JP2003120504A - Wind power generator - Google Patents
Wind power generatorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003120504A JP2003120504A JP2001317922A JP2001317922A JP2003120504A JP 2003120504 A JP2003120504 A JP 2003120504A JP 2001317922 A JP2001317922 A JP 2001317922A JP 2001317922 A JP2001317922 A JP 2001317922A JP 2003120504 A JP2003120504 A JP 2003120504A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- power
- rotation speed
- wind
- controller
- synchronous generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Landscapes
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【課題】風力発電システムにおいて、風速変動に起因す
る出力変動を高応答に抑制しながら、高効率に発電する
と共に、風車の速度制御及び構造を簡素化した風力発電
装置を提供することを目的とする。
【解決手段】風速検出器２１からの風速に応じた効率的
な回転速度と、回転速度検出器１１からの風車の回転速
度との差分を回転速度制御器１２に入力し、回転速度制
御器からの有効電力指令と同期発電機２からの有効電力
との差分を電力制御器例えば１３に入力し、電力制御器
１３は有効電力指令に従って同期発電機の出力を制御
し、同期発電機の出力の増減に応じて風車１の回転速度
を制御する。
(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide a wind power generation system that generates power with high efficiency while suppressing output fluctuation caused by fluctuations in wind speed with high response and simplifies wind turbine speed control and structure. The purpose is to provide. A difference between an efficient rotational speed corresponding to a wind speed from a wind speed detector 21 and a rotational speed of a windmill from the rotational speed detector 11 is input to the rotational speed controller 12, and the rotational speed controller The difference between the active power command and the active power from the synchronous generator 2 is input to the power controller, for example 13, and the power controller 13 controls the output of the synchronous generator according to the active power command, and the output of the synchronous generator The rotational speed of the windmill 1 is controlled according to the increase / decrease.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は風車により駆動され
る同期発電機の出力変動を抑制する風力発電装置に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wind turbine generator that suppresses output fluctuation of a synchronous generator driven by a wind turbine.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来の風力発電システムを説明する。風
車は同期発電機に接続され、風のエネルギーによって風
車が回転し、風車が同期発電機を駆動することで同期発
電機が発電する。同期発電機の出力する交流電力は順変
換器により直流電力に変換され、さらに逆変換器により
商用周波数の交流電力に変換されて電力系統に供給され
る。一例として、特開平２０００−３４５９５２号公報
にこのような構成の風力発電システムが記載されてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art A conventional wind power generation system will be described. The wind turbine is connected to the synchronous generator, the wind turbine rotates by the energy of the wind, and the wind turbine drives the synchronous generator to generate electric power. The AC power output from the synchronous generator is converted into DC power by the forward converter, further converted into AC power of commercial frequency by the inverse converter, and supplied to the power system. As an example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-345952 discloses a wind power generation system having such a configuration.
【０００３】一方、風力発電システムは風速の変動に大
きく影響され、風速変動に起因する出力変動は電力系統
の周波数や電圧を変動させ、電力系統に悪影響を与える
ことになるため、風力発電システムを導入する場合には
こうした出力変動を抑制することが必須となる。On the other hand, the wind power generation system is greatly affected by fluctuations in wind speed, and output fluctuations caused by fluctuations in wind speed cause fluctuations in the frequency and voltage of the electric power system and adversely affect the electric power system. When introducing it, it is essential to suppress such output fluctuations.
