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JP2004056276A - Patch antenna - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP2004056276A
JP2004056276A JP2002208379A JP2002208379A JP2004056276A JP 2004056276 A JP2004056276 A JP 2004056276A JP 2002208379 A JP2002208379 A JP 2002208379A JP 2002208379 A JP2002208379 A JP 2002208379A JP 2004056276 A JP2004056276 A JP 2004056276A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
dielectric
patch
patch electrode
electrode
lens body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP2002208379A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Genshu To
竇 元珠
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alps Alpine Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Alps Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alps Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Alps Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP2002208379A priority Critical patent/JP2004056276A/en
Publication of JP2004056276A publication Critical patent/JP2004056276A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple and low-cost patch antenna having a high gain. <P>SOLUTION: A radome 6 having a semispherical dielectric lens 7 in its cover houses a dielectric board 1, etc. and the dielectric lens 7 is disposed near and faces a patch electrode 2. This causes the most of radio waves radiated from the patch electrode 2 to pass through the lens 7 during feeding, resulting in a phase delay. The phase delay is great in front of the center of the electrode 2 but little in front of its peripheral edge. Hence the radiation pattern of the antenna is narrowed to sharpen its directivity, compared with that without the lens 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、通信や放送に用いて好適なパッチアンテナに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図5はこの種のパッチアンテナの従来例を示す断面図であり、同図において、誘電体基板1は誘電損失が少なく高利得化に有利な誘電体材料(例えば比誘電率が約2.6のポリテトラフルオロエチレン等)からなる。誘電体基板1の天面の中央部に放射素子としてのパッチ電極2が設けられ、誘電体基板1の底面ほぼ全域に接地導体4が設けられ、パッチ電極2の所定位置に給電ピン3が半田付けされている。給電ピン3は給電ケ−ブル5を介して図示せぬ増幅回路や発振回路等と電気的に接続されており、この給電ピン3からパッチ電極2に高周波信号が給電されるようになっている。これら誘電体基板1等はレドーム6内に収納されており、レドーム6によって塵埃等の異物がパッチ電極2に付着しないように保護されている。このレドーム6は誘電体材料である合成樹脂を成形してなる外装ケースであるが、アンテナ特性への影響を少なくするためにレドーム6とパッチ電極2との間には若干の空間が確保され、レドーム6自身の肉厚も薄く設計されている。
【0003】
なお、給電ピン3を省略し、パッチ電極2から延設したマイクロストリップラインによって給電するという構造のパッチアンテナも知られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した従来のパッチアンテナにおいて、パッチ電極2の大きさは動作周波数に応じて決定されるので、利得を高めるためにパッチ電極2を大きめに設計するという選択は行えない。また、パッチ電極2の形状と放射パターンとの関係は極めて複雑なので、高利得な放射パターンが得られるようにパッチ電極2の形状を調整することは相当に困難である。したがって、この種のパッチアンテナでは、利得を高めて感度を向上させることが容易でなく、その対策が要望されていた。
【0005】
本発明は、このような従来技術の実情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、簡単かつ安価に高利得化が図れるパッチアンテナを提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述した目的を達成するため、本発明のパッチアンテナは、誘電体基板と、この誘電体基板の片面に設けられて高周波信号の給電を受けるパッチ電極と、このパッチ電極よりも大面積で前記誘電体基板の他面に設けられた接地導体と、前記パッチ電極に近接して対向配置された誘電体材料からなる誘電レンズ体とを備え、この誘電レンズ体を前記パッチ電極の中央部と対向する部分の厚みが該パッチ電極の周縁部と対向する部分の厚みよりも大きい形状とした。
【0007】
このように誘電体材料からなる誘電レンズ体をパッチ電極に近接させて対向配置しておけば、パッチ電極から放射される電波が誘電レンズ体を通過する際に位相の遅れを生じ、その位相の遅れはパッチ電極の中央部の前方で大きく周縁部の前方で小さくなるので、誘電レンズ体が存しない場合に比べると、パッチアンテナの放射パターンが絞られて指向性がシャープになり、利得を高めることができまる。また、この誘電レンズ体は誘電体材料からなる成形品でよいため、極めて安価に製造することができる。
【0008】
