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JP2004049197A - Cell culture compositions containing synthetic polymers - Google Patents

Cell culture compositions containing synthetic polymers Download PDF

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JP2004049197A
JP2004049197A JP2002241203A JP2002241203A JP2004049197A JP 2004049197 A JP2004049197 A JP 2004049197A JP 2002241203 A JP2002241203 A JP 2002241203A JP 2002241203 A JP2002241203 A JP 2002241203A JP 2004049197 A JP2004049197 A JP 2004049197A
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cells
culture
polymer
medium
cell culture
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Mutsumi Takagi
高木 睦
Toshiomi Yoshida
吉田 敏臣
Shigeyuki Wakitani
脇谷 滋之
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Abstract

【課題】本発明は、合成ポリマーを足場とする三次元細胞培養において、ポリマーの分解産物による培養に対する阻害作用を低減する培養組成物を提供することを課題とする。
【解決手段】本発明は少なくとも、細胞の他に少なくとも固体合成ポリマーと液体培地からなる動物細胞培養において、液体培地体積がポリマーかさ体積の5倍以上あることを特徴とする培養組成物に関する。
【選択図】 図1
An object of the present invention is to provide a culture composition which reduces the inhibitory effect on the culture by degradation products of a polymer in a three-dimensional cell culture using a synthetic polymer as a scaffold.
The present invention relates to a culture composition characterized in that, in an animal cell culture comprising at least a solid synthetic polymer and a liquid medium in addition to cells, the volume of the liquid medium is at least 5 times the bulk volume of the polymer.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、合成ポリマーを含む細胞培養組成物に係わる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年ヒト細胞などの動物細胞を用いた組織再生に関する基礎的知見が多々発見されその臨床応用に期待が寄せられている。それに用いる細胞としては,分化がほぼ終了した細胞と未分化で多分化能を有した細胞とに分けられる。前者の例をしては,皮膚表皮細胞を用いた培養皮膚形成、患者の関節軟骨を正常部位から疾患部位へ移植する軟骨移植などがある。また、後者の例として,骨髄中にある造血幹細胞を用いた血液系、免疫系細胞の増殖,移植、同じく骨髄中にある間葉系幹細胞から骨,軟骨、筋肉の再生などが考えられる。さらに受精卵中の細胞に由来する胚由来幹細胞(ES細胞)はすべての組織のすべての細胞に分化する能力を保持していると考えられており、組織再生に利用できる可能性がある。
【0003】ここで、このような組織再生に必要な三要素がある。この第1は上記のような種々の細胞である。第2に必要な要素は、細胞の分化を促進したり、性能を維持したり、増殖させるのに必要な生理活性物質である。この生理活性物質には、増殖因子やサイトカインなどがある。さらに、大部分の動物細胞は浮遊状態では増殖はもちろんのこと生存もできず、どこかに接着する必要がある。この細胞が接着する場所のことを足場といい、これが第3の要素である。また、細胞を用いて組織を再生するということは、通常の細胞培養のように培養器(ディッシュ)底面に平面的に細胞を培養するだけでは不十分であり、立体的な形状を持った三次元的な培養が必要となる。そのために細胞の足場となるために種々の材料が研究開発されている。天然物質からなる足場としてコラーゲンやアガロースなどのゲルに細胞を包埋して培養する方法があるが、これらのゲルは細胞に対する親和性が高いという長所があるが、機械的な強度が低い点が欠点である。そこで、人工的な高分子材料を用いた三次元的な足場材料が種々考案されている。