JP2004049992A - Volatile organic compound reducing material and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel volatile organic compound reducing material containing a mineral (ceramics) capable of absorbing/decomposing a volatile organic compound (harmful substance) inclusive of formaldehyde being the principal of a sick house syndrome to reduce the diffusion amount thereof. <P>SOLUTION: The volatile organic compound reducing material contains composite ceramics having serpentine, dolomite, amphihole, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, silica and titanium oxide. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００４２】
このような、１．有害物質である揮発性有機化合物の吸収・分解作用、２．抗菌、脱臭、防カビ作用、３．マイナスイオン発生、遠赤外線放射作用等をバランス良く発現し、シックハウス症候群の原因となる住環境を大幅に改善し得る作用効果を有する揮発性有機化合物低減材に用いられる複合セラミックスを構成する個々のセラミックス（各鉱物）の特性を下記表２に表示する。
【００４３】
【表２】

【００４４】
なお、上記特性に加え、酸化チタンは、光触媒機能を有し、活性率１００％を有するものである。
【００４５】
本明細書中の放射率ε（％）は、赤外法（分光器；日本分光工業株式会社製）により仮想黒体と試料（２０×３０×２ｍｍの板状に加工したもの）の放射率を比較することにより求めた。より詳しくは、試料の表面温度を所定の温度（１００℃）にし、仮想黒体との比較放射率を計測し求めたものである。
【００４６】
本明細書中のマイナスイオン発生数（ヶ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ）は、マイナスイオン計測機械（株式会社ダン科学製；空気イオンカウンタ−ＭＯＤＥＬ：８３−１００１Ｂ−ＭｋＩＩ）を使用して測定したものである。
【００４７】
本明細書中の吸収分解率（％）は、シックハウス症候群の原因の一つとされる化学物質であるホルムアルデヒドにつき、その濃度低減率を測定した。ホルムアルデヒド含有接着剤を容器（デシケータ）の底部に適当量入れ、常温で３０分間放置後、容器内からガス成分を採取し、ホルムアルデヒド濃度をガスクロマトグラフィを用いて測定し、これをブランクとした。次に、ホルムアルデヒド含有接着剤を同様の容器（デシケータ）の底部に同量入れ、該容器（デシケータ）の適当な位置に本発明の試料（粒度５〜７４μｍの複合セラミックスまたはその成分）を載置したフィルターを置き、常温で３０分間放置後、容器内からガス成分を採取し、ホルムアルデヒド濃度をガスクロマトグラフィを用いて測定し、試料ガス濃度とした。これらの測定結果から、下記式により吸収分解率を求めた。
【００４８】
【数１】

【００４９】
明細書中の防カビ特性は、ＪＩＳ−Ｚ−２９１１〈カビ抵抗試験方法〉に従って行った。具体的には、培養：試料、試験片をそれぞれの規定にしたがって処理し規定のカビを接種した後、規定の条件に保って培養した。接種：試料、試験片にカビを接種するには、胞子懸湯液を噴霧器、ピペットで、試料、試験片の表面に均等にまきかけた。また、試験結果の表示は、培養の結果試料、試験片の表面に生じた菌糸の発育状態を肉眼で調べ、下記の判定法により１〜３の評価に分けた。
【００５０】
カビ抵抗性（防カビ特性）の評価；
３：試料、試験片の接種した部分に菌糸の発育が認められない。
【００５１】
２：試料、試験片の接種した部分に認められる菌糸の発育部分の面積は全面積の１／３を超えない。
【００５２】
１：試料、試験片の接種した部分に認められる菌糸の発育部分の面積は全面積の１／３を超える。
【００５３】
また、本明細書中の脱臭率は、テドラーバッグ内に試料１ｇ（複合セラミックスの各構成成分、複合セラミックス）及び臭いガス６００ｍｌを投入し３時間経過後のガス濃度の変化を測定し、下記式により脱臭率を求めた。なお、ガス種には、アルカリ性ガスとしてアンモニア、酸性ガスとして硫化水素を使用した。尚、ガス濃度は、アンモニアは、吸光光度法ないし電位差計を用い、硫化水素は、ガスクロマトグラフ分析計ないし炎光光度検出器を用いて行った。
【００５４】
【数２】

【００５５】
本明細書中の抗菌率は、日本防菌防黴学会で認定されている測定法を用いるものとする。すなわち、菌類（球菌；ブドウ球菌、桿菌；大腸菌）に対する抗菌率に関しては、セラミックスおよび複合セラミックスの試料につき、シェーク法により測定した。この測定法の概要を以下に簡単に説明する。
【００５６】
シェーク法；粉末形態の加工製品等に適用し得る抗菌力評価方法であって、リン酸緩衝液中に試料と、供試菌とを共存させ、一定の時間（例えば、０．５時間）振とう後に生残菌数を測定するものである。すなわち、水溶液中に分散させた試料と供試菌とを振とうにより強制的に接触作用させて効果を確認する方法である。
【００５７】
上記複合セラミックスの配合成分の１つである蛇紋石は、上記表２に示すとおり、揮発性有機化合物の低減率（吸収・分解率）が高く、さらにマイナスイオン発生数（発生能力）、放射率、抗菌率及び脱臭率においても高い値を示しており、さらに防カビ特性に優れており、最もバランスの良い特性を具備しているものといえる。また、他のセラミックス成分と混合して複合セラミックスにして揮発性有機化合物低減材に用いた場合、および該揮発性有機化合物低減材を建材、内装材、家具などに利用した場合にも、揮発性有機化合物の低減作用（吸収・分解性）、放射性、マイナスイオン発生能力、防カビ特性、脱臭性及び抗菌性を高く保持できる。特に、蛇紋石は安定した鉱物であるため、建材、内装材、家具等に利用した場合、長期間その効力を維持できるものである。
【００５８】
上記蛇紋石の含有量は、複合セラミックス全体の特性として、揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するものであればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するものが望ましく、複合セラミックス全体に対して、通常１０〜１００質量％、好ましくは１５〜７５質量％、より好ましくは２０〜６０質量％、特に好ましくは２５〜５０質量％の範囲である。蛇紋石の含有量が１０質量％未満の場合には、蛇紋石の持つ高い吸収分解性、放射性、マイナスイオン発生能力、防カビ特性、脱臭性および抗菌性などの諸特性をバランスよく、有効かつ効果的に発揮させるのが困難な場合がある。一方、蛇紋石の含有量の上限は特に制限されず、単独で使用してもよい。これは、表２に示すように、蛇紋石が表２に示す諸特性に優れているためである。なお、蛇紋石の含有量の上限は特に制限されるべきものではないが、７５質量％を超える場合には、複合セラミックスを使用した揮発性有機化合物低減材、さらには建材等を廃棄、焼却する際にダイオキシン類の発生を十分に抑制するのが困難な場合があり得る。
【００５９】
上記複合セラミックスの成分の１つである苦灰石は、下記表２に示すとおり、吸収・分解率が高く揮発性有機化合物低減材として有用である。さらに防カビ特性に優れ、放射率、抗菌率、脱臭率が高く、他のセラミックス成分と混合して複合セラミックスにして揮発性有機化合物低減材に利用する場合には、マイナスイオン発生能力を補完することで、これらの特性をバランス良く発現させることができる。
【００６０】
本発明に用いることのできる苦灰石には、未焼成のもの（未焼成苦灰石とも称する）および焼成したもの（焼成苦灰石とも称する）の少なくとも１種が含まれるものである。未焼成苦灰石とは、一般にカルシウムとマグネシウムの複合炭酸塩ＣａＭｇ（ＣＯ_３）_２またはこれを主成分とする岩石をいう。この未焼成苦灰石を加熱すると７００〜８００℃でＭｇＣＯ_３分が分解してＣＯ_２を放出し、主に炭酸カルシウム（ＣａＣＯ_３）と酸化マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）の焼成物（以下、焼成苦灰石Ａともいう）となり、さらに９００〜９５０℃でＣａＣＯ_３が分解してＣＯ_２を放出し、主に酸化カルシウム（ＣａＯ）と酸化マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）の共生鉱物ＣａＯ／ＭｇＯ（以下、焼成苦灰石Ｂともいう）となる特性を有している。よって、特に断らない場合には焼成苦灰石には、これら焼成苦灰石Ａ、焼成苦灰石Ｂの少なくとも１種が含まれるものである。これら苦灰石は、抗菌活性に優れ、さらに高い吸収・分解率が高く、さらに防カビ特性に優れ、硬い放射率、脱臭率をも有するものであって、さらに簡単に製造することができ、極めて安価であり、安全性に優れ、触媒的に母材原料の樹脂等を劣化させることもなく、耐光性、耐熱性にも優れるものである。好ましくは未焼成苦灰石を９００〜１２００℃、特には１０００〜１１００℃の温度で焼成してなる焼成苦灰石を含有するものが望ましい。さらに、こうした未焼成苦灰石や焼成未焼成を含有する組成物を適当な方法によって焼結してもよい。適当な粒度を有する苦灰石を含有する組成物を製造する方法としては、適当な比率で配合された苦灰石を含有する組成物を、混合機及び粉砕機に順次複数回にわたって投入して、該組成物を所定の粒度に揃えかつ均一に混合することで得られる。さらに焼成苦灰石を含有する組成物では、しかる後に９００℃以上の温度で焼成するなどしてもよいほか、未焼成苦灰石を９００℃以上、より好ましくは９００〜１２００℃、特には１０００〜１１００℃の温度で焼成して焼成苦灰石とし、さらに他の組成物成分（焼成苦灰石Ａを含む場合には、未焼成苦灰石を７００〜８００℃での焼成温度で焼成しておく。）を適当な比率で配合し、混合機及び粉砕機に順次複数回にわたって投入して、該組成物を所定の粒度に揃えかつ均一に混合し、しかる後２００〜５００℃の焼成温度で焼成するなどしてもよい。
【００６１】
上記焼成苦灰石を配合した複合セラミックスを具備する揮発性有機化合物低減材や該揮発性有機化合物低減材を用いた建材、内装材、家具等では、使用済みのこれら建材等を廃棄物として焼却した際に、周辺に塩素化合物が存在する一般的な都市ゴミ等の焼却処理の環境下においても、焼成苦灰石を含有する各種製品と塩化物（食塩やポリ塩化ビニル樹脂材など）との熱化学反応によりダイオキシン類および塩化水素ガス（酸性雨の原因でもあり、急性毒性を持つ）が発生するのを効果的に抑制することができるものである。このことは、現在問題になっている塩化物（例えば、食塩やポリ塩化ビニルやポリ塩化ビニリデン等）を焼却するような場合に、ダイオキシン類および塩化水素ガスの発生を効果的に抑制することができるものである。こうしたダイオキシン類の生成機構は十分に解明されていないが、少なくとも焼成苦灰石が関与することで、毒性の高いダイオキシン類および塩化水素ガスの生成が妨げられるものと考える。本発明者は、焼成苦灰石の場合にが、後述するリチウム化合物と同様に、ダイオキシン類ないしその前駆体の発生の一因となっている塩素（ないし塩化水素ガス）と直接的に熱化学反応して、あるいは塩素（ないし塩化水素ガス）との熱化学反応に触媒的に作用してダイオキシン類やその前駆体以外の安定な化合物にすることによってダイオキシン類の発生を抑制することができると推論するものである。
【００６２】
また、こうした苦灰石の純度に関しては、例えば、純度９９．９９９％のような高純度でなくてもよく、例えば、未焼成苦灰石を例にとれば、原産地である葛生地区などにおいて採鉱される際の純度ないしその後の簡単な精製により得られる程度（純度９５〜９８％程度）であればよい。これは本発明者が苦灰石につき実験を行った結果、若干不純物を含有しているものであっても使用時に、表２に示す十分に高い特性を奏し、さらに焼却時のダイオキシン発生抑制作用を奏することがわかったためであり、さらにコスト的にも有利である。
【００６３】
上記苦灰石の含有量は、複合セラミックスの特性として、揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するものであればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するものが望ましく、複合セラミックス全体に対して、通常１０質量％〜１００質量％、好ましくは１５〜７５質量％、より好ましくは２０〜６０質量％、特に好ましくは２５〜５０質量％の範囲である。苦灰石の含有量が１０質量％未満の場合には、複合セラミックスを使用した揮発性有機化合物低減材、さらには建材等に高い揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率、放射率、防カビ特性、抗菌率及び脱臭率などの特性をバランス良く、有効かつ効果的に発揮させる上で、またこうした揮発性有機化合物低減材、さらには建材等を廃棄、焼却する際にダイオキシン類の発生を十分に抑制するのが困難な場合があり、こうした揮発性有機化合物低減材の性能低下を招く恐れが生じる場合もある。また、他の有効成分である角閃石や蛇紋石等との併用に際し、相乗的な効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある。一方、苦灰石の含有量の上限は特に制限されず、単独で使用してもよい。ただし、マイナスイオン発生能力については、なお十分でない。そのため、マイナスイオン発生能力等をバランスよく発現させるには、他の有効成分との併用が可能なように７５質量％を超えないように調製するのが望ましい。すなわち、苦灰石の含有量が７５質量％を超える場合には、他の有効成分である角閃石や蛇紋石等の含有量が制限されるため、より高いマイナスイオン発生能力、放射率、脱臭率を有効かつ効果的に発揮するのが困難な場合がある。
【００６４】
上記複合セラミックスの成分の１つであるリチウム化合物は、上記表２（炭酸リチウムおよび燐酸リチウムの例を示す）に示すとおり、揮発性有機化合物の低減率（吸収分解率）、抗菌率、脱臭率が高い値を示している。そのため、他のセラミックス成分と混合して複合セラミックスにして揮発性有機化合物低減材に用いた場合、および該揮発性有機化合物低減材を建材、内装材、家具などに利用した場合にも、揮発性有機化合物の低減率（吸収分解率）、抗菌率、脱臭率を比較的高く保持できるものである。
【００６５】
上記リチウム化合物を配合した複合セラミックスを有する揮発性有機化合物低減材、さらには該揮発性有機化合物低減材を用いた建材、内装材、家具では、これを廃棄物として焼却した際に、周辺に塩素化合物が存在する一般的な都市ゴミ等の焼却処理の環境下においても、リチウム化合物を含有する各種製品と塩化物（食塩やポリ塩化ビニル樹脂材など）との熱化学反応によりダイオキシン類および塩化水素ガス（酸性雨の原因でもあり、急性毒性を持つ）が発生するのを効果的に抑制することができるものである。このことは、現在問題になっている塩化物（例えば、食塩やポリ塩化ビニルやポリ塩化ビニリデン等）を焼却するような場合に、ダイオキシン類および塩化水素ガスの発生を効果的に抑制することができるものである。こうしたダイオキシン類の生成機構は十分に解明されていないが、少なくとも本発明の複合セラミックスのリチウム化合物が関与することで、毒性の高いダイオキシン類および塩化水素ガスの生成が妨げられるものと考える。本発明者は、複合セラミックスのリチウム化合物がダイオキシン類ないしその前駆体の発生の一因となっている塩素（ないし塩化水素ガス）と直接的に熱化学反応して、あるいは塩素（ないし塩化水素ガス）との熱化学反応に触媒的に作用してダイオキシン類やその前駆体以外の安定な化合物にすることによってダイオキシン類の発生を抑制することができると推論するものである。
【００６６】
ここで、リチウムは地球上に広く分布しており、鉱物、岩石、土壌および自然水中に微量存在する。特に主要鉱石はリチア雲母、リチア輝石、ペンタライトなどである。現在、リチウム鉱の原鉱として用いられているものは、ウロコ雲母、リシア輝石、ペタル石、ユークリプタイト、ベニウンモ、チンワルドウンモ、マナンドナイト、トリフィル石、リシオフィライト、アンブリゴ石（ＬｉＡｌ（ＦｅＰＯ_４））、フレモンタイト、シックラー石などである。こうしたリチウムを含有する鉱物は、燐酸、砒酸、バナジン酸ないし珪酸塩等を含む鉱物である。下記表３にリチウムを含有する鉱物をはじめとするリチウム化合物を示す。
【００６７】
【表３】

