JP2004097202A - Moss-fixing base - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To set up a moss-fixing base on a slant roof. <P>SOLUTION: The moss-fixing base 1 comprises a resin molded product having a spring structure equipped with a panel-like network structure 2 formed by fusing at spots where large numbers of continuous strands comprising a thermoplastic resin are meandering and three dimensionally and irregularly crossing, holding the moss 3 and a moss-curing material 4 in voids among the three dimensional network structure 2, compressing the three dimensional network structure 2 toward the face direction to reduce percentage of voids to enclose the moss 3 and the moss-curing material 4 held in the voids not to flow out by wind and rain and having strengths and moldability sufficiently used when applied to clay roofing tiles 10. Fixing devices 5, 6 which are iron bars are passed through the moss-fixing base 1 in the predetermined direction. The moss-fixing base 1 is fixed by passing the heated iron-made fixing devices 5, 6 through the three dimensional network structure 2. As the fixing device, fixtures such as a pin, an anchor, a wire, a bolt, a nut and the like or an adhesive are cited. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a moss-fixing base, and more particularly to a moss-fixing base applied to an inclined roof and growing moss.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the following patent documents are known as a greening base.
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-7-227142
A greening substrate comprising a moss plant gamete in which the moss plant gamete is fixed by a sewing portion including a nonwoven fabric provided on the substrate plane, for greening comprising providing a support or a support on the greening substrate A substrate, a method for producing the substrate for greening, a substrate for producing the substrate for greening in which the moss plant gametophyte is fixed by paper fibers, a method for producing the substrate for greening substrate production, the substrate for greening substrate production A method for producing the used greening substrate and a method for curing a member using the greening substrate are described.
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-227143
No need for a heating step or a chemical treatment step, instead of sewing already used as a means for fixing moss plants, establishment of fixing means capable of assisting sewing, and fixing of moss plants for greening using the fixing means An object of the present invention is to provide a fixed plant for greening, such as a greening substrate, comprising a moss plant gametophyte in which the moss plant gamete is fixed by paper fibers, and a method for producing the fixed product.
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-8-228620
For the purpose of providing a watering slope greening substrate, a watering slope greening method using the greening substrate, and a greening water slope using the greening substrate, the moss plant gamete is replaced by the moss plant gamete A water fixing slope greening method, characterized in that the fixing means for greening fixed by fixing means capable of maintaining a state in which it can grow is provided with a floating means capable of floating the whole of the fixed matter with respect to water. A substrate, a waterfront slope greening method using the substrate, and a waterfront slope covered with the substrate.
[Patent Document 4] JP-A-8-238023
An object of the present invention is to provide a greening base on which various kinds of greening plants can be grown, and impregnate a plant fiber material such as sawdust or peat moss or a mass of soil with an MC medium or other nutrients. The impregnated mass is fixed on the surface of the substrate to be greened in the form of a film with an adhesive. Before or after the fixation, aerial algae are attached to the mass to form a greening base. A spore or a section of moss and / or fern selected according to the surface of the substrate to be greened is grown on the mass of the greening substrate and grown to green the surface of the substrate.
[Patent Document 5] JP-A-11-75532
Aims to find a simpler and more efficient means than the conventional means for fixing moss plants used in a substrate for greening using moss plants, and to provide a greening material such as a substrate for greening using this means. By contacting a specific nonionic absorbent polymer such as an N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide polymer swollen with water with a plant of a bryophyte plant, the moss plant is placed in a closed system provided with a ventilation means having a desired shape. Curing at this time, each of the bryophyte plants in contact with the polymer becomes entangled, and the desired moss plants are entangled with each other in the desired shape, thereby providing a desired greening material.
[Patent Document 6] JP-A-2002-146991
The purpose is to provide an exterior wall exterior block of a residential building in which moss is selected as a measure against greening of the residential building, and form an exterior wall 3 by assembling a large number of blocks 1 so as to cover the exterior surface of the exterior wall 2 of the building. In the block for exterior wall exterior of a residential building to be used, the block 1 uses a porous structure block 1, and moss or a moss vegetation mat 6 is layered on an outer surface of the porous structure block 1 to form the exterior wall 3.
[Patent Document 7] JP-A-2002-369617
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a greening promoting base material such as moss and seed used for moldings for beautifying landscapes such as roads and parks and purifying the environment. 2) A first step (P1) of sowing, a second step (P2) of covering the upper surface of the unbaked unbaked block (1) with a cloth (3), and a covered unbaked block (1). And a third step (P3) of spraying water (4), and a greening base (X) comprising a greening base (5) in which the grown plants have taken root.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned prior art concept was made for the purpose of greening the exterior wall of a house, and was not found from the idea of using sloped roof tiles. In addition, greening remains as a difficult task due to restrictions such as the mounting structure of the gradient roof tile and the difficulty of maintenance.
[0004]
Therefore, the present inventor diligently studied the inconvenience of the conventional technology, and changed the idea of the conventional technology, and conceived to utilize a three-dimensional network structure, and applied moss to the three-dimensional network structure in advance. Doing this, or filling the voids of the three-dimensional network structure in advance with moss, compressing the three-dimensional network structure from the surface direction, forcibly reducing the porosity by external force, reducing the thickness, and reducing the three-dimensional network structure If the internal structure of the body is changed densely, the moss is reliably captured by the striatum of the three-dimensional net-like structure, and the moss fixing base can be installed on a sloped roof, preventing moss from flowing out The present invention has been made by paying attention to the fact that it can be performed.
