JP2003291110A - Semi-combustible and noncombustible treatment methods for wood and wood materials - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Object] The object of the present invention is to impregnate and contain a certain type of boron compound in a material (cellulose, woody material, bamboo, paper, cotton, linen, etc.) composed of cellulose fiber. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the material by imparting a characteristic satisfying a performance standard as a semi-combustible material or a non-combustible material to heat without deteriorating the characteristics of the material. The method for producing a composite of a material comprising cellulosic fibers and a boron compound according to the present invention is directed to a boron compound comprising at least one of boron compounds comprising boron oxide, ammonium borate and sodium borate in water or a solvent. Is impregnated with a cellulosic material, and water or a solvent is removed by a method such as drying and evaporation to form voids of the material as well as fiber components (cell walls, fibrils, A microfibril, etc.).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a material (wood, wood material, bamboo, paper, cotton / linen cloth, etc.) made of cellulosic fibers,
A method for impregnating and containing a certain type of boron compound, imparting a characteristic satisfying the performance standard as a quasi-incombustible material or an incombustible material to heat without impairing the characteristics of the material, and improving the material Is. In addition, in the text, quasi-incombustible material is a standard as a quasi-incombustible material in the exothermic test corresponding to the performance test of the Building Material Test Method {Building Standard Act Enforcement Ordinance Article 1 No. 5 (quasi-incombustible material)}. And the non-combustible material,
It means that the performance test of the building material test method {Building Standards Act, Article 2, Item 9 (non-combustible material)} satisfies the standards for non-combustible material in the corresponding exothermic test.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Materials composed of cellulosic fibers have been used in many fields of human life since ancient times as being most accessible and accessible to human beings, for example, building and civil engineering materials, general consumables and paper. It was However, since the material burns, it is often inconvenient to use. Moreover, although biomaterials have biodegradability as a characteristic of biological materials, they often suffer from insect damage such as rot fungi and termites, and often cause inconvenience in their use. Therefore, it has often been attempted to make an inorganic compound coexist in the same material and improve the disadvantage. Conventionally, in general, a method has been generally used in which a material composed of a cellulosic fiber is impregnated with an aqueous solution in which an inorganic compound is dissolved, and then water is removed by drying. Also, recently, two kinds of water-soluble inorganic compounds are successively impregnated into wood,
A method of reacting two kinds of compounds in wood to precipitate a water-insoluble compound has been considered. The former method has a problem that since the impregnated inorganic compound is water-soluble, the inorganic compound is dissolved from the treatment material during later use.
In the latter case, since the two-step impregnation operation is performed, in the case of a complicated and large volume material, the impregnation of even the center of the material
There is a problem that it is difficult to react. In addition, a method of impregnating non-volatile oils with an inorganic compound to impart antiseptic and insect repellency has been used for a long time, but since wood is always covered with oil, it is limited to special applications. Has been used. In recent years, from the viewpoint of environmental protection, it is feared that a water-soluble inorganic compound impregnated in a material may be eluted into an external environment during use and may harm the natural environment when it is discarded after use. However, no better method has been found to provide inorganic compounds to materials consisting of cellulosic fibers in a relatively low content and environmentally safe way.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to select boron oxide and ammonium borate from a boron compound having a low solubility in water at room temperature as a material composed of a cellulosic fiber, and to select a certain amount or more thereof. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a composite of a material comprising a cellulosic fiber and a boron compound, which is suitable for improving the flammability of the material by impregnating and containing the same.

[0004]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a composite of a material comprising a cellulosic fiber and a boron compound, wherein at least one boron compound comprising boron oxide, ammonium borate and sodium borate in water or a solvent is used. A treatment liquid in which a boron compound composed of at least one species is dissolved,
Impregnate cellulosic material and then dry with water or solvent
By removing by a method such as evaporation, the above-mentioned boron compound is caused to be present in the constituent elements (cell walls, fibrils, microfibrils, etc.) of the fiber of the same material as well as the void portion of the same material.

Materials made of cellulosic fibers include wood, wood materials (plywood, fiberboard, particle board, laminated wood, etc.) and wood composites (composites in which wood and other materials are physically or chemically bonded). Body), paper / pulp and its products (paperboard, paperboard products, paper containers, paper packages, cardboard, paper tubes, etc.), plant fibers (seed fibers such as cotton, flax, hemp, etc.)
Bast fibers such as ramie, jute, kozo, mitsumata, ganpi, kenaf, leaf fibers such as Manila hemp, zile hemp, stems of agricultural products such as rice, wheat, sweet potato, corn, stems such as reeds, esparto, arundonax Stem fiber such as culm) and the same product, and bamboo and the same product can be applied and used.