【００６８】
よって、本発明に用いることのできるリチウム化合物には、こうしたリチウムを含有する鉱物、該鉱物から所定の加工工程を経て製造された燐酸リチウム、珪酸リチウム、炭酸リチウムなどのほか、天然の鹹水から製造（回収）された炭酸リチウムなどのリチウム化合物も含まれるものである。好ましくはリチウム化合物中に占めるリチウム含量比率が大きなものである。具体的にはリチウムを含有する鉱物ないし鹹水から所定の加工工程を経て製造された燐酸リチウム、珪酸リチウム、炭酸リチウムなどである。上記リチウム化合物のなかでも、これら炭酸リチウム、燐酸リチウム、珪酸リチウム、とりわけ炭酸リチウムは抗菌性に優れたものであって、リチウム電池の大量生産に伴い原料資材も安価なものとなっており、リチウム化合物も安価に生産でき、また安全性に優れ、触媒的にプラスチック等に使用した場合でも母材の樹脂等を劣化させることもなく、耐光性、耐熱性にも優れたものである。
【００６９】
こうしたリチウム化合物の製造方法に関しては、特に制限されるものではなく、従来公知の製造技術を適当に利用することで得ることができる。すなわち、炭酸リチウムを例にとれば、（１）採鉱、破砕（粗、中、細）、湿式粉砕（すいひ）、選鉱（重液および浮遊など）を経て得られたリチウム鉱石（リシア輝石、リシア雲母などのアルミノ珪酸塩；本発明のリチウム化合物にはこれらリチウム鉱物も含む。）の粉末を約１１００℃でか焼したのち、硫酸を添加し２５０℃でばい焼して水溶性の硫酸リチウムを生成させる。これを水で浸出し、浸出液にｐＨ調整、精製、濃縮などの操作を加えたのち、炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加して炭酸リチウムの沈澱を析出させ、分離、洗浄、乾燥する方法、（２）濃縮、精製した鹹水に炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加して炭酸リチウムを沈澱させ、これを回収する方法等が利用できる。
【００７０】
また、こうしたリチウム化合物の純度に関しては、例えば、純度９９．９９９％のような高純度でなくてもよく、例えば、炭酸リチウムを例にとれば、原産国である米国などから輸入される際の純度ないしその後の簡単な精製により得られる程度（純度９５．０〜９８．０％程度）であれるほうがむしろ望ましいと言える。これは本発明者が炭酸リチウムにつき実験を行った結果、高純度のものよりも、むしろ若干不純物を含有しているものの方が抗菌性やダイオキシン発生抑制効果が高くなることがわかったためであり、さらにコスト的にも有利である。
【００７１】
上記リチウム化合物の含有量は、複合セラミックスの特性として、揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するように配合されればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するものが望ましく、複合セラミックス全体に対して、通常１０質量％以上、好ましくは１０〜７５質量％、より好ましくは２０〜６０質量％、特に好ましくは２２〜５０質量％の範囲である。複合セラミックス中に占めるリチウム化合物の含有量が１０質量％未満の場合には、リチウム化合物が持つ高い揮発性有機化合物の低減特性や抗菌性、脱臭性等の特性を有効かつ効果的に発揮させることが困難な場合がある。またリチウム化合物を配合した複合セラミックスを有する揮発性有機化合物低減材、さらには該揮発性有機化合物低減材を用いた建材、内装材、家具では、これを廃棄、焼却する際にダイオキシン類の発生を十分に抑制するのが困難な場合がある。また、他の有効成分を併用する際に相乗的な効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある。一方、リチウム化合物の含有量の上限は特に制限されるべきものではないが、７５質量％を超える場合には、他の有効成分の含有量が制限されるため、揮発性有機化合物の低減特性、遠赤外線放射性（＝高い放射率を有する）、マイナスイオン発生能、防カビ特性、脱臭性、抗菌性の全てについてバランスよく、有効かつ効果的に発揮し、かつ焼却時にダイオキシン類およびその前駆体（塩化水素等の塩素化合物や塩素系ガス）の発生抑制作用を発揮するのが困難な場合がある。
【００７２】
なお、上記リチウム化合物のうち、個々の含有量についても特に制限されるべきものではなく、例えば、炭酸リチウムの含有量および燐酸リチウムの含有量は、複合セラミックスの特性として、揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するように配合されればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するものが望ましく、それぞれ複合セラミックス全体に対して、通常１０質量％以上、好ましくは１５〜４０質量％、より好ましくは２０〜３０質量％、特に好ましくは２２〜２５質量％の範囲である。複合セラミックス中に占める個々のリチウム化合物（炭酸リチウム、燐酸リチウム）の含有量が、１０質量％未満の場合には、複合セラミックスを使用した寝具に個々のリチウム化合物が持つ高い揮発性有機化合物の低減特性や抗菌性、脱臭性等の特性を有効かつ効果的に発揮させることが困難な場合がある。また焼却する際にダイオキシン類の発生を十分に抑制するのが困難な場合がある。また、他の有効成分を併用する際に相乗的な効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある。一方、複合セラミックス中に占める個々のリチウム化合物の含有量の上限は特に制限されるべきものではないが、４０質量％を超える場合には、他の有効成分の含有量が制限されるため、揮発性有機化合物の低減特性、遠赤外線放射性（＝高い放射率を有する）、マイナスイオン発生能、防カビ特性、脱臭性、抗菌性の全てについてバランスよく、有効かつ効果的に発揮し、かつ焼却時にダイオキシン類およびその前駆体（塩化水素等の塩素化合物や塩素系ガス）の発生抑制作用を発揮するのが困難な場合がある。
【００７３】
上記複合セラミックスの成分の１つである角閃石は、上記表２に示すとおり、シックハウス症候群の症状を防止するのに欠くことのできない特性である、揮発性有機化合物の吸収・分解率を有し、さらにマイナスイオン発生数（発生能力）及び放射率が極めて高いものである。また、他のセラミックス成分と混合して複合セラミックスにして揮発性有機化合物低減材に用いた場合、および該揮発性有機化合物低減材を建材、内装材、家具などに利用した場合にも、揮発性有機化合物の吸収・分解率、マイナスイオン発生能力及び放射性を高く保持できる。また、角閃石は安定した鉱物であるため、長期間その効力を維持できるものである。
【００７４】
上記角閃石の含有量は、複合セラミックスの特性として、揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するように配合されればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するものが望ましく、複合セラミックス全体に対して、通常１０〜８０質量％、好ましくは１５〜７５質量％、より好ましくは２０〜６０質量％、特に好ましくは２２〜５０質量％の範囲である。角閃石の含有量が１０質量％未満の場合には、角閃石の持つ高い放射率やマイナスイオン発生数（発生能力）の特性を有効かつ効果的に発揮させるのが困難な場合がある。また、他の有効成分である蛇紋石や苦灰石、シリカ、酸化チタン、リチウム化合物等との併用に際し、相乗的な効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある。一方、角閃石の含有量が８０質量％を超える場合には、他の有効成分である蛇紋石や苦灰石、シリカ、酸化チタン、リチウム化合物等の含有量が制限されるため、角閃石が持ち合わせていない高い揮発性有機化合物の低減特性や抗菌性、脱臭性を十分に補填することが困難となる場合があり、揮発性有機化合物の低減特性、マイナスイオン発生数（発生能力）、放射率、防カビ特性、抗菌率および脱臭率といった諸特性をバランスよく、効果的に発揮するのが困難な場合がある。
【００７５】
上記複合セラミックスの成分の１つであるシリカ（ケイ酸塩鉱物を含む）は、下記表２に示すとおり、放射率及び脱臭率が極めて高い値を示している。そのため、他のセラミックス成分と混合して複合セラミックスにして揮発性有機化合物低減材に用いた場合、および該揮発性有機化合物低減材を建材、内装材、家具などに利用した場合にも、放射性及び脱臭率を比較的高く保持できるものである。
【００７６】
上記シリカの含有量は、複合セラミックスの特性として、揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するように配合されればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するものが望ましく、複合セラミックス全体に対して、通常１０質量％以下、好ましくは５質量％以下、より好ましくは１〜３質量％の範囲である。シリカの含有量が１質量％未満の場合には、シリカの持つ高い放射性及び脱臭力を有効かつ効果的に発揮させるのが困難な場合がある。また、他の有効成分である蛇紋石や苦灰石、角閃石、酸化チタン、リチウム化合物等との併用に際し、相乗的な効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある。一方、シリカの含有量が１０質量％を超える場合には、他の有効成分である蛇紋石や苦灰石、角閃石、酸化チタン、リチウム化合物等の含有量が制限されるため、シリカが持ち合わせていない高い揮発性有機化合物の低減特性やマイナスイオン発生能力や抗菌性等を十分に補填することが困難となる場合があり、揮発性有機化合物の低減特性、マイナスイオン発生数（発生能力）、放射率、防カビ特性、抗菌率および脱臭率といった諸特性をバランスよく、効果的に発揮するのが困難な場合がある。
【００７７】
上記複合セラミックスの成分の１つである酸化チタンは、下記表２に示すとおり、放射率が最も高く、さらに表２の欄外に記載したように活性率１００％を有するものである。そのため、他のセラミックス成分と混合して複合セラミックスにして揮発性有機化合物低減材に用いた場合、および該揮発性有機化合物低減材を建材、内装材、家具などに利用した場合にも、放射性を比較的高く保持できるものである。上記酸化チタンには、チタン鉱物などを含んでいてもよい。
【００７８】
上記酸化チタンの含有量は、複合セラミックスの特性として、揮発性有機化合物の低減率（吸収分解率）が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するように配合されればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するものが望ましく、複合セラミックス全体に対して、通常５質量％以下、好ましくは３質量％以下、より好ましくは２質量％以下、特に好ましくは０．５〜１．５質量％の範囲である。酸化チタンの含有量が０．５質量％未満の場合には、酸化チタンの持つ高い放射率及び活性率を有効かつ効果的に発揮させるのが困難な場合がある。また、他の有効成分である蛇紋石や苦灰石、角閃石、シリカ、リチウム化合物等との併用に際し、相乗的な効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある。一方、酸化チタンの含有量が５質量％を超える場合には、他の有効成分である蛇紋石や苦灰石、角閃石、シリカ、リチウム化合物等の含有量が制限されるため、酸化チタンが持ち合わせていない高い揮発性有機化合物の低減特性やマイナスイオン発生能力や抗菌性等を十分に補填することが困難となる場合があり、揮発性有機化合物の低減特性、マイナスイオン発生数（発生能力）、放射率、防カビ特性、抗菌率および脱臭率といった諸特性をバランスよく、効果的に発揮するのが困難な場合がある。
【００７９】
上記複合セラミックスの成分としては、上記表２には例示していないが、この他にも花崗斑石、石英閃緑石、千枚石、凝灰石、酸化カルシウム、石灰石、ジルコニア系鉱物、電気石、マグネシアなどの機能性無機粒子を必要に応じて適量使用してもよい。また、角閃石と同様の放射率、マイナスイオン発生数を有するものであれば、カミントン閃石、チロディ閃石、ガリュネル閃石、透内石、藍内石、クロス閃石、リーベック閃石、ケルスート閃石、直閃石、緑内石などを用いることもできる。
【００８０】
上記任意成分である他のセラミックス成分の含有量は、本発明の複合セラミックスの有用な効果を損なわない範囲内において、これら任意のセラミックスの成分が有する機能が十分に発現し得る範囲内で適宜決定すればよく、特に制限されるべきものではない。
【００８１】
なお、本発明の複合セラミックスの各成分の含有量を示したが、これらは如何なる組み合わせであれ、複合セラミックス全体の総和は、１００質量％である。
【００８２】
また、上記複合セラミックスの形態としては、特に制限されるものではなく、該複合セラミックスを有する揮発性有機化合物低減材の実施形態、例えば、（１）建材、内装材、家具材の内部に直接含有、含浸、圧入、混練、混合、混入、注入、挿入等等して用いるような場合；（２）建材、内装材、家具材の表面に担持、固着、圧着、接着、塗着、嵌着等して用いるような場合；（３）建材、内装材、家具材の一部を構成するように板状等に成形加工して用いるような場合；（４）建材、内装材、家具に使用する接着剤、防蟻剤、可塑剤、防腐剤、脱臭剤、塗料などとして用いるような場合など、により異なるものであり、例えば、微粉末状、粉末状、粒状（球状）、棒状（角柱状、円柱状）、円錐状、板状、円筒状、楕円状、ペレット状（球形状、円柱形状または角柱形状に造粒した成形材料）、無定形状等の形態を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【００８３】
また、本発明に用いられる複合セラミックスの大きさ（粒度）は、上記した揮発性有機化合物低減材の使用形態に応じて適宜決定されるものであり、特に制限されるものではない。
【００８４】
例えば、揮発性有機化合物低減材を上記（１）の実施態様で用いる場合、例えば、壁紙用の母材樹脂に混練ないし混合したり、合板等の原料木材に含浸、圧入したりする場合には、複合セラミックスの粒度は、通常５〜７４μｍ、好ましくは５〜５０μｍ、より好ましくは５〜１５μｍの範囲である。複合セラミックスの粒度が７４μｍを越える場合には、建材や内装材に含有等させるのが困難となるおそれがある。一方、５μｍ未満の場合には、複合セラミックスの微粉末化が困難であり、製造コストが嵩むほか、取り扱い時に飛散するなどの問題を招くおそれがある。
【００８５】
揮発性有機化合物低減材を上記（２）の実施態様で用いる場合、例えば、繊維板、カーペットや布張りのイスなどの繊維材に使用（例えば、繊維を紡糸する際に、繊維原料の母材樹脂ないしそのマスターバッチ中に該複合セラミックスを混合した後に紡糸する方法等が挙げられる。）したり、繊維表面に担持させるような場合を例にとれば、複合セラミックスの粒度は、通常０．１〜５．０μｍ、好ましくは０．５〜３．０μｍ、より好ましくは０．５〜１．０μｍの範囲である。上記使用例の場合に複合セラミックスの粒度が５．０μｍを越える場合には、繊維材への使用が困難となったり、繊維表面への担持が困難となる。一方、０．１μｍ未満の場合には、複合セラミックスの微粉末化が困難であり、製造コストが嵩むほか、取り扱い時に飛散するなどの問題を招くおそれがある。
【００８６】
揮発性有機化合物低減材を上記（３）の実施態様で用いる場合、例えば、建材の断熱材やボードに適当なバインダーを加えるなどして加圧や加熱成形して用いる場合には、複合セラミックスの粒度は、通常通常５〜７４μｍ、好ましくは５〜５０μｍ、より好ましくは５〜１５μｍの範囲である。複合セラミックスの粒度が７４μｍを越える場合には、建材や内装材の一部を構成するように板状等に成形加工するのが困難となるおそれがある。一方、５μｍ未満の場合には、複合セラミックスの微粉末化が困難であり、製造コストが嵩むほか、取り扱い時に飛散するなどの問題を招くおそれがある。
【００８７】
揮発性有機化合物低減材を上記（４）の実施態様で用いる場合には、既存の無機系充填剤等の微粉末と同程度であればよく、複合セラミックスの粒度は、通常０．１〜５．０μｍ、好ましくは０．５〜３．０μｍ、より好ましくは０．５〜１．０μｍの範囲である。複合セラミックスの粒度が５．０μｍを越える場合には、例えば、接着剤の場合には、接着強度の低下や接着剤中への添加混合が困難となるなど本来的な機能が低下するおそれがある。一方、０．１μｍ未満の場合には、複合セラミックスの微粉末化が困難であり、製造コストが嵩むほか、取り扱い時に飛散するなどの問題を招くおそれがある。
【００８８】
本発明の複合セラミックスに用いられる代表的な配合例を表４に示すと共に、これら配合例での放射率、マイナスイオン発生数、吸収・分解率、防カビ特性、脱臭性および抗菌性を測定し、これらの測定結果を下記表５に示す。これらの複合セラミックスの配合成分のうち、上記表２に示すように蛇紋石では、揮発性有機化合物の吸収分解率が８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９５％以上という高い値を有するように配合されればよいが、さらに放射率、脱臭性および抗菌性がいずれも８０％以上、好ましくは９０％以上、より好ましくは９３％以上、マイナスイオン発生数が２５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、好ましくは３００ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、より好ましくは４５０ケ／ｃｃ／ｓｅｃ以上、防カビ特性評価が３である、という高い値を有するため、複合セラミックスとして単体で使用することもできるが、通常、これらのセラミックス成分を所定の比率で混合して複合セラミックスとすることによってその特性が増し、多機能性を付与することができるものである。
【００８９】
【表４】