[0005]
That is, the invention according to claim 1 includes a three-dimensional net-like structure in which a large number of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic resin are bent and twisted irregularly in three dimensions and fused at intersections thereof, The moss is fixed to the three-dimensional net-like structure, and the three-dimensional net-like structure is set to a shape and a size adapted to be fitted into the concave portion formed on the front side of the tile of the sloped roof, and the three-dimensional net-like structure is formed on the three-dimensional net-like structure. It is a moss fixing base characterized by having a fixing device for attaching a roof tile.
[0006]
According to the first aspect, when the moss fixing base is fixed to the tile and installed on the inclined roof, the moss grows due to rainwater or the like. Since the moss matches the characteristic structure in which the continuous filaments form random loops and the continuous filaments are in contact with each other, the moss can be wrapped in a net-like structure and grown greatly. Unlike other plants, moss grows by absorbing moisture and nutrients from the air without the common tissue called roots, so it does not require soil, is resistant to drying, and can grow on sloped roofs.
[0007]
The effects of the moss-fixed base of the present invention are as follows.
(1) The moss in the moss-fixing base is firmly held in the voids of a large number of continuous striatum, which are entangled with each other, constituting the three-dimensional network structure. Can be.
(2) Since moss has a water absorption function and a water retention function, the moss fixing base has an effect of suppressing evaporation of moisture from the tile and retaining moisture on the surface of the tile.
(3) After installation of the moss-fixed base on the sloping roof, there is no need for maintenance such as irrigation, fertilization, cutting, etc., so the management is extremely easy, there is no running cost, and the cost is extremely high. The sloping roof is a place that is dry, soilless, and easily heated, but the moss does not die even if it dries, and even if it is in a state of temporary death, it regenerates as soon as rainwater is supplied. In particular, S. moss and H. moss are very dry and can be used on sloping roofs where other plants are difficult to form a biolayer.
(4) By using the moss-fixed base on the sloping roof, the deterioration of the sloping roof etc. caused by the temperature difference due to ultraviolet rays or infrared rays is prevented, and the building temperature is prevented from rising. The energy saving effect of cooling by reducing the temperature rise and the energy saving effect of heating by keeping the heat in winter can be expected.
(5) Since it is a living growth building material using a moss fixing base and a tile that has been used for a long time, it is effective as an ecological product.
(6) Since the three-dimensional network structure is a thermoplastic resin having voids, moss that hardly needs soil is incorporated in the lightweight and strong three-dimensional network structure, and therefore, the overall structure is ultralight. For this reason, the burden on buildings and the like is significantly reduced, and the construction is easy, and the initial investment associated with greening can be significantly reduced as compared with other construction methods. Since the construction method only needs to fix the moss fixing base to the tile with a fixing tool, the construction can be performed at the same time at the time of tile roofing, tile replacement, and the like.
(7) When the moss-fixed base is discarded, it can be regenerated as industrial waste by a simple treatment, so that it is excellent in recyclability. It is an excellent biological growth base in which moss-cured materials such as soil, clay, sand, straw, waste paper, etc. are adjusted in a well-balanced manner and moss is fixed to tiles without using chemical synthetic materials.
(8) When the three-dimensional net-like structure is compressed, the moss is less scattered by wind, rain, etc., so that the product life is prolonged. In places with strong winds, it is possible to cope by applying strong compression.
(9) The use of moss-fixing bases on sloping roofs can spread to ordinary households, which is effective in global warming due to an increase in carbon dioxide, an increase in artificial waste heat, and a heat island in cities due to the loss of greenery. .
[0008]
By the way, it is preferable that the moss contains a snake moss and a moss. The effect of the mixture of the two species, Sagogoke and Hyogoke, is that the moss-fixing base is able to mix and immobilize these two representative mosses, which exhibit a distinctive ecosystem, at the beginning of the transition phase environment. it can. By mixing and fixing these two types, the biological growth base can be spread to ordinary households. Not only the moss, which is known to pioneer breeding in the inorganic environment (early phase of the first transition of dry and sandy primary) from many moss, but also the transition phase progresses The moss (Hymenoptera), which breeds in an organic environment including some seed root-based soil (grassland phase to positive forest stage in dry and sandy primary and secondary succession), was selected. This can lead to the development of other plant species. Further, the moss can be firmly fixed to the three-dimensional net-like structure and attached to the tile to complete a stable production / manufacturing system. As a result, there is an effect that the greening of the inclined roof surface, which has been considered difficult so far, can be constructed as a production system.
[0009]
There are various shapes of the “roof” here, but since it is a three-dimensional net-like structure made of a thermoplastic resin, it is easy to press-mold to fit the concave portion of the roof tile. However, it is preferable to press-mold at a low temperature at which the moss does not die, for example, in the range of 60 ° C to 80 ° C.
[0010]
The material of the "roof" is preferably ceramic, concrete, porcelain, ceramic or the like. The depth of the “concave surface” is preferably 5 to 50 mm.