The boron compound used in the present invention is composed of at least one selected from boron oxide, ammonium borate and sodium borate. Specifically, the boron oxide is diboron trioxide. , Boron dioxide, diboron dioxide, boron trioxide, tetraboron trioxide, tetraboron pentaoxide, boric anhydride, etc., and ammonium borate includes ammonium tetraborate, ammonium pentaborate, ammonium octaborate and the like. The water-containing salt etc. can be mentioned. Among the above boron compounds, when two or more kinds of boron compounds are used in combination from among boron oxide, ammonium borate and sodium borate, it is necessary to further improve the performance of the composite after quasi-incombustible / noncombustible material treatment. Is more preferable because it is possible.

The above-mentioned boron compound has a low solubility in water at room temperature, but is characterized by being soluble in a monoalcohol that swells a cellulosic material or soluble in water heated to 25 ° C. or higher. A predetermined amount of the treatment liquid dissolved in a solvent is impregnated into the cellulosic material. Water or solvent can be appropriately selected depending on the cellulosic material and boron compound used,
Preferred examples include warm water of 25 ° C. or higher, alcohols for swelling cellulosic materials, and mixtures of these alcohols and water. Further, 50% water is added to these alcohols.
The use of alcoholic water obtained by coexisting in the following amounts is more preferable because it becomes easy to control the amount of the boron compound impregnated into the material composed of the cellulosic fibers.

The ratio of the boron compound to the cellulosic material varies depending on the cellulosic material used and the boron compound or the desired degree of incombustibility.
15% of a boron compound in a material composed of cellulosic fibers
By containing the same material in a quasi-incombustible material by containing it in an amount of not less than 25% by weight, or by adding 25% by weight or more of a boron compound in a material composed of a cellulosic fiber, it becomes possible to use this material as an incombustible material.

Monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol and allyl alcohol can be used as the alcohol for swelling the above-mentioned cellulosic material.

The material composed of cellulosic fibers and the boron compound composite obtained by the present production method, for example, the wood / boron compound composite, is a quasi non-combustible material of the Building Standards method if it contains a predetermined amount or more of the boron compound. The material exhibits the performance of non-combustible material and has a high degree of dimensional stability against water. Furthermore, even if this material is used in an outdoor environment, the impregnated boron compound does not elute into water at room temperature, and the boron compound itself does not harm the human body or the environment. Sometimes it does not pollute the environment. Therefore, it is expected that the treated material will be used in a wide range of fields such as the fields of construction / civil engineering, distribution, and industrial products.

[0011]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. Example 1 A 100 × 100 mm test piece was obtained from a medium-density wood fiberboard (commercial product, 9 mm thick, hereinafter abbreviated as MDF), and ammonium borate octahydrate was dissolved in methyl alcohol.
Make the saturated solution and put the sample at room temperature (20 ℃) in the same solution.
After vacuum impregnation for 24 hours, it was dried under reduced pressure until a constant weight was reached. The impregnated amount of the obtained treated sample was measured, and an exothermic test for a nonflammable material according to the Building Standard Method was performed by a cone calorimeter method. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, M with an ammonium borate octahydrate content of 25% was obtained.
DF is an evaluation standard for non-combustible materials in a heat generation test (total heat generation for 20 minutes after starting heating is 8 MJ / m ² or less,
And the maximum heat generation rate is 200 kW continuously for 10 seconds or more
/ M ² is not exceeded). In the table, the vertical axis shows the heat generation rate (HRR, kW /
m ² ), the horizontal axis is the elapsed time (Time, sec.). (Fig. 1: Exothermic test result of untreated MDF, Fig. 2: Exothermic test result of MDF containing 25% ammonium borate octahydrate).

Example 2 A 100 × 100 mm test piece was obtained from a particle board (commercially available product, 15 mm thick, abbreviated as PB hereinafter), and 3
Ammonium borate octahydrate was dissolved in distilled water heated to 0 ° C to prepare a saturated solution, and the same solution (maintained while heating at 30 ° C) was impregnated with the sample under reduced pressure. It dried under reduced pressure until it reached. The impregnated amount of the obtained treated sample was measured, and an exothermic test for a nonflammable material according to the Building Standard Method was performed by a cone calorimeter method. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, it was confirmed that PB having an ammonium borate octahydrate content of 25% sufficiently satisfied the evaluation criteria (the above) of the non-combustible material in the exothermic test. (Fig. 3: Results of heat release test of untreated PB, Fig. 4: Results of heat release test of PB containing 25% ammonium borate octahydrate).

