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JP2004098070A - Helical gear and its manufacturing apparatus and method - Google Patents

Helical gear and its manufacturing apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004098070A
JP2004098070A JP2002259372A JP2002259372A JP2004098070A JP 2004098070 A JP2004098070 A JP 2004098070A JP 2002259372 A JP2002259372 A JP 2002259372A JP 2002259372 A JP2002259372 A JP 2002259372A JP 2004098070 A JP2004098070 A JP 2004098070A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
helical
gear
tooth
helical gear
metal material
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JP2002259372A
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JP4229427B2 (en
Inventor
Kozo Igaki
井垣 幸三
Norihito Kunitani
訓谷 法仁
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Sumikin Seiatsuhin Kogyo KK
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Sumikin Seiatsuhin Kogyo KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a helical gear that can be mass-produced without shortening the life of dies, metallic molds or the like and that has a high-precision tooth form in helical teeth, and also to provide an apparatus and a method for manufacturing such helical gear. <P>SOLUTION: The helical gear 1 is composed of a columnar shaft 2, a drawing part 4 having a tapered face 3 inclined in the direction drawing the outer diameter of the shaft 2, a gear part 5 extending in the axial direction of the shaft 2 from the drawing part 4, and helical teeth 6 formed on the gear part 5 in a plurality of lines with the tapered face 3 as the starting point a. The helix angle in the incomplete part 6a of the helical teeth 6 in the section corresponding to the tapered face 3 is set smaller than the helix angle of the tooth form part 6b in the section corresponding to the gear part 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、軸部をギヤ部に一体化した所謂軸付ヘリカルギア(はすば歯車)、その製造装置(ダイス,金型等)及び製造方法(押出し,鍛造等)に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
本発明に関わるヘリカルギアは、自動車、産業用機器一般に広く使用されている。特に今回対象となるヘリカルギアの一つは、自動車のステアリング(ラック・ピニオン機構)の部品として使用されるピニオンである。当該ヘリカルギアは全体として、円筒状を成すと共に外周面に対しつる巻形又は螺旋を描くように傾斜した歯、即ち、外周面の周りにつる巻状に湾曲して形成された歯(以下に「ヘリカル歯」と記す。)を備え、そのヘリカル歯の一端側にテーパ面を介して円筒状の軸部が形成された構造である。
【0003】
この種のヘリカルギアは、従来、切削加工によって製造されていたが、コスト低減の目的で、現在、その一部が冷間鍛造によって製造されている。その事例として、円筒状のダイスに素材を軸線方向に圧入することにより、ヘリカルギアを冷間鍛造することが周知である。
【0004】
このようにヘリカルギア110の押出し又は鍛造を行う場合、それによって象られるヘリカル歯100は軸線Cに対してつる巻状にねじれているため、図6に示すように、ヘリカル歯100の端面101と、ヘリカル歯100の両側の歯面102a,102bとのなす角度が、各ヘリカル歯100の一方の歯面102aと他方の歯面102bでは相違している。そのために、ヘリカルギア110の材料である金属素材の流動、即ち、押出又は鍛造に伴って塑性変形が次第に起こる際の金属の状態がヘリカル歯100の両側近傍で相違する。これが原因となってヘリカル歯100の両側の歯面102a,102bの形状が微妙に違えることになる。つまり、歯形の精度が悪くなるという問題が生じる。
【0005】
