向きの二点間差圧ΔPdに基づく力が増大して、その時点での上向きの電磁力では作動ロッド45に作用する上下付勢力の均衡が図れなくなる。従って、作動ロッド45(弁体部46)が下動して連通路43の開度が増加し、クランク室12の内圧が増大傾向となる。このため、斜板15が傾斜角度減少方向に傾動し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量は減少される。圧縮機Cの吐出容量が減少すれば冷媒循環回路における冷媒流量も減少し、二点間差圧ΔPdは減少する。
【0040】
また、例えば、コイル61への通電デューティ比Dtを大きくして上向きの電磁力を大きくすると、その時点での二点間差圧ΔPdに基づく力では上下付勢力の均衡が図れなくなる。このため、作動ロッド45(弁体部46)が上動して連通路43の開度が減少し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が増大される。その結果、冷媒循環回路における冷媒流量が増大し、二点間差圧ΔPdも増大する。
【0041】
逆に、コイル61への通電デューティ比Dtを小さくして上向きの電磁力を小さくすれば、その時点での二点間差圧ΔPdに基づく力では上下付勢力の均衡が図れなくなる。このため、作動ロッド45(弁体部46)が下動して連通路43の開度が増加し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が減少する。その結果、冷媒循環回路における冷媒流量が減少し、二点間差圧ΔPdも減少する。
【0042】
つまり、前記制御弁CVは、コイル61への通電デューティ比Dtによって決定された二点間差圧ΔPdの制御目標(設定差圧)を維持するように、この二点間差圧ΔPdの変動に応じて内部自律的に作動ロッド45(弁体部46)を位置決めする構成となっている。また、この設定差圧は、コイル61への通電デューティ比Dtを調節することで外部から変更可能となっている。
【0043】
なお、前記プランジャ室54内には、ガイド孔57と作動ロッド45との間の隙間を介して、クランク室12の圧力が導入されている。従って、作動ロッド45には、プランジャ室54内の圧力(クランク室12の圧力)が、弁閉方向に作用されている。また、弁体部46の上端面には、吐出室22内の圧力PdHが弁開方向に作用されている。従って、作動ロッド45の位置決めには、二点間差圧ΔPdに基づく力及び電磁アクチュエータ部51からの力以外にも、吐出室22の圧力PdHとクランク室12の内圧との差に基づく力も若干関与している。つまり、前記制御弁CVは、コイル61への通電デューティ比Dtが同じであったとしても、吐出室22の圧力PdHとクランク室12の内圧との差が異なれば、設定差圧も微妙に異なることとなる。
【0044】
(空調制御)
図2に示すように、前記情報検出手段77には、エアコンスイッチ79、温度設定器80、車室温度センサ81、外気温度センサ82、日射センサ85、吸入圧力センサ83、及びエバポレータセンサ84等が備えられている。
【0045】
前記エアコンスイッチ79は空調装置のオンオフスイッチであり、温度設定器80は乗員が車室内の温度を設定するためのものである(設定温度Tset)。車室温度センサ81は車室内の温度Trを検出するためのものであり、外気温度センサ82は外気温度Tamを検出するためのものであり、日射センサ85は日射強度(太陽光強度)Tsを検出するためのものである。吸入圧力センサ83は、冷媒循環回路の低圧領域(吸入圧力領域。例えば吸入室21や、外部冷媒回路30の低圧側配管内や、蒸発器33における冷媒出口付近等)の圧力Ps(x)を検出するためのものである。エバポレータセンサ84は、蒸発器33を通過した直後の空気の温度(エバ後温度)Te(x)を検出するためのものである。
【0046】
特に、前記温度設定器80、車室温度センサ81、外気温度センサ82及び日射センサ85が、冷媒循環回路の冷房負荷情報としての設定温度Tset、車室温度Tr、外気温度Tam及び日射強度Tsを検出する、冷房負荷情報検出手段をなしている。
【0047】
そして、前記エアコンECU72は、情報検出手段77からの検出情報に基づいて、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの調節言い換えれば制御弁CVの設定差圧の調節を行う。なお、詳述しないが、エアコンECU72は、制御弁CVを制御すること以外にも、例えば、情報検出手段77からの検出情報に基づいて図示しないブロワモータの回転速度を調節する、周知の風量制御も行う。
【0048】
さて、図3のフローチャートに示すように、前記エアコンECU72は、エンジンEが起動されると、ステップ(以下「S」とする)101において初導プログラムに従い各種の初期設定を行う。例えば、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtに初期値として「0」を与える(コイル61の無通電状態)。S102では、エアコンスイッチ79がオンされるまで該スイッチ79のオン/オフ状況が監視される。エアコンスイッチ79がオンされると、S103において制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtを最小デューティ比Dt(min)として、該制御弁CVの内部自律制御機能(設定差圧維持機能)を起動する。
【0049】
S104においては、温度設定器80、車室温度センサ81、外気温度センサ82及び日射センサ85から提供された冷房負荷情報(Tset、Tr、Tam、Ts)に基づいて、空調装置の必要吹出し温度Ta0が算出される。S105において、目標エバ後温度算出手段としてのエアコンECU72は、算出された必要吹出し温度Ta0から、予め記憶されたマップデータに基づいて目標エバ後温度Te(set)を算出する。そして、S106においては、算出された目標エバ後温度Te(set)と、エバポレータセンサ84からの検出エバ後温度Te(x)とのズレ量が、所定値(例えば2℃)以内であるか否かが判定される。
【0050】
前記S106判定がNOの場合、つまり目標エバ後温度Te(set)と検出エバ後温度Te(x)とのズレ量が所定値よりも多い場合には、吸入圧力センサ83からの検出吸入圧力Ps(x)を目標値とすることを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理が行われる。
【0051】
すなわち、S107において、目標吸入圧力算出手段としてのエアコンECU72は、S105にて算出された目標エバ後温度Te(set)から、予め記憶されたマップデータに基づいて目標吸入圧力Ps(set)を算出する。S108において、吸入圧力センサ83からの検出吸入圧力Ps(x)が、算出された目標吸入圧力Ps(set)より大であるか否かを判定する。S108判定がNOの場合、S109において、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)が目標吸入圧力Ps(set)より小であるか否かを判定する。S109判定もNOの場合には、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)が目標吸入圧力Ps(set)に一致していることになる。
【0052】
このため、エアコンECU72は、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtを変更しなくとも、やがては目標エバ後温度Te(set)と検出エバ後温度Te(x)とのズレ量が所定値以内となると判断し、駆動回路78にデューティ比Dtの変更指令を発することなく処理はS116に移行される。つまり、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtを変更すると、先ず吸入圧力Ps(x)が変動し、この吸入圧力Ps(x)の変動から時間差をおいてエバ後温度Te(x)が変動するのである。
【0053】
前記S116においては、エアコンスイッチ79がオフされたか否かが判定される。S116判定がNOなら処理はS104に移行される。逆にS116判定がYESなら処理はS101に移行され、制御弁CVは無通電状態とされて圧縮機は最小吐出容量状態となる。
【0054】
さて、前記S108判定がYESの場合、蒸発器33の熱負荷が大きいと予測されるため、S110においてエアコンECU72はデューティ比Dtを単位量ΔDだけ増大させ、その修正値(Dt+ΔD)へのデューティ比Dtの変更を駆動回路78に指令する。従って、制御弁CVの弁開度が若干減少し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が増大して蒸発器33での除熱能力が高まり、吸入圧力Ps(x)ひいてはエバ後温度Te(x)は低下傾向となる。
【0055】
前記S109判定がYESの場合、蒸発器33の熱負荷が小さいと予測されるため、S111においてエアコンECU72はデューティ比Dtを単位量ΔDだけ減少させ、その修正値(Dt−ΔD)へのデューティ比Dtの変更を駆動回路78に指令する。従って、制御弁CVの弁開度が若干増加し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が減少して蒸発器33での除熱能力が低まり、吸入圧力Ps(x)ひいてはエバ後温度Te(x)は上昇傾向となる。
【0056】
なお、前記S110及びS111からは処理がS116に移行される。
以上のように、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)と目標吸入圧力Ps(set)とのズレの解消を直接の制御目標とした、S110及び/又はS111でのデューティ比Dtの修正処理を経ることで、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とが、所定値(例えば2℃)よりも大きくズレていてもこのズレを速やかに小さくすることができる。従って、制御弁CVでの内部自律的な弁開度調節も相俟って、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレ量が所定値以内に速やかに収まることとなる。
【0057】
前記S110及び/又はS111でのデューティ比Dtの修正処理によって、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレ量が所定値以内となれば、前記S106判定はYESとなる。S106判定がYESの場合には、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理が行われる。
【0058】
すなわち、S112においてエアコンECU72は、エバポレータセンサ84からの検出エバ後温度Te(x)が、算出された目標エバ後温度Te(set)より大であるか否かを判定する。S112判定がNOの場合、S113において前記検出エバ後温度Te(x)が目標エバ後温度Te(set)より小であるか否かを判定する。S113判定もNOの場合には、検出エバ後温度Te(x)が目標エバ後温度Te(set)に一致していることになるため、冷房能力の変化につながるデューティ比Dtの変更の必要はない。それ故、エアコンECU72は、駆動回路78にデューティ比Dtの変更指令を発することなく処理はS116に移行される。
【0059】
S112判定がYESの場合、蒸発器33の熱負荷が大きいと予測されるため、S114においてエアコンECU72はデューティ比Dtを単位量ΔDだけ増大させ、その修正値(Dt+ΔD)へのデューティ比Dtの変更を駆動回路78に指令する。従って、制御弁CVの弁開度が若干減少し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が増大して蒸発器33での除熱能力が高まり、エバ後温度Te(x)は低下傾向となる。
【0060】
S113判定がYESの場合、蒸発器33の熱負荷が小さいと予測されるため、S115においてエアコンECU72はデューティ比Dtを単位量ΔDだけ減少させ、その修正値(Dt−ΔD)へのデューティ比Dtの変更を駆動回路78に指令する。従って、制御弁CVの弁開度が若干増加し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が減少して蒸発器33での除熱能力が低まり、エバ後温度Te(x)は上昇傾向となる。
【0061】
なお、前記S114及びS115からは処理がS116に移行される。
以上のように、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレの解消を直接の制御目標とした、S114及び/又はS115のデューティ比Dtの修正処理を経ることで、検出エバ後温度Te(x)が目標エバ後温度Te(set)からズレていてもデューティ比Dtが次第に最適化される。従って、制御弁CVでの内部自律的な弁開度調節も相俟って、検出エバ後温度Te(x)が目標エバ後温度Te(set)付近に精度良く収束されることとなる。
【0062】
本実施形態においては次のような効果を奏する。
(1)エアコンECU72は、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)と目標吸入圧力Ps(set)とのズレの解消を直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理を行っている。吸入圧力Ps(x)は、蒸発器33の熱負荷の変動に対して、エバ後温度Te(x)よりも速やかに応答する物理量である。従って、例えば、ブロワモータの回転速度(風量)の急激な変動に起因した、蒸発器33の熱負荷の急激な変動に応じて、圧縮機Cの吐出容量を速やかに変更することができる。よって、エバ後温度Te(x)を目標エバ後温度Te(set)に対して速やかに近づけることができ、空調フィーリングを良好とすることができる。