人工的な足場材料のうち、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、セラミックスなどは優れた機械的強度があるが、生体中に移植したあとほとんど分解されないという特徴を持つ。これに対して、移植後、足場材料が消失したほうが臨床上好ましい場合が多く、このような理由から、移植後に生体内で消失される生体吸収性高分子が研究されている。生体吸収性高分子の生体内における分解のメカニズムには、酵素的なものや非酵素的なものがある。このような生体吸収性高分子の代表例として、ポリL乳酸(PLLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、乳酸ポリグリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)などがある。特に乳酸ポリグリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)は、創傷部を覆い保護することにより創傷の治癒を促進する効果があり、既に創傷被覆材として例えばバイクリルメッシュ(ジョンソン・エンド・ジョンソン社、医療用具承認番号:16300BZY01152000)の商品名で市販され医療応用されている。したがって、乳酸ポリグリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)は人体へ用いた際の安全性が既に認められているという点で、本発明に用いる生体吸収性高分子としては特に有用である。
【0004】生体吸収性高分子と生体非吸収性高分子とではその分解速度には差があるが、いずれにしてもこのような人工的なポリマーを足場に用いる場合、それらは徐々に分解され、モノマーやオリゴマー、あるいはそれらの修飾物等、分解産物が生じる。このような足場を用いた再生培養物を体内に移植する時、これら分解産物が顕著な毒性を示さないものが通常選択される。この場合、分解産物自体が無毒な場合と、分解産物自体は有毒だが体内での分解速度が遅い、血液などの体液により希釈されるために毒性を示さない場合とが考えられる。このような場合でも、移植前の培養段階では、希釈が行われない、細胞の分解活性が高い、などの理由により分解産物が培養物内に高濃度に蓄積され、培養の進行を阻害することが多かった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、合成ポリマーを足場とする三次元細胞培養において、ポリマーの分解産物による培養に対する阻害作用を低減する培養組成物を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述の課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、本発明を完成させたものである。即ち、本発明は少なくとも、細胞の他に少なくとも固体合成ポリマーと液体培地からなる動物細胞培養において、液体培地体積がポリマーかさ体積の5倍以上あることを特徴とする培養組成物に関する。
【0007】
本発明で用いる細胞は、動物由来の細胞であり、動物の種類としては鳥類、爬虫類、両生類、魚類、哺乳類などを挙げることができる。哺乳類動物としては、たとえばヒト、サル、ウシ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ウマ、ネズミなどを例としてあげることができる。また、動物から採取してから一般的に50回程度までの限られた回数のみ分裂、増殖できる初代細胞および動物から採取された後一般に50回以上の多数回分裂、増殖できる細胞株の両方とも用いることができる。初代細胞を採取する部位としては、たとえば、肝臓、心臓、膵臓、皮膚、骨、軟骨、骨髄などを例として挙げることができる。初代細胞の例として、ラット初代肝細胞、マウス初代骨髄細胞、ブタ初代肝細胞、ヒト初代臍帯血細胞などを挙げることができる。細胞株の例としては、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞株CHO細胞、ヒト子宮癌細胞株HeLa、アフリカミドリザル腎細胞株Vero細胞、ヒト肝ガン細胞株Huh7細胞などを挙げることができる。また、以上にあげた細胞に対して、プラスミドの導入、ウイルス感染などの手段により遺伝子操作を施して得られた細胞も本発明で用いることができる。また、細胞の分化状態に関しては、ほぼ全能性を持ったES細胞株など、限られた範囲の多分化能をもった造血幹細胞、間葉系幹細胞などの幹細胞、分化がほぼ終了している皮膚表皮細胞、関節軟骨細胞、肝臓実質細胞など、のすべての分化段階の細胞を含む。
【0008】本発明における固体合成ポリマーの例としては、コラーゲン、アガロースなどの天然ポリマーに生理活性ペプチドを付加するなどの修飾をくわえたポリマー、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、セラミックスやこれらの修飾物などの合成ポリマー、ポリL乳酸(PLLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、乳酸ポリグリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)などの生体吸収性をもった生体吸収性ポリマーなどを含む。
