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JP2004098343A - Decorative sheet and manufacturing method for decorative frp molded product - Google Patents

Decorative sheet and manufacturing method for decorative frp molded product Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004098343A
JP2004098343A JP2002260295A JP2002260295A JP2004098343A JP 2004098343 A JP2004098343 A JP 2004098343A JP 2002260295 A JP2002260295 A JP 2002260295A JP 2002260295 A JP2002260295 A JP 2002260295A JP 2004098343 A JP2004098343 A JP 2004098343A
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Prior art keywords
sheet
resin
decorative
press
decorative sheet
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JP2002260295A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoichi Yamaguchi
山口 陽一
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Nissha Printing Co Ltd
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Nissha Printing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002260295A priority Critical patent/JP2004098343A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manufacture a decorative FRP molded product having a deep drawing shape by placing a decorative sheet and SMC or BMC becoming a reinforcing material in a press mold in a flexible and stretchable state and integrally bonding them by hot pressing at the time of press molding. <P>SOLUTION: The decorative sheet, which comprises at least a substrate sheet being a non-stretched plastic sheet and a backing sheet comprising a thermoplastic resin with a Vicat softening temperature is 40-180°C, is used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、浴室などの住設壁材、床材などに用いる加飾シートおよびFRP製品の製造方法に関する。ここで, FRPとはFiberglass Reinforced Plasticsの略で、繊維強化プラスチックのことであり、SMCとはSheet Molding Compoundsの略で、樹脂、充填材、その他添加物の混合物をガラス繊維に含浸させ増強したシート状成形材料のことであり、BMCとはBulk Molding Compoundsの略で、樹脂、充填材、補強材などを混練した塊状成形材料のことである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の浴室などの住設壁材、床材は、ある程度の強度が必要なため、FRPが使用されていたが、意匠性向上のニーズの増加とともに、表面だけでなく、側面部においても加飾が要求されるようになった。そのような加飾FRP成形品の製造方法としては、特開平11−070622号公報に記載される方法があった。
【0003】
特開平11−070622号公報に記載される方法は、二軸延伸ポリエステル樹脂層、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン樹脂層が順次積層されてなる装飾シートを用意し、装飾シートのアクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン樹脂層側と接するようにSMCまたはBMCを重ね合わせ、金型内で加熱加圧して両者を一体化する方法である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、本発明者は、特開平11−070622号公報に記載される方法を検討していたが、絞りの深い製品の形状に追従しにくく、金型に施したエンボス調などの特殊な意匠を製品表面に十分に表現できない問題があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述の問題点を解決するために、本発明者は、プレス成形金型内に、加飾シートと、SMCまたはBMCとを載置し、プレス成形時の熱圧により接着一体化する加飾FRP成形品の製造方法に用いる加飾シートであって、少なくとも無延伸の熱可塑性プラスチックシートである基体シートと、ビカット軟化温度が40〜180℃の熱可塑性樹脂である裏打ちシートとからなる加飾シートを発明した。
【0006】
また、本発明者は、前記発明のより好ましい態様として、基体シートにアクリル系樹脂またはポリプロピレン系樹脂、裏打ちシートにアクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂またはポリエチレン系樹脂からなる加飾シートを発明した。