【００９０】
【表５】

【００９１】
上記表５の放射率、マイナスイオン発生数、吸収分解率、防カビ特性、脱臭率、抗菌率の測定方法は、上記表２において説明したと同様である。
【００９２】
上記表５に示すように、これらの特性を有する所定の比率に複合セラミックスを加工することによって各鉱物の固有に持っている特性をバランスよく高めることができる。
【００９３】
本発明の揮発性有機化合物低減材は、上記複合セラミックスを有するものであればよく、複合セラミックス単独であっても良いし、さらに必要に応じて、他の添加剤等が配合されていてもよい。例えば、微粉化された各セラミックス成分に、金紅石、鋲錐石、硅石などの改質助剤を添加して磨鉱するなどの加工を施して揮発性有機化合物低減材としてもよいなど、特に制限されるべきものではない。
【００９４】
また、本発明の揮発性有機化合物低減材は、シックハウス症候群対策処理剤として、単体で用いてもよいし、あるいは揮発性有機化合物が含まれている、合板などの接着剤、防蟻剤、木材保存剤、塗料、防腐剤、接着剤（の母材に対して添加混入ないし配合して揮発性有機化合物低減材含有材料として用いてもよいし、こうした建材、内装材、家具等に直接担持ないし塗布加工等するなどして用いてもよし、これらを併用しても良いなど特に制限されるべきものではない。これらによって、ホルムアルデヒド等の揮発性有機化合物を吸収・分解する等の作用によって大幅に低減ことができる。
【００９５】
上述してなる揮発性有機化合物低減材の製造方法としては、特に制限されるものではなく、建材、内装材、家具材に使用したり、これらの表面に担持させるような場合には、所望の粒度（０．１〜５．０μｍ）に微粉化した各セラミックス微粉末成分を適当に混合しただけでもよいし、さらに必要に応じて、例えば、微粉化された各セラミックス成分に、金紅石、鋲錐石、硅石などの改質助剤を添加して磨鉱するなどの加工を施してもよい。さらに、接着等により建材、内装材、家具材に揮発性有機化合物低減材を固着するような場合には、例えば、所望の粒度（１．０〜５．０ｍｍ程度）に粉砕加工をしてなる各セラミックス粒子成分を適当に混合しただけでもよいし、各セラミックス微粉末成分を所定の比率で加え、さらに必要に応じて、適当な結合剤や揮散成分（水を含む）を加えて混合し、所定の粒度に成形（造粒）後、か焼して製造しても良い。
【００９６】
複合セラミックスの製造方法に用いることのできる上記揮散成分としては、特に制限されるものではなく、か焼する際に蒸発ないし熱分解により揮散する成分として分離されるものであれば適宜利用する事ができる。具体的には、か焼する際に蒸発ないし熱分解により揮散される、置換基を有していても良い芳香族化合物などの低分子量の炭化水素化合物等を使用することができるが、好ましくは、常温で固体の昇華性を有するものであり、さらに好ましくは、不快臭がなく人体に無害なものが設計上および取り扱い上、さらには環境上有利である。こうした揮散成分としては、例えば、ナフタリン、アントラセン、アントラキノン等が挙げられる。なお、これらは１種単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を混合して使用しても良い。
【００９７】
上記揮散成分の含有量は、複合セラミックス原料全体に対して、０．１〜２０質量％、好ましくは０．３〜２０質量％、より好ましくは０．５〜１０質量％の範囲であることが望ましい。揮散成分の含有量が０．１質量％未満の場合には、揮発成分の含有目的である複合セラミックスの多孔質化が十分でなくなる場合がある。一方、揮散成分の含有量が２０質量％を超える場合には、気孔が多くなりすぎるため、必要な強度を保持することが困難であるばかりか、か焼時に大量のガスが発生するため、このガス圧により材料が変形したり、クラックが生じ、ひどい場合には破損する事があるなど好ましくない。
【００９８】
また、水を加える場合には、水の使用量は、結合剤の使用の有無によっても異なるが、複合セラミックス原料全体に対して、５〜２５質量％、好ましくは８〜１５質量％、より好ましくは８〜１０質量％の範囲である。水の配合量が、５質量％未満の場合には、十分なスラリー化ができず、いわば、ぱさぱさの状態に留まるため、取り扱い上、成形加工性が十分に得られず、乾燥中やか焼中に型くずれを起こす場合があるなど好ましくなく、一方、２５質量％部を超える場合には、粘性が低く流動性が高く成りすぎるため、成形加工性が得られず、所望の形状に造粒することができず好ましくない。
【００９９】
揮発性有機化合物低減材の製造方法に用いることのできる結合剤としては、特に制限されるものではなく、従来公知のものを利用することができ、具体的にはシリカおよび／またはアルミナを主成分とする粘土鉱物を含むものが望ましい。ただし、結合剤を用いなくとも十分に造粒し得るため、結合剤を必ずしも使用しなくてもよい。
【０１００】
上記結合剤を加える場合には、結合剤の使用量は、結合剤の使用の有無によっても異なるが、複合セラミックス原料全体に対して、１．０〜５．０質量％、好ましくは１．０〜３．０質量％、より好ましくは１．０〜２．０質量％の範囲である。結合剤の配合量が、１．０質量％未満の場合には、結合剤の添加目的であるセラミックス同士の結合力が十分得られにくく、型くずれを起こすおそれがある。一方、５．０質量％部を超える場合には、セラミックス成分量が制限されるため、有効かつ効果的に機能させる上で、より多くの複合セラミックスが必要となるおそれがある。
【０１０１】
次に、所定の粒度（１．０〜５．０ｍｍ程度）を有する成形体を製造する場合には、上記複合セラミックス原料を上記に規定する比率にて混合し、所定の粒度に成形（造粒）後、か焼するものである。
【０１０２】
混合条件および混合装置に関しては、特に制限されるものではなく、従来公知の撹拌ないし混合装置、例えば、水平円筒形混合機（内設羽根付き）、Ｖ型混合機（撹拌羽根付き）、二重円錐型混合機、リボン型混合機、単軸ロッドまたはピン付きローター型混合機、複軸パドル型混合機（パグミル）、円錐型スクリュー混合機、高速流動型混合機、回転円板型混合機、マラー型混合機、気流撹拌型混合機、無撹拌型混合機、双腕型捏和機、インターナルミキサー、３本ロールミキサー、連続式マラー捏和機、コニーダー、ボテーター型捏和機、セルフクリーニング型捏和機等を適当に利用して行うことができるものであるが、これらの代表的な例示装置に限定されるものでないことは言うまでもない。原料の混合により、原料成分が均一に混合されていればよい。
【０１０３】
次に、所定の形状に成形するための形成条件および成形装置に関しても、特に制限されるものではなく、目的の複合セラミックスの形態等に応じて、従来公知のセラミック加工等に使われる成形装置、例えば、押出プレスなどにより材料を型から押し出す押出成形法、材料を型に付着させる浸シ成型法、プレス成形機、ホットプレスなどにより材料を型に入れ型打ち成形やプレス成形（圧縮成形）を行う型打ち成型法、スリップ鋳込等により材料を型に入れる鋳込成形法等を適当に利用して行うことができるものであるが、粒状物形態のものを成型しまたは造粒等する場合には、捏和装置を利用して、上記混合操作と当該成形操作を連続かつ一体的に処理することが望ましい。本発明の揮発性有機化合物低減材の製造方法では、上記成形過程で十分に加圧成形する事が可能となる点で有利である。すなわち、所望の強度になるように加圧成形しても、該成形体中に存在する揮散成分（水を含む）が、乾燥ないしか焼時に蒸発ないし揮散することで、多孔質化が容易になされるためである。
【０１０４】
次に、水を用いる場合では、乾燥条件として、成形加工により得られた成形体中の水分がほぼ完全に取り除かれた状態になる温度でか焼前に乾燥を行うことが望ましい。具体的には、乾燥温度は、６０〜９５℃、好ましくは６５〜８５℃、より好ましくは７０〜８０℃の範囲であり、乾燥時間は、１〜３時間、好ましくは１．５〜２時間である。乾燥温度が６０℃未満の場合またはか焼時間が１時間未満の場合には、十分な乾燥が行えず好ましくない。一方、乾燥温度が９５℃を超える場合または乾燥時間が３時間を超える場合には、既に十分な乾燥が行え手織、更なる乾燥に見合う効果が得られないため不経済である。なお、乾燥後の水分含有量は、２重量％以下、好ましくは１重量％未満とされている事が望ましい。
【０１０５】
次に、か焼条件としては、成形加工により得られた成形体中の揮散成分（水を含む）が完全に取り除かれ、また結合剤が十分に融着可能な状態になる温度であればよい。具体的には、か焼温度は、５００〜７５０℃、好ましくは５００〜６５０℃の範囲であり、か焼時間は、１〜３時間、好ましくは１〜２時間である。か焼温度が５００℃未満の場合またはか焼時間が１時間未満の場合には、十分な強度が得られなかったり、多孔質化が図れず好ましくない。一方、か焼温度が７５０℃を超える場合またはか焼時間が３時間を超える場合には、十分な強度及び多孔質化は図れるが、原料の一部が分解されて、活性点が減少するなど、好ましくない。
【０１０６】
また、か焼装置としては、特に制限されるものではなく、従来公知の加熱装置の他に、加熱手段を有する成形装置や混練装置等を適宜利用して行うことができる。
【０１０７】
本発明の揮発性有機化合物低減材は、上記複合セラミックスを単独で利用することができる。例えば、壁紙などの内装材に該複合セラミックスの微粉末からなる揮発性有機化合物低減材を担持または含有させることができる。また、接着剤、防蟻剤、可塑剤、防腐剤、脱臭剤、揮発性有機化合物吸着剤、塗料などの薬剤に既存の無機添加剤と同様にして上記複合セラミックスを添加して用いてることもできる。例えば、合板などに用いる既存の接着剤や塗料に複合セラミックスを含有させてなる揮発性有機化合物低減材を用いることもできる。このように、本発明の揮発性有機化合物低減材は、極めて適用範囲が広く、戸建て住宅やマンションなどの室内に使われる建材や内装材をはじめ、こうした住宅やマンションの室内におかれる家具などにも幅広く利用することができるものである。
【０１０８】
次に、本発明に係る揮発性有機化合物低減材につき、以下説明する。
【０１０９】
本発明に係る複合セラミックスを有する揮発性有機化合物低減材の実施形態としては、特に制限されるべきものではない。例えば、（１）建材、内装材、家具材の内部に直接含有、含浸、圧入、混練、混合、混入、注入、挿入等等して用いるような場合、（２）建材、内装材、家具材の表面（外表面、内表面＝接着貼合せ面）ないし内面（内部積層面）に担持、固着、圧着、接着、塗着、嵌着等して用いるような場合、（３）建材、内装材、家具材の一部を構成するように、その原料母材（組成物）に配合剤として添加し、所望の形状，例えば、板状等に成形加工して用いるような場合、（４）建材、内装材、家具に使用する接着剤、防蟻剤、可塑剤、防腐剤、脱臭剤、塗料などとして用いるべく、これらの接着剤などの原料組成物に添加して接着剤などとして用いるような場合などが挙げられるが、これらに制限されるべきものではない。
【０１１０】
揮発性有機化合物低減材の用途の１つは、上記揮発性有機化合物低減材を有していることを特徴とする薬剤である。かかる薬剤としては、建材等に含まれる、あるいは建材や内装材等の施工途中で使用する、接着剤、防蟻剤、木材保存剤、塗料、防腐剤等が挙げられる。特に、揮発性有機化合物が含まれてなる薬剤に、本発明の揮発性有機化合物低減材を添加配合することで、建材や内装材を施工した後で、揮発性有機化合物が放出される前に好適に吸収分解することができる。
【０１１１】
薬剤中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量は、各薬品に用いられる揮発性有機化合物の含有量や各薬品の実施態様等によっても異なるが、揮発性有機化合物の放出濃度を法定基準値以下に低減し、さらに必要に応じて上記表５に示す他の諸特性をも有効に発現し得るものであればよく、前記薬剤全体に対して、通常３〜５０質量％、好ましくは３〜１５質量％、より好ましくは３〜１０質量％、更に好ましくは３〜５質量％の範囲である。複合セラミックスの含有量が３質量％未満の場合には揮発性有機化合物の放出濃度を十分に低減できないおそれがあり、一方、複合セラミックスの含有量が５０質量％を超える場合には、薬品本来の性能を損なうおそれがある。
【０１１２】
なお、上記接着剤、防蟻剤、木材保存剤、塗料、防腐剤における上記揮発性有機化合物低減材以外の他の成分構成などに関しては、特に制限されるべきものではなく、従来公知のものを適宜利用することができるものである。これら薬剤に含まれている揮発性有機化合物としては、例えば、合板、パーティクルボード、グラスウール、フローリング、ビニル壁紙、天井材などの接着剤には、発ガン性物質であるホルムアルデヒド等が用いられており、油性ニス、木工ボンド、一液ウレタン樹脂系接着剤、酢酸ビニル樹脂系エマルジョン形接着剤などの塗料や接着剤の溶剤（揮発性溶剤）には、トルエン、キシレン等が用いられており、アルキド樹脂塗料、アクリル樹脂塗料などの接着剤や塗料の溶剤（揮発性溶剤）には、キシレンなどが用いられており、シロアリ駆除のための木材処理や土壌処置に使われる防蟻剤（特に、現場処理・薬剤注入）には、有機リン系のクロルピリホスなどが用いられており、壁紙、フローリングなどの加工に利用されている可塑剤には、フタル酸エステルなどが用いられている。これらの揮発性有機化合物を含有する薬剤に対して、本発明の揮発性有機化合物低減材は、いずれも吸収・分解等の作用により、その濃度を低減することができるものであり、シックハウス症候群の発症を防止することができるものである。
【０１１３】
揮発性有機化合物低減材の用途の１つは、該揮発性有機化合物低減材を有していることを特徴とする建材、内装材および家具である。これらの用途に用いることにより、シックハウス症候群の発症を効果的に防止することができるものである。
【０１１４】
ここで、建材には、例えば、普通合板、構造用合板、特殊合板などの合板；繊維板、パーティクルボード、壁ボード、グラスウール、断熱材、フローリング、建具、ドア枠、巾木、天井の周り縁、化粧柱、これらの下地などが挙げられるが、これらに制限されるべきものではない。
【０１１５】
かかる建材中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量は、以下に示す使用態様などによっても異なるが、通常５〜２０ｇ／ｍ^２、好ましくは５〜１５ｇ／ｍ^２、より好ましくは５〜１０ｇ／ｍ^２の範囲であることが望ましい。複合セラミックスの含有量が５ｇ／ｍ^２未満の場合には、揮発性有機化合物の低減効果が十分に発現し得ない場合がある。一方、複合セラミックスの含有量が２０ｇ／ｍ^２を超える場合には、揮発性有機化合物の低減効果は得られるものの、建材が重くなるため、住宅設計上、増加した荷重に対して十分な設計強度を持たせるのに必要な部材を用いる必要があるなど、余分な制約を受けるおそれがあるほか、取り扱いにくくなる。
【０１１６】
また、建材中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量は、揮発性有機化合物の代表的な化学物質であるホルムアルデヒドの室内濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０８ｐｐｍ以下に保たれるように含有されていることを特徴とするものである。これらの濃度の測定は、ＪＩＳ（日本工業規格）やＪＡＳ（日本農林規格）が定めた室内汚染物質基準にある測定法に準じて実験的に求めても良いし、さらに建材を使用した住宅を用いて行っても良い。例えば、新築住宅に本発明の建材を用いた室内空気中の化学物質の測定は、室内空気中の揮発性有機化合物の最大濃度を推定するためのもので、３０分換気後に対象室内を５時間以上密閉し、その後概ね３０分間採取して測定した濃度で表わす。一方、居住住宅に本発明の建材を用いた室内空気中の化学物質の測定は、居住、平常時における揮発性有機化合物の存在量や暴露量を推定するためのもので、２４時間採取して測定した濃度で表わす。空気試料の採取場所は、居間、寝室の２箇所、および室外の１箇所の計３箇所とする。室内濃度の値は、居間あるいは寝室における高い室内の値を評価の対象とする。
【０１１７】
好ましくは、建材中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量が、上記ホルムアルデヒド濃度に加えて、トルエン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０７ｐｐｍ以下、キシレン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．２０ｐｐｍ以下、パラジクロロベンゼン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０４ｐｐｍ以下に保たれるように含有されていることが望ましい。
【０１１８】
ホルムアルデヒドは、ＤＮＰＨ誘導体化固相吸着／溶媒抽出−高速液体クロマトグラフ法による。その他の揮発性有機化合物は、固相吸着／溶媒抽出法、固相吸着／加熱脱着法または容器採取法とガスクロマトグラフ／質量分析法の組み合わせにより行うことができるが、これらに制限されるものではない。
【０１１９】
また、内装材には、例えば、壁紙、カーペット、カーペットパッドなどが挙げられるが、これらに制限されるべきものではない。また、本発明の内装材は、住宅などの室内のほか、自動車や航空機などの車内や機内にも適用可能である。
【０１２０】
かかる内装材中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量は、以下に示す使用態様などによっても異なるが、通常５〜２０ｇ／ｍ^２、好ましくは５〜１５ｇ／ｍ^２、より好ましくは５〜１０ｇ／ｍ^２の範囲であることが望ましい。複合セラミックスの含有量が５ｇ／ｍ^２未満の場合には、揮発性有機化合物の低減効果が十分に発現し得ない場合がある。一方、複合セラミックスの含有量が２０ｇ／ｍ^２を超える場合には、揮発性有機化合物の低減効果は得られるものの、内装材が重くなるため取り扱いにくくなるほか、接着強度を高める必要があり、より多くの接着剤をｐ用いる必要があり、揮発性有機化合物の使用量の増加につながるおそれがある。
【０１２１】
また、内装材中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量は、揮発性有機化合物の代表的な化学物質であるホルムアルデヒドの室内濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０８ｐｐｍ以下に保たれるように含有されていることを特徴とするものである。これらの濃度の測定は、ＪＩＳ（日本工業規格）やＪＡＳ（日本農林規格）あるいは壁紙などではインテリア材料のガイドラインとしてＩＳＭという基準があり、これらで定めた室内汚染物質基準にある測定法に準じて実験的に求めても良いし、さらに内装材を使用した住宅を用いて行っても良い。例えば、新築住宅に本発明の内装材を用いた室内空気中の化学物質の測定は、室内空気中の揮発性有機化合物の最大濃度を推定するためのもので、３０分換気後に対象室内を５時間以上密閉し、その後概ね３０分間採取して測定した濃度で表わす。一方、居住住宅に本発明の内装材を用いた室内空気中の化学物質の測定は、居住、平常時における揮発性有機化合物の存在量や暴露量を推定するためのもので、２４時間採取して測定した濃度で表わす。空気試料の採取場所は、居間、寝室の２箇所、および室外の１箇所の計３箇所とする。室内濃度の値は、居間あるいは寝室における高い室内の値を評価の対象とする。
【０１２２】
好ましくは、内装材中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量が、上記ホルムアルデヒド濃度に加えて、トルエン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０７ｐｐｍ以下、キシレン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．２０ｐｐｍ以下、パラジクロロベンゼン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０４ｐｐｍ以下に保たれるように含有されていることが望ましい。
【０１２３】
ホルムアルデヒドは、ＤＮＰＨ誘導体化固相吸着／溶媒抽出−高速液体クロマトグラフ法による。その他の揮発性有機化合物は、固相吸着／溶媒抽出法、固相吸着／加熱脱着法または容器採取法とガスクロマトグラフ／質量分析法の組み合わせにより行うことができるが、これらに制限されるものではない。
【０１２４】
さらに、家具には、例えば、箪笥、テーブル、布張りのイス、机、木製本棚、家具調コタツなどが挙げられるが、これらに制限されるべきものではない。
【０１２５】
かかる家具中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量は、以下に示す使用態様などによっても異なるが、通常５〜２０ｇ／ｍ^２、好ましくは５〜１５ｇ／ｍ^２、より好ましくは５〜１０ｇ／ｍ^２の範囲であることが望ましい。複合セラミックスの含有量が５ｇ／ｍ^２未満の場合には、揮発性有機化合物の低減効果が十分に発現し得ない場合がある。一方、複合セラミックスの含有量が２０ｇ／ｍ^２を超える場合には、揮発性有機化合物の低減効果は得られるものの、家具が重くなるため取り扱いにくくなる。
【０１２６】
また、家具中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量は、揮発性有機化合物の代表的な化学物質であるホルムアルデヒドの室内濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０８ｐｐｍ以下に保たれるように含有されていることを特徴とするものである。好ましくは、建材中の有効成分である複合セラミックスの含有量が、上記ホルムアルデヒド濃度に加えて、トルエン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０７ｐｐｍ以下、キシレン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．２０ｐｐｍ以下、パラジクロロベンゼン濃度を室温２５℃で１ｍ^３中０．０４ｐｐｍ以下に保たれるように含有されていることが望ましい。これらの濃度の測定は、上記建材等と同様にして行うことができるため、ここの説明は省略する。
【０１２７】
また、これら建材、内装材、家具に揮発性有機化合物低減材を有するとは、いかなる使用態様であるかを問わないものである。例えば、（１）建材、内装材、家具材に含有、含浸、圧入、混練、混合、混入、注入、挿入等して用いるような場合、（２）建材、内装材、家具材の表面に担持、固着、圧着、接着、塗着、嵌着等して用いるような場合、（３）建材、内装材、家具材の一部を構成するように板状等に成形加工して用いるような場合、（４）建材、内装材、家具に使用する接着剤、防蟻剤、可塑剤、防腐剤、脱臭剤、塗料などとして用いるような場合が挙げられるが、これらに制限されるべきものではない。
【０１２８】
また、本発明の建材、内装材、家具には、上記使用態様のほか、さらに、これらを住宅に施工する際に用いる、揮発性有機化合物低減材を含有してなる接着剤や塗料などの薬剤を含めてもよい。
【０１２９】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例により具体的に説明する。
【０１３０】
表４に示す配合組成の複合セラミックス１〜７からなる揮発性有機化合物低減材１〜７を用いて、下記表６に示す揮発性有機化合物に対する低減効果を実験的に測定した。詳しくは、シックハウス症候群の原因の一つとされる化学物質であるホルムアルデヒド、ベンゼン、クロロホルム、キシレン、アセトンにつき、それぞれの濃度低減率を測定した。各化学物質を含有する製品（接着剤など）を容器（デシケータ）の底部に適当量入れ、常温で５分間放置後、容器内からガス成分を採取し、各化学物質の濃度を測定し、これを「複合セラミックス作用前の濃度」とした。次に、該容器（デシケータ）の適当な位置に本発明の試料（粒度２ｍｍの粗粒の複合セラミックス１〜７）を載置したフィルターを素早く置き、常温で５分間放置後、容器内からガス成分を採取し、各化学物質濃度を測定し、「複合セラミックス作用×経時５分後の濃度」とした。各化学物質の濃度測定は、ガスクロマトグラフィにより行った。複合セラミックス１〜７の測定結果は、ほぼ同様の結果を示したため、これらの平均値を下記表６に示した。
【０１３１】
【表６】