【0063】
(2)制御弁CVは、コイル61への通電デューティ比Dtが同じであったとしても、吐出室22の圧力PdHとクランク室12の内圧との差が異なれば、設定差圧も微妙に異なる構成である。従って、従来においては、例えば、車両の急加速等によるエンジンE(圧縮機C)の回転速度の急激な変動、言い換えれば冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量の急激な変動に対しても、当該変動に起因した検出エバ後温度Te(x)の変動に基づく、外部制御による設定差圧の変更で対応する必要があった。つまり、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標とした、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理では、エンジンEの回転速度の急激な変動によっても、「従来技術」において述べたことと同様な問題、つまりエバ後温度Te(x)が目標エバ後温度Te(set)に対して近づけられるまでに時間がかかり、空調フィーリングが悪化する問題を生じることとなる。
【0064】
しかし、本実施形態においてエアコンECU72は、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)と目標吸入圧力Ps(set)とのズレの解消を直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正を行っている。吸入圧力Ps(x)は、エンジンEの回転速度の変動に対して、例えばエバ後温度Te(x)よりも速やかに応答する物理量である。従って、エンジンEの回転速度の急変に応じて、圧縮機Cの吐出容量を速やかに変更することができ、エバ後温度Te(x)を目標エバ後温度Te(set)に対して速やかに近づけることができる。よって、エンジンEの回転速度の急変に対しても、良好な空調フィーリングを維持することができる。
【0065】
(3)エアコンECU72は、目標エバ後温度Te(set)と検出エバ後温度Te(x)とのズレ量が少ない場合には、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正を行っている。従って、検出エバ後温度Te(x)を目標エバ後温度Te(set)付近に精度良く収束させることができ、これは空調フィーリングのさらなる向上につながる。
【0066】
なお、本発明の趣旨から逸脱しない範囲で以下の態様でも実施できる。
・上記実施形態の吸入圧力センサ83を、蒸発器33の表面温度(熱交換フィンの温度)を検出する表面温度センサに変更する。そして、上記実施形態のエアコンECU72による、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理の一部、詳しくは、図3のフローチャートの一部のステップ(S107〜S111)を次のように変更する。
【0067】
すなわち、S107において目標表面温度算出手段としてのエアコンECU72は、S105にて算出された目標エバ後温度Te(set)から、予め記憶されたマップデータに基づいて目標表面温度を算出する。S108において、表面温度センサからの検出表面温度が、算出された目標表面温度より大であるか否かを判定する。S108判定がNOの場合、S109において、検出表面温度が目標表面温度より小であるか否かを判定する。S109判定もNOの場合には、検出表面温度が目標表面温度に一致していることになる。
【0068】
このため、エアコンECU72は、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtを変更しなくとも、やがては目標エバ後温度Te(set)と検出エバ後温度Te(x)とのズレ量が所定値(例えば2℃)以内となると判断し、駆動回路78にデューティ比Dtの変更指令を発することなく処理はS116に移行される。つまり、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtを変更すると、先ず蒸発器33の表面温度が変動し、この表面温度の変動から時間差をおいてエバ後温度Te(x)が変動するのである。
【0069】
前記S108判定がYESの場合、蒸発器33の熱負荷が大きいと予測されるため、S110においてエアコンECU72はデューティ比Dtを単位量ΔDだけ増大させ、その修正値(Dt+ΔD)へのデューティ比Dtの変更を駆動回路78に指令する。従って、制御弁CVの弁開度が若干減少し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が増大して蒸発器33での除熱能力が高まり、蒸発器33の表面温度及びエバ後温度Te(x)が低下傾向を示すこととなる。
【0070】
前記S109判定がYESの場合、蒸発器33の熱負荷が小さいと予測されるため、S111においてエアコンECU72はデューティ比Dtを単位量ΔDだけ減少させ、その修正値(Dt−ΔD)へのデューティ比Dtの変更を駆動回路78に指令する。従って、制御弁CVの弁開度が若干増加し、圧縮機Cの吐出容量が減少して蒸発器33での除熱能力が低まり、蒸発器33の表面温度及びエバ後温度Te(x)が上昇傾向を示すこととなる。
【0071】
前記蒸発器33の表面温度は、該蒸発器33の熱負荷の変動に対して、エバ後温度Te(x)よりも速やかに応答する物理量である。従って、本態様においても、上記実施形態の(1)〜(3)と同様な効果を奏する。
【0072】
・上記実施形態においては、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレ量が所定値以内の場合には、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正が行われている。また、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレ量が所定値よりも多い場合には、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)と目標吸入圧力Ps(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正が行われている。
【0073】
これを変更し、目標エバ後温度Te(set)と検出エバ後温度Te(x)とのズレ量に関係なく、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)と目標吸入圧力Ps(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正を行うようにすること。つまり、例えば、上記実施形態において図3のフローチャートから、S106、S112〜S115を削除すること。このようにしても、エンジンEの回転速度や蒸発器33の熱負荷の急変に対して、圧縮機Cの吐出容量を速やかに変更することができ、空調フィーリングを良好とすることができる。
【0074】
・制御弁CVの設定差圧の大小つまりコイル61への通電デューティ比Dtの大小に応じて、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理に関する直接の制御目標を変更すること。つまり、例えば、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtが所定値以上の場合、言い換えれば冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量を大流量域で制御する場合には、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理を行う。逆に、デューティ比Dtが所定値未満の場合、言い換えれば冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量を小流量域で制御する場合には、検出吸入圧力Ps(x)と目標吸入圧力Ps(set)とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理を行うようにすること。
【0075】
このようにすれば、前記冷媒循環回路の小冷媒流量域での流量制御が安定され、良好な空調フィーリングを得ることができる。すなわち、前記制御弁CVは、冷媒循環回路の二点間差圧ΔPdを検出して、内部自律的に圧縮機Cの吐出容量のフィードバック制御を行う構成である。従って、冷媒循環回路の冷媒流量が少ない場合、該冷媒流量の変動に伴う二点間差圧ΔPdの変動は小さく(明確ではなく)、制御弁CVの内部自律制御が正確に機能し難くなる。よって、検出エバ後温度Te(x)と目標エバ後温度Te(set)とのズレを解消することを、制御弁CVのデューティ比Dtの修正処理の直接の制御目標とすると、デューティ比Dtの修正に対する検出エバ後温度Te(x)の反応の鈍さから、冷媒循環回路の小冷媒流量域での流量制御が不安定となるのである。
【0076】
・第1圧力監視点P1を、冷媒循環回路において蒸発器33と吸入室21とを含む両者の間の吸入圧力領域に設定するとともに、第2圧力監視点P2を同じ吸入圧力領域において第1圧力監視点P1の下流側に設定すること。
【0077】
・制御弁CVとして、給気通路28ではなく、抽気通路27の開度調節によりクランク室12の内圧を調節する、所謂抜き側制御弁を採用すること。
・容量可変型圧縮機としてワッブルタイプのものを採用すること。
【0078】
上記実施形態から把握できる技術的思想について記載する。
(1)前記冷房負荷情報検出手段からの冷房負荷情報に基づいて、前記蒸発器を通過した空気の温度の目標値を算出する目標エバ後温度算出手段と、前記蒸発器を通過した空気の温度を検出するエバポレータセンサとを備え、
前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標エバ後温度算出手段が算出した目標値とエバポレータセンサが検出した温度とのズレ量が所定値を超えている場合には、目標表面温度算出手段が算出した表面温度の目標値と表面温度センサが検出した表面温度とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御し、
前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標エバ後温度算出手段が算出した目標値とエバポレータセンサが検出した温度とのズレ量が所定値以内の場合には、目標エバ後温度算出手段が算出した目標値とエバポレータセンサが検出した温度とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する請求項3に記載の空調装置。
【0079】
(2)前記制御弁において弁体の位置決めには、冷媒循環回路の吐出圧力と容量可変型圧縮機のクランク室の圧力との差に基づく力も関与する請求項1〜3のいずれか又は前記技術的思想(1)に記載の空調装置。
【0080】
【発明の効果】
上記構成の本発明によれば、空調フィーリングに優れた空調装置を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】容量可変型斜板式圧縮機の断面図。
【図2】制御弁の断面図。
【図3】空調制御を説明するためのフローチャート。
【符号の説明】
30…冷媒循環回路を構成する外部冷媒回路、33…蒸発器、44…制御弁の感圧機構を構成する感圧室、46…弁体としての弁体部、48…感圧部材、51…設定差圧変更用アクチュエータとしての電磁アクチュエータ部、72…目標吸入圧力算出手段、圧縮機制御手段及び目標エバ後温度算出手段としてのエアコンECU、80…冷房負荷情報検出手段としての温度設定器、81…同じく車室温度センサ、82…同じく外気温度センサ、83…吸入圧力センサ、84…エバポレータセンサ、85…冷房負荷情報検出手段としての日射センサ、C…容量可変型圧縮機、CV…制御弁、P1…第1圧力監視点、P2…第2圧力監視点、ΔPd…二つの圧力監視点間の圧力差、Tset…冷房負荷情報としての車室の設定温度、Tr…同じく車室温度、Tam…同じく外気温度、Ts…同じく日射強度、Ps(x)…検出吸入圧力、Ps(set)…目標吸入圧力、Te(x)…検出エバ後温度、Te(set)…目標エバ後温度。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit provided with a variable displacement compressor, and a control valve for adjusting a valve opening that leads to a change in the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, in a vehicle air conditioner, a target value of the temperature of the air immediately after passing through the evaporator (post-evaporation temperature) is determined based on cooling load information such as outside air temperature, vehicle interior temperature, and solar radiation intensity. . The discharge displacement of the variable displacement compressor is feedback-controlled based on the target post-evaporation temperature and the post-evaporation temperature detected by the evaporator sensor.