【0007】
また、本発明者は、前記加飾シートを用いた加飾FRP成形品の製造方法として、図2の可動型(以下、上型という。)/SMCまたはBMC/加飾シート/固定型(以下、下型という。)の順に載置して、プレス成形する方法(以下、第一のプレス成形方法という。)と、図3の上型/加飾シート/SMCまたはBMC/下型の順に載置してプレス成形する方法(以下、第二のプレス成形方法という。)を発明した。なお、図2,図3は上下に型が設置され上型が上下に可動するものであるが、型が左右方向に設置されて左右に可動するものであっても良い。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の加飾シートは、少なくとも無延伸の熱可塑性プラスチックシートである基体シートと、ビカット軟化温度が40〜180℃の熱可塑性樹脂である裏打ちシートとからなり、基体シート1と裏打ちシート5とを熱ラミネート、ドライラミネートなどの方法により積層形成することで得られる。
【0009】
そして、基体シート1と裏打ちシート5との間には、加飾のための層として、グラビア印刷、シルクスクリーン印刷等により形成された絵柄層2、機能層3、接着層4などの印刷層を設ける。あるいは、印刷層を設けず、基体シート1または裏打ちシート5自体に染料、顔料等の着色剤を混練して加飾化することもできる。
【0010】
基体シート1は、加飾後は加飾FRP成形品の一構成層として、印刷層を保護する機能を有する。
【0011】
基体シート1を無延伸の熱可塑性プラスチックシートに限定した理由は、特開平11−070622号公報に記載された方法の問題の原因を調べた結果、二軸延伸ポリエステル樹脂層が結晶性のために、柔軟性、延伸性に欠け、製品の形状に追従しにくいためとわかり、本発明者は、この層が非晶質の熱で可塑化する材質からなり、柔軟性、延伸性をもつ状態を維持することができれば、製品の形状に追従しやすい状態になり、上記の問題が解決できると考えたからである。
【0012】
基体シート1の材質としては、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂,ビニロン系樹脂、アセテート系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂などや、これらのアロイ樹脂からなるプラスチックシートを使用できる。
【0013】
しかし、前記の材質であっても、SMCの成分で膨潤して溶解するようなプラスチックシートでは、SMCの熱硬化時の熱や流動時の応力により印刷層が流されて不良が出る場合がある。また、表面物性、環境への配慮なども考える必要がある。そこで、そのような問題が起こりにくい材質として、アクリル系樹脂またはポリプロピレン系樹脂からなるプラスチックシートを使うことが好ましい。
【0014】
基体シート1の膜厚としては、0.010mm〜0.500mmが好ましい。膜厚が0.010mmより薄いと、印刷層を形成する際、裏打ちシート5とラミネートする際、およびラミネートした後に絞り成形した際に、破れ易いという問題があり、膜厚が0.500mmより厚いと、印刷などの加工がし難いという問題があるためである。
【0015】
なお、基体シート1は、必要に応じて印刷層を形成する側の表面に予めコロナ放電処理、プラズマ処理、易接着プライマーコート処理等の易接着処理を施しておいてもよい。
【0016】
裏打ちシート5は、ビカット軟化温度が40℃〜180℃の熱可塑性プラスチックシートを使用する。その理由は、プレス成形時の型温の熱と、SMCまたはBMCの発熱作用を利用し、その発生した熱により裏打ちシート5が軟化して、SMCまたはBMCに固着しやすくするためである。
【0017】
すなわち、プレス成形時の型温は通常120〜180℃であり、さらにSMC、BMCの発熱作用による熱が加わるため、ビカット軟化温度が180℃以下の裏打ちシート5であれば、容易に軟化し、SMCまたはBMCに固着しやすくなると考えたのである。しかし、ビカット軟化温度が40℃未満であれば、絵柄層2が軟化して絵柄が崩れてしまう問題がある。
【0018】
ビカット軟化温度とは,ASTM―D―1525の試験方法で得られる温度であって、具体的には、直径1mmの針をのせ、その上部に1kgの荷重を加えた状態で、50℃/時間の速度で温度上昇させ、試験片が軟らかくなって針が1mm侵入するときの温度をいう。ただし、試験片の厚みが1mm未満の場合には、1mm以上の厚みになるまで同じものを何枚も重ねて測定する。
【0019】
裏打ちシート5の材質としては、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂等、またはこれらのアロイ樹脂からなるプラスチックシートが使用できる。なかでも、SMC、BMCへの溶融固着力、環境への配慮などを考えると、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂が好ましい。裏打ちシート5の膜厚としては、0.050mm〜2mmのものを使用することができる。0.050mm未満であると、プレス時に絵柄層の柄崩れを保護できない。2mmを超えると、加工しにくく生産性に欠けるなどの不具合がある。
【0020】
絵柄層2は、木目柄、石目柄、布目柄、文字、幾何学模様、全面ベタ等の加飾したい絵柄を表現するための印刷層である。全面ベタは、二酸化チタン、カーボンブラック等の隠蔽性の高い顔料を添加して、FRP成形品を隠蔽する場合などに用いられる絵柄層2の材質は、アクリル系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、硝化綿系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、塩化ゴム系樹脂などの一般的な熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。絵柄層に熱硬化性樹脂や紫外線硬化性樹脂を使用すれば、深い絞り形状で絞り成形する場合に、絵柄層が割れる不具合が発生するためである。
【0021】
なお、絵柄層2は、真空蒸着やメッキ等の方法によって、アルミニウム、クロム、銅、ニッケル、インジウム、錫、酸化珪素などの金属膜層を設けてもよい。この場合、金属膜層は全面でもパターン状でもよい。絵柄層2の膜厚は0.5μm〜10μmが好ましい。膜厚が0.5μmより薄いと、十分な意匠性や隠蔽性が得られないという問題があり、10μmより厚いと、印刷後に乾燥し難いという問題があるためである。