そこで、同図に示すように、ヘリカル歯100の端面101を扇形(三角形)に広げることが試みられている。詳しくは、端面101を、押出し成形時の金属素材がダイスに圧入される方向を向く傾斜面とした上で、この部分が扇形になるように肉盛りしている。或いは、図7に示すように、ヘリカル歯100が傾斜する方向と同じ方向に向かって広がる扇形の膨出部103を形成することが試みられている。
【0006】
このような形状のヘリカル歯100を象るためのダイス又は金型等は、金属素材に上記のような扇形の形状を転写できるように、ヘリカル歯100の端面101付近に対応する部分を扇形に彫り込んだ形状となっている。このため、金属素材を図中の上方から当該ダイス又は金型等へ圧入させる際に、金属素材は扇形の形状に沿って漸次絞られつつ、両側の歯面102a,102bの近傍において均一に塑性変形することになる。これは、歯面102a,102bの近傍における塑性変形の状態を均一にすることで、ヘリカル歯100の歯形の精度の向上を図る技術である。
【0007】
また、図7に示したヘリカルギア111は、金属素材を図中の上方から当該ヘリカルギア111を象るダイス又は金型等へ圧入させる際に、金属素材の一部が膨出部103に沿って円滑に流入する作用を奏するので、これによって金属素材の流動するような塑性変形が促進される。また同様に、金属素材に対する急激な捩りが加わることが抑制される。これは、製造後の残留応力による歯形誤差の生じ難いヘリカルギアを製造する技術である(下記文献を参照)。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−308729号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−10274号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2000−39056号公報
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、ヘリカル歯100の端面101での金属素材の流動するような塑性変形の方向は、ヘリカル歯100のねじれた方向に沿って促進されるので、この反力は金属素材をその周方向へ回転させる力となる。このため、金属素材を回転しないように拘束しつつ、金属素材を上記のダイス又は金型等へに圧入する必要がある。
【0010】
以上に説明した従来技術では、ヘリカル歯100の端面101の近傍における金属素材の塑性変形が促進される一方で、金属素材を回転させようとする反力に起因する残留応力が蓄積されるために、製造後のヘリカルギア110に捩り変形が生じる。このような捩り変形は、ヘリカルギア110の全体で均一に生じるわけではなく、そのためヘリカル歯100の歯形に狂いが生じ、結局、製品としてのヘリカルギア110の精度が低いものとなる。
【0011】
また、ヘリカルギア110,111を製造するに際して、ヘリカル歯100を象るダイスの形状を金属素材に完全に転写させるのは技術的に難しい。即ち、ダイスにおけるヘリカル歯100の歯元に対応する部分は、比較的広い空間であるため、金属素材が塑性変形しつつ容易に入り込める。しかし、ダイスにおけるヘリカル歯100の歯先に対応する部分は、比較的細い空間であるため金属素材が塑性変形しつつ容易に入り込めないので、ヘリカル歯100の歯先部は欠肉気味になり易い。
【0012】
これは、金属素材がヘリカル歯100の歯先の狭い空間へ向かって流動するように塑性変形するよりも、軸線C方向に沿って(図中の下方へ向かって)塑性変形する方がエネルギーが少なくて済むからである。その結果、ヘリカル歯100の歯形の精度の向上を図ることが妨げられる。
【0013】
このような金属加工の特性に鑑みて、上記のダイス又は金型等に金属素材を圧入させる圧力を増大させるべく加工の諸条件を設定すると、上記のダイス又は金型等に大きな負担を与えることになる。更に、既述の通り、ダイス又は金型等におけるヘリカル歯100の端面101付近に対応する部分は、扇形に彫り込んだ幅広の形状であるため、隣り合うヘリカル歯100同士の間に対応する部分のダイス又は金型等の肉厚が薄く(エッジ状に)なることは避けられない。このために、上記のダイス又は金型等の機械的強度が低下する。以上の理由により、上記のダイス又は金型等の寿命が短くなる恐れがある。
【0014】
そこで、本発明は上記問題点を解決し、ダイス又は金型等の寿命を縮めることなく量産することができ、しかも、ヘリカル歯の歯形精度の高いヘリカルギアを提供することを目的とする。更には、そのようなヘリカルギアを製造するための製造装置及び製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載のヘリカルギアは、円柱状の軸部と、該軸部の外径を絞る方向に傾斜したテーパ面を有する絞り加工部と、該絞り加工部から前記軸部の軸方向へ延長したギヤ部と、該ギヤ部に前記テーパ面を起点として複数条形成されたヘリカル歯とを備えるヘリカルギアにおいて、前記テーパ面に対応する区間における前記ヘリカル歯の不完全部のねじれ角を、前記ギヤ部に対応する区間における歯形部のねじれ角より小さく設定したことを特徴とするものである。
【0016】
また、請求項2に記載のヘリカルギアは、更に高精度化を目的に、前記ヘリカル歯の不完全部の歯先円の直径を、前記歯形部の歯先円の直径より大きく設定したものである。
【0017】
更に、前記ヘリカル歯の不完全部の歯先円の直径が、前記歯形部へ向かって漸次縮小するようにしても良い。
【0018】
また、本発明に係るヘリカルギアの製造装置は、ダイスの内部に、上記の絞り加工部、ヘリカル歯型の不完全部及び歯形部を金属素材へ転写する型を形成したことを特徴とするものである。
【0019】
また、本発明に係るヘリカルギアの製造は、上記のヘリカルギアの製造装置によるヘリカルギアの製造方法であって、前記金属素材を前記ダイスに圧入して塑性変形させることにより、前記金属素材に前記絞り加工部及びギヤ部の形状を転写することを特徴とするものである。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る実施の形態を以下に説明する。先ず、図1は本発明に係る軸付ヘリカルギアを側面視した一例である。当該ヘリカルギア1は、円柱状の軸部2と、軸部2の外径を絞る方向に傾斜したテーパ面3を有する絞り加工部4と、絞り加工部4から軸部2の軸方向へ延長したギヤ部5と、ギヤ部5にテーパ面3を起点aとして複数条形成されたヘリカル歯6とを備える。
