JP2003021362A - Lift device of air conditioner outdoor unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lift device of an air conditioner outdoor unit which has no noise problem and which can easily perform lifting of the air conditioner outdoor unit in a short time. SOLUTION: An engaging member 2 engaged with a corner part 10 between a ceiling face 8 of a veranda and an outer wall face 9 of a building is installed on an end of a support girder 1 whose length is adjustable, and an engaging member 3 engaged with an upper end of a guard rail 12 is installed on the other end of the girder with their angles variable respectively. A lifting means hooking member 4 which is movable along the support girder 1 is installed fixably at a required position of the support girder 1. A lifting means 6 is hooked on a hooked part 19 of the lifting means hooking member 4 in a state that the engaging members 2 and 3 of both ends of the girder are engaged with the corner part 10 between the ceiling face 8 and the outer wall face 9 of the building and the upper end of the guard rail 12 respectively by adjusting the length of the support girder 1. Thus, the air conditioner outdoor unit 7 is lifted with this lifting means 6 from a floor face 13 of the veranda to the required height.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device for lifting an air conditioner outdoor unit installed on a balcony or balcony of a building such as a condominium from a floor to a required height for a certain period of a building repair work. Regarding

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the case where the surface of a concrete floor of a balcony or balcony of an existing condominium, etc. is replaced with, for example, vinyl chloride sheet, if an air conditioner outdoor unit is installed on the balcony, it will be an obstacle. Since the replacement work cannot be performed, it is necessary to suspend the air conditioning outdoor unit from the floor to the required height until the replacement work is completed. In place of this lifting, the outdoor unit of the air-conditioning unit may be raised to a required height from the floor surface by means of the mounting table hardware. However, with this raising method, the mounting table hardware itself is grounded on the floor surface, which makes work difficult. However, there is a problem that repair work will occur when waterproofing work is done at the final stage of re-installation work, and if you try to store the air conditioner outdoor unit indoors, you will have to remove the refrigerant pipe, so extra cost Will be costly.

However, conventionally, when the air conditioner outdoor unit is lifted from the floor to a required height, a hole is punched in a ceiling slab such as a veranda and a hook bolt is driven, and a rope is hooked on the hook bolt. The rope is used to lift the outdoor unit of the air conditioning. However, in this method, it is necessary to drill a hole in the concrete ceiling slab with a drill, and after the repair work, it is necessary to remove the hook bolt, close the bolt hole with mortar, and repair it. In addition to the time and effort required, noise generated during drilling has become a major problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioning outdoor unit hoisting device which does not have the conventional noise problem and can easily hoist the air conditioning outdoor unit in a short time.

[0005]