[0003]
2. Description of the Related Art A variable displacement swash plate type compressor (hereinafter referred to as a compressor), which is widely used as a variable displacement compressor for a vehicle, incorporates a displacement control mechanism for controlling a discharge displacement. As a control valve that constitutes the capacity control mechanism, the valve body is positioned based on the balance between the force from the pressure-sensitive mechanism and the force from the electromagnetic actuator, thereby adjusting the pressure of the swash plate chamber (also called a crank chamber) to adjust the pressure. There is a configuration that determines a plate angle (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0004]
That is, the pressure sensing mechanism senses a pressure difference between two pressure monitoring points set in the refrigerant circulation circuit (a pressure difference between the two points) with a pressure sensing member such as a bellows, and is based on the pressure difference between the two points. The force acts on the valve body. The electromagnetic actuator can change the set value (set differential pressure) of the two-point differential pressure, which is a reference for the internal autonomous operation of the pressure-sensitive mechanism, by increasing or decreasing the force acting on the pressure-sensitive member by external control. . Then, the external control of the electromagnetic actuator, that is, the change of the set differential pressure of the control valve is performed based on the target post-evaporation temperature and the detected post-evaporation temperature. That is, if the detected post-evaporation temperature is higher than the target post-evaporation temperature, the set differential pressure is increased and changed to increase the discharge capacity of the compressor. Conversely, if the detected post-evaporation temperature is lower than the target post-evaporation temperature, the set differential pressure is reduced and changed to reduce the displacement of the compressor.
[0005]
The refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circuit is reflected in the pressure difference between the two points in the refrigerant circuit. Therefore, it can be said that the control valve directly controls the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit that directly affects the load torque of the compressor. Therefore, for example, the computer for controlling the engine of the vehicle can easily and accurately calculate the torque required for driving the compressor as an accessory from the set differential pressure (electric signal) commanded to the electromagnetic actuator of the control valve. Can be estimated. As a result, the output of the engine can be suitably adjusted, and the fuel consumption of the engine can be reduced.
[0006]
Further, the electromagnetic actuator of the control valve only needs to be able to generate a small electromagnetic force that can be balanced with a small force based on the pressure difference between two points. Therefore, for example, when carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, that is, even when the pressure of the refrigerant circulation circuit is much higher than the case of using Freon refrigerant, the size of the electromagnetic actuator and thus the size of the control valve are increased. Can be suppressed. That is, for example, a so-called variable set suction pressure type control valve in which the pressure sensing mechanism operates at the absolute value of the suction pressure is a large electromagnetic valve that can balance a large force based on the suction pressure when the suction pressure is increased by the carbon dioxide refrigerant. Very large electromagnetic actuators that can generate force must be employed.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2001-173556 (pages 8-11, FIG. 3)
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the control valve detects the differential pressure between two points in the refrigerant circuit that does not reflect the heat load state of the evaporator, and performs feedback control of the discharge capacity of the compressor autonomously internally. Therefore, the change in the heat load of the evaporator has to be dealt with by changing the set differential pressure by external control based on the change in the temperature after the detection due to the change. The fluctuation of the post-evaporation temperature with respect to the fluctuation of the heat load of the evaporator has a slow response.For example, even if the heat load of the evaporator fluctuates rapidly, depending on the control valve, it is necessary to quickly change the discharge capacity of the compressor. Could not. As a result, it takes time for the post-evaporation temperature to approach the target post-evaporation temperature, causing a problem that the air conditioning feeling deteriorates.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner excellent in air conditioning feeling.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an air conditioner according to the present invention includes a cooling load information detecting unit, a target suction pressure calculating unit, a suction pressure sensor, and a compressor control unit. The cooling load information detecting means detects cooling load information of the refrigerant circuit. The target suction pressure calculation means calculates a target pressure (target suction pressure) in the low pressure region of the refrigerant circuit based on the cooling load information from the cooling load information detection means. The suction pressure sensor detects a pressure in a low pressure region of the refrigerant circuit (detected suction pressure).