Example 3 From a single plate of linden wood (thickness of 3 mm), 100 × 100
Obtain a test piece of x3 mm and add boron oxide at room temperature (20 ° C)
Then, dissolve it in methyl alcohol, make a saturated solution of it,
The sample was impregnated in the same solution under reduced pressure for one day and then dried under reduced pressure until a constant weight was reached. The impregnated amount of the obtained treated sample was measured, and an exothermic test for a nonflammable material according to the Building Standard Method was performed by a cone calorimeter method. As a result, it was confirmed that the linden veneer having a boron oxide content of 30% sufficiently satisfied the evaluation criteria (the above) for non-combustible materials in the heat generation test.

Example 4 From a medium-density wood fiber board (commercially available product, 9 mm thick), 100
Obtain a test piece of 100 mm x, dissolve ammonium borate octahydrate in distilled water heated to 40 ° C to make a saturated solution, and then add boron oxide to the saturated solution at 40 ° C to saturate the solution. To prepare a mixed saturated solution
The same solution (40 ° C.) was impregnated with an MDF sample under reduced pressure for one day and then dried under reduced pressure until a constant weight was reached. The impregnated amount of the obtained treated sample was measured, and an exothermic test for a nonflammable material according to the Building Standard Method was performed by a cone calorimeter method. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, MDF containing ammonium borate octahydrate and boric oxide content of 28%
Was found to sufficiently meet the evaluation criteria for noncombustible materials (above) in the exothermic test. (FIG. 5: Results of exothermic test of MDF containing ammonium borate and 28% boron oxide)

Example 5 From a medium-density wood fiber board (commercially available product, 9 mm thick), 100
After obtaining a test piece of x100 mm, at room temperature (20 ° C.), boron oxide was dissolved in denatured ethyl alcohol to make a saturated solution, and the sample was impregnated under reduced pressure all day and night,
Vacuum drying was performed until a constant weight was reached. The impregnated amount of the obtained treated sample was measured, and the exothermic test for the quasi-incombustible material of the Building Standard Method was conducted by the cone calorimeter method. As a result, the MDF having a boron oxide content of 20% was evaluated in the exothermic test as a quasi-incombustible material evaluation standard (total calorific value for 10 minutes after the start of heating is 8 MJ / m ² or less, and the maximum heat generation rate is It was observed that the value of 200 kW / m ² should not be exceeded for 10 seconds or more). (FIG. 6: Results of exothermic test of MDF containing 20% of boron oxide).

Example 6 A 100 × 100 mm test piece was obtained from linen (commercial product), and ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate was dissolved in methyl alcohol at room temperature (20 ° C.) to prepare a saturated solution thereof.
The sample was impregnated in the same solution under reduced pressure for one day and then dried under reduced pressure until a constant weight was reached. The impregnated amount of the obtained treated sample was measured, and the exothermic test for the quasi-incombustible material of the Building Standard Method was conducted by the cone calorimeter method. As a result, the content of ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate was 30%.
It was found in the exothermic test that the linen cloth of No. 2 fully satisfies the evaluation criteria for the non-combustible material (described above). (FIG. 7: Exothermic test results of linen cloth containing 30% ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate)

[0017]

As shown in the above embodiments, by impregnating and containing a boron compound in a material composed of a cellulosic fiber, a semi-incombustible material or an incombustible material against heat can be obtained without impairing the characteristics of the material. It was found that the performance standard as a material could be satisfied.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1: Pyrogenicity test results of untreated MDF.

FIG. 2: Exothermic test results of MDF containing 25% ammonium borate octahydrate.

FIG. 3: Pyrogenicity test results of untreated PB

FIG. 4: Pyrogenicity test results of PB containing 25% ammonium borate octahydrate.

FIG. 5: Ammonium borate and boron oxide 28%
Fever test result of contained MDF

FIG. 6: Exothermic test results of MDF containing 20% boron oxide.

Figure 7: Ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate 30%
Result of heat generation test of contained linen cloth

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A treatment solution in which a boron compound comprising at least one selected from boron oxide, ammonium borate and sodium borate is dissolved in water or a solvent,
A quasi-incombustible and incombustible treatment method for a cellulosic material, which comprises impregnating and drying the cellulosic material. 2. The quasi-incombustible and incombustible treatment method for a cellulosic material according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is alcoholic water obtained by allowing water to coexist in alcohol in an amount of 50% or less. 3. The boron compound is at least boron oxide,
2. At least two selected from ammonium borate and sodium borate.
And the method for semi-incombustible and incombustible treatment of a cellulosic material according to 2).