【０１３２】
【発明の効果】
本発明の複合セラミックスを有する揮発性有機化合物低減材は、総揮発性有機化合物に対して有効に吸収分解等することにより、その濃度を大幅に低減することができるものである。そのため、シックハウス症候群の原因物質である揮発性有機化合物の発生源となる塗料、建材、家具、壁紙、接着剤などに対して利用することで、効果的に揮発性有機化合物を吸収分解することのできる、画期的なものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are substances causing sick house syndrome, which are considered to be absorbed and decomposed by volatile organic compounds (VOC). TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a novel volatile organic compound reducing material capable of reducing the emission amount of methane and its use.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Due to indoor air pollution caused by chemical substances in various new and renovated houses and buildings due to high airtightness of buildings and use of building materials and interior materials that dissipate chemical substances, various illnesses of residents have occurred Has been reported many times. It is called sick house syndrome because the symptoms are diverse, the mechanism of symptom occurrence, many unclear parts, and various possible factors. This sick house syndrome has been known in offices in the United States and Europe since the 1940s under the name of Sick Building Syndrome. In Japan, it often occurs in houses and is called sick house syndrome (or indoor air pollution, chemical sensitivity, etc.).
[0003]
In particular, while homes have become highly insulated and airtight, and air conditioners and new building materials have become more comfortable, sick house syndrome has become apparent, and interest in healthy homes has been increasing. Many of them contain chemical substances (volatile organic compounds) such as formaldehyde, toluene, xylene, and chlorpyrifos contained in adhesives and paints for building materials such as plywood, vinyl wallpaper, flooring base materials, etc. Has been pointed out. In particular, formaldehyde is widely used as an adhesive, paint, preservative, and the like for building materials and furniture, and is considered to be the main cause of sick house syndrome. Formaldehyde is a substance which has been very commonly used as an adhesive for paints, building materials, furniture, interior materials (wallpaper, etc.) because of its excellent reactivity, heat stability, and economy. However, these substances are colorless gases with an irritating odor and are easy to dissipate into the air, and when the concentration in the air is high, they can irritate the eyes and throat, cause tears to come out, and inhale with the air. Causes various symptoms such as edema inflammation. Specifically, as diagnostic criteria for sick house syndrome, irritation of mucous membranes of the bulbar conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, throat, lips, etc., dryness, abnormal skin, reduced concentration, headache, breathlessness, irritability, dizziness, nausea Symptoms appear alone or in combination. Therefore, when these symptoms appear due to moving to a new house or remodeling, it is possible that sick house syndrome is present.
[0004]
Generally, the greatest prevention of sick house syndrome is to keep harmful chemicals out of the room. For this reason, development of building materials and furniture that do not use such volatile organic compounds has been promoted. However, in fact, building materials and furniture that do not use such volatile organic compounds have not been found yet. Therefore, in the present situation, when moving to a new home or purchasing new furniture, it is the current situation that volatile organic compounds contained in these are released and ventilation is performed. Since the emission of organic compounds is slow and continues to evaporate even after ventilation, it cannot be a sufficient countermeasure.
[0005]
Furthermore, as the sick house syndrome that occurs in newly built buildings has become a social problem, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has determined that formaldehyde, a chemical substance that is one of the causes when building new schools or department stores or renovating large scale, Measurement is required, and the national guideline value (1m ³ (0.08 ppm or less), it has been reported that a policy was decided to take improvement measures. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, new building schools, hotels, department stores, students, employees, guests and visitors at newly built schools, hotels and department stores, due to the use of many new building materials containing a lot of chemical substances and the increase of airtight buildings. When customers are complaining of health damage one after another, when building new construction or major renovation, if formaldehyde concentration in indoor air is measured before use and it exceeds the national guideline, They decided to take improvement measures. There are other chemicals that have been linked to sick house syndrome, such as toluene and xylene, but it has been reported that this time only formaldehyde was used, because it is the most widely used in building materials and furniture. In addition, it is reported that the relevant governmental and ministerial ordinances of the Building Sanitation Management Law will be drastically revised in order to prevent health damage caused by Legionella bacteria that will breed in building pipes and cause pneumonia if infected. Building materials having antibacterial properties against bacteria are expected.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to reduce the emission amount of a volatile organic compound (harmful substance) such as formaldehyde, which is pointed out to be associated with sick house syndrome, by absorbing and decomposing the volatile organic compound. A novel agent for treating sick house syndrome comprising (ceramics) and its use.
[0007]
Furthermore, the object of the present invention, in addition to the above objects, is to prevent far-infrared radiation (= having a high emissivity) and negative ion generating ability so as to further prevent health damage in a room or in a car and to further promote health. It is intended to provide a novel volatile organic compound reducing material containing a mineral (ceramics), which can express a good balance of antifungal property, deodorizing property and antibacterial property, and its use.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has conducted intensive studies on a novel volatile organic compound reducing material and its use in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, has found that a volatile organic compound (hazardous substance) such as formaldehyde can be absorbed and decomposed. By finding minerals (ceramics) that can be formed, it has been found that the emission amount of volatile organic compounds can be reduced by appropriately combining (compositing) these minerals (ceramics), and the present invention has been completed. It is. Furthermore, it has been found that by appropriately combining (compositing) these minerals (ceramics), it is possible to have many other properties useful for improving the indoor environment, such as antibacterial properties, deodorizing properties, and negative ion generating ability. Thus, the present invention has been completed.
[0009]
That is, an object of the present invention is achieved by a novel volatile organic compound reducing material described in (1) to (27) below and its use.
[0010]
(1) A volatile organic compound reducing material comprising a composite ceramic containing at least one selected from the group consisting of serpentine, dolomite, and a lithium compound.
[0011]
(2) The above-mentioned (1), wherein the dolomite contains unfired dolomite and / or fired dolomite obtained by firing unfired dolomite at 900 to 1200 ° C. Material for reducing volatile organic compounds.
[0012]
(3) The volatile organic compound reducing material according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the lithium compound contains lithium carbonate and / or lithium phosphate.
[0013]
(4) The volatile organic material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the content of the serpentine is in a range of 25 to 50% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics. Compound reducing material.
[0014]
(5) The volatility according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein the content of the dolomite is in a range of 25 to 50% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics. Organic compound reducing material.
[0015]
(6) The volatile organic material according to any one of (3) to (5), wherein the content of the lithium carbonate is in a range of 22 to 25% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics. Compound reducing material.
[0016]
(7) The volatile organic compound according to any one of (3) to (6), wherein the content of the lithium phosphate is in a range of 22 to 25% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics. Compound reducing material.
[0017]
(8) The volatile organic material according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the content of the lithium compound is in a range of 22 to 50% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics. Compound reducing material.
[0018]
(9) The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the composite ceramic contains amphibolite.
[0019]
(10) The volatile organic compound reducing material according to (9), wherein the content of the amphibole is in a range of 22 to 50% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics.
[0020]
(11) The volatile organic compound reducing material as described in any one of (1) to (10) above, wherein the composite ceramic further contains silica.
[0021]
(12) The volatile organic compound reducing material according to the above (11), wherein the content of the silica is in a range of 1 to 3% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics.
[0022]
(13) The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of the above (1) to (12), wherein the composite ceramic contains titanium oxide.
[0023]
(14) The volatile organic compound reducing material according to the above (13), wherein the content of the titanium oxide is in a range of 2% by mass or less based on the entire composite ceramics.
[0024]
(15) The volatile organic compound reducing material as described in any one of (1) to (14) above, wherein the composite ceramics has a particle size of 5 to 74 μm.
[0025]
(16) A drug comprising at least one volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of (1) to (15).
[0026]
(17) The agent according to the above (16), which is at least one compounding agent selected from the group consisting of an adhesive, a termiticide, a wood preservative, a paint, and a preservative.
[0027]
(18) The drug according to the above (16) or (17), wherein the content of the composite ceramic as an active ingredient is in a range of 3 to 15% by mass based on the whole drug.
[0028]
(19) A building material comprising the volatile organic compound reducing material according to (1) to (15) and at least one of the agents according to (16) to (18).
[0029]
(20) The composite ceramic as an active ingredient is 5 to 20 g / m. ² The building material according to the above (19), which is contained in the range of (19).
[0030]
(21) The composite ceramic as an active ingredient is formed by adjusting the indoor concentration of formaldehyde to 1 m at room temperature of 25 ° C. ³ The building material according to the above (19) or (20), which is contained so as to be maintained at 0.08 ppm or less.
[0031]
(22) An interior material comprising the volatile organic compound reducing material according to (1) to (15) and at least one of the agents according to (16) to (18).
[0032]
(23) The composite ceramic as an active ingredient is 5 to 20 g / m. ² The interior material according to the above (22), which is contained in the range of (22).
[0033]
(24) The composite ceramics as the active ingredient has a formaldehyde concentration of 1 m at room temperature of 25 ° C. ³ The interior material according to the above (22) or (23), wherein the interior material is contained so as to be kept at 0.08 ppm or less.
[0034]
(25) Furniture, characterized by using the volatile organic compound reducing material according to (1) to (15) and at least one of the agents according to (16) to (18).
[0035]
(26) The composite ceramic as an active ingredient is 5 to 20 g / m. ² The furniture according to the above (25), wherein the furniture is contained in the range of:
[0036]
(27) The composite ceramic as an active ingredient is formed by adjusting the indoor concentration of formaldehyde to 1 m at room temperature of 25 ° C. ³ Furniture according to the above (25) or (26), wherein the furniture is contained so as to be kept at 0.08 ppm or less.
[0037]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention is characterized by having a composite ceramic containing at least one selected from the group consisting of serpentine, dolomite and a lithium compound, Furthermore, the above-mentioned composite ceramic has a well-balanced property of reducing volatile organic compounds (absorbing and decomposing properties), emitting far-infrared rays (having a high emissivity), generating negative ions, preventing mold, deodorizing and antibacterial. It is desirable that the amphibole, the silica and the titanium oxide be appropriately combined with one or more of them as needed so that they can be expressed. Specifically, as shown in Table 4, regardless of the presence or absence of the compounding and the compounding ratio, as a characteristic of the composite ceramic, the absorption and decomposition rate of the volatile organic compound is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more. More preferably, it has a high value of 95% or more, and furthermore, the emissivity, deodorization and antibacterial properties are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of negative ions generated is 250 It has a high value of not less than cc / sec, preferably not less than 300 pieces / cc / sec, more preferably not less than 450 pieces / cc / sec, and the evaluation of the antifungal property is 2-3, preferably 3.
[0038]
In the volatile organic compound reducing material provided with the composite ceramics prepared as described above, (1) a high reduction characteristic (absorption decomposability) of the volatile organic compound can be obtained. Therefore, by using the volatile organic compound reducing material for building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc., volatile organic compounds (harmful substances) such as formaldehyde, which is the cause (main culprit) of sick house syndrome, can be effectively decomposed and used. By absorbing or the like, the amount of radiation can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to prevent the symptoms of sick house syndrome, such as dizziness, nausea, headache, imbalance of balance and respiratory illness, and physical disorders. (2) A high emissivity (= far-infrared radiation) can be stably obtained. Therefore, by using the volatile organic compound reducing material for flooring, wall material, ceiling material, interior material and the like of flolong or carpet, a heating effect by far-infrared radiation is obtained, blood circulation is promoted, and blood circulation disorder And a superior living environment can be achieved. (3) It has a stable and high negative ion generating ability. Thereby, various effects shown in Table 1 below can be obtained, for example, in a living body, blood tends to be alkaline in an atmosphere of negative ions. Furthermore, it has been found that such negative ions have many beneficial effects on the human body, and it is possible to achieve an excellent living environment such as an effect on neural stress such as a relaxation effect. Things. (4) High antibacterial and antifungal properties can be stably exhibited. Therefore, by using the volatile organic compound reducing material for interior materials and flooring materials, the number of indoor fungi (including mold) can be significantly reduced, and the indoor environment can be maintained well. It is. Therefore, health damage due to Legionella bacteria can also be prevented. In addition, even under high-humidity conditions such as the rainy season, an excellent living environment can be achieved such that fungi such as mold can be prevented from growing on interior materials such as wallpaper. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent health damage due to toxins and pigments of fungi such as molds, dirt such as black hues of the interior material, and musty odor, and keep the interior material clean. (5) High deodorizing power can be exhibited. Therefore, an excellent living environment can be achieved, such as reducing indoor odor and maintaining a comfortable indoor environment.
[0039]
Here, volatile organic compounds refer to volatile organic compounds emitted from building materials and interior materials (paints, adhesives, etc.) in the interior of new and renovated houses, such as toxicity to humans and animals. In particular, the four substances of formaldehyde, toluene, xylene, and paradichlorobenzene, and the substances of ethylbenzene, styrene, chlorpyrifos, tetradecane, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and diazinon are subject to indoor concentration measurement (total volatile organic compounds) And substances such as benzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. These are contained, for example, in paints and adhesives (especially solvents), insect repellents, plasticizers (such as phthalic acid esters), and termiticides (such as organophosphorus chlorpyrifos) used for building materials and furniture.
[0040]
In addition, as a combined effect of the above (1) to (5), sick house syndrome can be prevented, and the body and mind can be maintained or restored with vitality and health, so that infection resistance or immunity is high. In addition, since it is not necessary to worry about the smell, the sick house syndrome can be cured and prevented without imposing a burden or inconvenience on the resident. Furthermore, in the present invention, existing building materials, interior materials, furniture, and the like only contain a volatile organic compound reducing material having the above-mentioned composite ceramics, no troublesome operation or adjustment is required, and frequent replacement is also required. Therefore, it is possible to exhibit a long-term stable operation and effect, and it is possible to perform cleaning and the like as usual, it is durable and long-lasting, and it is very economical that it can be provided at low cost.
[0041]
[Table 1]