A hoisting device for an air conditioner outdoor unit according to a first aspect of the present invention is a corner portion between a ceiling surface 8 such as a veranda and a building outer wall surface 9 at one end of a support girder 1 whose length is adjustable. The engaging member 2 that engages with 10 and the engaging member 3 that engages with the upper end of the handrail 12 are attached to the other ends so that the angles can be changed, respectively, and can be moved along the longitudinal direction of the support girder 1. The hanging means retaining member 4 is fixedly attached at a required position of the support girder 1, the length of the support girder 1 is adjusted, and the engaging members 2 and 3 at both ends are connected to the ceiling surface 8 and the building exterior wall surface 9. In a state where they are engaged with the upper end portions of the corner portion 10 and the handrail 12, respectively, the hanging means 6 is hooked on the hooked portion 19 or 20 of the hanging means hooking member 4, and the hanging means 6 is used. The air conditioning outdoor unit 7 should be hung from the floor surface 13 of the balcony to the required height. And butterflies.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for lifting an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to the first aspect, the hanging means 6 is a rope 21 such as a chain that is hooked on the hooked portion 19 of the hanging means hooking member 4. 23 to 23 and a manual winding tool 24 which is connected to the cord 22 and winds the cord 22 by a manual lever operation.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the air-conditioner outdoor unit hoisting device according to the first or second aspect, the suspending means 6 has a top end portion which is hooked by the hooked portion 20 of the hooking means hooking member 4. It is characterized in that it includes a bar 5.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is the air conditioner outdoor unit hoisting device according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the support girder 1 is
It is composed of a plurality of girder members 14 and 15 which are telescopically fitted to each other and are capable of expanding and contracting, and the girder members 14 and 15 are fastened and fixed by a tightening screw tool 16 at a required expansion and contraction position. Characterize.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the air-conditioner outdoor unit hoisting device according to the fourth aspect, the hoisting member retaining member 4 is a required girder member 14 of a plurality of girder members 14 and 15 constituting the support girder 1. The latch member main body 17 slidably attached to the girder member 14 at the required position.
Tightening screw tool 18 that is fastened and fixed to the latch member body 1
7 and the hooked portions 19 and 20 provided in FIG.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is the air-conditioning outdoor unit hoisting apparatus according to any of the first to fifth aspects, wherein each of the engaging members 2 and 3 has engaging member bodies 36 and 37 having a substantially L-shaped cross section. The L-shaped engagement member main body 36 of the engagement member 2 attached to one end of the support girder 14 has an attachment part piece 38 fixed to an inner corner thereof, and the attachment part piece 38 is attached to one end of the support girder 14. The L-shaped engagement member main body 37 of the engagement member 3 pivotally attached to the portion and attached to the other end of the support girder 1 has an attachment portion piece 39 fixed to an outer corner portion thereof. Support girder 1
It is characterized by being pivotally attached to the other end of 5.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is the air-conditioning outdoor unit lifting apparatus according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the engaging surfaces of the L-shaped engaging member bodies 36 and 37 of the engaging members 2 and 3 are provided. A cushion sheet 41 is attached.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing a usage state of an air conditioning outdoor unit lifting device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view showing a supporting girder of the lifting device, and FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view of a main part showing a usage state of the lifting device, and (B) is a side view seen from an arrow A in (A). As can be seen from FIG. 1, the air-conditioning outdoor unit hoisting device of the present invention engages a corner portion 10 between the ceiling surface 8 of the veranda and the outer wall surface 9 of the building body at one end of the length-adjustable support girder 1. The engaging member 2 that engages with the upper lateral frame 12 of the handrail 11 is attached to the other end of the engaging member 2 such that the angle can be changed.
A suspension means hooking member 4 movable along the longitudinal direction of the support girder 1 is fixedly attached at a required position of the support girder 1, and the length of the support girder 1 is appropriately adjusted to engage the engaging members at both ends. In a state where the corner portions 10 of the ceiling surface 8 and the outer wall surface 9 of the skeleton and the upper horizontal frame 12 of the handrail 11 are engaged with the second and third parts respectively, the hooked portion 19 or 20 of the hanging means hooking member 4 is engaged. Hanging means 6
The air conditioning outdoor unit 7 is hung from the floor surface 13 of the veranda to a required height via the hanging means 6.

The structure of this air conditioner outdoor unit hoisting device will be described in more detail. First, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the supporting girders 1 are two girder members which are telescopically fitted to each other and capable of expanding and contracting. It consists of 14 and 15, and one girder member 1
4 is formed by a square tubular steel pipe, and the other girder member 15 is formed by a square tubular steel pipe having a smaller diameter than the girder member 14. The girder member 15 is slidably fitted in the girder member 14. By tightening the tightening screw tool 16 screwed through the pipe wall at a plurality of positions on the lower surface of the girder member 14, both girder members 14 and 15 are fixed to each other, and the length of the support girder 1 is It can be adjusted as desired. Each tightening screw 16
Is a nut 16a fixed to the lower surface of the girder member 14,
The girder member 1 is screwed into this and penetrates through the pipe wall of the girder member 14.
5 and a wing bolt 16b whose tip abuts.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the hanging means locking member 4 includes a rectangular tubular locking member main body 17 slidably fitted on the large diameter side girder member 14 of the support girder 1. The locking member main body 17 is constituted by a tightening screw tool 18 for tightening and fixing the locking member main body 17 to the girder member 14 at a predetermined position, and hooked portions 19 and 20 provided on the lower side surface of the locking member main body 17. The tightening screw 18 is a nut 18 a fixed to the upper side surface of the latch member main body 17, and a butterfly bolt screwed to the nut 18 a and penetrating the side wall of the latch member main body 17 and the tip of which is in contact with the girder member 14. 18b. Further, the hooked portion 19 is formed in an arch shape,
The hooked portion 20 is formed in a hook shape.