【0022】
また、絵柄層2と裏打ちシート5との接着性が乏しい場合には接着層4を設けることもできる。接着層4の材質は、アクリル系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ビニロン系樹脂、アセテート系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂を挙げることができ、ラミネートする裏打ちシート5との溶融固着性に応じて、適宜、好ましい材料を選択する。
【0023】
接着層4の膜厚は0.5μm〜10μmが好ましい。膜厚が0.5μmより薄いと、十分な密着が得られないという問題があり、10μmより厚いと、印刷後に乾燥し難いという問題があるためである。
【0024】また、接着層4と絵柄層2、もしくは絵柄層2と基体シート1の間に機能層3を設けてもよい。機能層3を設けるのは、それらの層間の密着性を強化させたり、耐水性や耐候性などの諸物性を向上させるためである。 機能層3の材質は、アクリル系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ビニロン系樹脂、アセテート系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂などであり、要求される諸物性や前後の層の材質に応じて、適宜、好ましい材料を選択する。
【0025】
機能層3の膜厚は0.5μm〜10μmが好ましい。膜厚が0.5μmより薄いと、十分な物性が得られないという問題があり、10μmより厚いと、印刷後に乾燥し難いという問題があるためである。
【0026】
なお、必要に応じて、加飾シートの表面上に保護層を形成してもよい。保護層の材質としては、未硬化または半硬化の熱硬化性樹脂、電離放射線硬化性樹脂等の硬化性樹脂や熱可塑性樹脂を用いるのが好ましい。保護層の厚さは要求性能に応じて適宜決めればよいが、通常1〜100μm程度である。
【0027】
SMCまたはBMCの樹脂としては、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ビニールエステル樹脂、ジアリルフタレート樹脂、熱硬化型アクリル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、グアナミン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、2液硬化型ポリウレタン樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。
【0028】
これらの熱硬化性樹脂は、単量体あるいはプレポリマー(オリゴマーも包含する)に、架橋剤、重合開始剤、硬化促進触媒、着色剤等が加えられている未硬化物の状態にしておく。この未硬化熱硬化性樹脂に、繊維質補強材と、その他必要に応じて充填剤、離型剤等の各種添加物を加えるとSMC又はBMCの形態となる。
【0029】
繊維質補強材としては、ガラス繊維の短繊維のほか、炭素繊維、石綿、チタン酸カリウム等の織布、不織布がある。
【0030】
充填剤としては、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、水酸化アルミニウム等がある。離型剤としては、ステアリン酸亜鉛等がある。
【0031】
つぎに、図2の第一のプレス成形方法および図3の第二のプレス成形方法を説明する。
【0032】
第一のプレス成形方法は、まず、裏打ちシート5面を上に向けた加飾シートAを下型6に載せ、加飾シートAの4辺をクランプし、下型6を加飾シートAで密閉、気密にする。次に、加飾シートAが、他の熱源または下型6の熱で予熱軟化されたところで、下型6に施した吸引孔より下型6内の空気を抜く(真空成形)か、裏打ちシート5の面から圧縮空気を吹き付ける(圧空成形)ことにより、加飾シートAを下型6の形状に絞り成形する。このとき、上型5を加飾シートAに近接する位置まで降ろし、上型5の熱を利用して、加飾シートAを予熱する事もできる。その後、絞り成形した加飾シートAの上にSMCまたはBMC8を載せ、プレス成形する。このとき、加飾シートAをクランプで固定せず、予め必要なサイズにカットしたものを下型6の加飾面に直接載置することもできる。
【0033】
第二のプレス成形方法は、下型6にまずSMCまたはBMC8を置き、その上に加飾シートAを基体シート1面を上にして載せ、プレス成形する。この場合、上型5は加飾シートAに近接する位置で一旦停止し、加飾シートAを予熱した後、型締めを行なうことが望ましい。これにより、加飾シートAが軟化し、金型の形状に追従し易くなるからである。
【0034】
成形品形状に凹凸が少なく平坦に近い場合では、第一のプレス成形方法、第二のプレス成形方法のいずれの方法も有効であるが、生産性からいえば第二のプレス成形方法の方が好ましい。一方、成形品形状の凹凸が激しく絞りが非常に深い場合は、基体シートを製品形状に予備成形しておくことが必要になるため、第一のプレス成形方法が有効である。
【0035】
なお、型温の熱だけで第一のプレス成形方法を行う場合には、裏打ちシート5および加飾シートのビカット軟化温度は、型温以下であることが必要である。
【0036】
本発明に使用できるプレス機としては、油圧プレス機、エアープレス機、C型プレス機、ストレートサイドプレス機などがある。
【0037】
【実施例】
(実施例1)膜厚0.1mmのポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる基体シート1上に、膜厚が2μmのポリウレタン系樹脂からなる機能層3、膜厚が8μmのポリウレタン系樹脂からなる絵柄層2、膜厚が5μmのポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる接着層4を、順次、スクリーン印刷により形成した。一方、膜厚0.5mmのポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる白色の裏打ちシート5を用意した。この裏打ちシートのビカット軟化温度は60℃であった。つぎに、上記裏打ちシート5、接着層4、機能層3、絵柄層2、基体シート1を、この順序になるよう重ねて、ドライラミネート法により加飾シートAを作製した。
