JP2003080095A - Rotary crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] (with correction) [PROBLEMS] To break a chip into a fibrous form and further finely shear it so as to be suitable for composting. A first pair of bladed rollers (10, 20) that rotate in opposite directions while changing the rotation speed are provided in parallel, and the blades of each bladed roller are formed alternately in the axial direction of the roller bodies (10a, 20a). The blades 11a, 21a and the second blades 11b, 21b having a lower seat height than the first blade are formed between the first groove and the annular groove T corresponding to the second blades 11b, 21b. First blade 11 of the bladed roller
a, 21a penetrate into the annular groove T of the other bladed roller.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotary crusher as a crushing device as a crushing device for finely breaking down branch trees after branching off roadside trees into compost so that they can be easily composted.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, organic cultivation has become popular in cultivating vegetables and fruits. For this reason, branch trees that had been incinerated as garbage so far have been made finer. There has been a proposal to decompose the compost by bacteria to make it into a compost, and a proposal has been made to a crushing device that breaks down this branch tree finely.

[0003] For example, a branch tree after branching off a street tree is bulky if it is left as it is, so it is loaded on a carrier and transported to a disposal site, and then a dedicated device is used at the disposal site.
By further crushing and processing, and adding bacteria to this (crushed and processed chips), composting is realized.

As a crushing device for making these branch trees finer, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-26275.
The publication No. 0 discloses a structure as shown in FIG.

That is, the crushing device S has a meat mixer structure, and is made finer in order to facilitate the composting of the tree-like chip-like bodies W cut by the cutter device C.

At this time, the crushing apparatus S has a screw shaft 2 rotatably provided in a horizontally arranged cylindrical casing 1 and whether or not the screw shaft 2 is closed at the open end of the casing 1. As shown in FIG.

When the screw shaft 2 is rotated in the casing 1, the chip-shaped body W receives a pressing force of the screw shaft 2 between itself and the eye plate 3 and is pressed against each other to be crushed into fibers. It is pumped toward the plate 3.

The fibrous tip is pushed out through a large number of small holes 3a opened in the eye plate 3, and when passing through the small holes 3a in the eye plate 3, the screw shaft is pushed. Two
It is forcibly finely cut at the end of.

[0009]

However, the above-mentioned conventional crushing apparatus S has the following drawbacks.

That is, the crushing device S applies pressure between the chips and the eye plate 3 while passing the chips on the screw shaft 2, and crushes them into fibers by the pushing force of the screw shaft 2, and further, the small size of the eye plate 3. Since the fiber is sheared when passing through the hole 3a to make the chip finer, there are many steps for making the chip finely fibrous, it takes time, and the power of the device also becomes large. .

In addition, the above-mentioned structure (pressure is applied while passing the chip on the screw shaft, the chip is crushed into a fiber by the pressing force of the screw shaft, and the fiber is sheared when passing through the small hole 3a of the eye plate 3. In order to make the chips finer), the mechanical strength is required to press the chip-shaped bodies W that are pressure-fed to each other to forcibly crush them into fibrous shapes. It needs to be robustly formed to allow it.

That is, a large amount of power is required to pressure-feed the chip-like body W and forcibly crush the chips into fibrous shapes, and a large-scale device also causes a rise in the cost of the entire device.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object thereof is to finely break a chip broken by a cutter into a fibrous shape by employing a rotating force so as to facilitate composting. Of course, it is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary crusher that can be operated with low power and that can reduce the cost of the entire device by a simple structure as a whole.

[0014]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the means of the present invention has a pair of blades which are formed so that the blade edges are oriented in the same rotational direction and which rotate in opposite directions while changing their rotational speeds. In a rotary crusher that is provided with rollers facing each other in parallel, and crushes and discharges chip-shaped bodies that have been put between rollers with blades, each roller with blades has a roller body and a circle on the outer circumference of the roller body. A plurality of first blades consisting of a large number of blades arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction and valleys formed between the blades, and further forming the above blades alternately along the axial direction of the roller body. And a second blade having a seat height lower than that of the first blade to form an annular groove corresponding to the second blade continuous in the circumferential direction between the first blades, and the roller with one blade The first blade of the other roller with the other blade It is characterized in that is arranged to penetrate into.