[0011]
Then, the compressor control means controls the actuator for changing the set differential pressure of the control valve, with the elimination of the deviation between the target suction pressure and the detected suction pressure as a direct control target. The suction pressure of the refrigerant circuit is a physical quantity that responds more quickly to a change in the heat load of the evaporator than, for example, the temperature of air immediately after passing through the evaporator (temperature after evaporation). Therefore, for example, the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor can be quickly changed according to a sudden change in the heat load of the evaporator, and the air conditioning feeling can be improved.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, a target post-evaporation temperature calculating means and an evaporator sensor are provided. The target post-evaporation temperature calculation means calculates the target post-evaporation temperature based on the cooling load information from the cooling load information detection means. The evaporator sensor detects the post-evaporation temperature.
[0013]
When the difference between the target post-evaporation temperature and the detected post-evaporation temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the compressor control means directly cancels the deviation between the target suction pressure and the detected suction pressure. An actuator for changing the set differential pressure of the control valve is controlled as a control target. Therefore, for example, as described in claim 1, even if the amount of deviation between the target post-evaporation temperature and the detected post-evaporation temperature exceeds a predetermined value due to a sudden change in the heat load of the evaporator, the variable displacement compressor is used. , The post-evaporation temperature can be quickly brought close to the target post-evaporation temperature, and the air conditioning feeling can be improved.
[0014]
Further, when the amount of deviation between the target post-evaporation temperature and the detected post-evaporation temperature is within a predetermined value, the compressor control means directly cancels the deviation between the target post-evaporation temperature and the detected post-evaporation temperature. An actuator for changing the set differential pressure of the control valve is controlled as a control target. Therefore, the post-evaporation temperature can be accurately converged to the vicinity of the target post-evaporation temperature, which leads to a further improvement in the air conditioning feeling.
[0015]
To achieve the above object, an air conditioner according to a third aspect of the present invention includes a cooling load information detecting unit, a target surface temperature calculating unit, a surface temperature sensor, and a compressor controlling unit. The cooling load information detecting means detects cooling load information of the refrigerant circuit. The target surface temperature calculating means calculates a target value of the surface temperature of the evaporator of the refrigerant circuit based on the cooling load information from the cooling load information detecting means. The surface temperature sensor detects the surface temperature of the evaporator provided in the refrigerant circuit.
[0016]
Then, the compressor control means sets the differential pressure change actuator of the control valve as a direct control target to eliminate a deviation between the target temperature calculated by the target surface temperature calculation means and the temperature detected by the surface temperature sensor. Control. The surface temperature of the evaporator is a physical quantity that responds more quickly to the fluctuation of the heat load of the evaporator than the temperature after evaporation. Therefore, for example, the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor can be quickly changed according to a sudden change in the heat load of the evaporator, and the air conditioning feeling can be improved.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a vehicle air conditioner will be described.
(Variable capacity swash plate type compressor)
As shown in FIG. 1, a crank chamber 12 as a swash plate chamber is defined in a housing 11 of a variable displacement type swash plate type compressor (hereinafter simply referred to as a compressor) C. A drive shaft 13 is rotatably disposed in the crank chamber 12. The drive shaft 13 is operatively connected to an engine (internal combustion engine) E, which is a driving source of the vehicle, via a power transmission mechanism PT, and is rotationally driven by receiving power from the engine E.
[0018]
The power transmission mechanism PT may be a clutch mechanism (for example, an electromagnetic clutch) capable of selecting transmission / disconnection of power by external electric control, or a constant transmission type clutch having no such clutch mechanism. A mechanism (for example, a combination of a belt and a pulley) may be used. In this embodiment, a clutchless type power transmission mechanism PT is employed.
[0019]
A lug plate 14 is fixed on the drive shaft 13 in the crank chamber 12 so as to be integrally rotatable. A swash plate 15 is accommodated in the crank chamber 12. The swash plate 15 is supported by the drive shaft 13 so as to be slidable and tiltable. The hinge mechanism 16 is interposed between the lug plate 14 and the swash plate 15. Therefore, the swash plate 15 can rotate synchronously with the lug plate 14 and the drive shaft 13 and can tilt with respect to the drive shaft 13 via the hinge mechanism 16.
[0020]
A plurality of cylinder bores 11a (only one is shown in the drawing) are formed in the housing 11, and a single-headed piston 17 is accommodated in each cylinder bore 11a so as to be able to reciprocate. Each piston 17 is moored to the outer peripheral portion of the swash plate 15 via a shoe 18. Therefore, the rotational movement of the swash plate 15 accompanying the rotation of the drive shaft 13 is converted into the reciprocating movement of the piston 17 via the shoe 18.
[0021]
A compression chamber 20 is defined on the rear side (right side in the drawing) of the cylinder bore 11 a by being surrounded by a piston 17 and a valve / port forming body 19 provided in the housing 11. A suction chamber 21 and a discharge chamber 22 are separately formed inside the housing 11 on the rear side.
[0022]
Then, the refrigerant gas in the suction chamber 21 moves from the top dead center position to the bottom dead center side of each piston 17, and flows through the suction port 23 and the suction valve 24 formed in the valve / port forming body 19 to the compression chamber. Inhaled to 20. The refrigerant gas sucked into the compression chamber 20 is compressed to a predetermined pressure by moving from the bottom dead center position of the piston 17 to the top dead center side, and is discharged to the discharge port 25 formed in the valve / port formation body 19 and the discharge port 25. The liquid is discharged to the discharge chamber 22 via the valve 26.
[0023]
(Compressor capacity control structure)
As shown in FIG. 1, a bleed passage 27 and an air supply passage 28 are provided in the housing 11. The bleed passage 27 connects the crank chamber 12 and the suction chamber 21. The air supply passage 28 connects the discharge chamber 22 and the crank chamber 12. A control valve CV is provided in the housing 11 in the air supply passage 28.
[0024]
By adjusting the opening of the control valve CV, the amount of high-pressure discharge gas introduced into the crank chamber 12 via the air supply passage 28 and the amount of gas derived from the crank chamber 12 via the bleed passage 27 are reduced. Is controlled, and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 is determined. In accordance with the change in the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12, the difference between the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 via the piston 17 and the internal pressure of the compression chamber 20 is changed, and the inclination angle of the swash plate 15 is changed. That is, the discharge capacity of the compressor C is adjusted.
[0025]
For example, when the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 decreases, the inclination angle of the swash plate 15 increases, and the displacement of the compressor C increases. In FIG. 1, the two-dot chain line indicates a maximum tilt angle state in which further tilting of the swash plate 15 is restricted by the lug plate 14. Conversely, when the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 increases, the inclination angle of the swash plate 15 decreases, and the discharge capacity of the compressor C decreases. In FIG. 1, the solid line indicates the state of the minimum inclination angle of the swash plate 15.
[0026]
(Refrigerant circulation circuit)
As shown in FIG. 1, a refrigerant circulation circuit (refrigeration cycle) of the vehicle air conditioner includes the compressor C and an external refrigerant circuit 30 described above. The external refrigerant circuit 30 includes a condenser 31, an expansion valve 32, and an evaporator 33.
[0027]
A first pressure monitoring point P1 is set in the discharge chamber 22. A second pressure monitoring point P2 is set in the refrigerant passage at a predetermined distance from the first pressure monitoring point P1 to the condenser 31 side (downstream side). The difference between the pressure PdH at the first pressure monitoring point P1 and the pressure PdL at the second pressure monitoring point P2 reflects the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit. The first pressure monitoring point P1 and the control valve CV are communicated via a first pressure detection passage 35. The second pressure monitoring point P2 and the control valve CV are communicated via a second pressure detection passage 36 (see FIG. 2).
[0028]
(Control valve)
As shown in FIG. 2, a valve chamber 42, a communication passage 43, and a pressure-sensitive chamber 44 are defined in a valve housing 41 of the control valve CV. An operating rod 45 is provided in the valve chamber 42 and the communication passage 43 so as to be movable in the axial direction (vertical direction in the drawing). The communication passage 43 and the pressure-sensitive chamber 44 are shut off by the upper end of the operating rod 45 inserted into the communication passage 43. The valve chamber 42 communicates with the discharge chamber 22 via an upstream part of the air supply passage 28. The communication passage 43 communicates with the crank chamber 12 via a downstream portion of the air supply passage 28. The valve chamber 42 and the communication passage 43 constitute a part of the air supply passage 28.
[0029]
In the valve chamber 42, a valve body 46 formed at an intermediate portion of the operation rod 45 is disposed. The step located at the boundary between the valve chamber 42 and the communication passage 43 forms a valve seat 47, and the communication passage 43 forms a kind of valve hole. Then, when the operating rod 45 moves up from the position shown in FIG. 2 (the lowest position) to the highest position where the valve body 46 is seated on the valve seat 47, the communication passage 43 is shut off. That is, the valve body portion 46 of the operation rod 45 functions as a valve body capable of adjusting the opening degree of the air supply passage 28.