【0038】
つぎに、プレス機の上型7および下型6を150℃に設定し、下型6の上に上記加飾シートAを基体シート1が下になるようにして載せ、加飾シートAの4辺をクランプし、下型6を加飾シートAで密閉、気密にした。つぎに、加飾シートAを、プレート形状の熱源で加熱した後、上型7を加飾シートAに近接する位置まで降ろし、上型7の熱を利用して、加飾シートAを予熱した。加飾シートAが予熱軟化したところで、下型6に施した吸引孔より下型6内の空気を抜き、加飾シートAを下型6の形状に絞り成形した。その後、絞り成形した加飾シートAの上に、ガラス繊維の短繊維を35重量%含み、イソシアネート架橋剤、ステアリン酸亜鉛を若干量混練した不飽和ポリエステル樹脂のプレポリマーからなるSMC8を載せ、プレス成形した。得られたFRP成形品は、従来技術の製品にはない非常に深い絞り形状の製品であった。
【0039】
(実施例2)膜厚0.15mmのアクリル樹脂からなる基体シート1上に、膜厚が2μmのアクリル系樹脂からなる絵柄層2、膜厚が5μmのビニル系樹脂からなる接着層4を、順次、スクリーン印刷により形成した。一方、膜厚0.4mmのアクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン系樹脂からなる白色の裏打ちシート5を用意した。この裏打ちシートのビカット軟化温度は70℃であった。つぎに、上記裏打ちシート5、接着層4、絵柄層2、基体シート1を、この順序になるよう重ねて、熱ラミネート法により加飾シートAを作製した。
【0040】
つぎに、プレス機の上型7および下型6を150℃に設定し、下型6の上に、ガラス繊維の短繊維を15重量%増加含み、炭酸カルシウム、イソシアネート架橋剤、ステアリン酸亜鉛を若干量混練した不飽和ポリエステル樹脂のプレポリマーからなるBMC8を置き、その上に上記加飾シートAを基体シート1面を上にして載せ、プレス成形した。得られたFRP成形品は、深い絞り形状の製品であり、かつ生産性が従来よりも大幅に向上していた。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
本発明の加飾シートは、少なくとも無延伸の熱可塑性プラスチックシートである基体シートと、ビカット軟化温度が40〜180℃の熱可塑性樹脂である裏打ちシートとからなる。したがって、加飾シートと補強材となるSMCまたはBMCとを、プレス成形金型内に、柔軟性、延伸性のある状態で載置し、プレス成形時の熱圧により接着一体化することで深い絞り形状の加飾FRP成形品を製造することができる効果がある。
【0042】
また、本発明の第一のプレス成形方法によれば、絞り成形する対象が3次元形状に追従し易い加飾シートのみであるため、従来技術の製品ができなかった非常に深い絞り形状のFRP成形品にも適用できる効果がある。
【0043】
また、本発明の第二のプレス成形方法によれば、プレス成形と同時に三次元加工ができるため、ひとつの工程のみでFRP成形品を得ることができる効果がある。
【0044】
また、第一のプレス成形方法および第二のプレス成形方法とも、基体シート1が無延伸の熱可塑性プラスチックは非晶質であるため、プレス時の金型温度で一旦軟化し、型表面の光沢感やエンボスが基体シート1表面に反映できるという効果がある。
【0045】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】請求項1に係る加飾シートの一実施例を示す断面図である。
【図2】請求項3に係る第一のプレス成形方法の一実施例を示す断面図で
ある。
【図3】請求項4に係る第二のプレス成形方法の一実施例を示す断面図で
ある。
【符号の説明】
A 加飾シート
1 基体シート
2 絵柄層
3 機能層
4 接着層
5 裏打ちシート
6 下型
7 上型
8 SMCまたはBMC
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a decorative sheet used for a wall material for a living room such as a bathroom, a floor material and the like, and a method for producing an FRP product. Here, FRP is an abbreviation of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics, which is a fiber reinforced plastic, and SMC is an abbreviation of Sheet Molding Compounds, a sheet obtained by impregnating glass fibers with a mixture of resin, filler, and other additives. BMC is an abbreviation of Bulk Molding Compounds, and is a bulk molding material obtained by kneading a resin, a filler, a reinforcing material, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FRP has been used for the wall materials and flooring materials of the existing homes such as bathrooms because they require a certain level of strength. However, with the increasing need for improved design, not only on the surface but also on the side surfaces Came to be required. As a method for producing such a decorated FRP molded product, there has been a method described in JP-A-11-070622.