なお、誘電レンズ体の代わりに誘電体材料からなる誘電平板体を用い、この誘電平板体におけるパッチ電極との対向面の大きさを該パッチ電極と同等以下に設定した場合にも、パッチ電極から放射されて誘電平板体を通過する電波に位相の遅れが生じ、誘電平板体を通過しない電波には位相の遅れが生じないので、パッチアンテナの放射パターンが絞られて指向性がシャープになる。
【0009】
上記の構成において、誘電体基板とパッチ電極および接地導体を収納するレドームを備え、このレドームの一部を前記誘電レンズ体または前記誘電平板板にて構成しておけば、部品点数や組立工数を増加することなく高利得化が実現できるので好ましい。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明すると、図1は本発明の実施形態例に係るパッチアンテナの断面図、図2は該パッチアンテナの一部を破断して示す正面図であり、図5に対応する部分には同一符号を付してある。
【0011】
図1,2に示すパッチアンテナは、誘電体基板1の両面にパッチ電極2と接地導体4を設け、パッチ電極2の所定位置に半田付けした給電ピン3を給電ケ−ブル5に接続すると共に、蓋部に誘電レンズ体7を設けたレドーム6の内部に誘電体基板1等を収納して概略構成されている。誘電体基板1はポリテトラフルオロエチレン等の誘電体材料からなる。パッチ電極2は誘電体基板1の天面の中央部に設けられた放射素子であり、給電ケ−ブル5および給電ピン3を介してパッチ電極2に高周波信号が給電されるようになっている。給電ピン3の位置はインピーダンスが整合するように適宜選択されており、接地導体4は誘電体基板1の底面のほぼ全域に設けられている。レドーム6はABS樹脂等の誘電体材料を成形してなる外装ケースであるが、レドーム6のうち誘電体基板1の前方に配置される部分は凸レンズを半分にしたような半球形状の誘電レンズ体7となっている。
【0012】
この誘電レンズ体7はパッチ電極2に近接して対向配置されており、誘電レンズ体7のうちパッチ電極2の中央部と対向する部分の厚みが最大で、径方向外側ほど誘電レンズ体7の厚みは漸減している。したがって、給電時にパッチ電極2から放射される電波の多くが誘電レンズ体7を通過して位相の遅れを生じることとなり、その位相の遅れはパッチ電極2の中央部の前方で大きく周縁部の前方で小さくなる。すなわち、パッチ電極2から放射されて同位相で進む電波の束が誘電レンズ体7により絞られるので、パッチアンテナの指向性がシャープになり、誘電レンズ体7が存しない場合に比べると、パッチ電極2の真正面方向へより多くの電波が放射されるようになる。なお、誘電レンズ体7の形状は半球形状に限らず、円錐形状や多角錐形状等を採用することも可能であり、要はパッチ電極2の中央部と対向する部分の厚みが最大で、径方向外側ほど厚みが漸減する形状の誘電レンズ体7であれば良い。
【0013】
図3はパッチ電極2の中心を通って垂直な平面内におけるパッチアンテナの放射パターンを示す特性図で、図中実線で描いた曲線は誘電レンズ体7を設けた本実施形態例を示し、2点鎖線で描いた曲線は誘電レンズ体7を除去した比較例を示している。同図からも明らかなように、パッチ電極2に近接して対向する誘電レンズ体7を設けると、パッチアンテナの放射パターンが絞られて指向性がシャープになり、利得が高まることがわかる。しかも、この誘電レンズ体7はレドーム6の蓋部を兼ねているので、部品点数や組立工数を増加することなく簡単かつ安価に高利得化が実現できる。
【0014】
図4は本発明の他の実施形態例に係るパッチアンテナの断面図であり、図1に対応する部分には同一符号を付してある。図4に示すパッチアンテナでは、誘電レンズ体の代わりに直方体形状の誘電平板体8をパッチ電極2に近接して対向配置させている。この誘電平板体8の平面的な大きさは、パッチ電極2と略同等またはそれ以下であり、パッチ電極2の周縁を除くほぼ全面が誘電平板体8と対向している。このように構成したパッチアンテナにおいても、パッチ電極2から放射されて誘電平板体8を通過する電波に位相の遅れが生じ、誘電平板体8を通過しない電波には位相の遅れが生じないので、放射パターンが絞られて指向性がシャープになり、利得を高めることができる。
【0015】
なお、本発明が適用されるパッチアンテナは上記各実施形態例に限定されず、パッチ電極から延設したマイクロストリップラインによって給電するという構造のパッチアンテナに対しても適用可能であることは言うまでもない。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明したような形態で実施され、以下に記載されるような効果を奏する。
【0017】
誘電体材料からなる誘電レンズ体や誘電平板体をパッチ電極に近接させて対向配置することにより、パッチアンテナの放射パターンが絞られて指向性がシャープになるので、利得を高めることができる。しかも、誘電レンズ体や誘電平板体は誘電体材料からなる成形品でよいため、極めて安価に製造できる。
【0018】
また、かかる誘電レンズ体や誘電平板体をレドームの一部となせば、部品点数や組立工数を増加することなく高利得化が実現できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態例に係るパッチアンテナの断面図である。
【図2】該パッチアンテナの一部を破断して示す正面図である。
【図3】該パッチアンテナの放射パターンを示す特性図である。
【図4】本発明の他の実施形態例に係るパッチアンテナの断面図である。
【図5】従来例に係るパッチアンテナの断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 誘電体基板
2 パッチ電極
3 給電ピン
4 接地導体
6 レドーム
7 誘電レンズ体
8 誘電平板体
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a patch antenna suitable for use in communication and broadcasting.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional example of this type of patch antenna. In FIG. 5, a dielectric substrate 1 has a small dielectric loss and is advantageous for high gain (for example, a dielectric constant of about 2.6). Of polytetrafluoroethylene etc.). A patch electrode 2 as a radiating element is provided at the center of the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a ground conductor 4 is provided over substantially the entire bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and a feed pin 3 is soldered to a predetermined position of the patch