[0030]
A pressure-sensitive member 48 made of a bellows is accommodated in the pressure-sensitive chamber 44. The upper end of the pressure-sensitive member 48 is fixed to the valve housing 41. The lower end of the pressure-sensitive member 48 is fitted with the upper end of the operating rod 45. Inside the pressure-sensitive chamber 44, a first pressure chamber 49, which is an inner space of the pressure-sensitive member 48, and a second pressure chamber 50, which is an outer space of the pressure-sensitive member 48, by a cylindrical pressure-sensitive member 48 having a bottom. It is divided into and. The pressure PdH at the first pressure monitoring point P1 is guided to the first pressure chamber 49 via the first pressure detection passage 35. The pressure PdL at the second pressure monitoring point P2 is guided to the second pressure chamber 50 via the second pressure detection passage 36. The pressure-sensitive member 48 and the pressure-sensitive chamber 44 constitute a pressure-sensitive mechanism.
[0031]
An electromagnetic actuator 51 as a set differential pressure changing actuator is provided below the valve housing 41. The electromagnetic actuator section 51 includes a cylindrical housing cylinder 52 with a bottom at the center in the valve housing 41. A center post (stator) 53 is fitted and fixed in the upper opening of the housing cylinder 52. Due to the fitting of the center post 53, a plunger chamber 54 is defined at the lowermost part in the housing cylinder 52.
[0032]
A plunger (movable element) 56 is accommodated in the plunger chamber 54 so as to be movable in the axial direction. A guide hole 57 extending in the axial direction is formed through the center of the center post 53, and the lower end of the operating rod 45 is disposed in the guide hole 57 so as to be movable in the axial direction. The lower end of the operating rod 45 is in contact with the upper end surface of the plunger 56 in the plunger chamber 54.
[0033]
In the plunger chamber 54, a plunger biasing spring 60 made of a coil spring is housed between the inner bottom surface of the housing cylinder 52 and the plunger 56. The plunger biasing spring 60 biases the plunger 56 toward the operation rod 45. The operating rod 45 is urged toward the plunger 56 based on the spring property (hereinafter, referred to as a bellows spring 48) of the pressure-sensitive member 48 itself. Therefore, the plunger 56 and the operating rod 45 always move up and down integrally. The bellows spring 48 has a larger spring force than the plunger urging spring 60.
[0034]
A coil 61 is wound around the outer periphery of the housing cylinder 52 so as to straddle the center post 53 and the plunger 56. Electric power is supplied to the coil 61 from a drive circuit 78 based on a command from an air conditioner ECU 72 (a computer for controlling an air conditioner) as a compressor control means in accordance with information from the information detection means 77. An electromagnetic force (electromagnetic attraction) having a magnitude corresponding to the amount of electric power supplied from the drive circuit 78 to the coil 61 is generated between the plunger 56 and the center post 53, and the electromagnetic force is transmitted through the plunger 56 to the operating rod. 45. The energization of the coil 61 is controlled by adjusting the applied voltage, and PWM (pulse width modulation) control is employed for adjusting the applied voltage.
[0035]
(Operation characteristics of control valve)
In the control valve CV, the arrangement position of the operating rod 45 (the valve body 46), that is, the valve opening is determined as follows.
[0036]
First, as shown in FIG. 2, when the coil 61 is not energized (duty ratio Dt = 0%), the action of the downward biasing force of the bellows spring 48 becomes dominant in the arrangement of the operating rod 45. Accordingly, the operating rod 45 is disposed at the lowermost position, and the valve body 46 fully opens the communication passage 43. For this reason, the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 becomes the maximum value that can be taken under the situation at that time, and the difference between the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 and the internal pressure of the compression chamber 20 via the piston 17 is large, and the swash plate 15 Indicates that the inclination angle is minimum and the discharge capacity of the compressor C is minimum.
[0037]
Next, when the coil 61 is energized by the minimum duty ratio Dt (min) (> 0%) or more of the duty ratio variable range, the upward electromagnetic force urged by the plunger urging spring 60 is applied by the bellows spring 48. The operating rod 45 starts to move upward, surpassing the downward urging force. In this state, the upward electromagnetic force energized by the upward urging force of the plunger urging spring 60 causes the downward pressing force based on the two-point differential pressure ΔPd (= PdH−PdL) energized by the downward urging force of the bellows spring 48. Against Then, the valve body 46 of the operating rod 45 is positioned with respect to the valve seat 47 at a position where these vertical urging forces are balanced, and the discharge capacity of the compressor C is adjusted.
[0038]
For example, when the rotation speed of the engine E decreases and the refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circulation circuit decreases, the force based on the downward pressure difference ΔPd between the two points decreases, and the upward electromagnetic force at that point causes the operating rod 45 to move. It becomes impossible to balance the acting upper and lower urging forces. Accordingly, the operating rod 45 (the valve body 46) moves upward, the opening degree of the communication passage 43 decreases, and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 tends to decrease. Therefore, the swash plate 15 tilts in the direction of increasing the tilt angle, and the discharge capacity of the compressor C is increased. If the discharge capacity of the compressor C increases, the refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circuit also increases, and the pressure difference ΔPd between the two points increases.
[0039]
Conversely, when the rotation speed of the engine E increases and the refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circulation circuit increases, the force based on the downward pressure difference ΔPd between the two points increases, and the operating rod 45 with the upward electromagnetic force at that time. The upper and lower urging forces acting on the tire cannot be balanced. Accordingly, the operating rod 45 (the valve body 46) moves down, the opening of the communication passage 43 increases, and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 tends to increase. For this reason, the swash plate 15 tilts in the direction of decreasing the tilt angle, and the discharge capacity of the compressor C is reduced. If the discharge capacity of the compressor C decreases, the refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circuit also decreases, and the point-to-point differential pressure ΔPd decreases.
[0040]
Further, for example, if the energizing duty ratio Dt to the coil 61 is increased to increase the upward electromagnetic force, the force based on the pressure difference ΔPd between the two points at that time cannot balance the vertical urging force. For this reason, the operating rod 45 (valve body part 46) moves upward, the opening degree of the communication passage 43 decreases, and the discharge capacity of the compressor C increases. As a result, the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit increases, and the pressure difference ΔPd between the two points also increases.
[0041]
Conversely, if the power supply duty ratio Dt to the coil 61 is reduced to reduce the upward electromagnetic force, the force based on the pressure difference ΔPd between the two points at that time cannot balance the vertical urging force. For this reason, the operating rod 45 (valve body part 46) moves downward, the opening degree of the communication passage 43 increases, and the discharge capacity of the compressor C decreases. As a result, the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit decreases, and the pressure difference ΔPd between the two points also decreases.
[0042]
That is, the control valve CV adjusts the fluctuation of the two-point differential pressure ΔPd so as to maintain the control target (set differential pressure) of the two-point differential pressure ΔPd determined by the energization duty ratio Dt to the coil 61. Accordingly, the operation rod 45 (valve body 46) is positioned autonomously internally. Further, the set differential pressure can be externally changed by adjusting the energization duty ratio Dt to the coil 61.
[0043]
The pressure in the crank chamber 12 is introduced into the plunger chamber 54 via a gap between the guide hole 57 and the operating rod 45. Therefore, the pressure in the plunger chamber 54 (the pressure in the crank chamber 12) acts on the operating rod 45 in the valve closing direction. The pressure PdH in the discharge chamber 22 acts on the upper end surface of the valve body 46 in the valve opening direction. Therefore, in order to position the operating rod 45, in addition to the force based on the pressure difference ΔPd between two points and the force from the electromagnetic actuator 51, the force based on the difference between the pressure PdH of the discharge chamber 22 and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 is slightly increased. Are involved. That is, even if the duty ratio Dt to the coil 61 is the same, if the difference between the pressure PdH of the discharge chamber 22 and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 is different, the set differential pressure of the control valve CV is slightly different. It will be.
[0044]
(Air conditioning control)
As shown in FIG. 2, the information detecting means 77 includes an air conditioner switch 79, a temperature setting device 80, a cabin temperature sensor 81, an outside air temperature sensor 82, a solar radiation sensor 85, a suction pressure sensor 83, an evaporator sensor 84, and the like. Provided.