The engaging members 2 and 3 attached to both ends of the supporting girder 1 are steel plate engaging member bodies 3 each having a substantially L-shaped cross section.
6, 37. The L-shaped engaging member main body 36 of the engaging member 2 attached to the outer end of the support girder 1, that is, the one end of the girder member 14 has an inner corner as shown in FIG. 5 (A). A mounting plate 38 made of a steel plate is fixed by welding, and the mounting block 38 is pivotally attached to the outer end of the girder member 14 by a bolt 40, and the other end of the support girder 1, that is, As can be seen from FIG. 5B, the L-shaped engagement member main body 37 of the engagement member 3 attached to the outer end portion of the girder member 15 has a steel plate-made attachment piece 39 for welding at its outer corner. The mounting portion piece 39 is pivotally attached to the outer end portion of the girder member 15 so as to be rotatable with a bolt 40. A cushion sheet 41 made of a rubber material, a soft synthetic resin material, or the like is attached to the engagement surfaces of the engagement member bodies 36 and 37.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the suspending means 6 is provided with a first cord 21 which is hung and suspended from a hooked portion 19 of the suspending means suspending member 4, and the first cord 21. A second cord 22 connected to the lower end of the cord 21 via a manual winding tool 24.
And a third cord 23 hooked and suspended by the second cord 22 and hooked directly to the air conditioning outdoor unit 7, and the first cord 21 to the third cord 23 are respectively formed. It consists of a link chain.

The first rope 21 of the hanging means 6 is hooked on the hooked portion 19 of the hanging means hooking member 4 via a ring 25 attached to the upper end thereof. The manual take-up tool 24 is made of, for example, a chain lever hoist.
As shown in (A) and (B), the hook 27 is hooked on the ring 26 provided at the lower end of the first cord 21, and the ratchet wheel 28 is hooked on the end 22a side of the second cord 22. With the hook 30 attached to the other end of the second cord 22 hooked to a required lower end portion of the first cord 21, the second cord 22 is made endless and the lever 27 is attached. By rotating the ratchet wheel 26 by hand to rotate the ratchet wheel 26 in the chain winding direction, the endless second cord 22 can be wound so as to shorten its length. Further, by switching the switching claw 31 and reversing the ratchet wheel 26, it is possible to rewind the second cord 22 (extend the endless length).

The third line 23 is connected to the second line by the ring 32.
As shown in FIG. 1, hooks 33 and 33 are attached to both ends of the cord 22. The hooks 33 and 33 are provided on upper ends of both ends of the air conditioning outdoor unit 7. The air conditioning outdoor unit 7 can be lifted by hooking the holes 34, 34.

In using the air conditioner outdoor unit hoisting device constructed as described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the girder members 14 and 15 of the supporting girder 1 are appropriately expanded and contracted, and the engaging member 2 at one end thereof is expanded. Is engaged with a corner portion 10 between the ceiling surface 8 of the veranda and the outer wall surface 9 of the body, and the engaging member 3 on the other end side.
Is engaged with the upper lateral frame 12 of the handrail 11, and in this state, the tightening screw tool 16 is tightened to fix the two girder members 14 and 15 to each other, whereby the support girder 1 is attached to the building frame side and the handrail 12 side. Stretch across. In this case, since the cushion sheet 41 made of a rubber material, a soft synthetic resin material, or the like is mounted on the engagement surfaces of the engagement member bodies 36, 37 of the engagement members 2, 3, respectively. When engaging the corner portion 10 and the upper horizontal frame 12 of the handrail 11 with each other, no unpleasant noise such as metallic noise is generated, and the corner portion 10 and the upper horizontal frame 12 of the handrail 11 are damaged. Moreover, the engaging members 2 and 3 can be accurately fixed to the engaging position without slipping, and the support girder 1 can be stably fixed to the use position.