In this case, the top of the first blade has a flat portion cut from the center of the roller body along a circle of the same radius, and the top of the second blade also has a radius of a radius shorter than the above radius. It is preferable that an annular groove be formed between the first blades by having a flat portion cut along the first blade and by continuing the flat portion of the second blade along the circumferential direction.

Similarly, the groove between two adjacent blades in the circumferential direction is formed by a concave groove that is curved with an appropriate curvature, and an inclined surface that is continuous with the concave groove and that extends in the tangential direction of the concave groove. One end of the groove is continued with the same curvature to the edge of the flat part of one blade, and one end of the inclined surface is connected to the flat part of the other blade, and one end of the groove and the edge of the flat part of one blade It is preferable to form a cutting edge that is oriented in the circumferential direction.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

In the rotary crusher of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the blade edges of the blades 11 and 12 are formed in the same rotational direction, and the rotational speeds of the blades 11 and 12 are rotated in opposite directions. A pair of bladed rollers 10 and 20 are provided so as to face each other in parallel, and the chip-shaped body W charged between the bladed rollers 10 and 20 is crushed and discharged while being crushed. Each of the bladed rollers 10 and 20 is composed of a roller body 10a and 20a, and a large number of blades 1 which are arranged on the outer periphery of the roller body 10a and 20a at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.
1, 21 and valleys 12 and 22 formed between the blades 11 and 11 and 21 and 21, respectively.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a plurality of first blades 11a and 21a in which the above blades 11 and 21 are alternately formed along the axial direction of the roller bodies 10a and 20a,
The second blade 11 which is continuous in the circumferential direction by being configured with the second blades 11b and 21b having a lower sitting height than the first blade.
b, 21b, annular grooves T, T corresponding to b, 21b are formed between the first blades 11a and 11a, 21a and 21a, and the first blade 11a of one bladed roller 10 is connected to the other bladed roller 20.
It is arranged so as to enter the annular groove T. This will be described in more detail below.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the two bladed rollers 10 and 20 are arranged in parallel along the axis lines a1 and a2.

The bladed rollers 10, 20
Has blades 11 and 21 having the same shape and the blade edges directed in the same direction on their outer circumferences, and valleys 12 and 22 having the same shape between the blades 11 and 21.

As described above, the blades 11 and 21 having the same shape and having the blade tips directed in the same direction are formed on the outer circumferences of the bladed rollers 10 and 20, respectively.
The blades are installed so that the directions of the blades are opposite to each other at the portions where the blades 20 face each other. That is, in the central portion of FIG. 2, one blade faces upward and the other blade faces downward.

When the bladed rollers 10 and 20 rotate, one roller rotates clockwise while the other roller rotates counterclockwise and both rollers rotate. A speed difference is given to the rotational speeds of both rollers so that the rotational speeds of one roller are increased and the rotational speed of the other roller is decreased, without making the speeds the same.

Further, a pair of bladed rollers 10, 20
When the blades are arranged in parallel, the blades 11 and 21 are oriented in the same direction, but by rotating the rollers 10 and 20 in opposite directions, for example, one of the blades is rotated at high speed. The orientation of the blade of the roller 10 was set to be the same as the rotation direction (downward), and the orientation of the blade of the other bladed roller 21 rotated at a low speed was set to be opposite to the rotation direction (upward).

As described above, the opposing blades are oriented in opposite directions, and the rotational speeds of both rollers are made different from each other, whereby the shearing effect of the tip can be enhanced.

The difference in rotational speed between both rollers (speed ratio)
However, if this speed difference is too large or too small, it is easy to imagine that the shear performance will be inferior. It varies greatly depending on the size of the target chip and the amount of water retained.

In this experiment, the speed difference is such that when the high speed side rotation speed is 1, the low speed side rotation speed is 0.3 to 0.
It was confirmed that when the number was about 7, the chip could be more finely sheared into a fibrous shape.

That is, in any state of the target chip, if the speed difference is outside the above range (0.3 or less or 0.7 or more), the desired shearing effect cannot be obtained.

By the way, as described above, the blades 11 and 21 of the bladed rollers 10 and 20 are such that the first blade having a high sitting height and the second blade having a lower sitting height alternate in the axial direction. It is composed continuously. Two bladed rollers 1
Since the blades 11 and 21 of the blades 0 and 20 have the same structure, for example, the structure of the blade 21 of the roller 20 with one blade will be described with reference to FIG.