[0045]
The air conditioner switch 79 is an on / off switch of the air conditioner, and the temperature setting device 80 is for the occupant to set the temperature in the vehicle interior (set temperature Tset). The vehicle interior temperature sensor 81 is for detecting the temperature Tr in the vehicle interior, the outside air temperature sensor 82 is for detecting the outside air temperature Tam, and the solar radiation sensor 85 is for detecting the solar radiation intensity (sunlight intensity) Ts. It is for detecting. The suction pressure sensor 83 detects the pressure Ps (x) in a low-pressure region (a suction pressure region, for example, in the suction chamber 21, in the low-pressure side pipe of the external refrigerant circuit 30, near the refrigerant outlet in the evaporator 33, etc.). It is for detecting. The evaporator sensor 84 detects the temperature (post-evaporation temperature) Te (x) of the air immediately after passing through the evaporator 33.
[0046]
In particular, the temperature setter 80, the vehicle interior temperature sensor 81, the outside air temperature sensor 82, and the solar radiation sensor 85 determine the set temperature Tset, the vehicle interior temperature Tr, the outdoor air temperature Tam, and the solar radiation intensity Ts as the cooling load information of the refrigerant circuit. The cooling load information detecting means for detecting is provided.
[0047]
Then, the air conditioner ECU 72 adjusts the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV, in other words, adjusts the set differential pressure of the control valve CV based on the detection information from the information detecting means 77. Although not described in detail, the air conditioner ECU 72 also controls the control valve CV. For example, the air conditioner ECU 72 adjusts the rotation speed of a blower motor (not shown) based on detection information from the information detection unit 77. Do.
[0048]
As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, when the engine E is started, the air conditioner ECU 72 performs various initial settings in step (hereinafter referred to as “S”) 101 in accordance with an initial program. For example, “0” is given as an initial value to the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV (the non-energized state of the coil 61). In S102, the on / off status of the air conditioner switch 79 is monitored until the switch 79 is turned on. When the air conditioner switch 79 is turned on, in S103, the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is set to the minimum duty ratio Dt (min), and the internal autonomous control function (set differential pressure maintaining function) of the control valve CV is activated.
[0049]
In S104, based on the cooling load information (Tset, Tr, Tam, Ts) provided from the temperature setting device 80, the vehicle interior temperature sensor 81, the outside air temperature sensor 82, and the solar radiation sensor 85, the required blowing temperature Ta0 of the air conditioner. Is calculated. In S105, the air conditioner ECU 72 as the target post-evaporation temperature calculation means calculates the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) from the calculated required blow-out temperature Ta0 based on the map data stored in advance. Then, in S106, it is determined whether or not the difference between the calculated target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) detected from the evaporator sensor 84 is within a predetermined value (for example, 2 ° C.). Is determined.
[0050]
If the determination in S106 is NO, that is, if the difference between the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) and the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) is larger than a predetermined value, the detected suction pressure Ps from the suction pressure sensor 83 is used. Correction processing of the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is performed with the direct control target of (x) being the target value.
[0051]
That is, in S107, the air conditioner ECU 72 as the target suction pressure calculation means calculates the target suction pressure Ps (set) from the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) calculated in S105 based on the map data stored in advance. I do. In S108, it is determined whether the suction pressure Ps (x) detected by the suction pressure sensor 83 is greater than the calculated target suction pressure Ps (set). If the determination in S108 is NO, in S109, it is determined whether the detected suction pressure Ps (x) is smaller than the target suction pressure Ps (set). If the determination in S109 is also NO, it means that the detected suction pressure Ps (x) matches the target suction pressure Ps (set).
[0052]
Therefore, the air conditioner ECU 72 determines that the difference between the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) and the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) will be within a predetermined value without changing the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV. Then, the process proceeds to S116 without issuing a command to change the duty ratio Dt to the drive circuit 78. That is, when the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is changed, first, the suction pressure Ps (x) changes, and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) changes with a time difference from the change in the suction pressure Ps (x). .
[0053]
In S116, it is determined whether the air conditioner switch 79 has been turned off. If the determination in S116 is NO, the process proceeds to S104. Conversely, if the determination in S116 is YES, the process proceeds to S101, where the control valve CV is de-energized, and the compressor enters the minimum discharge capacity state.
[0054]
If the determination in S108 is YES, the heat load of the evaporator 33 is predicted to be large. Therefore, in S110, the air conditioner ECU 72 increases the duty ratio Dt by the unit amount ΔD, and increases the duty ratio to the correction value (Dt + ΔD). The change of Dt is instructed to the drive circuit 78. Therefore, the valve opening of the control valve CV slightly decreases, the discharge capacity of the compressor C increases, and the heat removal capability of the evaporator 33 increases, and the suction pressure Ps (x), and further, the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) becomes It tends to decrease.
[0055]
If the determination in S109 is YES, it is predicted that the heat load on the evaporator 33 is small. Therefore, in S111, the air conditioner ECU 72 reduces the duty ratio Dt by the unit amount ΔD, The change of Dt is instructed to the drive circuit 78. Accordingly, the valve opening of the control valve CV slightly increases, the discharge capacity of the compressor C decreases, the heat removal capacity of the evaporator 33 decreases, and the suction pressure Ps (x), and thus the post-evaporation temperature Te (x). Becomes an upward trend.
[0056]
The process shifts from S110 and S111 to S116.
As described above, the correction of the duty ratio Dt in S110 and / or S111 is performed with the elimination of the deviation between the detected suction pressure Ps (x) and the target suction pressure Ps (set) as the direct control target. Even if the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) deviate more than a predetermined value (for example, 2 ° C.), the deviation can be quickly reduced. Therefore, the amount of deviation between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) quickly falls within a predetermined value, together with the internal autonomous valve opening adjustment of the control valve CV. It will be.
[0057]
If the deviation amount between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) falls within a predetermined value by the correction processing of the duty ratio Dt in S110 and / or S111, the determination in S106 is YES. It becomes. If the determination in S106 is YES, the process of correcting the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is performed with the direct control target to eliminate the deviation between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set). Is performed.
[0058]
That is, in S112, the air conditioner ECU 72 determines whether or not the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) from the evaporator sensor 84 is higher than the calculated target post-evaporation temperature Te (set). If the determination in S112 is NO, it is determined in S113 whether the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) is lower than the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set). If the determination in S113 is also NO, it means that the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) matches the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set). Therefore, it is not necessary to change the duty ratio Dt which leads to a change in the cooling capacity. Absent. Therefore, the process proceeds to S116 without issuing an instruction to change the duty ratio Dt to drive circuit 78.
[0059]
If the determination in S112 is YES, the heat load of the evaporator 33 is predicted to be large, so in S114, the air conditioner ECU 72 increases the duty ratio Dt by the unit amount ΔD, and changes the duty ratio Dt to its corrected value (Dt + ΔD). To the drive circuit 78. Accordingly, the valve opening of the control valve CV slightly decreases, the discharge capacity of the compressor C increases, the heat removal capability of the evaporator 33 increases, and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) tends to decrease.
[0060]
If the determination in S113 is YES, the heat load of the evaporator 33 is predicted to be small, so in S115, the air conditioner ECU 72 reduces the duty ratio Dt by the unit amount ΔD, and changes the duty ratio Dt to the corrected value (Dt−ΔD). To the drive circuit 78. Accordingly, the valve opening of the control valve CV slightly increases, the discharge capacity of the compressor C decreases, the heat removal capability of the evaporator 33 decreases, and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) tends to increase.
[0061]
The process shifts from S114 and S115 to S116.
As described above, the correction process of the duty ratio Dt in S114 and / or S115 is performed with the elimination of the deviation between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) as the direct control target. Thus, even if the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) deviates from the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set), the duty ratio Dt is gradually optimized. Therefore, together with the internal autonomous valve opening adjustment by the control valve CV, the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) is accurately converged to the vicinity of the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set).
[0062]
The present embodiment has the following advantages.
(1) The air conditioner ECU 72 corrects the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV with the elimination of the deviation between the detected suction pressure Ps (x) and the target suction pressure Ps (set) as a direct control target. The suction pressure Ps (x) is a physical quantity that responds more quickly to the change in the heat load of the evaporator 33 than the post-evaporation temperature Te (x). Therefore, for example, the discharge capacity of the compressor C can be quickly changed in accordance with a sudden change in the heat load of the evaporator 33 due to a sudden change in the rotation speed (air volume) of the blower motor. Therefore, the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) can be quickly brought close to the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set), and the air conditioning feeling can be improved.