【０００４】そこで、近年の風車では風車のブレードの
角度を風速に応じて変化させることにより、風車への機
械的入力を調節するピッチ制御を行うことで、風速変動
に起因する出力変動を抑制する方法が採られる。また、
更に順変換器による同期発電機の出力制御も合わせて行
われる。Therefore, in recent wind turbines, the angle of blades of the wind turbine is changed according to the wind speed to perform pitch control for adjusting the mechanical input to the wind turbine, thereby suppressing the output fluctuation caused by the wind speed fluctuation. The method is adopted. Also,
Further, the output control of the synchronous generator by the forward converter is also performed.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来技術では高応答に出力変動を抑制しながら高効率に発
電することが困難となる。これは、風車には風速毎に最
も効率良く風のエネルギーを受けることのできる回転数
が存在するために、最大の効率を得るためには風速を検
出し、その風速に応じて風車の回転数を制御する必要が
あるためである。However, it is difficult to generate power with high efficiency while suppressing output fluctuations with high response in the above-mentioned prior art. This is because the wind turbine has a rotation speed that can most efficiently receive wind energy for each wind speed. Therefore, to obtain maximum efficiency, the wind speed is detected, and the rotation speed of the wind turbine depends on the wind speed. This is because it is necessary to control
【０００６】本発明の目的は、風速変動に起因する出力
変動を高応答に抑制しながら、風車の回転速度を制御す
ることで高効率に発電し得る風力発電装置を提供するこ
とにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine generator capable of generating electric power with high efficiency by controlling the rotational speed of a wind turbine while suppressing output fluctuation caused by wind speed fluctuation with high response.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明では、風車の回転速度を検出する回転速度検
出器と、風速を検出する風速検出器からの検出値に基づ
いて効率的な回転速度を求める回転速度指令演算器とを
備え、回転速度検出器からの回転速度と回転速度指令演
算器とからの回転速度の差分を回転速度制御器に入力
し、回転速度制御器からの有効電力指令と同期発電機か
らの有効電力との差分を電力制御器に入力し、電力制御
器は有効電力指令に従って同期発電機の出力を制御し、
同期発電機の出力の増減に応じて風車の回転速度を制御
することを特徴とする。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an efficient method based on a rotational speed detector for detecting the rotational speed of a wind turbine and a detected value from a wind speed detector for detecting the wind speed. Equipped with a rotation speed command calculator that obtains a different rotation speed, and inputs the difference between the rotation speed from the rotation speed detector and the rotation speed from the rotation speed command calculator into the rotation speed controller, The difference between the active power command and the active power from the synchronous generator is input to the power controller, and the power controller controls the output of the synchronous generator according to the active power command,
It is characterized in that the rotational speed of the wind turbine is controlled according to the increase / decrease in the output of the synchronous generator.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明に掛かる一実施例を
図面に基づいて説明する。図１は本発明実施例の全体構
成を示す。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the overall construction of an embodiment of the present invention.
【０００９】図１において、同期発電機２の回転子は風
車１の軸に接続されており、風車１が風のエネルギーに
より回転すると、同期発電機２は風車１の回転速度に応
じた可変周波数の交流電力を発生する。In FIG. 1, the rotor of the synchronous generator 2 is connected to the shaft of the wind turbine 1, and when the wind turbine 1 is rotated by the energy of the wind, the synchronous generator 2 has a variable frequency corresponding to the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1. Generates AC power.
【００１０】同期発電機２の固定子には順変換器３が接
続されており、同期発電機２の発生する可変周波数の交
流電力は順変換器３により直流電力に変換される。順変
換器３は直流コンデンサ４を介し、逆変換器５に直流で
接続されており、逆変換器５は順変換器３から送られる
直流電力を固定周波数の交流電力に変換する。逆変換器
５は系統連系用変圧器６を介して電力系統に接続されて
おり、固定周波数の交流電力を電力系統に供給する。A forward converter 3 is connected to the stator of the synchronous generator 2, and variable frequency AC power generated by the synchronous generator 2 is converted to DC power by the forward converter 3. The forward converter 3 is connected to the inverse converter 5 with a direct current through a DC capacitor 4, and the inverse converter 5 converts the DC power sent from the forward converter 3 into AC power having a fixed frequency. The inverse converter 5 is connected to the electric power system via the grid interconnection transformer 6, and supplies AC power of fixed frequency to the electric power system.
【００１１】同期発電機２と順変換器３との間には電圧
検出センサ７と電流検出センサ８が設置されており、電
圧検出センサは同期発電機２の端子電圧を、電流検出セ
ンサ８は同期発電機２の固定子に流れる電流をそれぞれ
検出する。検出された電圧、電流値は３相／２相変換器
１７によって有効分と無効分の２軸成分に変換される。A voltage detection sensor 7 and a current detection sensor 8 are installed between the synchronous generator 2 and the forward converter 3, and the voltage detection sensor measures the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 2 and the current detection sensor 8 measures The current flowing through the stator of the synchronous generator 2 is detected. The detected voltage and current values are converted by the three-phase / two-phase converter 17 into two axis components, an effective component and an ineffective component.
【００１２】有効電力検出器９は３相／２相変換器１７
の出力する２軸成分の信号に基づいて、同期発電機２の
出力する有効電力を検出し、無効電力検出器１０は３相
／２相変換器１７の出力する２軸成分の信号に基づい
て、同期発電機２の出力する無効電力を検出する。回転
速度検出器１１は風車１の回転速度を検出する。The active power detector 9 is a 3-phase / 2-phase converter 17
The active power output from the synchronous generator 2 is detected based on the two-axis component signal output by the, and the reactive power detector 10 is based on the two-axis component signal output from the three-phase / two-phase converter 17. , Reactive power output from the synchronous generator 2 is detected. The rotation speed detector 11 detects the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1.