The hanging means retaining member 4 may be provided after the support girder 1 is stretched on the building frame side and the handrail 12 side as described above, or before it is stretched, but on the veranda floor surface 13. Is adjusted along the girder member 14 to a position corresponding to the position directly above the air conditioner outdoor unit 7 installed in the above air conditioner outdoor unit 7, and is fixed by the tightening screw tool 18. In the hanging means 6 hooked to the hooked portion 19 of the hanging means hooking member 4, since the second cord 22 is extended to a sufficient length, both ends of the third cord 23 are extended. Hook 3
The third cord 33, 33 is engaged with the hook holes 34, 34 of the air conditioning outdoor unit 7 installed on the floor 13 of the veranda, and in this state, the manual winding tool 24 is operated by the lever 27, whereby the second cord is pulled. The strip 22 is wound so as to reduce its length, so that the air conditioning outdoor unit 7 can be lifted from the floor surface 13 of the veranda to a required height.

To lift the air conditioner outdoor unit 7 using this air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device, as described above, the support girder 1 is used.
The length of the suspension means 6 is stretched over the side of the building frame and the side of the handrail 12, and the third rope 23 of the suspending means 6 is suspended from the suspending means retaining member 4 fixed at a required position of the support girder 1. It is sufficient to hook the hook 33 of No. 2 to the air conditioning outdoor unit 7 and wind up the second cord 22 by operating the lever 27 of the winding tool 24.
It is possible for a single worker to lift the air conditioning outdoor unit 7 in a short time. Further, according to this hoisting device, the air conditioning outdoor unit 7 installed on the floor surface 13 of the veranda can be hoisted right up from its installation position, so that the refrigerant pipe 42 can be in the existing state, and accordingly, The air conditioner can be operated.

After the renovation work of the veranda floor 13 is completed,
When lowering the air conditioning outdoor unit 7 onto the refurbished veranda floor surface 13, by switching the switching claw 31 of the manual winding tool 24 and operating the lever 29 so that the ratchet wheel 26 reverses, the second cord is pulled. The air conditioner outdoor unit 7 can be lowered onto the floor surface 13 by rewinding 22 and increasing its length. After that, the support girder 1 can be removed by loosening the tightening screw tool 16 and contracting the support girder 1.

FIG. 6 shows an air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The suspending means 6 is connected to the first cord 21 and the lower end of the first cord 21 via the manual winding tool 24.
And the third cord 23 which is hooked on and suspended from the second cord 22, the lifting device of FIG. 6 has a rigid body instead of the first cord 21. The hanging bar 5 is made of, and the upper end hook 5a of the hanging bar 5 is hooked to the hanging means 20 of the hanging means hooking member 4 (the hooked portion 19 may be used).
To the lower end hook 5b of the hanging rod 5, and
The hook 27 of the manual take-up tool 24 connected to the cord 22 is directly hooked or hooked via the ring 26 as shown in the drawing. This is similar to the lifting device of the above-described embodiment.

When the air conditioner outdoor unit 7 is hoisted by using the hoisting device shown in FIG. 6, the support girder 1 is stretched over the building frame side and the handrail 12 side, and then the support girder 1 is suspended.
The hooked portion 2 of the hanging means hooking member 4 fixed to the required position of the
0 hooks the upper end hook 5a of the hanging rod 5, and then hooks the lower end hook 5b of the hanging rod 5 with the hook 27 of the manual winder 24 connected to the second cord 22 directly or with the ring 26.
It suffices to hang it through. In this case, the suspending means 6 (the suspension rod 5, the second cord 2 with the manual winding tool 24)
Since the second and third cords 23) are separated from the support girder 1, the work is easy, and the hanging rod 5 is a rigid body unlike the chain, so that the hanging means hooking member 4 cannot be hooked. It will be easy.

