JP2003048689A - Braking device of hoist winch and crane using the braking device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate the adjustment of a braking force in half brake operation and increase an accuracy for positioning to a stop position in inching operation by effectively absorbing the vibration of a machine during braking operation and the swing of hands and legs of an operator to easily output the stable braking force in the braking device of a hoist winch. SOLUTION: When a brake pedal 17 is depressed or released from a depressed state, the brake pedal 17 is rotated around a rotating shaft 17a to operate a push rod 14a for determining the degree of decompression of a pressure reducing valve 14 through a link 18 connected to the rotating shaft 17b so as to generate a brake force according to the amount of the operation. In this case, a pedal returning spring 19 connected to the rotating shaft 17c installed in the brake pedal 17 is operated at the same time to provide the returning force for the brake pedal 17. A rotatably connected oil damper 20 is installed in the rotating shaft 17d installed in the brake pedal 17 to add damping characteristics to the operation of the brake pedal 17.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hoisting winch braking device for braking the rotation of a winch drum during a free fall operation, and a crane equipped with the braking device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art This type of braking device is a so-called dynamic hydraulic braking device, in which the operating force of an operating device is indirectly transmitted via a control valve by using the dynamic oil pressure of a hydraulic pump, and the braking force is adjusted according to the operation amount. It has a mechanism to generate the braking force. This type of braking device can reduce the operating force with respect to the braking force to be generated, as compared with a hydrostatic braking device that has a simple hydraulic boosting mechanism using a master cylinder that is widely used in automobiles at present. .

[0003]

In a construction machine represented by a crane, a required braking force is large, and a dynamic hydraulic braking device is suitable because the operation force is reduced. However, in the above-mentioned conventional technology, the operating force of the operating device is determined only by the operating force of the control valve or the spring reaction force of the return spring of the operating lever or the operating pedal, and therefore the operating force of the operating device has only spring characteristics. Didn't. For this reason, the operating device is operated due to the vibration of the machine generated during the braking operation and the swing of the limbs of the operator, and it is difficult to generate a stable braking force. As a result, there are problems that it is difficult to adjust the braking force during half-brake operation, and the positioning accuracy of the stop position during fine operation is reduced.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is to provide an operating device which outputs a braking command according to an operation amount, and an operating device which responds to the braking command from the operating device. In a braking device for a hoisting winch, which comprises a braking means for braking a winch drum, an input device for determining an operation amount of the operating device is provided with an element having a damping characteristic. On the device.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the braking means uses a dynamic oil pressure by a hydraulic pump, and the operation amount of the operating device is indirectly transmitted via a control valve, and the braking force corresponding to the operation amount is used. The braking device for a hoisting winch according to claim 1, wherein the input device for determining the operation amount of the operating device is provided with an element having damping characteristics.

In the invention according to claim 3, the operating device has a mechanical pressure control valve, and has a mechanism for transmitting the operation amount to the pressure control valve by using a mechanical element such as a link.
3. The hoisting winch braking device according to claim 2, wherein the input device is provided with an element having a damping characteristic.

In the invention according to claim 4, the operating device has an electromagnetic proportional pressure control valve, and a mechanism for converting the manipulated variable into an electric signal using a sensor or the like and inputting it to the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve is provided. The braking device for a hoisting winch according to claim 2, wherein the input device is provided with an element having a damping characteristic.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the input device for determining the operation amount of the operating device is formed by a foot pedal provided with an element having a damping characteristic. The braking device for a hoisting winch according to any one of items 1 to 4.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, any one of an oil damper, a gas shock, an air shock, a shock absorber unit, and a rubber damper unit is provided on the foot pedal that determines the operation amount of the operating device. The braking device for a hoisting winch according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein

Further, the invention according to claim 7 is an operating device for outputting a braking command according to an operation amount, a braking means for braking a winch drum in response to a braking command from the operating device, and the operating device. The crane is characterized by including a hoisting winch braking device having an element having a damping characteristic as an input device for determining the operation amount of the.

According to the invention described in claim 8, the braking means uses a dynamic oil pressure by a hydraulic pump, and the operation amount of the operating device is indirectly transmitted via a control valve, and a braking force corresponding to the operation amount is applied. The crane according to claim 7, further comprising: a hoisting winch braking device having a mechanism for generating the input device and an element having a damping characteristic provided in an input device for determining an operation amount of the operating device. .

According to a ninth aspect of the invention, the operating device has a mechanical pressure control valve, and has a mechanism for transmitting the operation amount to the pressure control valve by using a mechanical element such as a link. 9. The crane according to claim 8, further comprising a hoisting winch braking device in which an input device is provided with an element having damping characteristics.

Further, in the invention as set forth in claim 10, the operating device has an electromagnetic proportional pressure control valve, and a mechanism for converting the manipulated variable into an electric signal by using a sensor or the like and inputting it to the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve. The crane according to claim 8, further comprising a hoisting winch braking device in which the input device is provided with an element having a damping characteristic.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the input device for determining the operation amount of the operating device includes a hoisting winch braking device constituted by a foot pedal provided with an element having a damping characteristic. 7. The method according to claim 7, wherein
The crane according to any one of 1 to 10.