[0042]
Such as 1. 1. Absorption and decomposition of volatile organic compounds, which are harmful substances. 2. antibacterial, deodorant, antifungal, Individual ceramics constituting composite ceramics used for volatile organic compound reduction materials that have negative ion generation, far-infrared radiation effects, etc. in a well-balanced manner and have the effect of greatly improving the living environment that causes sick house syndrome Table 2 below shows the properties of each (mineral).
[0043]
[Table 2]

[0044]
Note that, in addition to the above characteristics, titanium oxide has a photocatalytic function and has an activity rate of 100%.
[0045]
The emissivity ε (%) in the present specification is the emissivity of a virtual black body and a sample (processed into a 20 × 30 × 2 mm plate) by an infrared method (spectroscope; manufactured by JASCO Corporation). Was determined by comparison. More specifically, the surface temperature of the sample is set to a predetermined temperature (100 ° C.), and the emissivity for comparison with the virtual black body is measured.
[0046]
The number of generated negative ions (pcs / cc / sec) in this specification is measured using a negative ion measuring machine (manufactured by Dan Kagaku Co., Ltd .; air ion counter-MODEL: 83-1001B-MkII). .
[0047]
The absorption / decomposition rate (%) in the present specification is obtained by measuring the concentration reduction rate of formaldehyde, which is a chemical substance that is one of the causes of sick house syndrome. An appropriate amount of a formaldehyde-containing adhesive was placed at the bottom of a container (desiccator), and after standing at room temperature for 30 minutes, a gas component was collected from the container and the formaldehyde concentration was measured using gas chromatography, and this was used as a blank. Next, the same amount of the formaldehyde-containing adhesive is placed in the bottom of a similar container (desiccator), and the sample of the present invention (composite ceramics having a particle size of 5 to 74 μm or a component thereof) is placed at an appropriate position on the container (desiccator). The filter was placed and left at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, gas components were collected from the container, and the formaldehyde concentration was measured by gas chromatography to obtain the sample gas concentration. From these measurement results, the absorption decomposition rate was determined by the following equation.
[0048]
(Equation 1)

[0049]
The antifungal property in the specification was measured in accordance with JIS-Z-2911 <Mold resistance test method>. Specifically, culturing: the sample and the test piece were treated according to the respective regulations, inoculated with a prescribed mold, and cultured under prescribed conditions. Inoculation: To inoculate the sample and the test piece with mold, the spore suspension was evenly spread on the surface of the sample and the test piece using a sprayer and a pipette. In addition, the test results were displayed by visually observing the growth state of the mycelium formed on the surface of the sample and the test piece as a result of the culture, and divided into 1 to 3 evaluations by the following judgment method.
[0050]
Evaluation of mold resistance (anti-mold properties);
3: No hyphal growth was observed in the inoculated portion of the sample or test piece.
[0051]
2: The area of the hyphal growth area observed in the inoculated portion of the sample or test piece does not exceed 1/3 of the total area.
[0052]
1: The area of the hyphal growth part observed in the inoculated part of the sample and the test piece exceeds one third of the total area.
[0053]
Further, the deodorization rate in the present specification is obtained by charging a sample (1 g of each component of the composite ceramics, composite ceramics) and 600 ml of an odor gas into a Tedlar bag, measuring a change in gas concentration after 3 hours, and obtaining the following equation. The deodorization rate was determined. In addition, ammonia was used as an alkaline gas, and hydrogen sulfide was used as an acidic gas. The gas concentration was measured by using an absorption spectrophotometer or a potentiometer for ammonia, and by using a gas chromatograph analyzer or a flame photometer for hydrogen sulfide.
[0054]
(Equation 2)