【0009】本発明における「液体培地」とは、細胞の増殖及び維持を支援すべく使用される成長因子及び栄養素を含む標準培地や標準培地に動物血清をはじめとする種々の添加物を加えた培地である。用いる標準培地は培養を所望する細胞種によって異なり、通常動物細胞の培養で用いられるイスコフ培地、RPMI培地、ダルベッコMEM培地など培地を用いうるが、公知文献等により、細胞の増殖及び維持に有効であることが知られている血清以外の因子、たとえば血清アルブミン、トランスフェリン、脂質及び脂肪酸源、コレステロール、ピルビン酸塩、グルココルチコイド、DNA及びRNA合成用ヌクレオシド、増殖因子(例えば表皮成長因子、線維芽細胞成長因子、血小板由来成長因子及びインシュリン)、並びに細胞外マトリックス細胞(例えばコラーゲン、フィブロネクチン及びラミニン)等を添加してもよい。
【0010】本発明における液体培地体積とは、培養物を含んでいる培養器内に存在する液体培地全体の体積である。ポリマーかさ体積とは、固体ポリマーが粒子状の場合は培養器内における沈降体積、ポリマーがシート状、円柱状などの場合は固体ポリマー材料の外側体積である。
【0011】
【実施例】以下に実施例により本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらにより限定されるものではない。
【0012】
【実施例1】
ブタの大腿骨ヒザ関節軟骨をメスで採取し、0.25%コラゲナーゼ溶液(DMEM+10%FCSに溶かす。)に懸濁し、37℃で4時間インキュベートして、軟骨細胞懸濁液を得た。氷浴中の15ml容遠心管の中でMEM培地(10倍濃度、LIFE TECHNOLOGIES)0.9ml、Hepes(100倍濃度)0.09ml、NaHCO(100倍濃度)0.09ml、抗生物質0.09ml、蒸留水0.63ml、ウシ胎仔血清1mlをこの順によく混合しながら加え、このうちの360μLに上記の軟骨細胞(10×10cells)を加えよくピペッティングした。さらに、コラーゲン(高研、0.5%)を920μl加え十分混合した。そして、底部にPLGAメッシュの円盤(J&J社製、厚み0.25mm、直径6.3mm、かさ体積8μL)を5枚敷いた96穴ウェルプレート(SUMILON、Cat.No.MS−8096)に、本混合液を40μL注入した。プレートを37℃、5%COインキュベーター内に移し、30分間コラーゲンをゲル化させた。ゲルの上に種々の量の培地を重層した。グルコースが枯渇する前に培地を交換しながら2週間培養し、グルコース濃度測定値からグルコース消費速度を計算した。その結果、図1に示すように、重層した培地量が少ないものは高頻度で培地交換したにもかかわらず、グルコース消費速度が急速に低下したが、重層した培地量が多いものはグルコース消費速度が高い値で安定していた。すなわち、重層した培地がメッシュ体積の5以上の場合に、細胞の活性は高く維持された。
【0013】
【発明の効果】以上示したように、本発明によれば細胞の他に少なくとも固体合成ポリマーと液体培地からなる動物細胞培養のための培養組成物を提供することができる。
【0014】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1の重層培地の量とグルコース消費速度の関係を示す図である。
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a cell culture composition comprising a synthetic polymer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, many basic findings regarding tissue regeneration using animal cells such as human cells have been discovered, and their clinical application is expected. The cells used for this purpose are classified into cells that have almost completely differentiated and cells that are undifferentiated and have multipotency. Examples of the former include cultured skin formation using skin epidermal cells and cartilage transplantation for transplanting a patient's articular cartilage from a normal site to a diseased site. Examples of the latter include proliferation and transplantation of blood and immune cells using hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow, and regeneration of bone, cartilage, and muscle from mesenchymal stem cells also in bone marrow. Furthermore, embryo-derived stem cells (ES cells) derived from cells in a fertilized egg are considered to have the ability to differentiate into all cells in all tissues, and may be used for tissue regeneration.