【００１３】回転速度制御器１２の入力は回転速度検出
器１１の検出する風車１の回転速度と回転速度指令の偏
差であり、出力は順変換器３への有効電力指令となる。
回転速度制御器１２は例えば比例積分制御系により構成
されている。回転速度指令は風速検出器２１が風速を検
出し、その検出値に基づいて回転速度指令演算器２２は
最も効率良く風のエネルギーを受けることのできる回転
速度を求め、回転速度制御器１２への回転速度指令とし
て出力する。The input of the rotation speed controller 12 is the deviation between the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 detected by the rotation speed detector 11 and the rotation speed command, and the output is the active power command to the forward converter 3.
The rotation speed controller 12 is composed of, for example, a proportional-plus-integral control system. With respect to the rotation speed command, the wind speed detector 21 detects the wind speed, and the rotation speed command calculator 22 obtains the rotation speed capable of receiving the wind energy most efficiently based on the detected value. Output as a rotation speed command.
【００１４】風車１の回転速度が回転速度指令よりも大
きい場合には、回転速度制御器１２の出力が大きくな
り、これは順変換器３への有効電力指令が大きくなるこ
とであり、同期発電機２の出力する有効電力が大きくな
る。When the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 is higher than the rotation speed command, the output of the rotation speed controller 12 becomes large, which means that the active power command to the forward converter 3 becomes large and the synchronous power generation is performed. The active power output from the machine 2 becomes large.
【００１５】この結果、風から風車１へ与えられる機械
的入力よりも同期発電機２の出力する有効電力が大きく
なると、入力が不足することになるが、入力の不足分は
風車１のブレードに蓄えられた慣性エネルギーから補わ
れることになるため、風車１の回転速度が低下し、回転
速度指令に追従する。As a result, if the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 becomes larger than the mechanical input given to the wind turbine 1 from the wind, the input will be insufficient, but the shortage of the input will be in the blade of the wind turbine 1. Since it is supplemented from the stored inertial energy, the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 decreases and follows the rotation speed command.
【００１６】逆に風車１の回転速度が回転速度指令より
も小さい場合には回転速度制御器１２の出力が小さくな
り、これは順変換器３への有効電力指令が小さくなるこ
とであり、同期発電機２の出力する有効電力が小さくな
る。On the contrary, when the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 is smaller than the rotation speed command, the output of the rotation speed controller 12 becomes small, which means that the active power command to the forward converter 3 becomes small and the synchronous The active power output by the generator 2 becomes small.
【００１７】この結果、風から風車１へ与えられる機械
的入力よりも同期発電機２の出力する有効電力が小さく
なると入力が余剰することになるが、入力の余剰分は風
車１のブレードに慣性エネルギーとして蓄えられること
になり、風車１の回転速度が上昇し、回転速度指令に追
従する。つまり、同期発電機２の出力の増減に応じて風
車１の回転速度を制御することができる。As a result, if the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 becomes smaller than the mechanical input given to the wind turbine 1 from the wind, the input will be surplus, but the surplus of the input will be inertia in the blades of the wind turbine 1. Since it is stored as energy, the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 increases and follows the rotation speed command. That is, the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 can be controlled according to the increase / decrease in the output of the synchronous generator 2.
【００１８】図２に示す風車１の回転速度と風からの機
械的入力の関係から分かるように、風車１には風速毎に
最も効率良く風のエネルギーを受けることのできる回転
速度が存在する。つまり、最大の効率を得ようとすると
風車１は風速によって回転速度を変える必要がある。従
って、風速検出器２１が風速を検出し、その検出値に基
づいて回転速度指令演算器２２は最も効率良く風のエネ
ルギーを受けることのできる回転速度を求め、回転速度
制御器１２への回転速度指令として出力する。この回転
速度指令に基づいて風車１が運転すると、効率良く風の
エネルギーを受けることが可能となる。As can be seen from the relationship between the rotational speed of the wind turbine 1 and the mechanical input from the wind shown in FIG. 2, the wind turbine 1 has a rotational speed at which the wind energy can be most efficiently received for each wind speed. That is, to obtain the maximum efficiency, the wind turbine 1 needs to change the rotation speed depending on the wind speed. Therefore, the wind speed detector 21 detects the wind speed, and the rotation speed command calculator 22 obtains the rotation speed capable of receiving wind energy most efficiently based on the detected value, and the rotation speed to the rotation speed controller 12 is determined. Output as a command. When the wind turbine 1 operates based on this rotation speed command, it becomes possible to efficiently receive wind energy.