[0055]
The antibacterial rate in the present specification uses a measurement method certified by the Japanese Society of Antibacterial and Fungicide. That is, the antibacterial rate against fungi (cocci; staphylococci, bacilli; Escherichia coli) was measured by a shake method for samples of ceramics and composite ceramics. The outline of this measuring method is briefly described below.
[0056]
Shake method: A method for evaluating antibacterial activity applicable to processed products in powder form, in which a sample and a test bacterium coexist in a phosphate buffer and shake for a predetermined time (for example, 0.5 hour). After the test, the number of surviving bacteria is measured. That is, a method in which a sample dispersed in an aqueous solution and a test bacterium are forcibly brought into contact with each other by shaking to confirm the effect.
[0057]
As shown in Table 2 above, serpentine, which is one of the components of the composite ceramics, has a high reduction rate (absorption / decomposition rate) of volatile organic compounds, and further has a negative ion generation number (generation ability) and emissivity. In addition, the antibacterial rate and the deodorizing rate show high values, and furthermore, they have excellent antifungal properties and can be said to have the most balanced properties. Also, when mixed with other ceramic components to form a composite ceramic and used as a volatile organic compound reducing material, and when the volatile organic compound reducing material is used for building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc. It can maintain high reducing action (absorption / decomposability) of organic compounds, radioactivity, negative ion generating ability, antifungal property, deodorizing property and antibacterial property. In particular, since serpentine is a stable mineral, its effectiveness can be maintained for a long time when used for building materials, interior materials, furniture, and the like.
[0058]
The content of the above-mentioned serpentine should just be high as a characteristic of the whole composite ceramics, that is, the absorption and decomposition rate of the volatile organic compound is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. However, the emissivity, deodorizing property and antibacterial property are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of anions generated is 250 or more, preferably 300 or more. / Sec or more, more preferably 450 pieces / cc / sec or more, and a high antifungal property rating of 3 is desirable, and is usually 10 to 100% by mass, preferably 15% by mass, based on the entire composite ceramics. -75 mass%, more preferably 20-60 mass%, particularly preferably 25-50 mass%. When the content of the serpentine is less than 10% by mass, the properties of the serpentine such as high absorption and decomposability, radioactivity, negative ion generation ability, antifungal property, deodorizing property and antibacterial property are well-balanced, effective and effective. It can be difficult to demonstrate it effectively. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of serpentine is not particularly limited, and may be used alone. This is because, as shown in Table 2, serpentine is excellent in various properties shown in Table 2. The upper limit of the content of serpentine is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 75% by mass, the volatile organic compound reducing material using composite ceramics, and further, building materials and the like are discarded and incinerated. At this time, it may be difficult to sufficiently suppress the generation of dioxins.
[0059]
As shown in Table 2 below, dolomite, one of the components of the composite ceramics, has a high absorption / decomposition rate and is useful as a volatile organic compound reducing material. Furthermore, it has excellent antifungal properties, high emissivity, antibacterial rate, and deodorization rate, and complements negative ion generation ability when mixed with other ceramic components to form composite ceramics and used as volatile organic compound reduction materials. Thereby, these characteristics can be expressed in a well-balanced manner.
[0060]
The dolomite that can be used in the present invention includes at least one of unfired one (also called unfired dolomite) and fired one (also called fired dolomite). Unfired dolomite is generally a complex carbonate of calcium and magnesium CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ Or a rock mainly composed of this. When this unfired dolomite is heated, MgCO ₃ Minutes decompose and CO ₂ To release mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) And magnesium oxide (MgO) (hereinafter also referred to as calcined dolomite A). ₃ Decomposes into CO ₂ And has the property of being mainly a symbiotic mineral CaO / MgO of calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) (hereinafter also referred to as calcined dolomite B). Therefore, unless otherwise specified, calcined dolomite includes at least one of calcined dolomite A and calcined dolomite B. These dolomite are excellent in antibacterial activity, higher in absorption / decomposition rate, more excellent in antifungal properties, hard emissivity, deodorization rate, and can be manufactured more easily, It is extremely inexpensive, has excellent safety, does not catalytically degrade the resin of the base material, and has excellent light resistance and heat resistance. Preferably, it contains a fired dolomite obtained by firing unfired dolomite at a temperature of 900 to 1200C, particularly 1000 to 1100C. Further, the composition containing such unsintered dolomite or unsintered sinter may be sintered by an appropriate method. As a method for producing a composition containing dolomite having an appropriate particle size, a composition containing dolomite blended in an appropriate ratio is put into a mixer and a pulverizer sequentially multiple times. The composition is obtained by adjusting the composition to a predetermined particle size and uniformly mixing. Furthermore, in the composition containing calcined dolomite, the calcined dolomite may be calcined at a temperature of 900 ° C. or more, and then the calcined dolomite is 900 ° C. or more, more preferably 900 to 1200 ° C., and particularly 1000 ° C. Calcined at a temperature of ~ 1100 ° C to produce calcined dolomite, and further baked at a calcining temperature of 700-800 ° C with other composition components (if calcined dolomite A is included) ) In an appropriate ratio, and charged to a mixer and a pulverizer in succession a plurality of times to uniformly and uniformly mix the composition to a predetermined particle size, and then to a firing temperature of 200 to 500 ° C. And baking.
[0061]
In the case of volatile organic compound reducing materials comprising composite ceramics containing the above calcined dolomite and building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc. using the volatile organic compound reducing materials, these used building materials are incinerated as waste. At the time, even in the environment of incineration of general municipal garbage, etc., where chlorine compounds are present in the surroundings, various products containing calcined dolomite and chlorides (salts, polyvinyl chloride resin materials, etc.) It can effectively suppress the generation of dioxins and hydrogen chloride gas (which is also a cause of acid rain and has acute toxicity) due to a thermochemical reaction. This means that the generation of dioxins and hydrogen chloride gas can be effectively suppressed in the case of burning the currently problematic chlorides (eg, salt, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, etc.). You can do it. Although the formation mechanism of such dioxins has not been sufficiently elucidated, it is considered that at least the involvement of calcined dolomite prevents the production of highly toxic dioxins and hydrogen chloride gas. The present inventor has found that, in the case of calcined dolomite, as in the case of a lithium compound described below, chlorine (or hydrogen chloride gas) that is a cause of the generation of dioxins or their precursors is directly thermochemically treated. By reacting or acting catalytically on the thermochemical reaction with chlorine (or hydrogen chloride gas) to form stable compounds other than dioxins and their precursors, the generation of dioxins can be suppressed. It is inferred.
[0062]
In addition, the purity of such dolomite does not need to be as high as 99.999%. For example, taking unfired dolomite as an example, mining in the Kuzuu district, which is the place of origin, etc. What is necessary is that the purity is in the range obtained by simple purification after that (purity of about 95 to 98%). As a result of the inventor's experiments on dolomite, even if it contains some impurities, it exhibits sufficiently high properties as shown in Table 2 when used, and furthermore, has an effect of suppressing the generation of dioxin during incineration. This is because it has been found that the above is achieved, which is further advantageous in terms of cost.
[0063]
The content of the dolomite may be any as long as the composite ceramic has a high value of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more as a characteristic of the composite ceramic. However, the emissivity, deodorizing property and antibacterial property are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of anions generated is 250 or more, preferably 300 or more. / Sec or more, more preferably 450 pieces / cc / sec or more, and a high antifungal property evaluation of 3 is desirable, and usually 10% to 100% by mass, preferably 10% by mass to the entire composite ceramics. Is in the range of 15 to 75% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, and particularly preferably 25 to 50% by mass. When the content of dolomite is less than 10% by mass, a volatile organic compound reducing material using composite ceramics, and further, a high absorption and decomposition rate of volatile organic compounds, emissivity, antifungal property, etc. In order to effectively and effectively exhibit properties such as antibacterial rate and deodorizing rate in a well-balanced manner, and to sufficiently suppress the generation of dioxins when discarding or incinerating such volatile organic compound reducing materials and building materials. In some cases, it may be difficult to perform the operation, and the performance of the volatile organic compound reducing material may be reduced. In addition, when used in combination with other active ingredients such as amphibolite and serpentine, a synergistic effect may not be sufficiently exerted. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of dolomite is not particularly limited, and may be used alone. However, the negative ion generating ability is still not sufficient. Therefore, in order to express negative ion generating ability and the like in a well-balanced manner, it is desirable to adjust the amount so as not to exceed 75% by mass so that it can be used in combination with other active ingredients. That is, when the content of dolomite exceeds 75% by mass, the content of other active ingredients such as amphibolite and serpentine is limited, so that higher negative ion generating ability, emissivity, and deodorization are obtained. It may be difficult to demonstrate the rate effectively and effectively.
[0064]
As shown in Table 2 (showing examples of lithium carbonate and lithium phosphate), the lithium compound, which is one of the components of the composite ceramics, has a reduction rate (absorption decomposition rate) of a volatile organic compound, an antibacterial rate, and a deodorization rate. Indicates a high value. Therefore, when mixed with other ceramic components to form a composite ceramic and used as a volatile organic compound reducing material, and when the volatile organic compound reducing material is used for building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc. It can maintain a relatively high reduction rate (absorption decomposition rate), antibacterial rate, and deodorization rate of organic compounds.
[0065]
In a volatile organic compound reducing material having a composite ceramic containing the above lithium compound, and in a building material, an interior material, and furniture using the volatile organic compound reducing material, when the material is incinerated as waste, chlorine is generated around the material. Dioxins and hydrogen chloride due to the thermochemical reaction between various products containing lithium compounds and chlorides (salts and polyvinyl chloride resin materials) even in the environment of incineration of general municipal waste containing compounds. The generation of gas (also a cause of acid rain and having acute toxicity) can be effectively suppressed. This means that the generation of dioxins and hydrogen chloride gas can be effectively suppressed in the case of burning the currently problematic chlorides (eg, salt, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, etc.). You can do it. Although the formation mechanism of such dioxins has not been sufficiently elucidated, it is considered that at least the involvement of the lithium compound of the composite ceramics of the present invention prevents the production of highly toxic dioxins and hydrogen chloride gas. The inventor of the present invention has proposed that the lithium compound of the composite ceramics directly thermochemically reacts with chlorine (or hydrogen chloride gas), which contributes to the generation of dioxins or their precursors, or that chlorine (or hydrogen chloride gas) It is inferred that generation of dioxins can be suppressed by acting as a stable compound other than dioxins and their precursors by acting catalytically on the thermochemical reaction with dioxins.
[0066]
Here, lithium is widely distributed on the earth, and is present in trace amounts in minerals, rocks, soil and natural water. In particular, the main ores are Lithia mica, Lithia pyroxene, and pentalite. At present, the ores used as lithium ores include scale mica, lithia pyroxene, petalite, eucryptite, beniungmo, chinwaldunmo, mannandonite, trifilite, lithiophyllite, ambrigoite (LiAl (FePO4) ₄ )), Fremontite, Siclar stone, etc. Such a lithium-containing mineral is a mineral containing phosphoric acid, arsenic acid, vanadic acid or silicate. Table 3 shows lithium compounds including lithium-containing minerals.
[0067]
[Table 3]

[0068]
Therefore, the lithium compounds that can be used in the present invention include such lithium-containing minerals, lithium phosphate, lithium silicate, lithium carbonate, and the like manufactured through predetermined processing steps from the minerals, and natural brines. It also includes (recovered) lithium compounds such as lithium carbonate. Preferably, the lithium content ratio in the lithium compound is large. Specifically, lithium phosphate, lithium silicate, lithium carbonate, and the like manufactured from a lithium-containing mineral or brine through a predetermined processing step. Among the above lithium compounds, these lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, lithium silicate, and especially lithium carbonate are excellent in antibacterial properties, and raw materials are inexpensive with mass production of lithium batteries. The compound can be produced at low cost, is excellent in safety, does not degrade the resin of the base material even when used as a catalyst for plastics, and has excellent light resistance and heat resistance.
[0069]
The method for producing such a lithium compound is not particularly limited, and can be obtained by appropriately utilizing a conventionally known production technique. That is, taking lithium carbonate as an example, (1) lithium ore obtained through mining, crushing (coarse, medium, fine), wet pulverization (pan, etc.), beneficiation (heavy liquid and flotation, etc.) Aluminosilicate such as mica and the like; the lithium compound of the present invention also includes these lithium minerals) powder; calcined at about 1100 ° C .; Is generated. This is leached with water, pH adjustment, purification, concentration, etc. are performed on the leachate, and then a sodium carbonate solution is added to precipitate a precipitate of lithium carbonate, followed by separation, washing, and drying. (2) Concentration For example, a method of adding a sodium carbonate solution to purified brine to precipitate lithium carbonate and recovering the same can be used.
[0070]
The purity of the lithium compound may not be as high as, for example, 99.999%. For example, in the case of lithium carbonate, for example, when the lithium compound is imported from the country of origin such as the United States, It can be said that it is more desirable to have a purity or a degree obtained by simple subsequent purification (purity of about 95.0 to 98.0%). This is because the present inventor conducted experiments on lithium carbonate, and found that those containing some impurities had higher antibacterial properties and dioxin generation suppressing effect than those of high purity, It is also advantageous in terms of cost.
[0071]