【0021】
ヘリカルギア1は、図2に示すように、略円柱状の金属素材7を製造装置8を用いて押出成形して得られる一体物である。ヘリカルギア1の全体形状は、概ね円筒状の軸部2に続いてテーパ部3があり、そのテーパ部3の途中から複数条のヘリカル歯6が形成されたものである。複数条のヘリカル歯6は、それぞれの歯すじが軸方向に対し、図1の右上から左下へ向けて傾いており、互いに等間隔で形成されている。個々のヘリカル歯6の歯厚は、通常のギアと同様に、歯すじの全長のわたって同一である。製造装置8については後述する。
【0022】
図3にヘリカルギア1の要部を詳しく表している。同図(a)はヘリカルギア1を断面視した概略図であり、同図(b)はヘリカルギア1を側面視したヘリカル歯6の展開図である。ヘリカル歯6の特徴とするところは、テーパ面3に対応する区間におけるヘリカル歯6の不完全部6aのねじれ角を、ギヤ部5に対応する区間における歯形部6bのねじれ角より小さく設定したことにある。
【0023】
上記のテーパ面3に対応する区間とは、テーパ面3とヘリカル歯6の歯先部が交わる部分である起点aから、テーパ面3とギア部5との境界bまでの範囲である。この範囲におけるヘリカル歯6の歯丈は、ヘリカル歯6の歯先部からテーパ面3までの寸法によって限られるので、ヘリカル歯6の形状は、歯車としての用をなさない不完全なものである。これがヘリカル歯6の不完全部6aである。
【0024】
上記のギヤ部5に対応する区間とは、テーパ面3とギア部5との境界bからギア部5の先端5aまでの範囲である。この範囲におけるヘリカル歯6が、歯形部6bであり、ヘリカルギア1が歯車としての役割を有効に果たす部分である。
【0025】
ねじれ角とは、図3に示すように、ヘリカル歯6の中心線であるつる巻線cとヘリカルギア1の軸線c0(図中で鉛直線)との交差する角度である。一般式として、つる巻線cのリードをL、つる巻線cの旋回する半径をrとしたとき、ねじれ角γは、tanγ=L/2πrとなる。つまり、ねじれ角を小さく設定することは、不完全部6aにおけるつる巻線cと軸線c0との交差する角度を小さく(より鋭角に)することである。
【0026】
これは、同図において明らかなように、不完全部6aのつる巻線cは、歯形部6bのつる巻線cと比較して、鉛直に近い方向又は鉛直方向へ向かって立ち上がっている。具体的に、不完全部6aのねじれ角は歯形部6bのねじれ角よりも20゜以下の範囲で小さく、より好ましくは、10゜以下の範囲で小さく設定されている。
【0027】
このように、ねじれ角を小さく設定する範囲は、図4(a)に示すように、起点aから境界bまでの全域としても良いが、同図(b)に示すように、起点aから境界bまでの途中の任意の箇所a1までの範囲のみで、ねじれ角を小さく設定しても良い。或いは、境界bからa1までの範囲に加え、a1から境界bまでの更に途中の任意の箇所a2までの範囲で、それぞれ異なるねじれ角を設定しても良い。
【0028】
以上に述べたねじれ角の設定に加えて、図5に示すように、ヘリカル歯6の不完全部6aの歯先円の直径D1を、歯形部6bの歯先円d1の直径より大きく設定しても良い。図5(a)はヘリカルギア1の要部を側面視した概略図であり、このA−A断面及びB−B断面を、同図(b)及び(c)にそれぞれ表している。具体的に、D1/d1=1.0〜1.1の比率となる範囲で設定し、より好ましくは、1.05〜1.1の範囲で設定する。
【0029】
この場合、ヘリカル歯6の不完全部6aの歯先円の直径D1は、歯形部6bへ向かって漸次縮小することが好ましい。これは、同図(a)において明らかなように、テーパ面3に対応する区間において、不完全部6aの歯先の輪郭がテーパ状に傾斜することが好ましい。この傾斜角度は、ヘリカルギア1の軸線c0に対して30゜以下の範囲に設定することが好ましい。
【0030】
次に、上記の製造装置8について図2に基づき説明する。当該製造装置8は、ダイス9の内周面に、金属素材7の外径を絞る方向に傾斜したテーパ面30と、テーパ面30からこの途中の起点a0として矢印yで指した方向(金属素材7をダイス9に圧入する方向)へ延びる複数条のヘリカル歯型60とを形成したものである。
【0031】
同図において、ヘリカル歯型60の不完全部60a及び歯形部60bの詳細な形状は省略している。これらは、図1に例示のヘリカルギア1の輪郭を象る型である。またダイス9のテーパ面30は図1に例示のテーパ面3を象る部分である。つまり、ヘリカル歯型60は、テーパ面30に対応する区間におけるヘリカル歯型60の不完全部60aのねじれ角を、図1に例示のギヤ部5に対応する区間における歯形部60bのねじれ角より小さく設定している。この点が、製造装置8の特徴であり、ダイス9の内周面の形状は、ヘリカルギア1に対して凹凸を反転した形状に他ならない。
【0032】
ダイス9は、コンテナ10の一端(図中の下端)に取り付けられている。コンテナ10の内部に挿入された金属素材7が、ラム11により矢印yで指したようにダイス9に向けて押圧されると、金属素材7は、ダイス9の内面形状に従って塑性変形し、その外径がテーパ面30によって絞られる。これと同時に、ヘリカル歯型60によってヘリカル歯6が転写される。詳しくは、金属素材7のテーパ面30に対応する部分に、図3に例示の不完全部6aの形状が転写されると共に、金属素材7のギヤ部5に対応する部分に、図3に例示の歯形部6bの形状が転写される。
【0033】
更に、既述のように、図5に例示の不完全部6aの歯先円の直径D1を歯形部6bの歯先円d1の直径より大きく設定する場合には、ダイス9に係る直接の図示は上記同様に省略するが、ヘリカル歯型60の不完全部60aの歯先円の直径を、歯形部60bの歯先円の直径より大きく設定する。この場合、ヘリカル歯型60の不完全部60aの歯先円の直径が、歯形部60bへ向かって漸次縮小するような型形状を適用することが好ましい。
【0034】
