JP2003049610A - Electric power-hydrogen combined supply equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generating means capable of reducing the total power generation cost by increasing the equipment utilization rate regardless of lowering the electric power demand. SOLUTION: In this electric power-hydrogen combined supplying equipment, an exhaust gas boiler 11 is provided with a hydrogen separation-type reforming unit 11b, and the generated hydrogen (h) is supplied to a gas turbine 10 as a part of the fuel (f) in normal operation, and stored when the electric power demand is reduced.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combined power / hydrogen facility that can increase the facility utilization rate regardless of a reduction in power demand.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 4 shows an example of conventional power generation equipment equipped with a gas turbine and a steam turbine. The conventional power generation equipment shown in the figure has taken in air a and fuel f (natural gas).
A gas turbine 1 that mixes and combusts with each other to generate a rotational driving force, an exhaust gas boiler 2 that generates steam s using exhaust gas g from the gas turbine 1 as a heat source, and a steam s from the exhaust gas boiler 2 that is rotationally driven. Steam turbine 3
And a generator 4 that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine 3 and the gas turbine 1.

The gas turbine 1 has a compressor 1a for compressing and discharging the taken-in air a, a combustor 1b to which compressed air compressed by the compressor 1a is supplied, and a combustion gas for the combustor 1b. And a turbine 1c that is driven to rotate by the. In addition, the exhaust gas boiler 2 is provided with a heat exchange unit 2a that heats the steam s whose temperature has decreased through the steam turbine 3 with the exhaust gas g. Then, the exhaust gas g that has been cooled down through the heat exchanging portion 2a is discharged from the chimney 5. Also, the steam turbine 3
Is driven to rotate by the steam s from the exhaust gas boiler 2, and has a rotating shaft 3a. Also, the generator 4
Is connected between the rotary shaft 3a of the steam turbine 3 and the rotary shaft 1d of the gas turbine 1.
Power can be generated by the rotational driving force of a and 1d.

[0004]

By the way, in the conventional power generation equipment described above, there is a problem that the equipment utilization rate becomes low and the power generation cost rises because it is necessary to reduce the load at the time of nighttime power demand decrease. Was there. In other words, when the power demand decreases, operating in the same way as during the daytime causes surplus power, and since this surplus power cannot be stored, the power generation capacity is naturally lowered in response to the power demand drop. It had to be done, and the facility utilization rate had to fall.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation means capable of reducing the overall power generation cost by increasing the facility utilization rate regardless of the decrease in the power demand. .

[0006]

The present invention adopts the following means in order to solve the above problems. That is, the combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility according to claim 1 is a gas turbine that mixes and burns air and fuel to generate a rotational driving force, and an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by using exhaust gas from the gas turbine as a heat source. A steam turbine rotatably driven by the steam from the exhaust gas boiler, and a generator that generates electric power by the rotary driving force of the steam turbine and the gas turbine, and the exhaust gas boiler includes the generator generated by the exhaust gas boiler. Taking in a part of steam and the natural gas,
A hydrogen separation type reformer that is heated by exhaust gas from the gas turbine to generate at least hydrogen is provided, and the hydrogen is supplied to the gas turbine as the fuel during the normal operation requiring a normal power generation amount, It is characterized in that it is stored when the power demand drops, which requires a lower power generation than the normal power generation.

According to the combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility of claim 1, when the electric power demand decreases, the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen separation reformer is stored and can be used at any time. Become. That is, instead of the electric power that could not be stored conventionally, hydrogen can be supplied as another form of storable energy called hydrogen. In addition, during normal operation, compared with the case where natural gas is directly fed to the gas turbine and burned as natural fuel, natural gas is turned into hydrogen gas through the hydrogen separation reformer and then fed into the gas turbine and burned. By doing so, it becomes possible to obtain a higher thermal efficiency improvement in total.