Single row of blades 21 of bladed roller 20
Is composed of a first blade 21a and a second blade 21b, the top of the first blade 21a has a flat portion 21f cut along the locus X of the circle of the same radius from the center of the roller body 20a, Similarly, the top portion of the second blade 21b has a flat portion 21g cut along a locus Y of a circle having a radius shorter than the above radius, and the flat portion 21g of the second blade 21b along the circumferential direction is continuous. An annular groove T is formed between the first blades 21a and 21b. The blade 11 of the other bladed roller 10 is similarly formed, and the first blade 11a and the second blade 11b are provided with flat portions 11f and 11g, respectively. (See FIGS. 4 and 5) Further, a valley 22 extending along the axial direction is formed between the two blades 21 and 21 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. However, as shown in FIG. A concave groove 22d that is curved with a curvature of
The groove 22d is continuous with the groove 22d and has an inclined surface 22s extending in the tangential direction of the groove 22d.
The flat portion 2 of one blade 21a with the same curvature at one end of 2d
The edge of 1f is further connected, and one end of the inclined surface 22s is further connected to the flat portion 21f of the other blade 21a, and the edge of the groove 22d and the edge of the flat portion 21f of one blade 21a face in the circumferential direction. Forming A.

As mentioned above, the first blade 1 of the blades 11, 21
1a and 21a are formed so as to have flat portions 11f and 21f each having an appropriate width at the top which is a so-called cutting edge,
It is possible to avoid the problem that the blade edge is sharp and is easily damaged.

Further, since the valleys 12 and 22 have the concave groove 22d that is curved with an appropriate curvature, the chip rolls while being pressed in the concave groove 22d during shearing, and the chip is simply sheared. It can be disintegrated into a fibrous shape instead of being formed.

Regarding the depth of the concave groove 22d, if it is too deep, it will rather easily become clogged.
If it is too shallow, the phenomenon that the tip rolls in the groove 22d does not occur, and the tip cannot be broken into fine fibrous shapes.

Therefore, depending on the size of the target chip and the like, it is necessary to select an appropriate depth at which the chip can roll in the groove 22d.

Next, in the pair of bladed rollers 10 and 20, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the first blade 11a of one bladed roller 10 is placed in the annular groove T of the other bladed roller 20. The flat portion 11f that has entered and faces the flat portion 21g of the second blade 21b of the other bladed roller 20 with an arbitrary clearance a.

Explaining the clearance a, in general, if the clearance a is not present, the chips become powdery rather than fibrous, the water absorption capacity of the chips decreases, the load on the rollers increases, and the crushing torque ( This is because the compression force) becomes large.

However, even when the clearance a is 0 mm, good results may be shown depending on the size, shape, water content of the chips, and the speed ratio of both rollers.

Needless to say, if the clearance a is too large, the chip will be in a so-called idle state, and the chips will not become finer than they will be broken by the cutter.

From the above, it has been confirmed that the clearance a is optimally 0 to several mm for shearing the chips into fibers.

For example, in the case of a roller with a blade having a diameter of 200 mm, it became clear from experiments that the clearance a is optimally 2 mm or less.

Incidentally, as the groove shape of the blade, a square groove shape, a V groove shape, or the like may be considered, but if the shape is a square groove shape, chips will be easily clogged in the groove. Since it becomes difficult to cut into pieces, this tool cannot be said to have a suitable blade groove shape.

From the above, the valleys 12 of the blades 11 and 21,
By forming 22 in a curved shape and making it have an appropriate depth, the tip rolls while being pressed in the concave groove 22d, and the slope 22s rolls while being pressed, so that the tip is squeezed. It will be cut into fine fibers.

Further, as already described, since the valley 22 has the concave groove 22d with the same curvature,
The tip-shaped body W that has been rolling in the recessed groove 22d continues to roll on the inclined surface 22s as it is. In this case, when the blade 11 is rolling on the inclined surface 22s.
It will be finely crushed into fibrous material and disentangled.

Further, in the present invention, the tip-shaped body W introduced by the first blade of the roller with one blade entering the annular groove T of the roller with the other blade has both first blades 11a. , 21b are finely cut. That is, by inserting the first blades 11a, 21a of each other into the annular groove T of the other, the chip-shaped body W is finely cut in the direction perpendicular to the axis by the side surface of each first blade 11a, 21a.