[0063]
(2) Even if the duty ratio Dt to the coil 61 is the same, if the difference between the pressure PdH of the discharge chamber 22 and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 is different, the set differential pressure of the control valve CV is also slightly different. Configuration. Therefore, in the related art, for example, a sudden change in the rotation speed of the engine E (compressor C) due to a sudden acceleration of the vehicle, in other words, a sudden change in the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is caused by the change. It is necessary to cope with this by changing the set differential pressure by external control based on the fluctuation of the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x). In other words, in the process of correcting the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV, which directly aims at eliminating the deviation between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set), the rotation of the engine E is performed. Even if the speed fluctuates rapidly, it takes a long time for the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) to approach the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) due to the same problem as described in the “prior art”. This causes a problem that the feeling is deteriorated.
[0064]
However, in the present embodiment, the air conditioner ECU 72 corrects the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV with the elimination of the deviation between the detected suction pressure Ps (x) and the target suction pressure Ps (set) as a direct control target. . The suction pressure Ps (x) is a physical quantity that responds more quickly to the fluctuation of the rotation speed of the engine E than, for example, the post-evaporation temperature Te (x). Therefore, the displacement of the compressor C can be changed quickly according to the rapid change in the rotation speed of the engine E, and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) is quickly brought close to the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set). be able to. Therefore, good air conditioning feeling can be maintained even for a sudden change in the rotation speed of the engine E.
[0065]
(3) When the amount of deviation between the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) and the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) is small, the air conditioner ECU 72 sets the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set). The correction of the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is performed with the direct control target of eliminating the deviation from the control valve CV. Therefore, the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) can be accurately converged to the vicinity of the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set), which leads to a further improvement in the air conditioning feeling.
[0066]
The present invention can be implemented in the following modes without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
-The suction pressure sensor 83 of the above embodiment is changed to a surface temperature sensor that detects the surface temperature of the evaporator 33 (the temperature of the heat exchange fins). Then, a part of the correction process of the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV by the air conditioner ECU 72 of the above embodiment, specifically, some steps (S107 to S111) of the flowchart of FIG. 3 are changed as follows.
[0067]
That is, in S107, the air conditioner ECU 72 as the target surface temperature calculation means calculates the target surface temperature based on the map data stored in advance from the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) calculated in S105. In S108, it is determined whether or not the detected surface temperature from the surface temperature sensor is higher than the calculated target surface temperature. If the determination in S108 is NO, in S109, it is determined whether the detected surface temperature is lower than the target surface temperature. If the determination in S109 is also NO, it means that the detected surface temperature matches the target surface temperature.
[0068]
For this reason, the air conditioner ECU 72 eventually sets the deviation amount between the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) and the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) to a predetermined value (for example, 2 ° C.) without changing the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV. ), And the process proceeds to S116 without issuing an instruction to change the duty ratio Dt to the drive circuit 78. That is, when the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is changed, first, the surface temperature of the evaporator 33 fluctuates, and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) fluctuates with a time lag from the fluctuation of the surface temperature.
[0069]
If the determination in S108 is YES, the thermal load of the evaporator 33 is predicted to be large, so in S110, the air conditioner ECU 72 increases the duty ratio Dt by the unit amount ΔD, and changes the duty ratio Dt to its corrected value (Dt + ΔD). The change is commanded to the drive circuit 78. Therefore, the valve opening of the control valve CV slightly decreases, the discharge capacity of the compressor C increases, and the heat removal capability of the evaporator 33 increases, and the surface temperature of the evaporator 33 and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) decrease. It will show a downward trend.
[0070]
If the determination in S109 is YES, it is predicted that the heat load on the evaporator 33 is small. Therefore, in S111, the air conditioner ECU 72 reduces the duty ratio Dt by the unit amount ΔD, The change of Dt is instructed to the drive circuit 78. Accordingly, the valve opening of the control valve CV slightly increases, the discharge capacity of the compressor C decreases, and the heat removal capability of the evaporator 33 decreases, and the surface temperature of the evaporator 33 and the post-evaporation temperature Te (x) Indicates an upward trend.
[0071]
The surface temperature of the evaporator 33 is a physical quantity that responds more quickly to the fluctuation of the heat load of the evaporator 33 than the post-evaporation temperature Te (x). Therefore, also in this aspect, the same effects as those of (1) to (3) of the above embodiment can be obtained.
[0072]
In the above embodiment, if the deviation amount between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) is within a predetermined value, the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature The correction of the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is performed with the direct control target of eliminating the deviation from Te (set). If the difference between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) is larger than a predetermined value, the difference between the detected suction pressure Ps (x) and the target suction pressure Ps (set) is determined. Correction of the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is performed with the elimination of the deviation as a direct control target.
[0073]
This is changed to eliminate the difference between the detected suction pressure Ps (x) and the target suction pressure Ps (set) regardless of the difference between the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) and the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x). Is performed, and the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is corrected. That is, for example, in the above embodiment, S106 and S112 to S115 are deleted from the flowchart of FIG. Even in this case, the discharge capacity of the compressor C can be quickly changed in response to a sudden change in the rotation speed of the engine E and the heat load of the evaporator 33, and the air conditioning feeling can be improved.
[0074]
Changing the direct control target for the process of correcting the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV according to the magnitude of the set differential pressure of the control valve CV, that is, the magnitude of the energization duty ratio Dt to the coil 61. That is, for example, when the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, in other words, when the refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circuit is controlled in a large flow rate range, the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature The correction process of the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is performed with the direct control target of eliminating the deviation from Te (set). Conversely, when the duty ratio Dt is less than the predetermined value, in other words, when the refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circuit is controlled in a small flow rate range, the difference between the detected suction pressure Ps (x) and the target suction pressure Ps (set) is obtained. The correction processing of the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV is performed with the elimination of the above as a direct control target.
[0075]
With this configuration, the flow rate control in the small refrigerant flow rate region of the refrigerant circulation circuit is stabilized, and a good air conditioning feeling can be obtained. That is, the control valve CV is configured to detect the pressure difference ΔPd between two points in the refrigerant circuit and perform feedback control of the discharge capacity of the compressor C autonomously internally. Therefore, when the refrigerant flow rate in the refrigerant circuit is small, the fluctuation of the two-point differential pressure ΔPd due to the fluctuation of the refrigerant flow rate is small (not clear), and it is difficult for the internal autonomous control of the control valve CV to function accurately. Therefore, if the elimination of the deviation between the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) and the target post-evaporation temperature Te (set) is taken as a direct control target of the process of correcting the duty ratio Dt of the control valve CV, the duty ratio Dt Because of the slow response of the detected post-evaporation temperature Te (x) to the correction, the flow rate control in the small refrigerant flow rate region of the refrigerant circuit becomes unstable.
[0076]
The first pressure monitoring point P1 is set in a suction pressure region between the refrigerant circulation circuit including the evaporator 33 and the suction chamber 21, and the second pressure monitoring point P2 is set to the first pressure in the same suction pressure region. Be set downstream of the monitoring point P1.
[0077]
A so-called bleed-side control valve that adjusts the internal pressure of the crank chamber 12 by adjusting the opening of the bleed passage 27 instead of the supply passage 28 as the control valve CV.
-Use a wobble type compressor as the variable capacity compressor.
[0078]
The technical idea that can be grasped from the above embodiment will be described.
(1) target post-evaporation temperature calculating means for calculating a target value of the temperature of the air passing through the evaporator based on the cooling load information from the cooling load information detecting means, and the temperature of the air passing through the evaporator And an evaporator sensor for detecting
The compressor control means, when the amount of deviation between the target value calculated by the target post-evaporation temperature calculation means and the temperature detected by the evaporator sensor exceeds a predetermined value, the surface temperature calculated by the target surface temperature calculation means. The actuator for changing the set differential pressure of the control valve is controlled as a direct control target for eliminating the deviation between the target value of the surface temperature and the surface temperature detected by the surface temperature sensor,
The compressor control means, when the amount of deviation between the target value calculated by the target post-evaporation temperature calculation means and the temperature detected by the evaporator sensor is within a predetermined value, the target value calculated by the target post-evaporation temperature calculation means 4. The air conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the actuator for changing the set differential pressure of the control valve is controlled by directly resolving the deviation from the temperature detected by the evaporator sensor.
[0079]
(2) A force based on a difference between a discharge pressure of a refrigerant circuit and a pressure of a crank chamber of a variable displacement compressor is involved in positioning the valve body in the control valve. The air conditioner according to the spirit (1).