The combined electric power / hydrogen facility according to claim 2 is:
The combined electric power and hydrogen supply facility according to claim 1, further comprising a fuel cell that takes in the hydrogen stored when the electric power demand decreases during the normal operation to generate electric power. According to the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of claim 2, since the power generation amount by the fuel cell can be added to the power generation amount during normal operation, the power generation capacity during normal operation can be further enhanced. Like

The electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to claim 3 is:
The combined electric power / hydrogen facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrogen separation type reformer chemically reacts with the mixed fluid of the natural gas and the steam heated by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine, It is characterized in that a catalyst for producing hydrogen and carbon dioxide and a palladium alloy membrane for selectively separating the produced hydrogen are provided.
According to the combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility of claim 3, when hydrogen is obtained by another hydrogen separation type reformer, a relatively high heating temperature (for example, 800 ° C.) is required. By adopting the hydrogen separation type reformer having the configuration, it becomes possible to efficiently generate hydrogen even at the exhaust gas temperature (for example, 550 ° C.) of the gas turbine.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto. Note that FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a schematic device configuration of the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present embodiment. Also, FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hydrogen separation type reformer which is a component of the same electric power / hydrogen co-supply facility, (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is a partially enlarged view of part A of (a). . Further, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of co-supplying electric power and hydrogen by the same electric power / hydrogen co-supply facility.

As shown in FIG. 1, the combined electric power / hydrogen supply system of this embodiment has a gas turbine 10 for generating a rotational driving force by mixing and burning the taken-in air a and fuel f, and a gas turbine 10 from the gas turbine 10. Exhaust gas e is used as a heat source for steam s
And an exhaust gas boiler 11 for generating
Turbine 12 driven to rotate by steam s from
And a chimney 14 and a generator 13 that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine 12 and the gas turbine 10.

The gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 10a for compressing and discharging the taken-in air a, a combustor 10b to which the air a compressed by the compressor 10a is supplied, and a combustion gas g of the combustor 10b. And a turbine 10c that is driven to rotate by. Compressor 10a and turbine 10
c has a common rotating shaft 10d.
The generator 13 is connected to one end of 0d.
The combustor 10b mixes and burns a natural gas m (methane gas), hydrogen h, and off gas c (carbon dioxide), which will be described later, with the air a as the fuel f to generate a high-temperature combustion gas g.

The steam turbine 12 is rotatably driven by the steam s from the exhaust gas boiler 11, has a rotary shaft 12a coaxial with the rotary shaft 10d, and has the generator 13 at one end thereof. Are connected. Therefore, the generator 13 is connected between the rotating shafts 10d and 12a and can generate electric power by the rotational driving force of these rotating shafts 10d and 12a.

Further, the exhaust gas boiler 11 is the boiler main body 1
1a, a part of the steam s generated in the boiler main body 11a and a separately supplied natural gas m (methane gas) are taken in and heated by the exhaust gas e from the gas turbine 10 to generate the hydrogen h and the off gas c. It is configured to include a hydrogen separation type reformer 11b (membrane reformer) that is generated. The hydrogen h and the off gas c generated in the hydrogen separation type reformer 11b and the natural gas m are transferred to the combustor 1
It is possible to supply toward 0b. And hydrogen h
Can be supplied to the combustor 10b or stored as hydrogen gas energy. That is, during the normal operation requiring the normal power generation amount, the fuel is supplied to the combustor 10b of the gas turbine 10 as a part of the fuel f, and when the power demand lowering the power generation amount lower than the normal power generation amount decreases, the fuel is stored in a storage tank (not shown). It is possible.

The hydrogen separation type reformer 11b is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), the casing 2 has a substantially double cylindrical shape.
0, the catalyst 21 filled in the space between the inner cylinder 20a and the outer cylinder 20b thereof, the tubular membrane tube 22 arranged in the catalyst 21, and the natural gas m in the casing 20.
And an intake port 23 for taking in a mixed fluid of steam s,
A hydrogen take-out pipe 24 for taking out the generated hydrogen h to the outside of the casing 20 and an off-gas discharge pipe 25 for discharging the generated off-gas c to the outside of the casing 20 are configured.