electrode 2. Is attached. The power supply pin 3 is electrically connected to an amplifying circuit or an oscillation circuit (not shown) via a power supply cable 5 so that a high-frequency signal is supplied from the power supply pin 3 to the patch electrode 2. . These dielectric substrates 1 and the like are housed in a radome 6, and are protected by the radome 6 so that foreign substances such as dust do not adhere to the patch electrode 2. The radome 6 is an outer case formed by molding a synthetic resin as a dielectric material, but a small space is secured between the radome 6 and the patch electrode 2 in order to reduce the influence on antenna characteristics. The thickness of the radome 6 itself is also designed to be thin.
[0003]
A patch antenna having a structure in which the power supply pin 3 is omitted and power is supplied by a microstrip line extending from the patch electrode 2 is also known.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described conventional patch antenna, since the size of the patch electrode 2 is determined according to the operating frequency, it is not possible to select to design the patch electrode 2 to be larger in order to increase the gain. Further, since the relationship between the shape of the patch electrode 2 and the radiation pattern is extremely complicated, it is considerably difficult to adjust the shape of the patch electrode 2 so as to obtain a high-gain radiation pattern. Therefore, in this type of patch antenna, it is not easy to improve the sensitivity by increasing the gain, and a countermeasure has been demanded.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances of the related art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a patch antenna that can easily and inexpensively increase the gain.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a patch antenna according to the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a patch electrode provided on one surface of the dielectric substrate and receiving power supply of a high-frequency signal, and a dielectric element having a larger area than the patch electrode. A grounding conductor provided on the other surface of the body substrate, and a dielectric lens body made of a dielectric material disposed close to and opposed to the patch electrode, wherein the dielectric lens body faces a central portion of the patch electrode. The thickness of the portion was larger than the thickness of the portion facing the peripheral portion of the patch electrode.
[0007]
If the dielectric lens body made of a dielectric material is disposed close to and opposed to the patch electrode in this way, a phase delay occurs when radio waves radiated from the patch electrode pass through the dielectric lens body. Since the delay is large in front of the central part of the patch electrode and small in front of the peripheral part, the radiation pattern of the patch antenna is narrowed down, the directivity is sharpened, and the gain is increased as compared with the case where there is no dielectric lens. I can do it. Further, since this dielectric lens body may be a molded article made of a dielectric material, it can be manufactured at extremely low cost.