If the content of the lithium compound is such that the absorption and decomposition rate of the volatile organic compound has a high value of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more as a characteristic of the composite ceramics, However, emissivity, deodorizing property and antibacterial property are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of anions generated is 250 or more / cc / sec, preferably 300 / Those having a high value of not less than cc / sec, more preferably not less than 450 pieces / cc / sec, and having an antifungal property rating of 3 are desirable, and usually 10% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass, based on the entire composite ceramics. -75 mass%, more preferably 20-60 mass%, particularly preferably 22-50 mass%. When the content of the lithium compound in the composite ceramics is less than 10% by mass, the lithium compound has a high volatile organic compound reducing property, an antibacterial property, a deodorizing property, etc., effectively and effectively. Can be difficult. In addition, volatile organic compound reducing materials having composite ceramics containing a lithium compound, as well as building materials, interior materials, and furniture using such volatile organic compound reducing materials, generate dioxins when they are discarded or incinerated. It may be difficult to suppress it sufficiently. Further, when other active ingredients are used in combination, a synergistic effect may not be sufficiently exerted. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of the lithium compound is not particularly limited, but when the content exceeds 75% by mass, the content of other active ingredients is limited, and thus the characteristics of reducing the volatile organic compound, It exhibits far-infrared radiation (= high emissivity), negative ion generating ability, antifungal property, deodorizing property, antibacterial property in a well-balanced, effective and effective manner, and dioxins and their precursors during incineration ( In some cases, it is difficult to exert the action of suppressing the generation of chlorine compounds such as hydrogen chloride and chlorine-based gas).
[0072]
The content of each of the lithium compounds is not particularly limited. For example, the content of lithium carbonate and the content of lithium phosphate are determined by the characteristics of the composite ceramic as the absorption of volatile organic compounds. It may be blended so that the decomposition rate is as high as 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more, and the emissivity, deodorization and antibacterial properties are all 80% or more, preferably Is 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, the number of negative ions generated is 250 or more / cc / sec or more, preferably 300 or more / cc / sec or more, more preferably 450 or more / cc / sec or more; Is desirably as high as 3, and each is usually 10% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or more, based on the entire composite ceramics. 15 to 40% by weight, more preferably 20 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 22-25 wt%. When the content of each lithium compound (lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate) in the composite ceramics is less than 10% by mass, reduction of the high volatile organic compounds of each lithium compound in the bedding using the composite ceramics In some cases, it is difficult to effectively and effectively exhibit properties such as properties, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties. In addition, it may be difficult to sufficiently suppress the generation of dioxins during incineration. Further, when other active ingredients are used in combination, a synergistic effect may not be sufficiently exerted. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of each lithium compound in the composite ceramics should not be particularly limited. However, if it exceeds 40% by mass, the content of other active ingredients is limited, so Characteristics of organic compounds, far-infrared radiation (having high emissivity), negative ion generation ability, anti-fungal properties, deodorizing properties, antibacterial properties, all in a well-balanced, effective and effective manner, and at the time of incineration In some cases, it is difficult to exert the effect of suppressing the generation of dioxins and their precursors (chlorine compounds such as hydrogen chloride and chlorine-based gases).
[0073]
As shown in Table 2, amphibole, one of the components of the composite ceramics, has an absorption / decomposition rate of volatile organic compounds, which is an essential property to prevent the symptoms of sick house syndrome. In addition, the number of generated negative ions (generation capacity) and the emissivity are extremely high. Also, when mixed with other ceramic components to form a composite ceramic and used as a volatile organic compound reducing material, and when the volatile organic compound reducing material is used for building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc. High absorption / decomposition rate, negative ion generation ability and radioactivity of organic compounds can be maintained. In addition, amphibolite is a stable mineral and can maintain its efficacy for a long time.
[0074]
The content of the amphibole is such that as a characteristic of the composite ceramic, the compound is blended so that the absorption and decomposition rate of the volatile organic compound has a high value of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. However, emissivity, deodorizing property and antibacterial property are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of anions generated is 250 or more / cc / sec, preferably 300 / Those having a high value of not less than cc / sec, more preferably not less than 450 pieces / cc / sec, and having an antifungal property evaluation of 3 are desirable, and usually 10 to 80% by mass, preferably 10 to 80% by mass, based on the entire composite ceramics. The range is 15 to 75% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, and particularly preferably 22 to 50% by mass. If the amphibolite content is less than 10% by mass, it may be difficult to effectively and effectively exhibit the characteristics of high emissivity and the number of negative ions generated (generation ability) possessed by amphibolite. In addition, when used in combination with other active ingredients such as serpentine, dolomite, silica, titanium oxide, and lithium compound, a synergistic effect may not be sufficiently exerted. On the other hand, when the content of amphibolite exceeds 80% by mass, the content of other active ingredients such as serpentine, dolomite, silica, titanium oxide, and lithium compound is limited. In some cases, it may be difficult to sufficiently compensate for the reduction properties, antibacterial properties, and deodorization properties of high-volatility organic compounds that you do not have, the reduction properties of volatile organic compounds, the number of negative ions generated (generation capacity), and the emissivity In some cases, it is difficult to exhibit various properties such as antifungal properties, antibacterial rate and deodorizing rate in a well-balanced and effective manner.
[0075]
As shown in Table 2 below, silica (including silicate mineral), which is one of the components of the composite ceramics, has extremely high emissivity and deodorization rate. Therefore, when mixed with other ceramic components to form a composite ceramic and used as a volatile organic compound reducing material, and when the volatile organic compound reducing material is used for building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc., radioactivity and The deodorization rate can be kept relatively high.
[0076]
The content of the silica may be blended so that the absorption and decomposition rate of the volatile organic compound has a high value of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. However, the emissivity, deodorizing property and antibacterial property are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of anions generated is 250 or more, preferably 300 or more. / Sec or more, more preferably 450 ke / cc / sec or more, and a high value of 3 for evaluation of antifungal properties, and is usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass, based on the whole composite ceramics. %, More preferably in the range of 1 to 3% by mass. When the content of silica is less than 1% by mass, it may be difficult to effectively and effectively exhibit the high radioactivity and deodorizing power of silica. In addition, when used in combination with other active ingredients such as serpentine, dolomite, amphibole, titanium oxide, and lithium compounds, the synergistic effect may not be sufficiently exerted. On the other hand, when the content of silica exceeds 10% by mass, the content of other active ingredients such as serpentine, dolomite, amphibole, titanium oxide, and lithium compound is limited, so that the silica is ready to carry. In some cases, it may be difficult to sufficiently compensate for the high volatile organic compound reduction characteristics, negative ion generation capability, antibacterial properties, etc., which may reduce the volatile organic compound reduction characteristics, the number of negative ions generated (generation capability), In some cases, it is difficult to exhibit various properties such as emissivity, antifungal property, antibacterial rate and deodorizing rate in a well-balanced and effective manner.
[0077]
Titanium oxide, one of the components of the composite ceramics, has the highest emissivity as shown in Table 2 below, and has an activity rate of 100% as described in the margin of Table 2. Therefore, when mixed with other ceramic components to form a composite ceramic and used as a volatile organic compound reducing material, and when the volatile organic compound reducing material is used for building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc., radioactivity is also reduced. It can be kept relatively high. The titanium oxide may contain a titanium mineral or the like.
[0078]
The content of the titanium oxide is such that the reduction rate (absorption decomposition rate) of the volatile organic compound has a high value of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more as a characteristic of the composite ceramics. The emissivity, deodorizing property and antibacterial property are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of anions generated is 250 or more / cc / sec, preferably Desirably has a high value of 300 pieces / cc / sec or more, more preferably 450 pieces / cc / sec or more, and a fungicide evaluation of 3, and is usually 5% by mass or less based on the entire composite ceramics. , Preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by mass. When the content of titanium oxide is less than 0.5% by mass, it may be difficult to effectively and effectively exhibit the high emissivity and activity rate of titanium oxide. In addition, when used in combination with other active ingredients such as serpentine, dolomite, amphibolite, silica, and lithium compounds, the synergistic effect may not be sufficiently exerted. On the other hand, when the content of titanium oxide exceeds 5% by mass, the content of other active ingredients such as serpentine, dolomite, amphibolite, silica, and lithium compound is limited. In some cases, it may be difficult to sufficiently compensate for the reduction of volatile organic compounds that you do not have and the ability to generate negative ions and antibacterial properties, etc. The characteristics of reducing volatile organic compounds and the number of negative ions generated (generation capacity) In some cases, it is difficult to effectively exhibit various properties such as emissivity, antifungal property, antibacterial rate and deodorizing rate in a well-balanced manner.
[0079]
The components of the composite ceramics are not illustrated in Table 2 above, but may include granite porphyry, quartz diorite, phyllite, tuff, calcium oxide, limestone, zirconia-based mineral, electric An appropriate amount of functional inorganic particles such as stone and magnesia may be used as needed. In addition, as long as it has the same emissivity and anion generation number as amphibolite, cuminite, tilodyne, gallnetite, diatomite, indigolite, cross boulder, Liebebck boulder, celsuite boulder, amphibole, Green stone or the like can also be used.
[0080]
The content of the other ceramic component, which is an optional component, is appropriately determined within a range that does not impair the useful effects of the composite ceramics of the present invention and within a range in which the function of the optional ceramic component can be sufficiently exhibited. It does not have to be particularly limited.
[0081]
In addition, although the content of each component of the composite ceramics of the present invention is shown, the total sum of the entire composite ceramics is 100% by mass in any combination.
[0082]
The form of the composite ceramic is not particularly limited, and embodiments of the volatile organic compound reducing material having the composite ceramic, for example, (1) directly contained in building materials, interior materials, and furniture materials , Impregnation, press-fit, kneading, mixing, mixing, pouring, inserting, etc .; (2) Carrying, fixing, crimping, bonding, coating, fitting, etc. on the surface of building materials, interior materials, furniture materials (3) When it is used by forming into a plate or the like so as to constitute a part of building materials, interior materials, and furniture materials; (4) It is used for building materials, interior materials, and furniture Adhesives, termites, plasticizers, preservatives, deodorants, paints, etc., are different depending on, for example, fine powder, powder, granular (spherical), rod-like (prismatic, Cylinder, cone, plate, cylinder, ellipse, pellet ( Shape, the molding material was granulated into cylindrical or prismatic shape), there may be mentioned amorphous form shaped like, but is not limited thereto.
[0083]
The size (particle size) of the composite ceramic used in the present invention is appropriately determined according to the use form of the volatile organic compound reducing material, and is not particularly limited.
[0084]
For example, when a volatile organic compound reducing material is used in the above embodiment (1), for example, when kneading or mixing with a base resin for wallpaper, or when impregnating or press-fitting raw wood such as plywood, The particle size of the composite ceramic is usually in the range of 5 to 74 μm, preferably 5 to 50 μm, more preferably 5 to 15 μm. When the particle size of the composite ceramics exceeds 74 μm, it may be difficult to incorporate the composite ceramics into building materials and interior materials. On the other hand, if it is less than 5 μm, it is difficult to make the composite ceramic finely divided, which increases the production cost and may cause problems such as scattering during handling.
[0085]
When the volatile organic compound reducing material is used in the above embodiment (2), it is used for, for example, a fiber material such as a fiberboard, a carpet or an upholstered chair (for example, when a fiber is spun, a base material of a fiber raw material is used). For example, a method in which the composite ceramics is mixed with a resin or a master batch thereof and then spun.) Or a case where the composite ceramics are supported on a fiber surface is taken as an example. To 5.0 μm, preferably 0.5 to 3.0 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 μm. If the particle size of the composite ceramics exceeds 5.0 μm in the above-mentioned use example, it becomes difficult to use the composite ceramics on a fiber material or to carry it on the fiber surface. On the other hand, if it is less than 0.1 μm, it is difficult to make the composite ceramic finely divided, which increases the production cost and may cause problems such as scattering during handling.
[0086]
In the case where the volatile organic compound reducing material is used in the above embodiment (3), for example, when it is used under pressure or heat by adding a suitable binder to a heat insulating material or a board of a building material, the composite ceramic material is used. The particle size is usually in the range of usually 5 to 74 μm, preferably 5 to 50 μm, more preferably 5 to 15 μm. If the particle size of the composite ceramics exceeds 74 μm, it may be difficult to form the plate into a plate shape or the like so as to constitute a part of a building material or an interior material. On the other hand, if it is less than 5 μm, it is difficult to make the composite ceramic finely divided, which increases the production cost and may cause problems such as scattering during handling.
[0087]
When the volatile organic compound reducing material is used in the above-mentioned embodiment (4), it may be of the same order of magnitude as existing fine powders such as inorganic fillers. 0.0 μm, preferably 0.5 to 3.0 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 μm. When the particle size of the composite ceramics exceeds 5.0 μm, for example, in the case of an adhesive, there is a possibility that the intrinsic function may be deteriorated, such as a decrease in adhesive strength and difficulty in addition and mixing into the adhesive. . On the other hand, if it is less than 0.1 μm, it is difficult to make the composite ceramic finely divided, which increases the production cost and may cause problems such as scattering during handling.
[0088]
Table 4 shows typical formulation examples used in the composite ceramics of the present invention, and the emissivity, the number of anions generated, the absorption / decomposition rate, the antifungal property, the deodorizing property and the antibacterial property of these formulation examples were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 5 below. Among the compounding components of these composite ceramics, as shown in Table 2 above, in serpentine, the absorption and decomposition rate of volatile organic compounds is as high as 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more. The emissivity, deodorization and antibacterial properties are all 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and the number of negative ions generated is 250 / cc / sec. As described above, it has a high value of preferably 300 or more / cc / sec or more, more preferably 450 or more / cc / sec or more, and the antifungal property evaluation is 3, so that it can be used alone as a composite ceramic. Usually, by mixing these ceramic components at a predetermined ratio to form a composite ceramic, its characteristics are increased and multi-functionality is imparted. It is those that can.
[0089]
[Table 4]