[0011]
The “moss curing material” is preferably soil or nonwoven fabric (particularly, small pieces). In addition, it is preferable that at least one selected from the group consisting of plant fiber materials such as sand, straw waste, sawdust, bark, coconut palm, etc., volcanic ash materials such as shirasu balloon, non-woven fabric, waste paper and the like. It is preferable to mix moss (snagoke, higoke) with the mixture, sprinkle the mixture into a three-dimensional network structure, or the like, put the mixture into the structure, and press-form the surface in a plane direction. Moss alone may be used, but by mixing with moss curing material, water evaporation can be suppressed and water retention can be improved. Here, the shirasu balloon is a material in which fine powdered volcanic minerals (volcanic glass) are selected, dried, and heat-treated at a high temperature. is there. It is a material that hardly transmits solar heat to the roof and exhibits a heat shielding effect. Fertilizer may be mixed.
[0012]
The density distribution of the three-dimensional network structure may be uniform, or the density may be changed in a plurality of layers. For example, a material in which the upper layer is sparse and the lower layer is dense may be used.
[0013]
As a mode of fixing the three-dimensional net-like structure to the roof tile, various kinds of rods such as round bars and square bars of iron or stainless steel or plastic are made to penetrate the center portion thereof, and the plurality of bars are formed on the concave surface portion of the roof tile. It is preferable to fit into the hole or the groove of. For example, after a three-dimensional net-like structure is manufactured, it can be fixed by passing heated iron through it.
[0014]
In the moss-fixing base of the second aspect, it is preferable that the thickness of the three-dimensional network structure is 5 mm to 50 mm. This does not impose any burden on the tiles and does not impair the appearance. Furthermore, even if the moss on the upper part falls off, the moss on the lower part can grow on the upper surface, so that the product life is long.
[0015]
In the moss-fixing base of the third aspect, it is preferable that the three-dimensional net-like structure is press-formed by a press machine.
[0016]
In the moss-fixing base of the fourth aspect, the concave portion is preferably surrounded by a frame formed on a tile. Since rainwater accumulates in the frame and water is retained by the moss, there is an effect that water retention is high.
[0017]
In the moss-fixing base of the fifth aspect, it is preferable that the concave portion is surrounded by a three-sided frame formed on the tile except for the underwater side. Since water flows under the water, there is an effect that water permeability is good.
[0018]
The moss-fixing substrate according to claim 6, wherein the three-dimensional network structure is compressed in a plane direction to reduce a porosity, and the moss and the moss curing material filled in the space are held in the three-dimensional network structure. Is preferred.
By compressing in the plane direction, the thickness of the three-dimensional net-like structure is reduced, and a space-saving advantage is obtained. Since the three-dimensional network structure is compressed in the plane direction, the moss and the moss curing material are firmly held in the voids of the three-dimensional network structure, and even on a sloping roof, the action of gravity and the outflow of moss due to running water such as rainwater can be prevented. Can be suppressed. When compressing the three-dimensional network structure in the plane direction, some heat may be applied. It is preferable that the moss is compressed from both sides in the surface direction so that the moss does not go outside.
[0019]
In the moss-fixing substrate according to claim 7, the porosity of the three-dimensional network structure before compression is preferably 80% to 99%, and the porosity after compression is preferably 30% to 80%.
The moss-fixing substrate according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the three-dimensional network structure is 80% to 99%. The porosity is preferably from 85 to 97%, particularly preferably from 90 to 95%. Here, the three-dimensional net-like structure is intended to have at least a portion having the above porosity. For example, the case includes the case where the entire three-dimensional network structure is within the range of the porosity, and the case where a part of the three-dimensional network structure is within the range of the porosity.
[0020]
In the moss-fixing base of the eighth aspect, it is preferable that the wire diameter of the three-dimensional network structure is 0.5 mm to 3 mm. The wire diameter is particularly preferably from 0.7 mm to 2 mm.
[0021]
In the moss-fixing substrate according to claim 9, the three-dimensional network structure is made of a thermoplastic resin, and has a density of 0.2 to 0.3 g / cm.³The porosity is preferably 70 to 80%, and moss is preferably fixed to the three-dimensional network structure.
It is preferable to press the moss and, if necessary, the moss curing material into the three-dimensional net-like structure and press them against each other. When the moss is wetted with water, the moss is easily attached to the three-dimensional network structure. The moss may be tied and fixed with a thread. If the three-dimensional net-like structure is made sparse (has a high porosity), it becomes easy to adhere. The thickness is preferably from 5 mm to 50 mm.