以上に述べた製造装置8によれば、ダイス9に、ラム11によって金属素材7を徐々に圧入すると、この過程で、不完全部60aのねじれ角を歯形部60bのねじれ角より小さく設定しているので、不完全部60aに塑性変形して入り込む金属素材7の流動するような塑性変形の方向は、歯形部60bに塑性変形して入り込む過程に比較して、ヘリカルギア1の軸線c0に沿った方向又はその向きにに近づくことになる。
【0035】
従って、従来の技術では金属素材7をその周方向へ回転させる力となっていた塑性変形の反力は、ねじれ角を小さく設定した分、軸線c0に沿った方向の反力として置き換えられる。このため、ヘリカルギア1を製造するに際して金属素材7を回転しないように拘束する力を大幅に低減できるので、金属素材7を回転させようとする反力に起因する残留応力がヘリカルギア1に蓄積されることが殆どなく、製造後のヘリカルギア1に捩り変形が生じることもない。
【0036】
また、従来の技術では、ヘリカル歯6の形状を金属素材7に転写させる過程で、ダイス9におけるヘリカル歯6の歯先に対応する部分(ヘリカル歯型60の歯先の部分)は、その歯元に比べると細い空間であるために金属素材7が塑性変形しつつ入り込むことが困難であるとされていた。このような問題は、上記のようなヘリカル歯型6を適用する事により解消される。
【0037】
即ち、金属素材7をその周方向へ回転させる力を軽減すれば、金属素材7の不完全部60aの近傍での塑性変形が軸線c0に沿った円滑なものとなるので、ラム11によって金属素材7に過大な圧力を加えなくても、ダイス9におけるヘリカル歯6の歯先に対応する部分に、金属素材7を隙間無く確実に充填できる。従って、ヘリカル歯6の歯先部は欠肉気味になる事が無く、高精度なヘリカル歯6を形成することができる。
【0038】
また、不完全部60aの歯先円の直径を、歯形部60bの歯先円の直径より大きく設定すれば、ヘリカル歯型60の幅寸法(ヘリカル歯6の歯厚に相当)を広げることなく、不完全部60aの断面積を増大できる。従って、不完全部60aの断面積を増大することで、上記のような金属素材7の軸線c0に沿った円滑な塑性変形を促しつつも、隣り合うヘリカル歯型60同士の間を狭めなくて済む。このため、隣り合うヘリカル歯6同士の間に対応する部分のダイス9の肉厚を薄くする必要がないので、ダイス9の機械的強度を十分に確保し、ダイス9の寿命を長く保つことができる。
【0039】
更に、ヘリカル歯型60の不完全部60aの歯先円の直径が、歯形部60bへ向かって漸次縮小するような型形状を適用すれば、金属素材7の軸線c0に沿った円滑な塑性変形を促すという効果は一層に顕著になる。
【0040】
尚、本発明はその趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で当業者の知識に基づき種々なる改良,修正,変形を加えた態様で実施できるものである。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明に係るヘリカルギアによれば、これを押出し成形(製造)する場合に、成形型であるダイスの寿命を損なうことなく、高精度のヘリカルギアを成形することができる。即ち、金属素材の円滑な塑性変形を促す事により整形後の残留応力を軽減すると共に、このような製造に使用するダイスの機械的強度を確保し、当該ダイスに設けたヘリカル歯型の破損を防止できるからである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態に係るヘリカルギアの側面図。
【図2】本発明の実施の形態に係るヘリカルギアの製造装置の断面図。
【図3】本発明の実施の形態に係るヘリカルギアの要部を側面視した概略図及びその展開図。
【図4】本発明の実施の形態に係るヘリカルギアの要部の変形例の展開図。
【図5】本発明の実施の形態に係るヘリカルギアの変形例の要部を側面視した概略図及びその断面図。
【図6】従来例の一のヘリカルギアの側面図。
【図7】従来例の他のヘリカルギアの側面図。
【符号の説明】
1:ヘリカルギア
2:軸部
3:テーパ面
4:絞り加工部
5:ギヤ部
6:ヘリカル歯
6a:不完全部
6b:歯形部
7:金属素材
8:製造装置
9:ダイス
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a so-called helical gear with a shaft (helical gear) in which a shaft portion is integrated with a gear portion, a manufacturing apparatus (die, die, etc.) and a manufacturing method (extrusion, forging, etc.).
[0002]
[Prior art]
The helical gear according to the present invention is widely used in automobiles and industrial equipment in general. In particular, one of the helical gears targeted this time is a pinion used as a component of an automobile steering (rack and pinion mechanism). The helical gear as a whole has a cylindrical shape and teeth inclined to draw a helical shape or a spiral with respect to the outer peripheral surface, that is, teeth formed in a helical curve around the outer peripheral surface (hereinafter, teeth). This is a structure in which a cylindrical shaft portion is formed at one end of the helical tooth via a tapered surface.