[0090]
[Table 5]

[0091]
The methods for measuring the emissivity, the number of negative ions generated, the absorption and decomposition rate, the antifungal property, the deodorization rate, and the antibacterial rate in Table 5 are the same as those described in Table 2 above.
[0092]
As shown in Table 5 above, by processing the composite ceramic at a predetermined ratio having these properties, the properties inherent to each mineral can be improved in a well-balanced manner.
[0093]
The volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention may be any as long as it has the above-mentioned composite ceramics, may be a composite ceramics alone, or may further contain other additives, if necessary. . For example, fine powdered ceramic components may be used as a volatile organic compound reducing material by performing processing such as grinding and adding a modifying aid such as golden red stone, tackstone, silica stone, etc. It should not be restricted.
[0094]
Further, the volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention may be used alone as a treating agent for sick house syndrome, or may contain a volatile organic compound, such as an adhesive for plywood, an anti-termitic agent, and wood. Preservatives, paints, preservatives, and adhesives may be added or mixed with the base material to be used as a volatile organic compound reducing material-containing material, or may not be directly carried on such building materials, interior materials, furniture, etc. There is no particular limitation as to whether they can be used by coating or the like, or they may be used in combination, etc. These greatly reduce the effects of absorbing and decomposing volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde. Can be reduced.
[0095]
The method for producing the volatile organic compound reducing material described above is not particularly limited, and may be used as a building material, interior material, furniture material, or in a case where the material is supported on these surfaces, a desired method may be used. The ceramic fine powder components finely ground to a particle size (0.1 to 5.0 μm) may be simply mixed appropriately, or if necessary, for example, gold fine stones, studs may be added to the finely ground ceramic components. Processing such as grinding with addition of a modifying aid such as cobblestone and silica stone may be performed. Further, in a case where the volatile organic compound reducing material is fixed to a building material, an interior material, and a furniture material by bonding or the like, for example, the material is crushed to a desired particle size (about 1.0 to 5.0 mm). Each ceramic particle component may be simply mixed appropriately, or each ceramic fine powder component is added at a predetermined ratio, and if necessary, an appropriate binder and a volatile component (including water) are added and mixed. After forming (granulating) to a predetermined particle size, it may be calcined to produce.
[0096]
The volatile component that can be used in the method for producing a composite ceramic is not particularly limited, and any component that can be separated as a component that is volatilized by evaporation or thermal decomposition during calcination can be appropriately used. it can. Specifically, a low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon compound such as an aromatic compound which may have a substituent, which is volatilized by evaporation or thermal decomposition during calcination, can be used, but is preferably used. It is a substance which has a solid sublimation property at room temperature, and more preferably a substance which has no unpleasant odor and is harmless to the human body is advantageous in terms of design, handling and environment. Such volatile components include, for example, naphthalene, anthracene, anthraquinone and the like. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0097]
The content of the volatile component is in the range of 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.3 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the entire composite ceramics raw material. desirable. If the content of the volatile component is less than 0.1% by mass, the composite ceramics, which is the purpose of containing the volatile component, may not be sufficiently porous. On the other hand, when the content of the volatile component exceeds 20% by mass, not only is it difficult to maintain the necessary strength because of too many pores, but also a large amount of gas is generated during calcination. Undesirably, the material is deformed or cracked by the gas pressure, and may be damaged in severe cases.
[0098]
When water is added, the amount of water used varies depending on whether or not a binder is used, but is 5 to 25% by mass, preferably 8 to 15% by mass, more preferably 8 to 15% by mass, based on the whole composite ceramics raw material. Is in the range of 8 to 10% by mass. If the amount of water is less than 5% by mass, a sufficient slurry cannot be formed, so that the slurry remains in a small state. If the content exceeds 25% by mass, on the other hand, if the content exceeds 25% by mass, the viscosity is too low and the fluidity becomes too high, so that moldability cannot be obtained and granulation into a desired shape is performed. It is not preferable because it cannot be performed.
[0099]
The binder that can be used in the method for producing a volatile organic compound reducing material is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known binder can be used. Specifically, silica and / or alumina are mainly used. It is desirable to use a clay mineral containing: However, since granulation can be sufficiently performed without using a binder, the binder need not always be used.
[0100]
When the above-mentioned binder is added, the amount of the binder used varies depending on whether or not the binder is used, but it is 1.0 to 5.0% by mass, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by mass, based on the entire composite ceramic raw material. To 3.0% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0% by mass. If the compounding amount of the binder is less than 1.0% by mass, it is difficult to sufficiently obtain the bonding force between the ceramics, which is the purpose of adding the binder, and there is a possibility that the mold may be lost. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5.0% by mass, the amount of the ceramic component is limited, so that more composite ceramics may be required for effective and effective functioning.
[0101]
Next, when producing a molded body having a predetermined particle size (about 1.0 to 5.0 mm), the composite ceramic raw material is mixed at a ratio specified above, and formed into a predetermined particle size (granulation). After that, it is calcined.
[0102]
The mixing conditions and the mixing device are not particularly limited, and conventionally known stirring or mixing devices, for example, a horizontal cylindrical mixer (with internal blades), a V-type mixer (with stirring blades), Conical mixers, ribbon mixers, rotor mixers with single-screw rods or pins, double-screw paddle mixers (pug mills), conical screw mixers, high-speed flow mixers, rotating disk mixers, Maller mixer, air-flow mixer, non-agitator mixer, double-arm kneader, internal mixer, three-roll mixer, continuous muller mixer, co-kneader, votator mixer, self-cleaning Although it can be carried out by appropriately using a mold kneading machine or the like, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these representative examples. It is sufficient that the raw material components are uniformly mixed by mixing the raw materials.
[0103]
Next, the forming conditions and forming apparatus for forming into a predetermined shape are also not particularly limited, and according to the form of the target composite ceramics and the like, a forming apparatus used for conventionally known ceramic processing and the like, For example, extrusion molding method for extruding a material from a mold by an extrusion press, immersion molding method for adhering the material to the mold, press molding machine, putting the material in a mold by hot press, etc., and performing stamping molding or press molding (compression molding). It can be carried out by appropriately using a stamping method to be performed, a casting method of putting a material into a mold by slip casting, etc., but when molding or granulating a granular material Preferably, the mixing operation and the molding operation are continuously and integrally processed using a kneading device. The method for producing a volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention is advantageous in that sufficient pressure molding can be performed in the molding process. In other words, even if pressure molding is performed so as to obtain a desired strength, the volatile component (including water) present in the molded product is evaporated or volatilized at the time of baking or drying, so that the porous material can be easily made porous. This is to be done.
[0104]
Next, in the case where water is used, it is desirable to perform drying before calcination at a temperature at which moisture in the molded body obtained by the molding process is almost completely removed as a drying condition. Specifically, the drying temperature is in the range of 60 to 95 ° C, preferably 65 to 85 ° C, more preferably 70 to 80 ° C, and the drying time is 1 to 3 hours, preferably 1.5 to 2 hours. It is. If the drying temperature is less than 60 ° C. or the calcination time is less than 1 hour, sufficient drying cannot be performed, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the drying temperature exceeds 95 ° C. or when the drying time exceeds 3 hours, sufficient drying can be performed already, and the effect corresponding to hand weaving and further drying cannot be obtained, which is uneconomical. The water content after drying is desirably 2% by weight or less, preferably less than 1% by weight.
[0105]
Next, the calcination condition may be a temperature at which the volatile components (including water) in the molded product obtained by the molding process are completely removed and the binder is in a state where it can be sufficiently fused. . Specifically, the calcination temperature is in the range of 500 to 750C, preferably 500 to 650C, and the calcination time is 1 to 3 hours, preferably 1 to 2 hours. If the calcination temperature is less than 500 ° C. or if the calcination time is less than 1 hour, it is not preferable because sufficient strength cannot be obtained or porosity cannot be achieved. On the other hand, when the calcination temperature exceeds 750 ° C. or when the calcination time exceeds 3 hours, sufficient strength and porosity can be achieved, but a part of the raw material is decomposed and the active sites are reduced. Is not preferred.
[0106]
The calcining apparatus is not particularly limited, and a calcining apparatus or a kneading apparatus having a heating means may be appropriately used in addition to a conventionally known heating apparatus.
[0107]
The volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention can use the above composite ceramics alone. For example, an interior material such as wallpaper can carry or contain a volatile organic compound reducing material composed of the fine powder of the composite ceramic. In addition, the above-mentioned composite ceramics may be added to chemicals such as adhesives, termitic agents, plasticizers, preservatives, deodorants, volatile organic compound adsorbents, and paints in the same manner as the existing inorganic additives. it can. For example, a volatile organic compound reducing material obtained by adding a composite ceramic to an existing adhesive or paint used for plywood or the like can also be used. As described above, the volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention has a very wide range of application, including building materials and interior materials used in rooms such as detached houses and condominiums, and furniture and the like placed in rooms of such houses and condominiums. Can also be used widely.
[0108]
Next, the volatile organic compound reducing material according to the present invention will be described below.
[0109]
The embodiment of the volatile organic compound reducing material having the composite ceramic according to the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, (1) when directly used, impregnated, press-fitted, kneaded, mixed, mixed, injected, inserted, etc. in building materials, interior materials, furniture materials, etc., (2) building materials, interior materials, furniture materials (3) building materials, interior materials, etc. when used on the surface (outer surface, inner surface = adhered bonding surface) or inner surface (inner laminated surface) (4) Building materials in which a raw material base material (composition) is added as a compounding agent so as to constitute a part of a furniture material, and is used after being formed into a desired shape, for example, a plate shape. For use as an adhesive, termite-controlling agent, plasticizer, preservative, deodorant, paint, etc. used for interior materials and furniture, it is used as an adhesive etc. by adding to these raw materials such as adhesives. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
[0110]
One of the uses of the volatile organic compound reducing material is a drug characterized by having the volatile organic compound reducing material. Examples of such agents include adhesives, termites, wood preservatives, paints, preservatives, and the like, which are contained in building materials and the like or used during construction of building materials and interior materials. In particular, by adding and blending the volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention to a chemical containing a volatile organic compound, after construction materials and interior materials are constructed, before the volatile organic compounds are released. It can be suitably absorbed and decomposed.
[0111]
The content of the composite ceramics, which is the active ingredient in the drug, varies depending on the content of the volatile organic compound used in each drug and the embodiment of each drug, etc., but the emission concentration of the volatile organic compound is below the legal standard value. And any other properties shown in Table 5 above can be effectively exerted, if necessary, and usually 3 to 50% by mass, and preferably 3 to 15% by mass, based on the whole drug. %, More preferably 3 to 10% by mass, even more preferably 3 to 5% by mass. When the content of the composite ceramics is less than 3% by mass, there is a possibility that the emission concentration of the volatile organic compound cannot be sufficiently reduced. Performance may be impaired.
[0112]
The adhesive, termiticides, wood preservatives, paints, preservatives other than the volatile organic compound reducing material other component configuration and the like is not particularly limited, and conventionally known ones It can be used as appropriate. As volatile organic compounds contained in these chemicals, for example, adhesives such as plywood, particle board, glass wool, flooring, vinyl wallpaper, ceiling materials, formaldehyde, which is a carcinogen, is used. As a solvent (volatile solvent) for paints and adhesives such as oil-based varnishes, woodwork bonds, one-part urethane resin adhesives, and vinyl acetate resin emulsion adhesives, toluene, xylene, etc. are used. Adhesives such as resin paints and acrylic resin paints, and solvents (volatile solvents) for paints, such as xylene, are used. Termites used in wood treatment and soil treatment for controlling termites (especially in the field) Chlorpyrifos, etc. of organic phosphorus are used for processing and chemical injection, and plasticizers used for processing wallpaper, flooring, etc. Phthalic acid esters are used. For drugs containing these volatile organic compounds, the volatile organic compound reducing material of the present invention can reduce the concentration of any of them by the action of absorption, decomposition, and the like. It can prevent the onset.
[0113]
One of the uses of the volatile organic compound reducing material is as a building material, interior material and furniture characterized by having the volatile organic compound reducing material. By using these applications, the onset of sick house syndrome can be effectively prevented.
[0114]
Here, building materials include, for example, plywood such as ordinary plywood, structural plywood, and special plywood; fiberboard, particle board, wall board, glass wool, heat insulating material, flooring, fittings, door frames, skirting boards, and peripheral edges of ceilings. , Decorative columns, and their bases, but are not limited to these.
[0115]
The content of the composite ceramic as an active ingredient in such a building material varies depending on the usage mode shown below, but is usually 5 to 20 g / m2. ² , Preferably 5 to 15 g / m ² , More preferably 5 to 10 g / m ² Is desirably within the range. The content of composite ceramics is 5g / m ² If it is less than 3, the effect of reducing volatile organic compounds may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, the content of the composite ceramic is 20 g / m ² In the case of exceeding, the effect of reducing volatile organic compounds can be obtained, but the building materials are heavy, so it is necessary to use members necessary to provide sufficient design strength against increased load in housing design. There is a possibility that there will be extra restrictions such as that there is, and it will be difficult to handle.
[0116]
The content of composite ceramics as an active ingredient in building materials was determined by measuring the indoor concentration of formaldehyde, a typical chemical substance of volatile organic compounds, at room temperature of 25 ° C for 1 m. ³ It is characterized in that it is contained so as to be kept at 0.08 ppm or less. These concentrations can be measured experimentally in accordance with the measurement method in the indoor pollutant standard defined by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) and JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standards). You may use it. For example, the measurement of chemical substances in indoor air using the building material of the present invention in a newly built house is for estimating the maximum concentration of volatile organic compounds in indoor air. The above is sealed, and thereafter, the concentration is measured for about 30 minutes and expressed as a measured concentration. On the other hand, the measurement of chemical substances in indoor air using the building material of the present invention in living houses is for estimating the abundance and exposure of volatile organic compounds in living and normal times, and is collected for 24 hours. Expressed as the measured concentration. There are a total of three places for collecting air samples: a living room, two bedrooms, and one outdoor location. As the value of the indoor concentration, a value in a high room in a living room or a bedroom is to be evaluated.
[0117]
Preferably, the content of the composite ceramics as an active ingredient in the building material is such that the toluene concentration is 1 m at room temperature 25 ° C. in addition to the formaldehyde concentration. ³ 0.07ppm or less, xylene concentration 1m at room temperature 25 ° C ³ 0.20 ppm or less, 1m at room temperature 25 ° C ³ It is desirable that the content be contained so as to be maintained at 0.04 ppm or less.
[0118]
Formaldehyde is obtained by DNPH-derivatized solid-phase adsorption / solvent extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography. Other volatile organic compounds can be obtained by solid-phase adsorption / solvent extraction, solid-phase adsorption / thermal desorption or a combination of container sampling and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry, but are not limited thereto. Absent.
[0119]
In addition, examples of the interior material include, but are not limited to, wallpaper, carpet, carpet pad, and the like. Further, the interior material of the present invention can be applied not only to a room such as a house, but also to the inside of a vehicle such as an automobile or an aircraft or the inside of an aircraft.
[0120]
The content of the composite ceramic as an active ingredient in such an interior material varies depending on the usage mode shown below, but is usually 5 to 20 g / m2. ² , Preferably 5 to 15 g / m ² , More preferably 5 to 10 g / m ² Is desirably within the range. The content of composite ceramics is 5g / m ² If it is less than 3, the effect of reducing volatile organic compounds may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, the content of the composite ceramic is 20 g / m ² In the case of exceeding, although the effect of reducing volatile organic compounds can be obtained, it becomes difficult to handle because the interior material is heavy, and it is necessary to increase the adhesive strength. This may lead to an increase in the amount of the organic compound used.
[0121]
The content of the composite ceramics, which is an active ingredient in the interior material, is determined by measuring the indoor concentration of formaldehyde, which is a typical chemical substance of volatile organic compounds, at a room temperature of 25 ° C. for 1 m. ³ It is characterized in that it is contained so as to be kept at 0.08 ppm or less. In the measurement of these concentrations, JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), JAS (Japanese Agricultural and Forestry Standards), wallpaper, etc. have the standard of ISM as a guideline for interior materials. It may be determined experimentally or may be performed using a house using interior materials. For example, the measurement of chemical substances in indoor air using the interior material of the present invention in a newly built house is for estimating the maximum concentration of volatile organic compounds in indoor air. Seal for at least an hour, and then collect for approximately 30 minutes and represent the measured concentration. On the other hand, the measurement of chemical substances in indoor air using the interior material of the present invention in living houses is for estimating the abundance and exposure of volatile organic compounds in living and normal times, Expressed as the measured concentration. There are a total of three places for collecting air samples: a living room, two bedrooms, and one outdoor location. As the value of the indoor concentration, a value in a high room in a living room or a bedroom is to be evaluated.
[0122]
Preferably, the content of the composite ceramics as an active ingredient in the interior material is such that the toluene concentration is 1 m at room temperature 25 ° C. in addition to the formaldehyde concentration. ³ 0.07ppm or less, xylene concentration 1m at room temperature 25 ° C ³ 0.20 ppm or less, 1m at room temperature 25 ° C ³ It is desirable that the content be contained so as to be maintained at 0.04 ppm or less.
[0123]
Formaldehyde is obtained by DNPH-derivatized solid-phase adsorption / solvent extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography. Other volatile organic compounds can be obtained by solid-phase adsorption / solvent extraction, solid-phase adsorption / thermal desorption or a combination of container sampling and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry, but are not limited thereto. Absent.
[0124]
Furniture further includes, but is not limited to, for example, a chest of drawers, a table, an upholstered chair, a desk, a wooden bookcase, a furniture-like kotatsu, and the like.
[0125]
The content of the composite ceramics as an active ingredient in such furniture varies depending on the usage mode shown below, but is usually 5 to 20 g / m2. ² , Preferably 5 to 15 g / m ² , More preferably 5 to 10 g / m ² Is desirably within the range. The content of composite ceramics is 5g / m ² If it is less than 3, the effect of reducing volatile organic compounds may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, the content of the composite ceramic is 20 g / m ² In the case of exceeding, although the effect of reducing the volatile organic compound can be obtained, it becomes difficult to handle because the furniture becomes heavy.
[0126]
The content of the composite ceramics, which is an active ingredient in furniture, was determined by measuring the indoor concentration of formaldehyde, a typical chemical substance of volatile organic compounds, at room temperature of 25 ° C for 1 m. ³ It is characterized in that it is contained so as to be kept at 0.08 ppm or less. Preferably, the content of the composite ceramics as an active ingredient in the building material is such that the toluene concentration is 1 m at room temperature 25 ° C. in addition to the formaldehyde concentration. ³ 0.07ppm or less, xylene concentration 1m at room temperature 25 ° C ³ 0.20 ppm or less, 1m at room temperature 25 ° C ³ It is desirable that the content be contained so as to be maintained at 0.04 ppm or less. The measurement of these concentrations can be performed in the same manner as the above-mentioned building materials and the like, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0127]
The use of the volatile organic compound reducing material in these building materials, interior materials, and furniture does not matter in what manner of use. For example, in the case of (1) used in building materials, interior materials, furniture materials, including, impregnating, press-fitting, kneading, mixing, mixing, pouring, inserting, etc., (2) carried on the surfaces of building materials, interior materials, furniture materials (3) Cases in which it is formed into a plate shape so as to constitute a part of building materials, interior materials, furniture materials, etc. (4) Examples of use as adhesives, termites, plasticizers, preservatives, deodorants, paints, and the like used in building materials, interior materials, and furniture, but are not limited thereto. .
[0128]
The building materials, interior materials, and furniture of the present invention have, in addition to the above-mentioned usage modes, further, chemicals such as adhesives and paints containing a volatile organic compound reducing material, which are used when these are installed in houses. May be included.
[0129]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples.
[0130]
Using the volatile organic compound reducing materials 1 to 7 composed of the composite ceramics 1 to 7 having the composition shown in Table 4, the reducing effects on the volatile organic compounds shown in Table 6 below were experimentally measured. Specifically, the concentration reduction rates of formaldehyde, benzene, chloroform, xylene, and acetone, which are one of the causes of sick house syndrome, were measured. An appropriate amount of a product (adhesive, etc.) containing each chemical substance is placed in the bottom of a container (desiccator), left at room temperature for 5 minutes, and gas components are collected from the container, and the concentration of each chemical substance is measured. Was defined as “concentration before the action of composite ceramics”. Next, a filter on which the sample of the present invention (coarse-grained composite ceramics 1 to 7 having a particle size of 2 mm) was placed quickly at an appropriate position of the container (desiccator), allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then gas was removed from the container. The components were sampled, and the concentrations of the respective chemical substances were measured, and the result was defined as “composite ceramic action × concentration after 5 minutes of aging”. The concentration of each chemical substance was measured by gas chromatography. Since the measurement results of the composite ceramics 1 to 7 showed almost the same results, their average values are shown in Table 6 below.
[0131]
[Table 6]

[0132]
【The invention's effect】
The volatile organic compound reducing material having the composite ceramic of the present invention can significantly reduce the concentration by effectively absorbing and decomposing the total volatile organic compound. Therefore, by using it for paints, building materials, furniture, wallpaper, adhesives, etc., which are the sources of volatile organic compounds that cause sick house syndrome, it is possible to effectively absorb and decompose volatile organic compounds. It is a breakthrough that can be done.

Claims (27)

A volatile organic compound reducing material, comprising a composite ceramic containing at least one selected from the group consisting of serpentine, dolomite and lithium compound. 2. The volatile organic material according to claim 1, wherein the dolomite contains unfired dolomite and / or fired dolomite obtained by firing unfired dolomite at 900 to 1200 ° C. 3. Compound reducing material. 3. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to claim 1, wherein the lithium compound contains lithium carbonate and / or lithium phosphate. 4. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of the serpentine is in a range of 25 to 50% by mass with respect to the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of the dolomite is in a range of 25 to 50% by mass with respect to the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the content of the lithium carbonate is in a range of 22 to 25% by mass with respect to the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the content of the lithium phosphate is in a range of 22 to 25% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the content of the lithium compound is in a range of 22 to 50% by mass with respect to the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the composite ceramic contains amphibole. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to claim 9, wherein the content of the amphibole is in a range of 22 to 50% by mass based on the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composite ceramic further contains silica. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to claim 11, wherein the content of the silica is in a range of 1 to 3% by mass with respect to the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composite ceramic contains titanium oxide. 14. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to claim 13, wherein the content of the titanium oxide is in a range of 2% by mass or less based on the entire composite ceramics. The volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the particle size of the composite ceramics is 5 to 74 µm. A drug comprising at least one volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 15. 17. The agent according to claim 16, wherein the agent is at least one compounding agent selected from the group consisting of an adhesive, a termiticide, a wood preservative, a paint, and a preservative. 18. The medicine according to claim 16, wherein the content of the composite ceramics as an active ingredient is in a range of 3 to 15% by mass based on the whole medicine. A building material characterized by comprising at least one of the volatile organic compound reducing material according to claim 1 and the chemical agent according to claim 16. The building material according to claim 19, wherein the composite ceramic as an active ingredient is contained in a range of 5 to ²⁰ g / m2. 21. The building material according to claim 19, wherein the composite ceramic as an active ingredient is contained such that the indoor concentration of formaldehyde is maintained at 0.08 ppm or less in 1 m ³ at room temperature of 25 ° C. 21. An interior material comprising at least one of the volatile organic compound reducing material according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and the chemical agent according to any one of claims 16 to 18. 23. The interior material according to claim 22, wherein the composite ceramic as an active ingredient is contained in a range of 5 to ²⁰ g / m2. 24. The interior material according to claim 22, wherein the composite ceramic as an active ingredient is contained such that the indoor concentration of formaldehyde is maintained at 0.08 ppm or less in 1 m ³ at room temperature of 25 ° C. Furniture, characterized by using at least one of the volatile organic compound reducing material according to claim 1 and the chemical agent according to claim 16 to 18. The furniture according to claim 25, wherein the composite ceramic as an active ingredient is contained in a range of 5 to ²⁰ g / m2. An effective component composite ceramics, furniture according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that it is contained so as to maintain the indoor concentration of formaldehyde to less than 0.08ppm in 1 m ³ at room temperature 25 ° C..