[0003]
The method described in JP-A-11-070622 prepares a decorative sheet in which a biaxially stretched polyester resin layer and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin layer are sequentially laminated, and is in contact with the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin layer side of the decorative sheet. This is a method in which SMC or BMC is superimposed on each other and heated and pressed in a mold to integrate them.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the present inventor has been studying a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-070622. However, it is difficult to follow the shape of a product having a deep drawing, and a special design such as an embossed tone applied to a mold is required. There was a problem that the product surface could not be sufficiently expressed.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor places a decorative sheet and an SMC or a BMC in a press-molding die and applies a decorative FRP which is bonded and integrated by hot pressure during press-forming. A decorative sheet used in a method for producing a molded article, comprising a base sheet that is at least a non-stretched thermoplastic sheet and a backing sheet that is a thermoplastic resin having a Vicat softening temperature of 40 to 180 ° C. Was invented.
[0006]
Further, the present inventor has invented a decorative sheet comprising an acrylic resin or a polypropylene resin as a base sheet, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin as a backing sheet, a polypropylene resin or a polyethylene resin as a more preferred embodiment of the invention. .
[0007]
In addition, the present inventor has proposed a method of manufacturing a decorative FRP molded product using the decorative sheet, as shown in FIG. 2, a movable mold (hereinafter, referred to as an upper mold) / SMC or BMC / decorative sheet / fixed mold (hereinafter, referred to as an upper mold). , Lower mold) and press molding (hereinafter referred to as a first press molding method), and upper mold / decorative sheet / SMC or BMC / lower mold in FIG. And a press molding method (hereinafter referred to as a second press molding method). In FIGS. 2 and 3, the upper and lower dies are vertically movable and the upper and lower dies are movable. However, the upper and lower dies may be movable in the left and right directions.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The decorative sheet of the present invention comprises at least a base sheet that is a non-stretched thermoplastic plastic sheet and a backing sheet that is a thermoplastic resin having a Vicat softening temperature of 40 to 180 ° C. Are laminated by a method such as heat lamination or dry lamination.
[0009]
Then, between the base sheet 1 and the backing sheet 5, as a layer for decoration, a printing layer such as a picture layer 2, a functional layer 3, and an adhesive layer 4 formed by gravure printing, silk screen printing, or the like. Provide. Alternatively, it is also possible to knead the base sheet 1 or the backing sheet 5 itself with a coloring agent such as a dye or a pigment and decorate the base sheet 1 or the backing sheet 5 itself without providing a printing layer.
[0010]
The base sheet 1 has a function of protecting the printed layer as one constituent layer of the decorative FRP molded product after the decoration.
[0011]
The reason for limiting the base sheet 1 to an unstretched thermoplastic sheet is as follows. As a result of investigating the cause of the problem described in JP-A-11-070622, it was found that the biaxially stretched polyester resin layer was crystalline. It is understood that the layer lacks flexibility and stretchability, and it is difficult to follow the shape of the product, and the present inventor has determined that this layer is made of a material that is plasticized by amorphous heat and has flexibility and stretchability. This is because if it can be maintained, it will be easy to follow the shape of the product, and the above problem can be solved.
[0012]
Examples of the material of the base sheet 1 include polyester resin, polypropylene resin, polystyrene resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene resin, polycarbonate resin, vinylon resin, acetate resin, polyamide resin, acrylic resin, and polyurethane. A plastic sheet made of a base resin or the like or an alloy resin thereof can be used.
[0013]
However, even with the above-mentioned materials, in the case of a plastic sheet which swells and dissolves with the components of the SMC, the printing layer may flow due to the heat at the time of thermosetting of the SMC or the stress at the time of flowing, and a defect may occur. . It is also necessary to consider the physical properties of the surface and consideration for the environment. Therefore, it is preferable to use a plastic sheet made of an acrylic resin or a polypropylene resin as a material unlikely to cause such a problem.
[0014]
The thickness of the base sheet 1 is preferably from 0.010 mm to 0.500 mm. When the film thickness is less than 0.010 mm, there is a problem that the film is easily broken when forming a print layer, when laminating with the backing sheet 5 and when drawing after lamination, and the film thickness is greater than 0.500 mm. This is because there is a problem that processing such as printing is difficult.
[0015]
The base sheet 1 may be subjected to an easy-adhesion treatment such as a corona discharge treatment, a plasma treatment, and an easy-adhesion primer coating treatment on the surface on the side on which the print layer is to be formed, if necessary.
[0016]
As the backing sheet 5, a thermoplastic plastic sheet having a Vicat softening temperature of 40C to 180C is used. The reason for this is that the backing sheet 5 is softened by the heat of the mold temperature during press molding and the heat generation action of the SMC or BMC, and is easily fixed to the SMC or BMC.