[0022]
The moss-fixing base according to claim 10 includes a nonwoven fabric structure in which moss and moss-curing material are sealed in a nonwoven bag and compressed to fix the shape, and the nonwoven fabric structure is formed on the front side of the tile of the sloped roof. The shape and the size are set so as to be fitted to the concave portion to be formed, and the nonwoven fabric structure is provided with a fixing device to be attached to the roof tile. Moss and moss curing material are sealed in a non-woven fabric bag and compressed and hardened, so that moss leakage can be effectively prevented.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The moss-fixing substrate 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 has a panel-shaped porosity in which a large number of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic resin are bent and twisted irregularly three-dimensionally and fused at intersections. 80-99%, bulk density 0.18-0.01 g / cm³And a moss curing material 4 is held in a space of the three-dimensional net-like structure 2, and the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 is compressed in a plane direction. (See FIGS. 4 and 5), the porosity is 30 to 80%, and the bulk density is 0.63 to 0.18 g / cm.³The moss 3 and the moss curing material 4 held in the voids are sealed so as not to flow due to wind and rain, and have strength and formability that can be used even when installed on the clay tile 10. The fixtures 5 and 6 which are iron bars penetrate the moss fixing base 1 in a predetermined direction. The heating fixtures 5 and 6 made of iron are fixed by penetrating the three-dimensional net-like structure 2. Examples of the fixing tool include fixing tools such as pins, anchors, wires, bolts and nuts, and adhesives.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 4, the method of manufacturing the moss-fixing base 1 is as follows: first, the moss 3 and the moss-curing material 4 are sprinkled on the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 and shaken. And distributed. Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the roller 3 compresses the three-dimensional network structure 2. Thereby, the porosity of the three-dimensional network structure 2 is reduced, and the moss 3 and the moss curing material 4 can be prevented from leaking to the outside.
[0025]
In the present embodiment, the structure illustrated in FIG. 1 is preferable as a combination of the moss fixing base 1 and the clay roof tile 10. The fixing tools 5 and 6 of the moss fixing base 1 are inserted into fixing holes 12 of the concave portion 11 formed as depressions on the main plate surface of the clay tile 10, and the moss fixing base 1 is fitted into the concave portion 11 and arranged. Configuration. A rectangular frame 13 is formed so as to surround the concave portion 11. On the side surface of the surface of the clay tile 10, a horizontal mounting portion 14 for stacking horizontally adjacent clay tiles 10 is formed. An underwater part 15 which is a curved surface part is formed on the underwater side (front side) of the surface of the clay tile 10. A nail hole 16 is formed above the surface of the clay tile 10 on the water side, and an upper mounting portion 17 for placing the adjacent clay tile 10 on the upper side is formed below the nail hole 16. As shown in FIG. 2, on the back surface of the clay roof tile 10, there are provided a covering portion 18 for overlapping on the horizontal mounting portion 14 of the clay roof tile adjacent to the side and a foot 19.
[0026]
When the three-dimensional net-like structure 1 and the clay roof tile 10 are combined, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower part 15 of the clay roof tile 10 on the water side (upper side) and the upper mounting part of the clay roof tile 10 on the lower side. 17 so as to overlap. Since rainwater stays in the frame 13 and the three-dimensional net-like structure 1 is a spring resin molded product having a void, the moss fixing base 1 can effectively retain moisture.
[0027]
The mounting structure of the clay tile 10 in which the moss fixing base 1 is integrated will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 shows a mounting structure for mounting the underwater clay tile 10a and the underwater clay tile 10b to the roof base material 21. The clay roof tiles 10b are arranged in such a manner that the tip of the underwater part 15 is superimposed on the upper mounting portion 17 of the underwater (lower) clay roof tiles 10a, and the left and right sides of the clay roof tiles 10a and 10b are horizontal mounting portions. The covering portion 18 is arranged so as to overlap the 14, and is fixed by passing a fixing nail 20 through the fixing hole 12 and fixing it to the roof base material 21.
Since the assembling is completed only by fixing the moss fixing base 1 to the surface of the clay tile 10, the roofing work and the replacing work of the clay tile 10 with the moss fixing base 1 integrated are extremely simple and easy. can get.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 6A, a moss fixing base 31 as another embodiment of the moss fixing base 1 is formed by winding a moss 33 around a surface of a net-like structure 32 with a thread, or pressing the moss 33 with a hand or the like from above and crimping. You may let it. Density is 0.2-0.3g / cm³The porosity is preferably 70 to 80%. As long as the network structure 32 has a low porosity (for example, 70 to 80%), the hardness may be either hard or soft.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 6B, a moss-fixing base 41 as another embodiment of the moss-fixing base 1 has a moss 43 and a moss curing material 44 put in a non-woven bag or a net-like bag 42 and sealed. It may be done. Then, it is preferable that the bag 42 is compression molded at 60 ° C. to 80 ° C. to form a nonwoven fabric having a shape applicable to a roof tile.
[0030]
Clay tiles 51, 52, and 53 shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C are modifications of the clay tile 10. FIG. The clay roof tile 51 shown in FIG. 7A has a flat plate shape, and has a rectangular concave surface portion 54, a rectangular frame 55, and a fixing hole 56. The clay roof tile 52 shown in FIG. 7B is formed on the left and right sides for inserting the concave portion 58 having the underwater open end 57, the U-shaped frame 59 on three sides, and the moss fixing base 1. And a plurality of (four in the figure) through holes 61 formed in the upper surface of the frame 59. The clay roof tile 53 shown in FIG. 7 (c) is formed on the left and right sides for inserting the concave portion 63 having the underwater open end 62, the U-shaped frame 64 on three sides, and the moss fixing base 1. And a fixing hole 65. Moss fixing bases 70 and 71 shown in FIGS. 7D to 7E are modifications of the moss fixing base 1. The moss fixing base 70 shown in FIG. 7D has rod-shaped fixing members 72 and 73 penetrating the three-dimensional net-like structure 74 in the lateral direction. The moss fixing base 71 shown in FIG. 7 (e) is one in which fixing tools 75 to 78 with screw holes are fixed to the left and right sides of the three-dimensional net-like structure 79.