[0003]
This type of helical gear has conventionally been manufactured by cutting, but for the purpose of cost reduction, a part thereof is currently manufactured by cold forging. As an example, it is well known that a helical gear is cold forged by axially pressing a material into a cylindrical die.
[0004]
When the helical gear 110 is extruded or forged in this manner, the helical tooth 100 formed thereby is twisted in a helical shape with respect to the axis C, and as shown in FIG. The angle formed between the tooth surfaces 102a and 102b on both sides of the helical tooth 100 is different between the one tooth surface 102a and the other tooth surface 102b of each helical tooth 100. For this reason, the flow of the metal material as the material of the helical gear 110, that is, the state of the metal when plastic deformation gradually occurs with extrusion or forging, is different near both sides of the helical tooth 100. Due to this, the shapes of the tooth surfaces 102a and 102b on both sides of the helical tooth 100 are slightly different. That is, there is a problem that accuracy of the tooth profile is deteriorated.
[0005]
Therefore, as shown in the figure, an attempt has been made to expand the end face 101 of the helical tooth 100 into a fan shape (triangle). More specifically, the end face 101 is formed as an inclined surface facing the direction in which the metal material at the time of extrusion molding is pressed into the die, and the portion is padded so as to form a sector. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, an attempt has been made to form a fan-shaped bulge 103 spreading in the same direction as the direction in which the helical teeth 100 are inclined.
[0006]
A die or a mold for forming the helical tooth 100 having such a shape has a fan-shaped portion corresponding to the vicinity of the end face 101 of the helical tooth 100 so that the above-described sector shape can be transferred to a metal material. It has a carved shape. Therefore, when the metal material is pressed into the die or the mold or the like from above in the figure, the metal material is gradually narrowed along the fan shape, and is uniformly plasticized near the tooth surfaces 102a and 102b on both sides. It will be deformed. This is a technique for improving the accuracy of the tooth profile of the helical tooth 100 by making the state of plastic deformation near the tooth surfaces 102a and 102b uniform.
[0007]
The helical gear 111 shown in FIG. 7 is configured such that when the metal material is pressed into a die or a mold representing the helical gear 111 from above in the figure, a part of the metal material follows the bulging portion 103. As a result, a smooth plastic flowing deformation of the metal material is promoted. Similarly, the addition of a sharp twist to the metal material is suppressed. This is a technique for manufacturing a helical gear in which a tooth profile error due to residual stress after manufacturing is unlikely to occur (see the following document).
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-308729 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-11-10274 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2000-39056 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the direction of the plastic deformation of the metal material at the end face 101 of the helical tooth 100 such that the metal material flows is promoted along the twisting direction of the helical tooth 100, this reaction force rotates the metal material in the circumferential direction. It is the power to make it. For this reason, it is necessary to press-fit the metal material into the above-mentioned die or mold while restraining the metal material from rotating.
[0010]
In the prior art described above, while plastic deformation of the metal material in the vicinity of the end face 101 of the helical tooth 100 is promoted, residual stress due to a reaction force for rotating the metal material is accumulated. Then, torsion deformation occurs in the helical gear 110 after manufacturing. Such torsional deformation does not occur uniformly in the entire helical gear 110, so that the tooth profile of the helical teeth 100 is out of order, and as a result, the accuracy of the helical gear 110 as a product is low.
[0011]
Further, when manufacturing the helical gears 110 and 111, it is technically difficult to completely transfer the shape of the dice representing the helical teeth 100 to a metal material. That is, since the portion of the die corresponding to the root of the helical tooth 100 is a relatively large space, the metal material can easily enter while being plastically deformed. However, the portion of the die corresponding to the tip of the helical tooth 100 is a relatively narrow space, so that the metal material cannot easily enter while being plastically deformed, so the tip of the helical tooth 100 tends to be underfilled. easy.
[0012]
This is because energy is more plastically deformed along the direction of the axis C (downward in the figure) than plastically deformed so that the metal material flows toward the narrow space at the tip of the helical tooth 100. This is because less is needed. As a result, it is difficult to improve the accuracy of the helical teeth 100.
[0013]
In view of such characteristics of metal processing, setting various processing conditions to increase the pressure for press-fitting the metal material into the above-described die or mold causes a large burden on the above-described die or mold. become. Further, as described above, the portion corresponding to the vicinity of the end face 101 of the helical tooth 100 in the die or the mold has a wide shape engraved in a fan shape. It is inevitable that the thickness of the die or the mold becomes thin (in the form of an edge). For this reason, the mechanical strength of the above-mentioned die or die decreases. For the above reasons, there is a possibility that the life of the above-mentioned die or mold may be shortened.
[0014]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems and to provide a helical gear that can be mass-produced without shortening the life of a die or a mold and has a high helical tooth profile accuracy. Still another object is to provide a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method for manufacturing such a helical gear.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the helical gear according to claim 1, wherein the drawing portion has a cylindrical shaft portion, a tapered surface inclined in a direction to reduce the outer diameter of the shaft portion, and the drawing portion. And a helical gear including a gear portion extending in the axial direction of the shaft portion, and a plurality of helical teeth formed from the tapered surface as a starting point, in the gear portion, the helical teeth in a section corresponding to the tapered surface. The torsion angle of the incomplete portion is set smaller than the torsion angle of the tooth profile portion in the section corresponding to the gear portion.