【００１９】有効電力制御器１３の入力は回転速度制御
器１２の出力する有効電力指令と有効電力検出器９の検
出する有効電力検出値の偏差であり、出力は順変換器３
への電流指令の有効分となる。無効電力制御器１４の入
力は外部より与えられる無効電力指令と無効電力検出器
１０の検出する無効電力検出値の偏差であり、出力は順
変換器３への電流指令の無効分となる。The input of the active power controller 13 is the deviation between the active power command output by the rotation speed controller 12 and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector 9, and the output is the forward converter 3.
Is an effective part of the current command to. The input of the reactive power controller 14 is the deviation between the reactive power command given from the outside and the reactive power detection value detected by the reactive power detector 10, and the output is the reactive component of the current command to the forward converter 3.
【００２０】有効電力制御器１３及び無効電力制御器１
４はいずれも例えば比例積分制御系により構成され、有
効電力指令と有効電力検出値の偏差及び無効電力指令と
無効電力検出値の偏差が零になるように順変換器３への
電流指令を決定する。なお、無効電力と有効電力は独立
に制御することが可能であり、例えば無効電力指令を零
に設定すると、順変換器３は力率１で運転されることと
なる。Active power controller 13 and reactive power controller 1
All 4 are constituted by, for example, a proportional-integral control system, and determine the current command to the forward converter 3 so that the deviation between the active power command and the active power detection value and the deviation between the reactive power command and the reactive power detection value become zero. To do. Note that the reactive power and the active power can be controlled independently. For example, if the reactive power command is set to zero, the forward converter 3 will be operated at a power factor of 1.
【００２１】また、無効電力指令を調整することで同期
発電機２の端子電圧を制御することが可能であり、同期
発電機２の回転速度が上昇した場合にも同期発電機２の
端子電圧を低く抑えられる等のメリットがある。The terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 2 can be controlled by adjusting the reactive power command, and the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 2 can be controlled even when the rotation speed of the synchronous generator 2 increases. There are merits such as being kept low.
【００２２】電流制御器１５への入力は３相／２相変換
器１８の出力する２軸成分の電流検出値と有効電力制御
器１３の出力する順変換器３への電流指令における有効
分、及び無効電力制御器１４の出力する順変換器３への
電流指令の無効分であり、出力は順変換器３への出力電
圧指令となる。電流制御器１５は例えば比例積分制御系
により構成され、電流検出値と電流指令の偏差が零にな
るように順変換器３への出力電圧指令を決定する。The input to the current controller 15 is the detected current value of the biaxial component output from the 3-phase / 2-phase converter 18 and the active component in the current command to the forward converter 3 output from the active power controller 13, And a reactive component of the current command to the forward converter 3 output from the reactive power controller 14, and the output becomes an output voltage command to the forward converter 3. The current controller 15 is composed of, for example, a proportional-plus-integral control system, and determines the output voltage command to the forward converter 3 so that the deviation between the detected current value and the current command becomes zero.
【００２３】図１では省略してあるが、実際は図３に示
すように電流の有効分を制御する有効電流制御器１９、
及び電流の無効分を制御する無効電流制御器２０から電
流制御器１５は構成される。電流制御器１５の出力する
順変換器３への出力電圧指令は２軸成分の電圧指令であ
るので、２相／３相変換器１８によって３相の電圧指令
に変換される。Although not shown in FIG. 1, actually, as shown in FIG. 3, an active current controller 19 for controlling the active component of the current,
The current controller 15 is composed of a reactive current controller 20 for controlling the reactive component of the current. Since the output voltage command output from the current controller 15 to the forward converter 3 is a biaxial component voltage command, it is converted by the 2-phase / 3-phase converter 18 into a 3-phase voltage command.
【００２４】パルス発生器１６は、２相／３相変換器１
８の出力する順変換器３への３相出力電圧指令に基づい
て、ＰＷＭ（Ｐｕｌｓｅ Ｗｉｄｔｈ Ｍｏｄｕｌａｔ
ｉｏｎ）により順変換器３へのゲートパルス信号を出力
する。順変換器３はゲートパルス信号を受け、ＩＧＢＴ
等のスイッチング素子が高速にスイッチングを行うこと
で、順変換器３は指令に応じた電圧を出力することにな
る。The pulse generator 16 is a 2-phase / 3-phase converter 1
8 based on the three-phase output voltage command to the forward converter 3 output from the PWM (Pulse Width Modulator).