In the embodiment described above, the hanging means 6
Is connected to a lower end portion of the first rope 21 via a manual take-up tool 24, and a first rope 21 hooked by the hooked portion 19 of the hanging means hooking member 4. It is constituted by the second cord 22 and the third cord 23 which is hooked and hung by the second cord 22 and hooked directly on the air conditioning outdoor unit 7,
The rope that is hooked on the hooked portion 19 of the hanging means hooking member 4 and that is connected to the manual winder 24, and the rope that is connected to this rope and is directly hooked to the air conditioning outdoor unit 7. It may be composed of two cords.

In the above embodiment, the chain is used as the cord, but a wire may be used instead of the chain. Further, in the case of a chain, not only the link chain shown in the drawing, but also a roller chain may be used.

Further, in the above embodiment, since the manual winding tool 24 is used for the hanging means 6 and the cord 22 is wound by the manual winding tool 24, the lifting work of the air conditioning outdoor unit 7 can be performed. It can be done easily and easily by one person in a short time, but it does not use such a manual winding tool 24, but consists of a chain or a wire, and further a rope or a string.
While holding the air conditioner outdoor unit 7 using a book or a plurality of cords and raising the air conditioner outdoor unit 7 to a required height, the upper end side of the cord is suspended by the hanging means of the support girder 1. Member 4
The air conditioner outdoor unit 7 may be lifted to a required height from the floor surface of the veranda or the like by hanging it on the floor.

[0028]

According to the air conditioner outdoor unit hoisting apparatus of the present invention, the length of the supporting girder is adjusted and the engaging members at both ends are provided at the corners between the ceiling surface and the outer wall surface of the building. With the upper ends of the handrails engaged with each other, the hanging means is hooked on the hooked portion of the hanging means hooking member, and the outdoor unit of the air conditioning unit is lifted from the floor surface of the veranda through the hanging means. Since it is hoisted, a hole is made in the ceiling slab, a hook bolt is driven, and a rope is hooked on the hook to hoist the outdoor unit of the air-conditioning unit. The air conditioner outdoor unit can be lifted up in a short time and with almost no noise, and repair work such as hole filling is unnecessary, so that the construction cost can be reduced.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the suspending means is a rope which is hooked to a hooked portion of the hanging means hooking member, and a manual winding which is connected to the rope and winds the rope by a manual lever operation. Since it consists of a fixture, one operator can easily lift the air conditioner outdoor unit in a short time.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the suspending means has the suspending rod which is engaged with the engaged portion of the suspending means retaining member, the suspending portion of the suspending means retaining member is engaged with the upper end portion of the suspending rod. , If the rope is hooked on the lower end of this suspension rod and the outdoor unit is hung up by this rope, the lifting work can be done easily, and in this case, the manual winder is used. By doing so, the lifting work can be performed easily.

According to the fourth aspect, the support girder comprises a plurality of girder members which are telescopically fitted to each other and are capable of expanding and contracting,
Since the girder members are fastened and fixed to each other at the required expansion / contraction positions by the tightening screw tool, the length of the supporting girder can be easily adjusted.

According to the fifth aspect, the hanging means hooking member comprises:
A latching member main body slidably attached to a required girder member, a tightening screw tool for fastening and fixing the latching member main body to the girder member at a required position, and a hooked portion provided on the latching member main body. Therefore, it is possible to easily and easily adjust the position of the hanging means locking member.

According to the sixth aspect, each engaging member has a substantially L-shaped cross section.
The L-shaped engaging member main body of the engaging member, which has an L-shaped engaging member main body and is attached to one end of the supporting girder, has an attaching part piece fixed to an inner corner thereof, and the attaching part piece is a supporting girder. The L-shaped engaging member main body of the engaging member pivotally attached to one end of the supporting girder and attached to the other end of the supporting girder has an attaching part piece fixed to an outer corner thereof, and the attaching part piece is attached to the supporting girder. Since it is pivotally attached to the other end, each engaging member can be easily manufactured with a simple structure, and both engaging members are respectively provided at the corners between the ceiling surface and the building exterior wall and the upper end of the handrail. It can be easily engaged.