[0031]
8 (a) and 8 (b) show an embodiment in which the clay tile 51 of FIG. 7 (a) and the moss fixing base 70 of FIG. 7 (d) are combined, and the moss fixing base 70 is bent right and left and then fixed. When the tools 72 and 73 are inserted into the fixing holes 56, the moss fixing base 70 is fixed to the clay tile 51 by using the elastic force to restore the moss fixing base 70 to its original position, so that the work is simple.
[0032]
FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which the moss fixing base 71 of FIG. 7E is inserted into the clay roof tile 52 of FIG. 7B, and the moss fixing bases 75 to 78 are aligned with the middle grooves 60 with screw holes. 79 is inserted from the lower open end of the clay roof tile 59, and a moss fixing base 71 is fixed to the clay roof tile 52 by a bolt (not shown) passing through the through hole 61 and being screwed into a screw hole of the fixtures 75 to 78. It is done.
[0033]
Clay tiles 80 and 81 shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B are still other embodiments of the clay tile 10. The clay roof tile 80 is provided with a flat and rectangular concave portion 82, a rectangular frame 83, a screw hole 84, and a projecting portion 85 projecting inward from the frame 83. The clay roof tile 81 is provided with a flat and rectangular concave portion 86, a rectangular frame 87, a nail through hole 88, and a projecting portion 89 projecting inward from the frame 87. The moss fixing base 90 shown in FIG. 10 (c) is fixed to the clay tiles 80 and 81 shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), and the fixtures 91 to 93 with through holes are three-dimensional net-like structures. The bolt 95 is fixed to the side of the screw 94, and the bolt 95 is inserted through the through hole and screwed into the screw hole 84. The protruding portions 85 and 89 have a structure for holding the net-like structure 94.
[0034]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which the moss fixing base 90 of FIG. 10B is fixed to the clay tile 80 of FIG. 10A, and one end of the mesh structure 94 is connected to one end of the clay tile 80. It is inserted and pressed by the protruding portion 85, and the fixtures 91 to 93 with holes at the other end of the net-like structure 94 are mated with the bolt through holes 84, and are fixed with the bolts 95.
[0035]
The three-dimensional network structure 2 applied to the moss-fixed base 1 of the present embodiment is composed of continuous filaments 112 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as filaments 112) using a thermoplastic resin as a raw material or a main raw material as shown in FIG. It is a line assembly 113. The filament aggregate 113 is a three-dimensional net-like structure in which adjacent filaments of a loop of a plurality of filaments 112 are randomly tangled and entangled with each other and have a predetermined gap therein. The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional network structure 2 will be described later.
[0036]
The specifications of the three-dimensional network 2 are as follows.
(1) When putting moss and compressing
Before compression
Void ratio 80-99%
Bulk density 0.18-0.01 g / cm³
After compression
Porosity 30-80%, preferably 50-60%
Bulk density 0.63-0.18g / cm³, Preferably 0.45 to 0.36 g / cm³
(2) When fixing moss without compression
Porosity 70-80%
Bulk density 0.27-0.18g / cm³
[0037]
The wire diameter (diameter) of the filament of the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 is 0.3 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.7 to 2.0 mm in the case of a solid filament. In the case of solid filaments, if the filament diameter is 0.3 mm or less, the filaments have no rigidity, the number of fused portions increases, and the porosity decreases. If it is 3.0 mm or more, the striatum has too much waist, a loop is not formed, and the moss 3 is poorly implanted. In the case of a hollow filament, it is 1.0 to 3.0 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.0 mm, and particularly preferably 0.9 to 1.3 mm. In the case of a hollow filament, it is 1.0 to 3.0 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.0 mm. The hollow ratio is preferably 10% to 80%. When the hollow ratio is 10% or less and 80% or more, inconveniences such as poor implantation of the moss 3 occur.
The thickness is 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 20 to 40 mm. The length and width may be appropriately determined.
[0038]
The porosity is preferably in the above range in order to maintain the elasticity and strength of the network and reduce the weight.
[Porosity (%)] = (1− [bulk density] / [resin density]) × 100
[0039]
It is preferable that the mixing ratio between the solid filament and the hollow filament is solid: hollow = 0 to 50:50 to 100.
[0040]
The thermoplastic resin used as the raw material of the three-dimensional network structure 2 is particularly preferably a polyolefin-based resin such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). A vinyl acetate resin (hereinafter, referred to as VAC), an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter, referred to as EVA), a styrene / butadiene / styrene copolymer (hereinafter, referred to as SBS), and the like are preferable, and a mixture thereof may be used. Further, the polyolefin-based resin may be a recycled resin.
[0041]
It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin comprises a mixture of a polyolefin resin and a vinyl acetate resin, a biethylene acetate copolymer, or styrene-butadiene-styrene. The three-dimensional network structure 2 which is a three-dimensional structure molded from a mixture (for example, a thermoplastic elastomer) of a polyolefin-based resin such as PE or PP and VAC, EVA or SBS is preferable.