Here, there are three factors necessary for such tissue regeneration. The first is various cells as described above. The second necessary element is a bioactive substance required to promote cell differentiation, maintain performance, and proliferate. The physiologically active substance includes a growth factor and a cytokine. In addition, most animal cells cannot survive as well as proliferate in suspension, and need to adhere somewhere. The place where the cells adhere is called a scaffold, and this is the third element. In addition, to regenerate tissue using cells, it is not enough to culture cells flat on the bottom of the incubator (dish) as in normal cell culture. Original culture is required. For that purpose, various materials have been researched and developed to serve as a scaffold for cells. There is a method of embedding cells in a gel such as collagen or agarose as a scaffold made of a natural substance, and culturing them.These gels have the advantage of high affinity for cells, but have the advantage of low mechanical strength. It is a disadvantage. Therefore, various three-dimensional scaffold materials using artificial polymer materials have been devised. Among the artificial scaffold materials, polyester, polyethylene, ceramics, and the like have excellent mechanical strength, but are characterized by being hardly decomposed after implantation into a living body. In contrast, it is often clinically preferable that the scaffold material disappears after transplantation. For this reason, bioabsorbable polymers that disappear in vivo after transplantation have been studied. The mechanism of in vivo degradation of a bioabsorbable polymer includes enzymatic and non-enzymatic ones. Representative examples of such bioabsorbable polymers include poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and lactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA). In particular, lactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) has the effect of promoting wound healing by covering and protecting the wound area, and has already been used as a wound dressing material, for example, Bicyclyl Mesh (Johnson & Johnson, approved as a medical device) No .: 16300BZY01152000), which is marketed and used for medical applications. Therefore, lactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) is particularly useful as a bioabsorbable polymer used in the present invention in that its safety when used on the human body has already been recognized.
[0004] Degradation rates of bioabsorbable polymers and non-bioabsorbable polymers are different. In any case, when such artificial polymers are used as scaffolds, they are gradually degraded. Decomposition products such as monomers, oligomers, or modified products thereof are generated. When a regenerated culture using such a scaffold is transplanted into a living body, those in which these degradation products do not show significant toxicity are usually selected. In this case, it is considered that the degradation product itself is non-toxic, or the degradation product itself is toxic but has a slow degradation rate in the body, and does not show toxicity because it is diluted by a body fluid such as blood. Even in such cases, in the culture stage before transplantation, degradation products are accumulated at high concentrations in the culture due to reasons such as no dilution and high cell degrading activity, which inhibits the progress of culture. There were many.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a culture composition that reduces the inhibitory effect of a degradation product of a polymer on culture in three-dimensional cell culture using a synthetic polymer as a scaffold.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention relates to a culture composition characterized in that, in an animal cell culture comprising at least a solid synthetic polymer and a liquid medium in addition to cells, the volume of the liquid medium is at least 5 times the volume of the polymer.
[0007]
The cell used in the present invention is a cell derived from an animal, and examples of the animal include birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, mammals, and the like. Examples of mammals include humans, monkeys, cows, pigs, sheep, horses, rats, and the like. In addition, both primary cells that can divide and proliferate only for a limited number of times, generally up to about 50 times from an animal, and cell lines that can divide and proliferate more than 50 times generally after being collected from an animal, Can be used. Examples of the site from which primary cells are collected include liver, heart, pancreas, skin, bone, cartilage, bone marrow, and the like. Examples of primary cells include rat primary hepatocytes, mouse primary bone marrow cells, pig primary hepatocytes, human primary cord blood cells, and the like. Examples of cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO cells, human uterine cancer cell line HeLa, African green monkey kidney cell line Vero cell, and human liver cancer cell line Huh7 cell. In addition, cells obtained by subjecting the above-described cells to genetic manipulation by means such as plasmid introduction or viral infection can also be used in the present invention. Regarding the differentiation state of the cells, stem cells such as hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells having a limited range of pluripotency, such as ES cell lines with almost totipotency, and skin with almost completed differentiation It includes cells at all stages of differentiation, such as epidermal cells, articular chondrocytes, and liver parenchymal cells.
Examples of solid synthetic polymers in the present invention include natural polymers such as collagen and agarose modified with a bioactive peptide and the like, and synthetic polymers such as polyester, polyethylene, ceramics and modified products thereof. , Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), bioabsorbable polymers having bioabsorbability, such as lactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA).