According to the seventh aspect, since the cushion sheet is attached to the engaging surface of the L-shaped engaging member main body of each engaging member, the engaging member is provided at the corner portion between the ceiling surface and the building outer wall surface. When engaging with the upper end of the handrail, no unpleasant noise such as metallic noise is generated, the corners or the upper end of the handrail are not damaged, and the engaging member does not slip. The support girder can be accurately fixed to the engagement position, and the support girder can be fixed to the use position in a stable state.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing a usage state of an air conditioning outdoor unit lifting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a support girder of the lifting device.

FIG. 3A is an enlarged front view of a main part showing a usage state of the lifting device, and FIG. 3B is a side view seen from an arrow W of FIG.

4 (A) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 2, (B).
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line YY of FIG.

5A is an enlarged perspective view showing an engagement member on one end side of the support girder, and FIG. 5B is an enlarged perspective view showing an engagement member on the other end side.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged front view of essential parts showing a usage state of an air conditioning outdoor unit lifting device according to another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Support girder 2,3 Engagement member 4 Suspension means locking member 5 hanging rod 6 hanging means 7 Air conditioning outdoor unit 8 ceiling surface 9 building exterior wall 10 Corner between the ceiling and the exterior wall of the building 11 handrail 13 Floor of the balcony Girder members for supporting girders 16 Tightening screw 18 Tightening screw 19, 20 Hanging part of hanging means hanging member 21 First Line 22 Second line 23 Third Line 24 Manual winding tool 36, 37 Engaging member body 38, 39 Mounting piece 41 cushion seat

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An engaging member for engaging a corner portion between a ceiling surface of a veranda or the like and a building outer wall surface at one end of a length-adjustable support girder, and at the other end thereof at an upper end of a handrail. The engaging members that fit together are attached so that their angles can be changed, respectively, and the suspending means locking member that can move along the longitudinal direction of the support girder is fixedly attached at a required position of the support girder to adjust the length of the support girder. In a state where the engaging members at both ends are engaged with the corners between the ceiling surface and the outer wall of the building and the upper ends of the handrails,
An air-conditioning outdoor unit lifting device, wherein a hanging means is hooked on a hooked portion of a hanging means hooking member, and the air-conditioning outdoor unit is lifted to a required height from the floor surface of a veranda through the hanging means. 2. The hanging means is a rope such as a chain which is hooked on a hooked portion of a hanging means hooking member, and a manual winding which is connected to the rope and winds the rope by a manual lever operation. The air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device according to claim 1, which comprises a fixture. 3. The air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device according to claim 1, wherein the hanging means includes a hanging rod having an upper end portion hooked on a hooked portion of the hanging means hooking member. 4. The support girder comprises a plurality of girder members which are telescopically fitted to each other and are capable of expanding and contracting, and the girder members are fastened and fixed to each other at a required expansion / contraction position by a tightening screw tool. The air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. The suspending means latching member includes a latching member main body slidably attached to a required girder member of a plurality of girder members constituting a supporting girder, and the latching member main body at a required position. The air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device according to claim 4, comprising a tightening screw tool for tightening and fixing to the girder member, and a hooked portion provided on the hook member main body. 6. Each of the engaging members has an engaging member main body having a substantially L-shaped cross section, and the L-shaped engaging member main body of the engaging member attached to one end of the support girder has an inner corner portion thereof. The L-shaped engaging member body of the engaging member attached to the other end of the supporting girder is attached to the outer corner of the supporting girder by fixing the attaching part to the one end of the supporting girder. The pieces are fixed,
The air conditioner outdoor unit lifting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the attachment piece is pivotally attached to the other end of the support girder. 7. A cushion sheet is attached to an engagement surface of an L-shaped engagement member main body of each engagement member.
The air-conditioning outdoor unit lifting device according to any one of to 6.