The catalyst 21 chemically reacts the mixed fluid of the natural gas m and the steam s heated by the exhaust gas e (having a temperature of about 550 ° C.) from the gas turbine 10 to produce hydrogen h and off gas c. (Carbon dioxide) has the property of generating. The membrane tube 22 is the casing 2
It is a tube in which a plurality of tubes are arranged at equal intervals in a direction parallel to the axis of 0, and is a double film including an outer film made of a palladium alloy film and an inner film made of a metal porous body provided inside the outer film. It has a structure. And these membrane tubes 2
2 can be separated from the offgas c by selectively taking only hydrogen h into the inside of the hydrogen h and the offgas c generated by the catalyst 21 on the outside. Therefore, the hydrogen h is extracted from the hydrogen extraction pipe 24, and the offgas c is discharged from the offgas discharge pipe 25.

The chimney 14 shown in FIG. 1 discharges the exhaust gas e after passing through the exhaust gas boiler 11 in the order of the hydrogen separation type reformer 11b and the boiler body 11a to the atmosphere. In addition, the natural gas m taken into the hydrogen separation reformer 11b is preheated by the heat y which is a part of the heat generation of the boiler body 11a by passing through the preheater 11c.

The operation of the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of this embodiment described above will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3. In the following description, the normal operation will be described as daytime, and the power demand decrease will be described as night. First, the daytime requiring a predetermined power will be described.
The gas turbine 10 takes in the air a into the compressor 10a, compresses it, and then sends it to the combustor 10b under pressure. In the combustor 10b, the pressurized air a and the hydrogen separation type reformer 1
Hydrogen h and off gas c from 1b and natural gas m are mixed and combusted, and this high temperature combustion gas g is sent to the turbine 10c. Then, the exhaust gas e discharged by rotating the turbine 10c is introduced into the hydrogen separation reformer 11b in the high temperature state (for example, 550 ° C.) to heat the separately supplied natural gas m and steam s. To do.
Then, the natural gas m and the steam s are converted into hydrogen h and off gas c by the catalyst 21.

The high-purity hydrogen h thus produced
Are charged into the combustor 10b together with the off gas c and the separately supplied natural gas m, and are mixed and burned, and thereafter, as the combustion gas g, are sent to the turbine 10c as described above. On the other hand, the exhaust gas e after heating the hydrogen separation type reformer 11b is introduced into the boiler body 11a and heats the water returning from the steam turbine 12 to generate steam s. Then, this steam s drives the steam turbine 12 to rotate.

Therefore, the generator 13 is the steam turbine 1
2 and the gas turbine 10 to generate electric power E. The electric power E at this time can generate a higher total electric power as compared with the case where the natural gas m is not converted to hydrogen h but is directly fed to the gas turbine 10 as the fuel f and burned. Incidentally, according to the calculation of the inventor of the present invention, it has been found that the power generation efficiency can be improved by 0.3 to 0.5%. That is, in FIG. 3, hydrogen h
It is possible to obtain a higher electric power E ′, which is the amount of electric power improvement due to the combustion such as when compared with the case where the natural gas m is burned as it is in the combustor 10b.

Next, the nighttime when the electric power demand decreases will be described. At this night, only the natural gas m and the off gas c are charged into the combustor 10b and burned,
The only difference is that hydrogen h is stored in the storage tank, and other operations are the same during the daytime. Therefore, the stored hydrogen h can be used at any time. That is, instead of the electric power that could not be stored conventionally, hydrogen h can be supplied as another form of energy that can be stored. This stored hydrogen h may be used for other purposes as industrial product hydrogen, or the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility of this embodiment is equipped with a fuel cell (not shown), and the fuel cell Alternatively, the stored hydrogen h may be taken in to generate power during the daytime. In this case, the power generation capacity during the daytime can be further enhanced.

The combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility of this embodiment described above is provided with the hydrogen separation reformer 11b in the exhaust gas boiler 11, and the generated hydrogen h and the off gas c are used as a part of the fuel f during normal operation. The configuration is adopted in which the power is supplied to the turbine 10 and stored when the power demand decreases. According to this configuration, when the facility is operated with a constant load when the power demand decreases, the power that cannot be stored by the conventional power generation facility and becomes surplus can be stored as storable energy called hydrogen h. Like Therefore, it is not necessary to reduce the load so that excess power does not occur as in the past, and it is possible to operate at a constant load and increase the facility utilization rate regardless of the decrease in power demand. It is possible to reduce the power generation cost. Further, in the normal operation, as compared with the case where the natural gas m is directly fed to the gas turbine 10 as the fuel f and burned, the natural gas m is converted to hydrogen h through the hydrogen separation reformer and then the gas turbine 10 It is possible to obtain a higher thermal efficiency as a whole by throwing it in and burning it.