Ion) outputs the gate pulse signal to the forward converter 3. The forward converter 3 receives the gate pulse signal and receives the IGBT
By such switching elements as switching at high speed, the forward converter 3 outputs a voltage according to the command.
【００２５】以上のような制御系の構成により、風車１
の回転速度の制御や同期発電機２の出力する有効電力及
び無効電力の制御が可能となる。ここで、回転速度制御
器１２の制御ゲインを高く設定すると、順変換器３への
有効電力指令の変化速度が上昇するのに伴い、風車１の
回転速度の制御応答が上がる。但し、順変換器３への有
効電力指令の変化が大きくなるために、同期発電機２の
出力する有効電力の変動は大きくなる。この時の風車１
における回転速度及び同期発電機２の出力する有効電力
の波形例を図４に示す。With the control system configuration as described above, the wind turbine 1
It is possible to control the rotation speed of the motor and control the active power and the reactive power output from the synchronous generator 2. Here, when the control gain of the rotation speed controller 12 is set high, the control response of the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 increases as the changing speed of the active power command to the forward converter 3 increases. However, since the change of the active power command to the forward converter 3 becomes large, the fluctuation of the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 becomes large. Windmill 1 at this time
FIG. 4 shows a waveform example of the rotational speed and the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 in FIG.
【００２６】図４に示すように、風車１の回転速度の変
動は小さく抑えられるが、同期発電機２の出力する有効
電力が大きく変動することになる。逆に、回転速度制御
器１２の制御ゲインを低く設定すると、順変換器３への
有効電力指令の変化速度が低下するのに伴い、風車１の
回転速度の制御応答が下がる。但し、順変換器３への有
効電力指令の変化が小さくなるために、同期発電機２の
出力する有効電力の変動は小さくなる。この時の風車１
における回転速度及び同期発電機２の出力する有効電力
の波形例を図５に示す。As shown in FIG. 4, the fluctuation of the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 is suppressed to a small level, but the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 largely fluctuates. Conversely, when the control gain of the rotation speed controller 12 is set low, the control response of the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 decreases as the changing speed of the active power command to the forward converter 3 decreases. However, since the change of the active power command to the forward converter 3 becomes small, the fluctuation of the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 becomes small. Windmill 1 at this time
FIG. 5 shows a waveform example of the rotation speed and the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 in FIG.
【００２７】図５に示すように、風車１の回転速度の変
動は大きくなるが、同期発電機２の出力する有効電力の
変動は小さく抑えることができる。即ち、回転速度制御
器１２の制御ゲインを調節することで、風車１の回転速
度を優先して制御するか、同期発電機２の出力する有効
電力を優先して制御するかが調節可能となる。As shown in FIG. 5, the fluctuation of the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 becomes large, but the fluctuation of the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 can be kept small. That is, by adjusting the control gain of the rotation speed controller 12, it is possible to adjust whether the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 is controlled with priority or the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 is controlled with priority. .
【００２８】図６に風速と発電出力の関係を示す。風の
エネルギーは風速の３乗に比例するので、風速が増加す
るにつれて発電出力も増加する。一方で、風速が定格を
越えると風車１はピッチ制御を行うことで、ブレードが
受ける風のエネルギーを逃がすことで、発電出力を一定
に保つようにする。ここで、風車１は定格風速未満では
効率を優先するために、回転速度を優先して制御する。
一方、定格風速以上では変動の少ない一定の出力を得る
ために、有効電力を優先して制御する。FIG. 6 shows the relationship between wind speed and power generation output. Since the energy of wind is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, the power generation output also increases as the wind speed increases. On the other hand, when the wind speed exceeds the rating, the wind turbine 1 performs pitch control to release the energy of the wind received by the blades, thereby keeping the power generation output constant. Here, since the wind turbine 1 prioritizes efficiency when the wind speed is less than the rated wind speed, priority is given to the rotation speed for control.
On the other hand, in order to obtain a constant output with little fluctuation above the rated wind speed, active power is preferentially controlled.