[0017]
That is, the mold temperature at the time of press molding is usually 120 to 180 ° C., and further heat is applied by the heat generation action of SMC and BMC. Therefore, if the backing sheet 5 has a Vicat softening temperature of 180 ° C. or less, it easily softens, We thought that it would be easier to stick to SMC or BMC. However, if the Vicat softening temperature is lower than 40 ° C., there is a problem that the picture layer 2 is softened and the picture is broken.
[0018]
The Vicat softening temperature is a temperature obtained by a test method of ASTM-D-1525. Specifically, a needle having a diameter of 1 mm is placed, and a load of 1 kg is applied on the needle, at 50 ° C./hour. The temperature at the time when the temperature of the test piece is increased and the needle penetrates by 1 mm. However, when the thickness of the test piece is less than 1 mm, the same test piece is superposed and measured until the thickness becomes 1 mm or more.
[0019]
As a material of the backing sheet 5, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-based resin, a polypropylene-based resin, a polyvinyl chloride-based resin, a polyethylene-based resin, an acrylic-based resin, or a plastic sheet made of these alloy resins can be used. Above all, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, polypropylene resin, and polyethylene resin are preferable in consideration of the melt adhesion to SMC and BMC, environmental considerations, and the like. The thickness of the backing sheet 5 may be 0.050 mm to 2 mm. If it is less than 0.050 mm, the pattern collapse of the picture layer cannot be protected at the time of pressing. If it exceeds 2 mm, there are problems such as difficulty in processing and lack of productivity.
[0020]
The picture layer 2 is a print layer for expressing a picture to be decorated, such as a wood grain pattern, a stone grain pattern, a cloth grain pattern, a character, a geometric pattern, and a solid surface. The entire solid layer is made of an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a nitrified cotton, and the like, when a highly opaque pigment such as titanium dioxide or carbon black is added to conceal the FRP molded product. A general thermoplastic resin such as a resin, a polyurethane resin, and a chlorinated rubber resin is preferable. This is because if a thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet curable resin is used for the picture layer, the picture layer will break when drawing by a deep drawing shape.
[0021]
The pattern layer 2 may be provided with a metal film layer of aluminum, chromium, copper, nickel, indium, tin, silicon oxide, or the like by a method such as vacuum evaporation or plating. In this case, the metal film layer may be in the entire surface or in a pattern. The thickness of the picture layer 2 is preferably 0.5 μm to 10 μm. If the film thickness is less than 0.5 μm, there is a problem that sufficient design and concealment properties cannot be obtained, and if it is more than 10 μm, there is a problem that it is difficult to dry after printing.
[0022]
If the adhesion between the picture layer 2 and the backing sheet 5 is poor, the adhesive layer 4 can be provided. The material of the adhesive layer 4 is an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a polypropylene resin, a polyethylene resin, a polystyrene resin, a polycarbonate resin, a vinylon resin, an acetate resin, or a polyamide resin. Resin can be used, and a suitable material is appropriately selected according to the melt-fixing property with the backing sheet 5 to be laminated.
[0023]
The thickness of the adhesive layer 4 is preferably 0.5 μm to 10 μm. If the film thickness is less than 0.5 μm, there is a problem that sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained, and if it is more than 10 μm, there is a problem that it is difficult to dry after printing.
A functional layer 3 may be provided between the adhesive layer 4 and the picture layer 2 or between the picture layer 2 and the base sheet 1. The reason why the functional layer 3 is provided is to enhance the adhesion between the layers and to improve various physical properties such as water resistance and weather resistance. The material of the functional layer 3 is an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a polypropylene resin, a polyethylene resin, a polystyrene resin, a polycarbonate resin, a vinylon resin, an acetate resin, and a polyamide resin. A resin or the like is used, and a preferable material is appropriately selected according to various required physical properties and materials of the layers before and after.
[0025]
The thickness of the functional layer 3 is preferably 0.5 μm to 10 μm. If the thickness is less than 0.5 μm, there is a problem that sufficient physical properties cannot be obtained. If the thickness is more than 10 μm, there is a problem that it is difficult to dry after printing.
[0026]
In addition, you may form a protective layer on the surface of a decorative sheet as needed. As the material of the protective layer, it is preferable to use a curable resin such as an uncured or semi-cured thermosetting resin, an ionizing radiation-curable resin, or a thermoplastic resin. The thickness of the protective layer may be appropriately determined according to the required performance, and is usually about 1 to 100 μm.
[0027]
As the SMC or BMC resin, thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, diallyl phthalate resin, thermosetting acrylic resin, melamine resin, guanamine resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, and two-component curing polyurethane resin Resins.