[0080]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention having the above configuration, it is possible to provide an air conditioner excellent in air conditioning feeling.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a variable displacement swash plate type compressor.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a control valve.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining air conditioning control.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference numeral 30 denotes an external refrigerant circuit constituting a refrigerant circulation circuit, 33 represents an evaporator, 44 represents a pressure-sensitive chamber constituting a pressure-sensitive mechanism of a control valve, 46 represents a valve body as a valve element, 48 represents a pressure-sensitive member, and 51 represents a pressure-sensitive member. An electromagnetic actuator section as an actuator for changing the set differential pressure; 72 ... an air conditioner ECU as target suction pressure calculating means, a compressor control means and a target post-evaporation temperature calculating means; 80 ... a temperature setter as cooling load information detecting means; 81 .. Also a vehicle compartment temperature sensor, 82 similarly an outside air temperature sensor, 83 a suction pressure sensor, 84 an evaporator sensor, 85 a solar radiation sensor as cooling load information detecting means, C a variable displacement compressor, a CV control valve, P1: first pressure monitoring point, P2: second pressure monitoring point, ΔPd: pressure difference between two pressure monitoring points, Tset: vehicle set temperature as cooling load information, Tr: vehicle Temperature, Tam: ambient air temperature, Ts: solar radiation intensity, Ps (x): detected suction pressure, Ps (set): target suction pressure, Te (x): temperature after detection, Te (set): after target evaporation temperature.

Claims (3)

容量可変型圧縮機を備えた冷媒循環回路と、該容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量変更につながる弁開度調節を行うための制御弁とを備え、
前記制御弁は、
前記冷媒循環回路に沿って設定された二つの圧力監視点間の圧力差を機械的に検出可能な感圧部材を備え、この二つの圧力監視点間の圧力差の変動に基づいて感圧部材が変位することで、該圧力差の変動を打ち消す側に容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量が変更されるように弁体を動作させる感圧機構と、
前記弁体に付与する力を外部からの指令に基づいて変更することで、感圧機構による弁体の位置決め動作の基準となる設定差圧を変更可能な設定差圧変更用アクチュエータと
からなる空調装置において、
前記冷媒循環回路の冷房負荷情報を検出する冷房負荷情報検出手段と、
前記冷房負荷情報検出手段からの冷房負荷情報に基づいて、冷媒循環回路の低圧領域の目標圧力を算出する目標吸入圧力算出手段と、
前記冷媒循環回路の低圧領域の圧力を検出する吸入圧力センサと、
前記目標吸入圧力算出手段が算出した目標圧力と吸入圧力センサが検出した圧力とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する圧縮機制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする空調装置。
A refrigerant circulation circuit having a variable displacement compressor, and a control valve for performing a valve opening adjustment that leads to a change in the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor,
The control valve includes:
A pressure-sensitive member capable of mechanically detecting a pressure difference between two pressure monitoring points set along the refrigerant circuit, and a pressure-sensitive member based on a change in the pressure difference between the two pressure monitoring points. Is displaced, a pressure-sensitive mechanism that operates the valve element such that the displacement of the variable displacement compressor is changed to the side that cancels the fluctuation of the pressure difference,
An air conditioner comprising a set differential pressure changing actuator capable of changing a set differential pressure serving as a reference for a positioning operation of the valve element by the pressure-sensitive mechanism by changing a force applied to the valve element based on an external command. In the device,
Cooling load information detecting means for detecting cooling load information of the refrigerant circuit,
Based on the cooling load information from the cooling load information detection means, target suction pressure calculation means for calculating a target pressure in the low pressure region of the refrigerant circuit,
A suction pressure sensor for detecting a pressure in a low pressure region of the refrigerant circuit,
Compressor control means for controlling an actuator for changing a set differential pressure of a control valve, as a direct control target for eliminating a deviation between the target pressure calculated by the target suction pressure calculation means and the pressure detected by the suction pressure sensor; An air conditioner comprising:
前記冷房負荷情報検出手段からの冷房負荷情報に基づいて、冷媒循環回路が備える蒸発器を通過した空気の温度の目標値を算出する目標エバ後温度算出手段と、前記蒸発器を通過した空気の温度を検出するエバポレータセンサとを備え、
前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標エバ後温度算出手段が算出した目標値とエバポレータセンサが検出した温度とのズレ量が所定値を超えている場合には、目標吸入圧力算出手段が算出した目標圧力と吸入圧力センサが検出した圧力とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御し、
前記圧縮機制御手段は、目標エバ後温度算出手段が算出した目標値とエバポレータセンサが検出した温度とのズレ量が所定値以内の場合には、目標エバ後温度算出手段が算出した目標値とエバポレータセンサが検出した温度とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する請求項1に記載の空調装置。
Based on the cooling load information from the cooling load information detecting means, based on the cooling load information, a target post-evaporation temperature calculating means for calculating a target value of the temperature of the air that has passed through the evaporator of the refrigerant circuit, An evaporator sensor for detecting temperature,
The compressor control means, when the amount of deviation between the target value calculated by the target evaporator temperature calculation means and the temperature detected by the evaporator sensor exceeds a predetermined value, the target pressure calculated by the target suction pressure calculation means. And controlling the actuator for changing the set differential pressure of the control valve, with the direct control target of eliminating the deviation between the pressure detected by the suction pressure sensor and
The compressor control means, when the amount of deviation between the target value calculated by the target post-evaporation temperature calculation means and the temperature detected by the evaporator sensor is within a predetermined value, the target value calculated by the target post-evaporation temperature calculation means The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the actuator for changing the set differential pressure of the control valve is controlled with a direct control target of eliminating a deviation from the temperature detected by the evaporator sensor.
容量可変型圧縮機を備えた冷媒循環回路と、該容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量変更につながる弁開度調節を行うための制御弁とを備え、
前記制御弁は、
前記冷媒循環回路に沿って設定された二つの圧力監視点間の圧力差を機械的に検出可能な感圧部材を備え、この二つの圧力監視点間の圧力差の変動に基づいて感圧部材が変位することで、該圧力差の変動を打ち消す側に容量可変型圧縮機の吐出容量が変更されるように弁体を動作させる感圧機構と、
前記弁体に付与する力を外部からの指令に基づいて変更することで、感圧機構による弁体の位置決め動作の基準となる設定差圧を変更可能な設定差圧変更用アクチュエータと
からなる空調装置において、
前記冷媒循環回路の冷房負荷情報を検出する冷房負荷情報検出手段と、
前記冷房負荷情報検出手段からの冷房負荷情報に基づいて、冷媒循環回路が備える蒸発器の表面温度の目標値を算出する目標表面温度算出手段と、
前記冷媒循環回路が備える蒸発器の表面温度を検出する表面温度センサと、
前記目標表面温度算出手段が算出した表面温度の目標値と表面温度センサが検出した表面温度とのズレを解消することを直接の制御目標として、制御弁の設定差圧変更用アクチュエータを制御する圧縮機制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする空調装置。
A refrigerant circulation circuit having a variable displacement compressor, and a control valve for performing a valve opening adjustment that leads to a change in the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor,
The control valve includes:
A pressure-sensitive member capable of mechanically detecting a pressure difference between two pressure monitoring points set along the refrigerant circuit, and a pressure-sensitive member based on a change in the pressure difference between the two pressure monitoring points. Is displaced, a pressure-sensitive mechanism that operates the valve element such that the displacement of the variable displacement compressor is changed to the side that cancels the fluctuation of the pressure difference,
An air conditioner comprising a set differential pressure changing actuator capable of changing a set differential pressure serving as a reference for a positioning operation of the valve element by the pressure-sensitive mechanism by changing a force applied to the valve element based on an external command. In the device,
Cooling load information detecting means for detecting cooling load information of the refrigerant circuit,
Target surface temperature calculation means for calculating a target value of the surface temperature of the evaporator provided in the refrigerant circuit, based on the cooling load information from the cooling load information detection means,
A surface temperature sensor that detects the surface temperature of the evaporator provided in the refrigerant circuit,
A compression that controls an actuator for changing a set differential pressure of a control valve, with the direct control target being to eliminate a deviation between the target value of the surface temperature calculated by the target surface temperature calculation means and the surface temperature detected by the surface temperature sensor. An air conditioner comprising: a machine control unit.
JP2002260427A 2002-09-05 2002-09-05 Air conditioner Pending JP2004098757A (en)

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