【００２９】従って、風速検出器２１の検出する風速に
応じて回転速度制御器１２の制御ゲインを切りかえるこ
とになる。即ち、定格風速未満では制御ゲインを高く、
定格風速以上では制御ゲインを低く設定する。また、回
転速度制御器１２の制御ゲインを変化させると、それに
応じて回転速度制御器１２の制御応答速度が変化するこ
とになる。Therefore, the control gain of the rotation speed controller 12 is switched according to the wind speed detected by the wind speed detector 21. That is, if the wind speed is less than the rated value, the control gain is high,
If the wind speed is above the rated wind speed, set the control gain low. Further, when the control gain of the rotation speed controller 12 is changed, the control response speed of the rotation speed controller 12 changes accordingly.
【００３０】回転速度制御器１２の出力する有効電力指
令に応じて、有効電力制御器１３が有効電流指令を決定
することから、回転速度制御器１２の制御応答速度は有
効電力制御器１３の制御応答速度よりも遅く設定する必
要がある。通常、回転速度制御器１２の制御応答速度が
有効電力制御器１３の制御応答速度における約５〜３０
０倍の間に入るような範囲に設定される。Since the active power controller 13 determines the active current command according to the active power command output from the rotation speed controller 12, the control response speed of the rotation speed controller 12 is controlled by the active power controller 13. It must be set slower than the response speed. Usually, the control response speed of the rotation speed controller 12 is about 5 to 30 of the control response speed of the active power controller 13.
The range is set so that it falls within 0 times.
【００３１】以上のように、風車１の回転速度及び同期
発電機２の出力する有効電力を制御することが可能であ
り、定格風速未満では同期発電機２の回転速度を優先し
て制御することで高効率な運転を行い、定格風速以上で
は同期発電機２の出力する有効電力を優先して制御する
ことで風速変動に起因する出力変動を抑制することが可
能となる。As described above, it is possible to control the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 and the active power output from the synchronous generator 2, and when the speed is less than the rated wind speed, the rotation speed of the synchronous generator 2 is controlled with priority. It is possible to suppress the output fluctuation caused by the fluctuation of the wind speed by performing the highly efficient operation in the above, and prioritizing the control of the active power output from the synchronous generator 2 at the rated wind speed or higher.
【００３２】また、風車の回転速度を検出する回転速度
検出器と、風速を検出する風速検出器からの検出値に基
づいて効率的な回転速度を求める回転速度指令演算器と
を備え、回転速度検出器からの回転速度と回転速度指令
演算器とからの回転速度の差分を回転速度制御器に入力
し、回転速度制御器からの有効電力指令と同期発電機か
らの有効電力との差分を入力した電力制御器を備え、電
力制御器は有効電力指令に従って同期発電機の出力を制
御し、同期発電機の出力の増減に応じて、風車１の回転
速度を制御することができる。つまり、風車１の回転速
度の制御は同期発電機により制御されるので、風車１の
機構及び制御を簡素化できる。Further, a rotation speed detector for detecting the rotation speed of the wind turbine and a rotation speed command calculator for obtaining an effective rotation speed based on the detection value from the wind speed detector for detecting the wind speed are provided. The difference between the rotation speed from the detector and the rotation speed from the rotation speed command calculator is input to the rotation speed controller, and the difference between the active power command from the rotation speed controller and the active power from the synchronous generator is input. The power controller can control the output of the synchronous generator according to the active power command, and can control the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 according to the increase or decrease in the output of the synchronous generator. That is, since the control of the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 is controlled by the synchronous generator, the mechanism and control of the wind turbine 1 can be simplified.
【００３３】[0033]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、風速変動に起因する出
力変動を高応答に抑制しながら、風車の回転速度を制御
することで高効率な発電が可能となる。また風車の回転
速度の制御は同期発電機により制御して、風車の機構及
び制御を簡素化できる。According to the present invention, highly efficient power generation is possible by controlling the rotational speed of the wind turbine while suppressing the output fluctuation caused by the wind speed fluctuation with high response. Further, the control of the rotation speed of the wind turbine is controlled by the synchronous generator, so that the mechanism and control of the wind turbine can be simplified.
【図１】本発明を適用した風力発電装置の構成図。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a wind turbine generator to which the present invention has been applied.
【図２】回転速度と機械的入力の関係を示す特性図。FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between rotation speed and mechanical input.
【図３】図１に使用した電流制御器の詳細図。FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the current controller used in FIG.
【図４】回転速度を優先して制御する場合の波形例を示
す特性図。FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of a waveform when the rotational speed is preferentially controlled.
【図５】有効電力を優先して制御する場合の波形例を示
す特性図。FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of a waveform when active power is preferentially controlled.
【図６】風速と発電出力の関係を示す特性図。FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between wind speed and power generation output.