[0028]
These thermosetting resins are in an uncured state in which a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, a curing accelerator, a coloring agent, and the like are added to a monomer or a prepolymer (including an oligomer). When an uncured thermosetting resin is added with a fibrous reinforcing material and other various additives such as a filler and a release agent as necessary, the resin becomes a form of SMC or BMC.
[0029]
Examples of the fibrous reinforcing material include woven fabric and nonwoven fabric of carbon fiber, asbestos, potassium titanate, etc., in addition to short fiber of glass fiber.
[0030]
Examples of the filler include calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, and aluminum hydroxide. Release agents include zinc stearate and the like.
[0031]
Next, the first press forming method of FIG. 2 and the second press forming method of FIG. 3 will be described.
[0032]
In the first press molding method, first, the decorative sheet A with the backing sheet 5 surface facing upward is placed on the lower mold 6, the four sides of the decorative sheet A are clamped, and the lower mold 6 is Seal and airtight. Next, when the decorative sheet A has been preheated and softened by another heat source or the heat of the lower mold 6, the air in the lower mold 6 is extracted from the suction holes formed in the lower mold 6 (vacuum forming) or the backing sheet is formed. The decorative sheet A is drawn and formed into the shape of the lower mold 6 by blowing compressed air (pressure forming) from the surface 5. At this time, the upper mold 5 can be lowered to a position close to the decorative sheet A, and the decorative sheet A can be preheated by using the heat of the upper mold 5. After that, SMC or BMC8 is placed on the decorative sheet A drawn and formed, and press-formed. At this time, instead of fixing the decorative sheet A with a clamp, a sheet cut in a necessary size in advance can be directly placed on the decorative surface of the lower die 6.
[0033]
In the second press molding method, first, SMC or BMC 8 is placed on the lower mold 6, and the decorative sheet A is placed on the SMC or BMC 8 with the base sheet 1 face up, and press molded. In this case, it is desirable that the upper mold 5 is temporarily stopped at a position close to the decorative sheet A, and after the decorative sheet A is preheated, mold clamping is performed. Thereby, the decorative sheet A is softened, and easily follows the shape of the mold.
[0034]
In the case where the molded article has little unevenness and is almost flat, both the first press molding method and the second press molding method are effective, but from the viewpoint of productivity, the second press molding method is more effective. preferable. On the other hand, in the case where the shape of the molded product is extremely uneven and the drawing is extremely deep, the first press molding method is effective because it is necessary to preform the base sheet into the product shape.
[0035]
When the first press molding method is performed only by the heat of the mold temperature, the Vicat softening temperature of the backing sheet 5 and the decorative sheet needs to be equal to or lower than the mold temperature.
[0036]
Examples of the press that can be used in the present invention include a hydraulic press, an air press, a C-type press, and a straight side press.
[0037]
【Example】
(Example 1) A functional layer 3 made of a polyurethane resin having a thickness of 2 μm, a picture layer 2 made of a polyurethane resin having a thickness of 8 μm, and a base layer 1 made of a polypropylene resin having a thickness of 0.1 mm. The adhesive layer 4 made of a polypropylene resin having a thickness of 5 μm was sequentially formed by screen printing. On the other hand, a white backing sheet 5 made of a polypropylene resin having a thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared. The Vicat softening temperature of this backing sheet was 60 ° C. Next, the backing sheet 5, the adhesive layer 4, the functional layer 3, the picture layer 2, and the base sheet 1 were stacked in this order, and a decorative sheet A was produced by a dry lamination method.
[0038]
Next, the upper die 7 and the lower die 6 of the pressing machine are set at 150 ° C., and the decorative sheet A is placed on the lower die 6 so that the base sheet 1 faces down. The sides were clamped, and the lower mold 6 was sealed with a decorative sheet A to make it airtight. Next, after heating the decorative sheet A with a plate-shaped heat source, the upper mold 7 was lowered to a position close to the decorative sheet A, and the decorative sheet A was preheated using the heat of the upper mold 7. . When the decorative sheet A was preheated and softened, the air in the lower die 6 was evacuated from the suction holes formed in the lower die 6, and the decorative sheet A was drawn into the shape of the lower die 6. Thereafter, SMC8 made of a prepolymer of an unsaturated polyester resin containing 35% by weight of glass fiber short fibers, kneaded with a small amount of isocyanate crosslinking agent and zinc stearate is placed on the drawn sheet A, and pressed. Molded. The obtained FRP molded product was a product having a very deep drawing shape not found in products of the prior art.