[0016]
Further, in the helical gear according to claim 2, the diameter of the addendum circle of the incomplete portion of the helical tooth is set to be larger than the diameter of the addendum circle of the tooth profile portion for the purpose of further improving the accuracy. is there.
[0017]
Furthermore, the diameter of the tip circle of the incomplete portion of the helical tooth may be gradually reduced toward the tooth profile.
[0018]
Further, the helical gear manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that a die for transferring the above-mentioned drawn portion, the incomplete portion of the helical tooth form and the tooth shape portion to a metal material is formed inside the die. It is.
[0019]
Further, the manufacturing of the helical gear according to the present invention is a method of manufacturing a helical gear by the above-described helical gear manufacturing apparatus, wherein the metal material is pressed into the die and plastically deformed, so that the metal material is deformed. The shape of the drawn portion and the gear portion are transferred.
[0020]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment according to the present invention will be described below. First, FIG. 1 is an example of a side view of a shaft-mounted helical gear according to the present invention. The helical gear 1 has a cylindrical shaft portion 2, a drawing portion 4 having a tapered surface 3 inclined in a direction to reduce the outer diameter of the shaft portion 2, and extends from the drawing portion 4 in the axial direction of the shaft portion 2. Gear portion 5 and a plurality of helical teeth 6 starting from the tapered surface 3 of the gear portion 5.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the helical gear 1 is an integral body obtained by extruding a substantially cylindrical metal material 7 using a manufacturing apparatus 8. The overall shape of the helical gear 1 is such that a tapered portion 3 follows a substantially cylindrical shaft portion 2, and a plurality of helical teeth 6 are formed in the middle of the tapered portion 3. The plurality of helical teeth 6 have their respective tooth traces inclined from the upper right to the lower left in FIG. 1 with respect to the axial direction, and are formed at equal intervals. The tooth thickness of each helical tooth 6 is the same over the entire length of the tooth trace as in a normal gear. The manufacturing device 8 will be described later.
[0022]
FIG. 3 shows a main part of the helical gear 1 in detail. FIG. 1A is a schematic view of the helical gear 1 in a sectional view, and FIG. 1B is a development view of the helical teeth 6 in a side view of the helical gear 1. A feature of the helical tooth 6 is that the torsion angle of the incomplete portion 6a of the helical tooth 6 in the section corresponding to the tapered surface 3 is set smaller than the torsion angle of the tooth profile 6b in the section corresponding to the gear portion 5. It is in.
[0023]
The section corresponding to the tapered surface 3 is a range from the starting point a where the tapered surface 3 and the tip of the helical tooth 6 intersect to the boundary b between the tapered surface 3 and the gear portion 5. Since the length of the helical tooth 6 in this range is limited by the dimension from the tip of the helical tooth 6 to the tapered surface 3, the shape of the helical tooth 6 is incomplete and does not serve as a gear. . This is the incomplete portion 6a of the helical tooth 6.
[0024]
The section corresponding to the gear section 5 is a range from the boundary b between the tapered surface 3 and the gear section 5 to the tip 5a of the gear section 5. The helical teeth 6 in this range are the tooth-shaped portions 6b, and are portions where the helical gear 1 effectively plays a role as a gear.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 3, the torsion angle is the angle at which the helical winding c, which is the center line of the helical tooth 6, intersects with the axis c0 (vertical line in the figure) of the helical gear 1. As a general formula, when the lead of the vine winding c is L and the turning radius of the vine winding c is r, the torsion angle γ is tan γ = L / 2πr. In other words, setting the torsion angle to be small means making the angle at which the vine winding c and the axis c0 intersect in the incomplete portion 6a smaller (more acutely).
[0026]
This is because, as is evident in the figure, the vine winding c of the incomplete portion 6a rises in a direction close to the vertical direction or the vertical direction as compared with the vine winding c of the tooth profile portion 6b. Specifically, the torsion angle of the incomplete portion 6a is set smaller than the torsion angle of the tooth profile portion 6b in a range of 20 ° or less, more preferably, in a range of 10 ° or less.
[0027]
As described above, the range in which the torsion angle is set to be small may be the entire area from the starting point a to the boundary b as shown in FIG. 4A, but as shown in FIG. The torsion angle may be set small only in the range up to an arbitrary portion a1 on the way to b. Alternatively, in addition to the range from the boundary b to a1, a different torsion angle may be set in the range from the a1 to the arbitrary point a2 further on the way from the boundary b.
[0028]
In addition to the above-mentioned setting of the torsion angle, as shown in FIG. 5, the diameter D1 of the tip circle of the incomplete portion 6a of the helical tooth 6 is set to be larger than the diameter of the tip circle d1 of the tooth profile portion 6b. May be. FIG. 5A is a schematic view of a main part of the helical gear 1 as viewed from the side, and the AA section and the BB section are shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, respectively. Specifically, the ratio is set in a range where D1 / d1 = 1.0 to 1.1, and more preferably, it is set in a range of 1.05 to 1.1.