[0008]
Note that, even when a dielectric flat body made of a dielectric material is used instead of the dielectric lens body and the size of the surface of the dielectric flat body facing the patch electrode is set to be equal to or smaller than the patch electrode, A phase delay occurs in the radiated radio wave passing through the dielectric plate, and a phase delay does not occur in a radio wave not passing through the dielectric plate. Therefore, the radiation pattern of the patch antenna is narrowed and the directivity is sharpened.
[0009]
In the above configuration, a radome for accommodating the dielectric substrate, the patch electrode, and the ground conductor is provided, and if a part of the radome is configured by the dielectric lens body or the dielectric plate, the number of parts and the number of assembly steps can be reduced. This is preferable because high gain can be realized without increasing.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. Parts corresponding to those in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0011]
In the patch antenna shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a patch electrode 2 and a ground conductor 4 are provided on both surfaces of a dielectric substrate 1, and a feed pin 3 soldered to a predetermined position of the patch electrode 2 is connected to a feed cable 5. , A dielectric substrate 1 and the like are housed inside a radome 6 provided with a dielectric lens body 7 in a lid portion. The dielectric substrate 1 is made of a dielectric material such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The patch electrode 2 is a radiating element provided at the center of the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and a high-frequency signal is supplied to the patch electrode 2 via a power supply cable 5 and a power supply pin 3. . The position of the power supply pin 3 is appropriately selected so that the impedance is matched, and the ground conductor 4 is provided over substantially the entire bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The radome 6 is an outer case formed by molding a dielectric material such as an ABS resin. A portion of the radome 6 disposed in front of the dielectric substrate 1 is a hemispherical dielectric lens body having a convex lens halved. It is 7.
[0012]
The dielectric lens body 7 is disposed so as to be close to and facing the patch electrode 2, and the thickness of the part of the dielectric lens body 7 that faces the center of the patch electrode 2 is maximum, and the radially outward of the dielectric lens body 7 The thickness is gradually decreasing. Therefore, most of the radio waves radiated from the patch electrode 2 during power feeding pass through the dielectric lens body 7 to cause a phase delay, and the phase delay is large in front of the central portion of the patch electrode 2 and in front of the peripheral portion. And becomes smaller. That is, since the bundle of radio waves radiated from the patch electrode 2 and traveling in the same phase is narrowed by the dielectric lens body 7, the directivity of the patch antenna is sharpened, and the patch electrode is compared with the case where the dielectric lens body 7 is not present. More radio waves are radiated in the direction directly in front of (2). Note that the shape of the dielectric lens body 7 is not limited to a hemispherical shape, but may be a conical shape, a polygonal pyramid shape, or the like. It is sufficient that the dielectric lens body 7 has a shape whose thickness gradually decreases toward the outside in the direction.
[0013]
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a radiation pattern of the patch antenna in a plane perpendicular to the center through the center of the patch electrode 2, and a curve drawn by a solid line in the figure indicates the present embodiment in which the dielectric lens body 7 is provided. A curve drawn by a dashed line indicates a comparative example in which the dielectric lens body 7 is removed. As can be seen from the figure, when the dielectric lens body 7 facing the patch electrode 2 is provided close to the patch electrode 2, the radiation pattern of the patch antenna is narrowed, the directivity is sharpened, and the gain is increased. Moreover, since the dielectric lens body 7 also serves as the lid of the radome 6, high gain can be realized simply and inexpensively without increasing the number of parts and the number of assembly steps.
[0014]
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a patch antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention, and portions corresponding to FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the patch antenna shown in FIG. 4, a rectangular parallelepiped dielectric flat plate 8 is arranged close to and opposed to the patch electrode 2 instead of the dielectric lens. The planar size of the dielectric plate 8 is substantially equal to or smaller than that of the patch electrode 2, and almost the entire surface except the peripheral edge of the patch electrode 2 faces the dielectric plate 8. Also in the patch antenna configured as described above, a phase delay occurs in a radio wave radiated from the patch electrode 2 and passing through the dielectric plate 8, and a phase delay does not occur in a radio wave not passing through the dielectric plate 8, The radiation pattern is narrowed, the directivity becomes sharp, and the gain can be increased.
[0015]
It is needless to say that the patch antenna to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the above embodiments, and is applicable to a patch antenna having a structure in which power is supplied by a microstrip line extending from a patch electrode. .
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is implemented in the form described above, and has the following effects.