[0042]
The mixing ratio of polyolefin resin and vinyl acetate resin or vinyl acetate of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is 70 to 97% by weight: 3 to 30% by weight, preferably 80 to 90% by weight: 10 to 20% by weight. Is preferred.
When the VAC or EVA is 3% by weight or less, the rebound resilience decreases, and when the VAC or EVA exceeds 30% by weight, the thermal characteristics deteriorate.
[0043]
The mixing ratio of the polyolefin resin and styrene butadiene styrene is preferably 50 to 97% by weight: 3 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 70 to 90% by weight: 10 to 30% by weight.
[0044]
[Spring structure resin molding device 115]
Next, a spring structure resin molding device 115 which is an example of a production device of the three-dimensional network structure 2 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the extruder 120 includes a hopper 121, and melts and kneads a thermoplastic resin supplied from the hopper 121 at a predetermined temperature, and the melt is kneaded at a predetermined temperature provided in a molding die (die) 122. At a predetermined extrusion rate, a plurality of nozzles 123 having a diameter extrude a filament aggregate 113 composed of molten thermoplastic resin filaments 112, and the filament aggregate 113 is pulled by a pulling machine 124.
[0045]
The take-up rolls 125 of the take-up machine 124 are installed in the water in the water tank 126. Each of the take-up rolls 125 has a pair of upper and lower rollers on which one endless belt 128 is hung. The water tank 126 includes a water supply valve 126a and a drain valve 126b. In the three-dimensional net-like structure 2, the filaments 112 of the filament aggregate 113 are randomly formed into a loop shape, and the loops are partially entangled in contact with each other, welded and solidified in water, and are taken up by the winding rolls 129, 129. Is taken out as a three-dimensional net-like structure 2.
[0046]
As shown in FIG. 14, when it is difficult to bend the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 that is a three-dimensional structure with the take-off rolls 125, 125 at the time of take-up, the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 is bent at that portion by forming a portion having a coarse bulk density, and is then submerged. Can be pulled up. The cutting device 130 is for cutting the taken-out three-dimensional network structure 2 into appropriate lengths. The loop forming apparatus 150 narrows down the thickness of the continuous continuous wire 112 discharged from the mold 122 before the continuous continuous wire on the outer peripheral side thereof contacts the water surface of the water tank 126 to reduce the surface layer of the three-dimensional net-like structure 2. In addition to increasing the density of the belt, the loops are formed smoothly, and the fusion between the loops is made uniform. Further, before the endless belt 128 of the conveyor is touched, the surface thereof is cooled and solidified, and the biting marks of the belt 128 are formed. It does not stick to the product.
[0047]
As another example, as shown in the front view of FIG. 15, a cutting device 230 is provided in a water tank 226, and the cutting device 230 is disposed near a lower portion of a take-off machine 224. A transport device 235 is provided which is a conveyor having a large number of locking projections to be inserted into the cut gaps of the single unit. About the structure of another part, the said description is referred to as 200s.
[0048]
[Manufacturing method of three-dimensional network structure 2]
Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the three-dimensional network structure 2 will be described.
As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 16, in the method of manufacturing the three-dimensional network structure 2 in the present embodiment, preferably, a polyolefin-based resin such as PE or PP and a raw material resin such as VAC, EVA or SBS are described later. The mixture is dry-blended via a tumbler, a fixed-rate feeder, or the like, or mixed or melt-mixed into pellets, and sent to the hopper 21 of the extruder 20.
[0049]
Specifically, raw material resins, for example, PP and SBS are mixed by a tumbler (KR mixer manufactured by Kato Riki Seisakusho) at 40 rpm for 15 minutes.
[0050]
Next, as shown in an explanatory view of FIG. 13, a mixture composed of the raw material resin is charged from a hopper 121 (see FIG. 14) of a φ65 mm single-screw extruder 120, and a predetermined temperature (200 ° C. in Examples 1 to 6). And melt-kneading at 260 ° C. in Examples 7 to 9 and melt-extrusion at a predetermined extrusion rate from a number of nozzles having a predetermined diameter provided in the forming die 122, and a predetermined wire diameter ( For example, 600 to 90,000 deniers, preferably 3,000 to 30,000 deniers, and more preferably 6,000 to 10,000 deniers) are formed to form solid and / or hollow continuous filaments. Are formed in a random loop by contact-entanglement of adjacent filaments 112 by the loop forming device 150, for example, a diameter of 1 to 10 mm, preferably To form a loop with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm. At this time, at least a part of the contact entangled portions is mutually melt-bonded and cooled. The filament 112 may be a mixture of a hollow filament and a solid filament at a predetermined ratio.
[0051]
The thickness and bulk density of the three-dimensional structure, which is a set of the random loops, are set between the take-up rolls 125 of the take-up machine 124 in the water tank 126. This three-dimensional structure (for example, a thickness of 10 to 200 mm and a width of 2,000 mm) is randomly formed into a curl or a loop, solidified in water, and taken out as a three-dimensional net-like structure 2 by winding rolls 129 and 129. .