By the way, as described above, for example, in the roller 20 with one blade, the concave groove 22d in the valley 22 is formed.
While maintaining the same curvature on one side, the blade 21 is connected to one of the blades 21 and is connected to the blade 21 through the sloping surface 22s of the concave groove 22d extending in the tangential direction. It becomes easy to form the valley 22.

When the two blade rollers 10 and 20 are rotated, for example, one roller 10 with blade is used.
When the roller 20 with the blade is on the high speed rotation side and the roller 20 with the blade on the other side is the low speed rotation side, each roller may be provided with a rotation driving device, or only one driving device may be provided, and the timing belt and the timing gear ( 2) using a gear) and the clearance P formed between the rollers with blades
Can be appropriately changed according to the shape, size, etc. of the chip-shaped body W.

[0047]

The present invention has the following effects.

(1) According to the inventions of claims 1 and 2, when the chip-shaped body is inserted between the two bladed rollers, the blade moving at high speed and the blade moving at low speed face each other with a narrow clearance and face each other. , In this facing area, the blades are in opposite directions, and the blades moving at high speed are downward and the blades moving at low speed are upward, so the effect of pressing between the blades facing each other with a narrow clearance is effective. Shearing action will be developed. Moreover, since the first blade of the roller with one blade penetrates the annular groove of the roller with the other blade, the chip-shaped body can be finely cut in the axial direction by the side surface of the first blade.

(2) According to the invention of claim 3, since the valley between the blades has the concave groove which is curved with an appropriate curvature, the chip-like body rolls while being pressurized in the concave groove. By doing so, it is crushed finely and processed so as to be loosened into fibers. Moreover, the chips processed by the bladed roller are finely cut by the side surface of the first blade, so that the chips are more suitable for composting.

(3) According to the invention of each claim, basically 2
Since the target treatment can be performed only with the blade roller of the book, the structure is simple and large power is not required. Therefore, the entire apparatus does not become large-scale, and the cost is not unnecessarily increased.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway schematic perspective view showing the principle of a rotary crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing an enlarged main part.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a roller with a blade showing a main part in a further enlarged manner.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing a meshed state of a bladed roller.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a meshing state of a bladed roller.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of a procedure for forming blades and valleys in a roller with blades.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a utilization state of a conventional crushing device.

[Explanation of symbols]

Roller with 10, 20 blades 10a, 20a roller body 11,21 blades 11a, 21a First blade 11b, 21b Second blade 11f, 21f Flat part 12,22 valley 22d concave groove 22s slope a clearance a1, a2 axis core gland H hopper W chip T annular groove

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Takashi Kamikoto             2-4-1, Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo World Trade             Yasu Center Building Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tsuneo Maki             1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo School             Corporate Tokyo University of Agriculture (72) Inventor Masataka Yoshimura             1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo School             Corporate Tokyo University of Agriculture (72) Inventor Jun Tajima             1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo School             Corporate Tokyo University of Agriculture F-term (reference) 4D065 CA12 CB02 CC01 CC08 DD08                       EB20

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A chip provided with a pair of blade rollers having blade edges directed in the same rotation direction and rotating in opposite directions while changing their rotation speeds in parallel and facing each other. In a rotary crusher that crushes and discharges the shaped body while unraveling, each of the rollers with blades is a roller body, and a large number of blades that are spaced at equal intervals along the circumference of the roller body, and each blade. A plurality of first blades each having a valley formed between them and the blades alternately formed along the axial direction of the roller body, and a second blade having a sitting height lower than that of the first blades. By forming an annular groove corresponding to the second blade that is continuous in the circumferential direction between the first blades,
A rotary crusher, wherein the first blade of the roller with one blade is arranged so as to enter the annular groove of the roller with the other blade. 2. The top of the first blade has a flat portion cut along a circle of the same radius from the center of the roller body, and the top of the second blade also has a radius shorter than the above radius. The rotary crusher according to claim 1, wherein the rotary crusher has a flat portion cut along the circumference thereof, and an annular groove is formed between the first blades by continuation of the flat portion of the second blade along the circumferential direction. 3. A concave groove in which a valley between two blades adjacent in the circumferential direction is curved with an appropriate curvature, and an inclined surface which is continuous with the concave groove and extends tangentially in the concave groove, One end of the groove is continued with the same curvature to the edge of the flat part of one blade, and one end of the inclined surface is connected to the flat part of the other blade, and one end of the groove and the edge of the flat part of one blade The rotary crusher according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a blade edge facing in the circumferential direction is formed by and.