[0017]
By arranging a dielectric lens body or a dielectric flat body made of a dielectric material in close proximity to the patch electrode, the radiation pattern of the patch antenna is narrowed and the directivity is sharpened, so that the gain can be increased. In addition, since the dielectric lens body and the dielectric flat body may be molded products made of a dielectric material, they can be manufactured at extremely low cost.
[0018]
Further, if such a dielectric lens or dielectric plate is formed as a part of the radome, high gain can be realized without increasing the number of parts and the number of assembly steps.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing a part of the patch antenna in a cutaway manner.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a radiation pattern of the patch antenna.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a patch antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a patch antenna according to a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dielectric substrate 2 Patch electrode 3 Feeding pin 4 Ground conductor 6 Radome 7 Dielectric lens 8 Dielectric flat

Claims (3)

誘電体基板と、この誘電体基板の片面に設けられて高周波信号の給電を受けるパッチ電極と、このパッチ電極よりも大面積で前記誘電体基板の他面に設けられた接地導体と、前記パッチ電極に近接して対向配置された誘電体材料からなる誘電レンズ体とを備え、この誘電レンズ体を前記パッチ電極の中央部と対向する部分の厚みが該パッチ電極の周縁部と対向する部分の厚みよりも大きい形状としたことを特徴とするパッチアンテナ。A dielectric substrate, a patch electrode provided on one surface of the dielectric substrate and receiving power supply of a high-frequency signal, a ground conductor provided on the other surface of the dielectric substrate with a larger area than the patch electrode, and the patch A dielectric lens body made of a dielectric material disposed close to and opposed to the electrode, wherein the thickness of a portion of the dielectric lens body facing the central portion of the patch electrode is a thickness of a portion facing the peripheral portion of the patch electrode. A patch antenna having a shape larger than a thickness. 誘電体基板と、この誘電体基板の片面に設けられて高周波信号の給電を受けるパッチ電極と、このパッチ電極よりも大面積で前記誘電体基板の他面に設けられた接地導体と、前記パッチ電極に近接して対向配置された誘電体材料からなる誘電平板体とを備え、この誘電平板体における前記パッチ電極との対向面の大きさを該パッチ電極と同等以下に設定したことを特徴とするパッチアンテナ。A dielectric substrate, a patch electrode provided on one surface of the dielectric substrate and receiving power supply of a high-frequency signal, a ground conductor provided on the other surface of the dielectric substrate with a larger area than the patch electrode, and the patch A dielectric flat plate made of a dielectric material disposed in close proximity to the electrode, wherein the size of the surface of the dielectric flat plate facing the patch electrode is set to be equal to or smaller than the patch electrode. Patch antenna. 請求項1または2の記載において、前記誘電体基板と前記パッチ電極および前記接地導体を収納するレドームを備え、このレドームの一部を前記誘電レンズ体または前記誘電平板体にて構成したことを特徴とするパッチアンテナ。3. The device according to claim 1, further comprising: a radome for storing the dielectric substrate, the patch electrode, and the ground conductor, and a part of the radome is configured by the dielectric lens body or the dielectric flat body. And patch antenna.
JP2002208379A 2002-07-17 2002-07-17 Patch antenna Withdrawn JP2004056276A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006075437A1 (en) * 2005-01-17 2006-07-20 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenna assembly, wireless communication apparatus and radar
US8068059B2 (en) * 2006-02-28 2011-11-29 Fujitsu Limited Antenna device, electronic device and antenna cover
WO2015182325A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 Antenna device and speed sensor using same
JP2019097117A (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-20 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Antenna device
JP2019186920A (en) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-24 三菱電機株式会社 Antenna device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006075437A1 (en) * 2005-01-17 2006-07-20 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenna assembly, wireless communication apparatus and radar
US8068059B2 (en) * 2006-02-28 2011-11-29 Fujitsu Limited Antenna device, electronic device and antenna cover
WO2015182325A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 Antenna device and speed sensor using same
JP2015226297A (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-14 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 Antenna device and speed sensor using the same
JP2019097117A (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-20 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Antenna device
JP2019186920A (en) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-24 三菱電機株式会社 Antenna device
JP7120106B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2022-08-17 三菱電機株式会社 antenna device

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