[0052]
Further, when the filament 112 having this loop is formed underwater by the take-off machine 124, the three-dimensional net-like characteristic may be changed by changing the speed of the take-off machine 124. In this case, when the bulk density of the three-dimensional structure is relatively increased, 0.03 to 0.08 g / cm³, Preferably 0.04 to 0.07 g / cm³, Especially 0.05 to 0.06 g / cm³It is preferable that
[0053]
Further, for example, the take-up speed of the take-up rolls 125, 125 is adjusted at a predetermined interval (for example, 3 to 5 m) by adjusting the take-up speed of the take-up machine 124 to a low speed within a set time by a timer or the like for each set time. By doing so, in the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional net-like structure 2, a portion having a large bulk density and a portion other than the bulk density formed at a predetermined interval (for example, 30 to 50 cm) at the time of low-speed drawing are continuously formed, that is, dense and dense. You may.
[0054]
Further, as shown in the front view of FIG. 14, when it is difficult to bend the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 as the three-dimensional structure with the take-off rolls 125, 125 at the time of take-off, a portion having a coarse bulk density is formed by forming the portion. It can be bent at the site and pulled out of the water. The three-dimensional net-like structure 2 taken out through the above steps is cut into appropriate lengths by the cutting device 130.
[0055]
By the above manufacturing method, as an example, the bulk density is 0.03 g / cm.³Thus, a three-dimensional net-like structure 2 having a thickness of 50 mm was obtained. In addition, the three-dimensional structure can also be manufactured using one or a combination of a plurality of different materials.
[0056]
[Example of manufacturing apparatus]
The extruder used is a single-screw extruder having a diameter of 90 mm. The raw material used is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The operating conditions were a resin temperature of 250 ° C., a molding pressure of 0.1 MPa, a screw rotation speed of 30 rpm, a discharge capacity g of 135 kg / hr, and a take-up speed of 32.3 m / hr.
[0057]
When the three-dimensional network structure of the above embodiment is compressed, it is formed by appropriately applying heat to the concave surface portion 11 of the clay roof tile 10 by pressing.
[0058]
The effects of the above embodiment are as follows.
(1) The moss 3 in the moss fixing base 1 grows by rainwater, and after a while, the sloped roof surface is greened. Since the moss 3 is firmly held in the gaps between a large number of continuous striatum that are entangled with each other, the moss 3 can be prevented from flowing out due to running water such as rainwater. Since the roots of the grown plant grow while being entangled with a large number of continuous striatum constituting the three-dimensional network structure 2, the effect of holding the filler 3 is further enhanced.
(2) Since the moss 3 has a water absorbing function and a water retaining function, the moss fixing base 1 has an effect of suppressing evaporation of moisture from the clay tile 10 and retaining moisture on the surface of the clay tile 10.
(3) After installation of the moss-fixed base 1 on the sloping roof, there is no need for maintenance such as irrigation, fertilization, cutting, etc., so the management is extremely easy, there is no running cost, and the cost is extremely high. The sloping roof is a place where it is easy to dry, is not soiled, and is easily heated. However, the moss 3 does not die even if it is dried, and even if it is in a state of temporary death, it regenerates immediately when rainwater is supplied. In particular, S. moss and H. moss are very dry and can be used on sloping roofs where other plants are difficult to form a biolayer.
(4) By using the moss-fixed base 1 for a sloping roof, deterioration of the sloping roof and the like caused by a temperature difference due to ultraviolet rays and infrared rays is also prevented, and a rise in the temperature of the building is suppressed. The energy saving effect of cooling by reducing the temperature rise in summer and the energy saving effect of heating by keeping heat in winter can be expected.
(5) Since it is a living growth material using the moss fixing base 1 and the clay roof tile 10 that has been used for a long time, it is effective as an ecological product.
(6) Since the three-dimensional network structure 2 is a thermoplastic resin having voids, the moss 3 which hardly requires soil is incorporated in the lightweight and strong three-dimensional network structure 2, so that the overall structure is ultralight. . For this reason, the burden on buildings and the like is significantly reduced, and the construction is easy, and the initial investment associated with greening can be significantly reduced as compared with other construction methods. The moss fixing base 1 can be simply fixed to the clay tile 10 with a fixing tool, so that the moss fixing base 1 can be simultaneously constructed at the time of tile roofing, tile replacement, and the like.
(7) Since the moss-fixed base 1 can be regenerated as industrial waste by a simple treatment when discarded, the moss-fixed base 1 is excellent in recyclability. It is an excellent biological growth base 1 in which moss curing materials 4 such as soil, clay, sand, straw chips, and waste paper are adjusted in a well-balanced manner, and moss 3 is fixed to clay tiles 10 without using a chemically synthesized material.
(8) When the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 is compressed, the moss 3 is less scattered by wind, rain, etc., so that the product life is extended. In places with strong winds, it is possible to cope by applying strong compression.
(9) By using the moss-fixed base 1 on a sloping roof, it can be spread to ordinary households, which is effective for global warming due to an increase in carbon dioxide, an increase in artificial waste heat, and a heat island in a city due to loss of greenery. is there.
According to the present embodiment, the moss-fixed base 1 can be used by being inclined on the inclined roof, so that the wall greening area can be enlarged. By compressing the three-dimensional mesh body filled with the moss 3 and the moss curing material 4, the moss 3 and the moss curing material 4 are reliably captured by the three-dimensional mesh body 2, and even when leaning against a wall or the like, run off by running water such as rainwater. There is an effect that is difficult to do.