[0029]
In this case, it is preferable that the diameter D1 of the tip circle of the incomplete portion 6a of the helical tooth 6 gradually decreases toward the tooth profile 6b. It is preferable that the contour of the tip of the incomplete portion 6a be tapered in a section corresponding to the tapered surface 3 as is apparent from FIG. This inclination angle is preferably set within a range of 30 ° or less with respect to the axis c0 of the helical gear 1.
[0030]
Next, the manufacturing apparatus 8 will be described with reference to FIG. The manufacturing apparatus 8 includes, on the inner peripheral surface of the die 9, a tapered surface 30 inclined in a direction to reduce the outer diameter of the metal material 7, and a direction indicated by an arrow y from the tapered surface 30 as a starting point a0 in the middle (metal material). And a plurality of helical tooth forms 60 extending in the direction of press-fitting the die 7 into the die 9).
[0031]
In the figure, the detailed shapes of the incomplete portion 60a and the tooth profile 60b of the helical tooth form 60 are omitted. These are models that imitate the contour of the helical gear 1 illustrated in FIG. Further, the tapered surface 30 of the die 9 is a portion that is similar to the tapered surface 3 illustrated in FIG. That is, in the helical tooth form 60, the torsion angle of the incomplete portion 60a of the helical tooth form 60 in the section corresponding to the tapered surface 30 is set to be smaller than the torsion angle of the tooth profile part 60b in the section corresponding to the gear section 5 illustrated in FIG. It is set small. This is a feature of the manufacturing apparatus 8, and the shape of the inner peripheral surface of the die 9 is nothing but a shape obtained by inverting the unevenness with respect to the helical gear 1.
[0032]
The die 9 is attached to one end (the lower end in the figure) of the container 10. When the metal material 7 inserted into the container 10 is pressed toward the die 9 by the ram 11 as indicated by the arrow y, the metal material 7 is plastically deformed according to the inner surface shape of the die 9, The diameter is reduced by the tapered surface 30. At the same time, the helical tooth 6 is transferred by the helical tooth form 60. Specifically, the shape of the incomplete portion 6a illustrated in FIG. 3 is transferred to a portion corresponding to the tapered surface 30 of the metal material 7, and a portion corresponding to the gear portion 5 of the metal material 7 is illustrated in FIG. The shape of the tooth profile 6b is transferred.
[0033]
Further, as described above, when the diameter D1 of the addendum circle of the incomplete portion 6a illustrated in FIG. 5 is set to be larger than the diameter of the addendum circle d1 of the tooth profile portion 6b, the direct illustration relating to the die 9 is performed. Is omitted as above, but the diameter of the addendum circle of the incomplete portion 60a of the helical tooth form 60 is set to be larger than the diameter of the addendum circle of the tooth profile portion 60b. In this case, it is preferable to apply a mold shape in which the diameter of the addendum circle of the incomplete portion 60a of the helical tooth mold 60 gradually decreases toward the tooth profile 60b.
[0034]
According to the manufacturing apparatus 8 described above, when the metal material 7 is gradually pressed into the die 9 by the ram 11, the twist angle of the incomplete portion 60a is set smaller than the twist angle of the tooth profile portion 60b in this process. Therefore, the direction of the plastic deformation in which the metal material 7 flows into the incomplete portion 60a by plastic deformation is more along the axis c0 of the helical gear 1 than in the process of plastically deforming and entering the tooth profile portion 60b. Direction or approaching that direction.
[0035]
Therefore, the reaction force of the plastic deformation, which is the force for rotating the metal material 7 in the circumferential direction in the conventional technique, is replaced by the reaction force in the direction along the axis c0 by the smaller twist angle. For this reason, when manufacturing the helical gear 1, the force for restraining the metal material 7 from rotating can be greatly reduced, so that the residual stress due to the reaction force for rotating the metal material 7 accumulates in the helical gear 1. The helical gear 1 after the manufacturing is hardly deformed.
[0036]
Further, in the conventional technique, in the process of transferring the shape of the helical tooth 6 to the metal material 7, a portion corresponding to the tip of the helical tooth 6 in the die 9 (the tip of the helical tooth mold 60) is replaced by the tooth. It was said that it was difficult for the metal material 7 to enter while plastically deforming because the space was smaller than the original space. Such a problem is solved by applying the helical tooth form 6 as described above.
[0037]
That is, if the force for rotating the metal material 7 in the circumferential direction is reduced, the plastic deformation near the incomplete portion 60a of the metal material 7 becomes smooth along the axis c0. The metal material 7 can be reliably filled into the portion of the die 9 corresponding to the tip of the helical tooth 6 without any gap without applying excessive pressure to the die 7. Therefore, the tip of the helical teeth 6 does not become underfilled, and the helical teeth 6 can be formed with high precision.