１…風車、２…同期発電機、３…順変換器、４…直流コ
ンデンサ、５…逆変換器、６…系統連系用変圧器、７…
電圧検出センサ、８…電流検出センサ、９…有効電力検
出器、１０…無効電力検出器、１１…回転速度検出器、
１２…回転速度制御器、１３…有効電力制御器、１４…
無効電力制御器、１５…電流制御器、１６…パルス発生
器、１７…３相／２相変換器、１８…２相／３相変換
器、１９…有効電流制御器、２０…無効電流制御器、２
１…風速検出器、２２…回転速度指令演算器。1 ... Windmill, 2 ... Synchronous generator, 3 ... Forward converter, 4 ... DC capacitor, 5 ... Inverse converter, 6 ... Transformer for system interconnection, 7 ...
Voltage detection sensor, 8 ... Current detection sensor, 9 ... Active power detector, 10 ... Reactive power detector, 11 ... Rotation speed detector,
12 ... Rotation speed controller, 13 ... Active power controller, 14 ...
Reactive power controller, 15 ... Current controller, 16 ... Pulse generator, 17 ... 3-phase / 2-phase converter, 18 ... 2-phase / 3-phase converter, 19 ... Active current controller, 20 ... Reactive current controller Two
1 ... Wind speed detector, 22 ... Rotation speed command calculator.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 杉浦 康之 茨城県日立市幸町三丁目１番１号 株式会 社日立製作所日立事業所内 (72)発明者 菅原 直志 茨城県日立市幸町三丁目１番１号 株式会 社日立製作所日立事業所内 (72)発明者 宮崎 晃一 茨城県日立市幸町三丁目１番１号 株式会 社日立製作所日立事業所内 Ｆターム(参考） 3H078 AA02 AA26 BB08 BB11 BB19 CC01 CC22 CC52 CC54 CC62 CC73 5H590 AA02 AA22 CA14 CC01 CC18 CD01 CD03 CE01 DD67 EB14 EB15 EB21 EB29 FA01 FA08 FB02 FC12 FC22 GA06 GA07 GA10 GB05 HA02 HA04 HA06 HA07 HA11 HA27 HB02 HB03 JA02 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Yasuyuki Sugiura 3-1-1 Sachimachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Stock Association Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Works (72) Inventor Naoshi Sugawara 3-1-1 Sachimachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Stock Association Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Works (72) Inventor Koichi Miyazaki 3-1-1 Sachimachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Stock Association Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Works F term (reference) 3H078 AA02 AA26 BB08 BB11 BB19 CC01 CC22 CC52 CC54 CC62 CC73 5H590 AA02 AA22 CA14 CC01 CC18 CD01 CD03 CE01 DD67 EB14 EB15 EB21 EB29 FA01 FA08 FB02 FC12 FC22 GA06 GA07 GA10 GB05 HA02 HA04 HA06 HA07 HA11 HA27 HB02 HB03 JA02
Claims (6)
同期発電機の固定子に接続された前記同期発電機の可変
周波数の交流電力を直流電力に変換する変換器と、前記
変換器と電力系統との間に接続された前記直流電力を固
定周波数の交流電力に変換して電力系統に供給する逆変
換器とを備えた風力発電装置において、前記風車の回転
速度を検出する回転速度検出器と、風速を検出する風速
検出器からの検出値に基づいて効率的な回転速度を求め
る回転速度指令演算器とを備え、前記回転速度検出器か
らの回転速度と前記回転速度指令演算器とからの回転速
度の差分を回転速度制御器に入力し、前記回転速度制御
器からの有効電力指令と前記同期発電機からの有効電力
との差分を電力制御器に入力し、前記電力制御器は前記
有効電力指令に従って前記同期発電機の出力を制御し、
前記同期発電機の出力の増減に応じて前記風車の回転速
度を制御することを特徴とする風力発電装置。1. A synchronous generator connected to a shaft of a wind turbine, a converter connected to a stator of the synchronous generator for converting variable frequency AC power of the synchronous generator into DC power, and the converter. In a wind power generator including an inverse converter that converts the direct-current power connected between the power system and the direct-current power to alternating-current power having a fixed frequency and supplies the alternating-current power to the power system. A detector and a rotation speed command calculator that obtains an effective rotation speed based on a detection value from the wind speed detector that detects the wind speed, and the rotation speed from the rotation speed detector and the rotation speed command calculator. Input the difference of the rotation speed from the to the rotation speed controller, input the difference between the active power command from the rotation speed controller and the active power from the synchronous generator to the power controller, the power controller Is in accordance with the active power directive Control the output of the synchronous generator,
A wind power generator that controls the rotational speed of the wind turbine according to an increase or decrease in the output of the synchronous generator.