When the moss 3 and the moss curing material 4 are previously filled in the three-dimensional net-like structure 2, the greening speed is higher than in the case where only the moss 3 is used.
By compressing the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 in the plane direction, the thickness is reduced and the space saving advantage is obtained.
Since the mounting structure of the clay tile 10 in which the three-dimensional network structure 2 is integrated is configured as described above, it is necessary to use an adhesive or a caulking material when assembling the three-dimensional network structure 2 to the clay tile 10. And the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 can be prevented from dropping due to strong wind or the like. Further, there is an excellent effect that the roofing work of the clay tile 10 in which the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 is integrated becomes more efficient and the deterioration of the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 can be prevented. Therefore, the present invention has an extremely large practical value as a mounting structure of the clay roof tile 10 in which the three-dimensional net-like structure 2 which has solved the conventional problems is integrated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a moss-fixing base and a clay tile according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are a perspective view of a front surface and a perspective view of a back surface of a clay tile applied to a moss-fixing base according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an attachment structure in which a clay tile to which a moss fixing base is fixed is fixed to a roof with a roof base material.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an intermediate manufacturing process of the moss-fixing base.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a final production step (compression step) of the moss-fixed substrate.
FIG. 6 (a) is another embodiment of a moss-fixed base, and FIG. 6 (b) is another embodiment of a different moss-fixed base.
7 (a) to 7 (c) show another embodiment of clay roof tiles, and FIGS. 7 (d) and 7 (e) show moss fixing bases of other different embodiments.
8A is a plan view of an embodiment in which the clay tile of FIG. 7A is combined with the moss-fixed base of FIG. 7D, and FIG. 8B is a plan view of the moss-fixed base of the embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows a mode that it fixes.
9A is a perspective view showing an embodiment in which the moss-fixed base of FIG. 7E is inserted into the clay tile of FIG. 7B, and FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the moss-fixed base of the embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the mode fixed to the clay tile.
10A is another embodiment of a clay tile, FIG. 10B is another different embodiment, and FIG. 10C is still another embodiment of a moss fixing base.
11 is a cross-sectional view of the clay roof tile of FIG. 10 (a) to which the moss fixing base of FIG. 10 (b) is fixed.
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a three-dimensional network structure 2.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing an apparatus for manufacturing the three-dimensional network structure 2.
FIG. 14 is an embodiment showing another manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional network structure 2;
FIG. 15 is an embodiment showing still another apparatus for manufacturing the three-dimensional network structure 2.
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing steps of a method for manufacturing the three-dimensional network structure 2.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... moss fixing base 2, 74, 79 立体 three-dimensional network structure 3, 33, 43 苔 moss
4 ... Mossy curing material ¥ 5,6 ... Fixing tool # 10 ... Clay tile $ 11 ... Concave surface
12: fixing hole # 13: frame # 14: horizontal mounting part # 15: underwater
17: Upper mounting part # 18: Covering part # 21: Roof base material # 31: Moss fixing base
32: Reticulated structure # 41: Moss fixing base # 42: Non-woven fabric bag or reticulated bag
44 ... Mossy curing material ¥ 51,52,53 ... Clay tile ¥ 54,58,62 ... Concave surface
57, 61: underwater open end {60 ... groove {112} filament {113 ... filament aggregate}
115 ... Spring structure resin molding machine # 120 ... Extrusion molding machine

Claims (10)

A three-dimensional net-like structure is provided in which a large number of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic resin are irregularly bent three-dimensionally while being meandering and are fused at portions where they intersect,
Moss is fixed to the three-dimensional network structure,
The three-dimensional net-like structure is set to a shape and size adapted to be fitted into a concave portion formed on the front side of the tile of the sloped roof,
A moss-fixing base, comprising a fixture for attaching the roof tile to the three-dimensional network structure. 2. The moss-fixing base according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional net-like structure has a thickness of 5 mm to 50 mm. The moss-fixing base according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the three-dimensional net-like structure is press-formed by a press machine. The moss fixing base according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concave portion is surrounded by a frame formed on a tile. The moss-fixing base according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concave portion is surrounded by a three-sided frame formed on the tile except for the underwater side. The moss fixation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the three-dimensional network structure is compressed in a plane direction to reduce a porosity, and moss filled in the void is fixed in the three-dimensional network structure. Foundation. The moss-fixing substrate according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the three-dimensional network structure before compression is 80% to 99%, and the porosity after compression is 30% to 80%. The moss-fixing base according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a wire diameter of the three-dimensional network structure is 0.5 mm to 3 mm. The three-dimensional network structure is made of a thermoplastic resin, has a bulk density of 0.18 to 0.27 g / cm ³ , a porosity of 70 to 80%, and is formed by fixing moss to the three-dimensional network structure. The moss-fixed substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The moss is enclosed in a non-woven bag and compressed to provide a non-woven structure with a fixed shape,
The nonwoven fabric structure is set in a shape and size adapted to be fitted into a concave portion formed on the front side of the tile of the sloped roof,
A moss-fixing base, wherein the non-woven fabric structure is provided with a fixture attached to the tile.

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