[0038]
If the diameter of the addendum circle of the incomplete portion 60a is set to be larger than the diameter of the addendum circle of the tooth profile portion 60b, the width dimension of the helical tooth form 60 (corresponding to the tooth thickness of the helical teeth 6) is not increased. The cross-sectional area of the incomplete portion 60a can be increased. Therefore, by increasing the cross-sectional area of the incomplete portion 60a, while promoting smooth plastic deformation along the axis c0 of the metal material 7 as described above, it is not necessary to narrow the space between the adjacent helical tooth molds 60. I'm done. For this reason, it is not necessary to reduce the thickness of the die 9 corresponding to the portion between the adjacent helical teeth 6, so that the mechanical strength of the die 9 is sufficiently ensured and the life of the die 9 can be maintained long. it can.
[0039]
Furthermore, if a mold shape is adopted in which the diameter of the tip circle of the incomplete portion 60a of the helical tooth mold 60 gradually decreases toward the tooth profile 60b, smooth plastic deformation along the axis c0 of the metal material 7 is achieved. The effect of prompting is more remarkable.
[0040]
The present invention can be practiced in various modified, modified, and modified forms based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the helical gear according to the present invention, when extruding (manufacturing) the helical gear, a high-precision helical gear is formed without impairing the life of the die as a forming die. be able to. That is, by promoting the smooth plastic deformation of the metal material, the residual stress after shaping is reduced, and the mechanical strength of the die used for such manufacturing is secured, and the helical tooth form provided on the die is damaged. This is because it can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a helical gear according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a helical gear manufacturing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a main part of the helical gear according to the embodiment of the present invention, as viewed from the side, and a developed view thereof.
FIG. 4 is a development view of a modification of a main part of the helical gear according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a main part of a modification of the helical gear according to the embodiment of the present invention, and a cross-sectional view thereof.
FIG. 6 is a side view of one conventional helical gear.
FIG. 7 is a side view of another conventional helical gear.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Helical gear 2: Shaft 3: Tapered surface 4: Drawing portion 5: Gear 6: Helical teeth 6a: Incomplete portion 6b: Tooth profile 7: Metal material 8: Manufacturing device 9: Dies

Claims (5)

円柱状の軸部と、該軸部の外径を絞る方向に傾斜したテーパ面を有する絞り加工部と、該絞り加工部から前記軸部の軸方向へ延長したギヤ部と、該ギヤ部に前記テーパ面を起点として複数条形成されたヘリカル歯とを備えるヘリカルギアにおいて、
前記テーパ面に対応する区間における前記ヘリカル歯の不完全部のねじれ角を、前記ギヤ部に対応する区間における歯形部のねじれ角より小さく設定したことを特徴とするヘリカルギア。
A cylindrical shaft portion, a drawing portion having a tapered surface inclined in a direction to reduce the outer diameter of the shaft portion, a gear portion extending from the drawing portion in the axial direction of the shaft portion, and a gear portion. In a helical gear including a plurality of helical teeth formed from the tapered surface as a starting point,
A helical gear, wherein a torsion angle of an incomplete portion of the helical tooth in a section corresponding to the tapered surface is set smaller than a torsion angle of a tooth profile in a section corresponding to the gear portion.
前記ヘリカル歯の不完全部の歯先円の直径を、前記歯形部の歯先円の直径より大きく設定した請求項1に記載のヘリカルギア。The helical gear according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of an addendum circle of an incomplete portion of the helical tooth is set larger than a diameter of an addendum circle of the tooth profile portion. 前記ヘリカル歯の不完全部の歯先円の直径が、前記歯形部へ向かって漸次縮小する請求項1又は2に記載のヘリカルギア。The helical gear according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the tip circle of the incomplete portion of the helical tooth gradually decreases toward the tooth profile. ダイスの内部に、前記請求項1,2又は3に記載の絞り加工部、ヘリカル歯型の不完全部及び歯形部を金属素材へ転写する型を形成したことを特徴とするヘリカルギアの製造装置。4. A helical gear manufacturing apparatus, wherein a die for transferring the drawing portion, the incomplete portion of the helical tooth form, and the tooth shape portion to a metal material is formed inside a die. . 前記請求項4に記載のヘリカルギアの製造装置によるヘリカルギアの製造方法であって、前記金属素材を前記ダイスに圧入して塑性変形させることにより、前記金属素材に前記絞り加工部及びギヤ部の形状を転写することを特徴とするヘリカルギアの製造方法。A method for manufacturing a helical gear by the helical gear manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the metal material is press-fitted into the die and plastically deformed, thereby forming the drawn portion and the gear portion on the metal material. A method for manufacturing a helical gear, comprising transferring a shape.
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CN108436010A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-08-24 台州万特汽车零部件有限公司 Helical tooth cold forging machine

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CN101995437A (en) * 2010-09-27 2011-03-30 江苏大学 Method for extracting features of crack acoustic emission signal of drawing part
CN101995437B (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-06-20 江苏大学 Method for extracting features of crack acoustic emission signal of drawing part
JP2016097430A (en) * 2014-11-25 2016-05-30 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 Helical gear and helical gear manufacturing method
CN108436010A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-08-24 台州万特汽车零部件有限公司 Helical tooth cold forging machine
CN108436010B (en) * 2018-01-23 2019-12-10 台州万特汽车零部件有限公司 Cold forging machine for spiral teeth

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