同期発電機の固定子に接続された前記同期発電機の可変
周波数の発電電力を直流電力に変換する変換器と、前記
変換器と電力系統との間に接続された前記直流電力を固
定周波数の交流電力に変換して電力系統に供給する逆変
換器とを備えた風力発電装置において、前記風速を検出
する風速検出器からの検出値に基づいて効率的な回転速
度を求める回転速度指令演算器からの回転速度指令と風
車の回転速度を検出する回転速度検出器とからの回転速
度との差分を入力した回転速度制御器と、前記回転速度
制御器からの有効電力指令と前記同期発電機からの有効
電力との差分を入力した電力制御器とを備え、前記電力
制御器は前記有効電力指令に従って前記同期発電機の出
力を制御し、前記同期発電機の出力の増減に応じて前記
風車の回転速度を制御することを特徴とする風力発電装
置。2. A synchronous generator connected to a shaft of a wind turbine, a converter connected to a stator of the synchronous generator for converting variable frequency generated power of the synchronous generator into DC power, and the converter. In the wind power generator provided with an inverse converter that converts the DC power connected between the DC power supply and the power system to AC power of a fixed frequency and supplies the AC power to the power system, from a wind speed detector that detects the wind speed. A rotation speed controller that inputs the difference between the rotation speed command from the rotation speed command calculator that obtains an efficient rotation speed based on the detected value and the rotation speed detector that detects the rotation speed of the wind turbine, and A power controller that inputs a difference between the active power command from the rotation speed controller and the active power from the synchronous generator, the power controller outputs the output of the synchronous generator according to the active power command. Control the same as above A wind turbine generator, wherein the rotation speed of the wind turbine is controlled according to an increase / decrease in the output of the stationary generator.
御する無効電力制御器を備えていることを特徴とする請
求項２に記載の風力発電装置。3. The wind turbine generator according to claim 2, further comprising a reactive power controller that controls reactive power output from the synchronous generator.
検出する固定子電流検出器と、前記固定子電流検出器か
ら検出した３相の固定子電流値を有効分及び無効分の２
軸成分に変換する演算器と、前記有効分及び無効分を制
御し、且つ電圧指令として出力する電流制御器とを備え
ていることを特徴とする請求項２から３のいずれか１項
に記載の風力発電装置。4. A stator current detector for detecting a current flowing through a stator of the synchronous generator, and a three-phase stator current value detected by the stator current detector is divided into an active component and a reactive component.
4. An arithmetic unit for converting into an axial component, and a current controller for controlling the effective component and the ineffective component and outputting as a voltage command are provided. Wind power generator.
回転速度制御器の制御ゲインを切換えて回転速度制御器
の制御応答速度を変化させることを特徴とする請求項２
から４のいずれか１項に記載の風力発電装置。5. The control response speed of the rotation speed controller is changed by switching the control gain of the rotation speed controller according to the wind speed detected by the wind speed detector.
4. The wind turbine generator according to any one of items 4 to 4.
して回転速度制御器の制御応答速度を約５〜３００倍の
間で調整できることを特徴とする請求項２から５のいず
れか１項に記載の風力発電装置。6. The control response speed of the rotation speed controller can be adjusted between about 5 and 300 times the control response speed of the active power controller. The wind turbine generator according to.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001317922A JP3884260B2 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Wind power generator |
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001317922A JP3884260B2 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Wind power generator |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| JP2003120504A true JP2003120504A (en) | 2003-04-23 |
| JP3884260B2 JP3884260B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| US7095132B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2006-08-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Wind turbine generator system |
| JP2008011607A (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Variable speed wind power generation system |
| JP2010025028A (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-02-04 | Univ Of Ryukyus | Output electric power fluctuation restraining device of wind power generator |
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| CN101776043B (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-08-31 | 东南大学 | Error compensation model-based wind turbine generator maximum wind energy capture control method |
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| KR20180131738A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-11 | 군산대학교산학협력단 | Global Power Regulation of Wind Turbines |
| CN117910120A (en) * | 2024-03-20 | 2024-04-19 | 西华大学 | Buffeting response prediction method for wind-bridge system based on lightweight transducer |
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| JP2000345952A (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Multipolar wind power generator and wind power generating method |
| JP2001238493A (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Generator control device |
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| US7145262B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2006-12-05 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Wind turbine generator system |
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