Further, in the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of this embodiment, the hydrogen separation reformer 11b heats the natural gas m.
The catalyst 21 that chemically reacts the mixed fluid of the steam s and the steam s to generate the hydrogen h and the offgas c, and the membrane tube 22 that selectively separates the generated hydrogen h are adopted. According to this configuration, it becomes possible to efficiently generate hydrogen h from the natural gas m even at the exhaust gas temperature (for example, 550 ° C.) level of the gas turbine 10.

[0024]

The combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility according to claim 1 of the present invention is provided with a hydrogen separation type reformer in an exhaust gas boiler, and the generated hydrogen is supplied to a gas turbine as fuel during normal operation to generate electric power. We adopted a configuration that stores when demand drops. According to this configuration, when the facility is operated at a constant load when the power demand decreases, the surplus power that cannot be stored by the conventional power generation facility can be stored as storable energy called hydrogen. become. Therefore, it is not necessary to reduce the load so that excess power does not occur as in the past, and it is possible to operate at a constant load and increase the facility utilization rate regardless of the decrease in power demand. It is possible to reduce the power generation cost. In addition, during normal operation, compared with the case where natural gas is directly fed to the gas turbine and burned as natural fuel, natural gas is turned into hydrogen gas through the hydrogen separation reformer and then fed into the gas turbine and burned. By doing so, it becomes possible to obtain a higher thermal efficiency improvement in total.

Further, the combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility according to claim 2 further comprises a fuel cell which, during normal operation, takes in the stored hydrogen to generate electricity when the electric power demand decreases. According to this configuration, it is possible to further increase the power generation capacity during normal operation.

In the combined power / hydrogen supply facility according to a third aspect of the present invention, the hydrogen separation type reformer has a catalyst for chemically reacting the mixed fluid of heated natural gas and steam to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. , And a palladium alloy membrane that selectively separates the generated hydrogen. According to this configuration, the exhaust gas temperature of the gas turbine (for example, 5
Even at the (50 ° C.) level, it becomes possible to efficiently generate hydrogen from natural gas.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present invention, and is an overall configuration diagram showing a schematic device configuration.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hydrogen separation type reformer which is a component of the same electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility, in which (a) is a perspective view;
(B) is a partial enlarged view of the A portion of (a).

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of co-supplying electric power and hydrogen by the same electric power / hydrogen co-supply facility.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a conventional power generation facility including a steam turbine and a gas turbine, and is an overall configuration diagram showing a schematic device configuration.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 ... Gas turbine 11 ... Exhaust gas boiler 11b ... Hydrogen separation reformer 12 ... Steam turbine 13 ... Generator 21 ... Catalyst 22 ... Membrane tube (palladium alloy film) a ... air c ... Carbon dioxide (off gas) e ... Exhaust gas f ... Fuel h ... hydrogen m: natural gas s ... steam

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ identification code FI theme code (reference) F02C 7/22 F02C 7/22 D

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A gas turbine that generates a rotational driving force by mixing and burning air and fuel, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by using exhaust gas from the gas turbine as a heat source, and a rotation by the steam from the exhaust gas boiler. A driven steam turbine, and a generator that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine and the gas turbine, the exhaust gas boiler, a part of the steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler, and the natural gas And a hydrogen separation type reformer that generates at least hydrogen by heating with exhaust gas from the gas turbine, and the hydrogen is supplied to the gas turbine as the fuel during a normal operation that requires a normal power generation amount. Power / hydrogen combined supply, which is supplied and stored when the power demand drops, which requires a lower power generation than the normal power generation. . 2. The combined power / hydrogen supply facility according to claim 1, further comprising a fuel cell that takes in the hydrogen stored when the electric power demand decreases during the normal operation to generate electric power. Electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility 3. The combined power / hydrogen supply facility according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen separation reformer has a mixed fluid of the natural gas and the steam heated by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine. A combined power / hydrogen supply facility comprising a catalyst that chemically reacts with hydrogen to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and a palladium alloy membrane that selectively separates the produced hydrogen.