In the present invention, the term "liquid medium" refers to a standard medium containing growth factors and nutrients used to support the growth and maintenance of cells, and various additives such as animal serum added to the standard medium. It is a medium. The standard medium used depends on the cell type desired to be cultured, and a medium such as an Iscove medium, an RPMI medium, or a Dulbecco MEM medium that is usually used for culturing animal cells can be used. However, according to known literature, it is effective for cell growth and maintenance. Factors other than serum known to be present, such as serum albumin, transferrin, lipid and fatty acid sources, cholesterol, pyruvate, glucocorticoids, nucleosides for DNA and RNA synthesis, growth factors (eg, epidermal growth factor, fibroblasts) Growth factors, platelet-derived growth factors and insulin), extracellular matrix cells (eg, collagen, fibronectin and laminin) may be added.
[0010] The volume of the liquid medium in the present invention is the total volume of the liquid medium present in the incubator containing the culture. The polymer bulk volume is the settled volume in the incubator when the solid polymer is in the form of particles, and the outer volume of the solid polymer material when the polymer is in the form of a sheet or column.
[0011]
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but it should not be construed that the invention is limited thereto.
[0012]
Embodiment 1
Porcine femoral knee articular cartilage was collected with a scalpel, suspended in a 0.25% collagenase solution (dissolved in DMEM + 10% FCS), and incubated at 37 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a chondrocyte cell suspension. MEM medium (10-fold concentration, LIFE TECHNOLOGIES) in 15ml ml centrifuge tube ice bath 0.9 ml, Hepes (100 fold concentration) 0.09ml, NaHCO 3 (100-fold concentration) 0.09 ml, antibiotics 0. 09 ml, distilled water 0.63 ml, and fetal bovine serum 1 ml were added in this order with good mixing, and the above chondrocytes (10 × 10 5 cells) were added to 360 μL of the mixture, followed by pipetting well. Further, 920 μl of collagen (Koken, 0.5%) was added and mixed well. Then, the book was placed on a 96-well plate (SUMILON, Cat. No. MS-8096) in which five PLGA mesh disks (0.25 mm thick, 6.3 mm diameter, 8 μL bulk volume) were laid on the bottom. 40 μL of the mixture was injected. The plate was transferred to a 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 incubator and the collagen was allowed to gel for 30 minutes. Various amounts of medium were overlaid on the gel. Before the glucose was depleted, culture was performed for 2 weeks while changing the medium, and the glucose consumption rate was calculated from the measured glucose concentration. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the rate of glucose consumption was rapidly decreased in the medium with a small amount of the superimposed medium, even though the medium was changed frequently. Was stable at a high value. That is, when the layered medium had a mesh volume of 5 or more, the activity of the cells was kept high.
[0013]
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a culture composition for culturing animal cells comprising at least a solid synthetic polymer and a liquid medium in addition to cells.
[0014]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of an overlay medium and the glucose consumption rate in Example 1.

Claims (6)

細胞の他に少なくとも固体合成ポリマーと液体培地からなる動物細胞培養において、液体培地体積がポリマーかさ体積の5倍以上あることを特徴とする培養組成物。In an animal cell culture comprising at least a solid synthetic polymer and a liquid medium in addition to cells, the culture composition is characterized in that the volume of the liquid medium is at least 5 times the bulk volume of the polymer. 細胞の他に少なくとも内部にゲルを含む多孔性の合成ポリマーと液体培地からなる動物細胞培養において、液体培地体積が培養におけるポリマーかさ体積の5倍以上あることを特徴とする培養組成物。In an animal cell culture comprising a liquid synthetic medium and a porous synthetic polymer containing at least a gel inside, in addition to the cells, the volume of the liquid medium is at least 5 times the bulk of the polymer in the culture. 固体ポリマーが生分解性ポリマーである請求項1に記載の培養組成物。The culture composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid polymer is a biodegradable polymer. 多孔性のポリマーが生分解性ポリマーである請求項2に記載の培養組成物。The culture composition according to claim 2, wherein the porous polymer is a biodegradable polymer. 動物細胞が間葉系細胞である請求項3に記載の培養組成物。The culture composition according to claim 3, wherein the animal cell is a mesenchymal cell. 動物細胞が間葉系細胞である請求項4に記載の培養組成物。The culture composition according to claim 4, wherein the animal cells are mesenchymal cells.
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