[0039]
(Example 2) On a base sheet 1 made of an acrylic resin having a thickness of 0.15 mm, a pattern layer 2 made of an acrylic resin having a thickness of 2 μm and an adhesive layer 4 made of a vinyl resin having a thickness of 5 μm were formed. Formed sequentially by screen printing. On the other hand, a white backing sheet 5 made of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-based resin having a thickness of 0.4 mm was prepared. The Vicat softening temperature of this backing sheet was 70 ° C. Next, the backing sheet 5, the adhesive layer 4, the picture layer 2, and the base sheet 1 were stacked in this order, and a decorative sheet A was produced by a heat lamination method.
[0040]
Next, the upper die 7 and the lower die 6 of the press were set at 150 ° C., and the lower die 6 contained 15% by weight of glass fiber short fibers, and contained calcium carbonate, an isocyanate crosslinking agent, and zinc stearate. BMC8 made of a prepolymer of unsaturated polyester resin kneaded in a small amount was placed, and the decorative sheet A was placed thereon with the base sheet 1 face up, and press-formed. The obtained FRP molded product was a product with a deep drawn shape, and the productivity was significantly improved as compared with the conventional one.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
The decorative sheet of the present invention comprises at least a base sheet which is a non-stretched thermoplastic sheet and a backing sheet which is a thermoplastic resin having a Vicat softening temperature of 40 to 180 ° C. Therefore, the decorative sheet and the SMC or BMC serving as a reinforcing material are placed in a press-molding die in a state of flexibility and stretchability, and are deeply bonded and integrated by hot pressure during press-forming. There is an effect that a decorative FRP molded product having a drawn shape can be manufactured.
[0042]
Further, according to the first press forming method of the present invention, since the object to be drawn is only a decorative sheet which can easily follow the three-dimensional shape, a very deep drawn FRP which could not be produced by the prior art was obtained. There is an effect that can be applied to molded articles.
[0043]
Further, according to the second press molding method of the present invention, since three-dimensional processing can be performed simultaneously with press molding, there is an effect that an FRP molded product can be obtained in only one step.
[0044]
In both the first press molding method and the second press molding method, since the base sheet 1 is a non-stretched thermoplastic plastic which is amorphous, it temporarily softens at the mold temperature at the time of pressing, and the gloss of the mold surface is increased. There is an effect that the feeling and emboss can be reflected on the surface of the base sheet 1.
[0045]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of a decorative sheet according to claim 1;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of a first press molding method according to claim 3;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a second press molding method according to claim 4;
[Explanation of symbols]
A Decorative sheet 1 Base sheet 2 Picture layer 3 Functional layer 4 Adhesive layer 5 Backing sheet 6 Lower mold 7 Upper mold 8 SMC or BMC

Claims (4)

プレス成形金型内に、加飾シートと、SMCまたはBMCとを載置し、プレス成形時の熱圧により接着一体化する加飾FRP成形品の製造方法に用いる加飾シートであって、少なくとも無延伸の熱可塑性プラスチックシートである基体シートと、ビカット軟化温度が40〜180℃の熱可塑性樹脂である裏打ちシートとからなる加飾シート。A decorative sheet for use in a method for manufacturing a decorative FRP molded product in which a decorative sheet and an SMC or a BMC are placed in a press-molding die and bonded and integrated by hot pressure at the time of press-forming. A decorative sheet comprising a base sheet, which is an unstretched thermoplastic sheet, and a backing sheet, which is a thermoplastic resin having a Vicat softening temperature of 40 to 180 ° C. 基体シートがアクリル系樹脂またはポリプロピレン系樹脂であり、裏打ちシートがアクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の加飾シート。The decorative sheet according to claim 1, wherein the base sheet is an acrylic resin or a polypropylene resin, and the backing sheet is any one of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, a polypropylene resin, and a polyethylene resin. プレス成形金型の下型に、請求項1または請求項2に記載の加飾シートを裏打ちシート面が上になるよう固定して絞り成形したのち、該裏打ちシート面上に、SMCまたはBMCを載せ、プレス成形を行なうことを特徴とする加飾FRP成形品の製造方法。After the decorative sheet according to claim 1 or 2 is fixed to the lower mold of the press-molding die so that the backing sheet surface is facing upward and drawn, then SMC or BMC is formed on the backing sheet surface. A method for producing a decorative FRP molded product, comprising placing and press-molding. プレス成形金型の下型に、SMCまたはBMCを置き、その上に請求項1または請求項2に記載の加飾シートを基体シート面を上にして載せ、プレス成形することを特徴とする加飾FRP成形品の製造方法。An SMC or BMC is placed on a lower die of a press molding die, and the decorative sheet according to claim 1 or 2 is placed thereon with the base sheet surface facing upward, and press-molded. A method for manufacturing a decorative FRP molded product.
JP2002260295A 2002-09-05 2002-09-05 Decorative sheet and manufacturing method for decorative frp molded product Withdrawn JP2004098343A (en)

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