According to a twelfth aspect of the invention, any one of an oil damper, a gas shock, an air shock, a shock absorber unit, and a rubber damper unit is provided on the foot pedal that determines the operation amount of the operating device. The crane according to any one of claims 7 to 11, further comprising a braking device for a hoisting winch.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a hoisting winch braking device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a crane equipped with an embodiment of the damping arrangement of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof. In these figures, 1 is a traveling body, 2 is a revolving structure mounted on the traveling structure 1 so as to be rotatable, 3 is a boom provided on the revolving structure 2 so as to be capable of undulating, 4 is a winch drum mounted on the revolving structure 2, 5 is a brake drum that is provided at the axial end of the winch drum 4 and rotates integrally with the winch drum 4, 6 is a wire rope wound around the winch drum 4, 7 is a hook provided on the wire rope 6, and 8 is The hanging load carried by the hook 7 is shown.

Next, the operation of the crane provided with the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. During general crane work, the wire rope 6 is hoisted or hoisted by driving the winch drum 4, and the suspended load 8 is hoisted or hoisted by the hook 7 connected to the wire rope 6. During the free fall work, the suspended load 8 is lowered by its own weight, and the suspended load 8 is braked by braking the brake drum 5 rotated by the downward movement of the suspended load 8.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a braking device for a hoisting winch according to the present invention. In FIG. 3, FIG.
The same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 2 indicate the same parts. Reference numeral 9 denotes an expandable / contractible brake band provided on the outer peripheral portion of the brake drum 5, 10 denotes a bolt for fastening one end of the brake band 9 divided in the circumferential direction, 11 denotes a brake cylinder, and 12 and 13 have brake bands. A link connecting the other end of 9 and the brake cylinder 11, 14 connecting to the brake cylinder 11 is a pressure reducing valve, 15 is a hydraulic pump, 16
Is a tank, 17 is a brake pedal, 18 is a link connecting the brake pedal 17 and the pressure reducing valve 14, 19 is a pedal return spring, and 20 is an oil damper.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific configuration of an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. 4, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 3 indicate the same parts. Reference numeral 21 is an eyebolt for fixing the pedal return spring, 22 is a bracket fixed to the frame portion for fastening the eyebolt 21, and 23 is a bracket fixed to the frame portion for rotatably fixing one end of the oil damper 20. .

Next, the operation of the above-described embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention will be specifically described. Brake pedal 1
When the brake pedal 17 is stepped on or returned from the stepped state, the brake pedal 17 is rotated around the rotation shaft 17a as a fulcrum, and the pressure reduction degree of the pressure reduction valve 14 is determined via the link 18 connected to the rotation shaft 17b. The push rod 14a is operated. The brake cylinder 11 generates a stroke according to the degree of pressure reduction of the pressure reducing valve 14, and expands or contracts the brake band 9 via the links 12 and 13 to generate a braking force according to the operation amount. At this time, the pedal return spring 19 connected to the rotating shaft 17c provided on the brake pedal 17 simultaneously operates to apply the return force of the brake pedal 17. An oil damper 20 rotatably connected to the rotary shaft 17d provided on the brake pedal 17 is provided to add damping characteristics to the operation of the brake pedal 17.

According to this construction, when the brake pedal 17 is operated, the damping force is added to the operating force in addition to the conventional spring characteristic, so that the vibration of the crane body at the time of operation and the distance of the operator's foot are extended. It is possible to efficiently absorb the motion and output a stable braking force, which facilitates adjustment of the braking force during half-brake operation and improves the positioning accuracy of the suspended load stop position during fine operation.

In this embodiment, the brake pedal 17
The pedal return spring 19 for loading the return force of the pedal is provided. However, when the return force of the push rod 14a of the pressure reducing valve 14 is suitable as the brake pedal return force, the pedal return spring 19 and the return spring are fixed. The eyebolt 21 and the bracket 22 for fastening the eyebolt 21 can be omitted.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the device of the present invention. 5, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 4 denote the same parts. Reference numeral 24 indicates a shock absorber unit. A feature of this embodiment is that a shock absorber unit 24 having a damper return spring 24a for applying a returning force to the oil damper itself is provided.
According to this embodiment, when the restoring force of the push rod 14a of the pressure reducing valve 14 is not appropriate as the braking pedal restoring force, and a separate pedal restoring spring must be provided, the shock absorber unit 24 having the restoring force.
If adopted, eyebolt 2 provided for fixing the return spring
1. Bracket 2 for fastening this eyebolt 21
It is not necessary to provide two, and the same effect can be obtained with a simpler configuration than the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. 6, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 4 denote the same parts. Reference numeral 25 denotes a shock unit in which a compressive gas such as air or nitrogen gas is injected. The feature of this embodiment is that a shock unit 25 into which a compressible gas is injected is provided. According to this embodiment, the air shock and the gas shock have damping and spring characteristics by themselves, and there is no need to provide a return spring in comparison with the above-mentioned first and second embodiments. The same effect can be obtained with this configuration.

Further, the spring characteristic of the air shock and the gas shock is a non-linear spring characteristic, and this characteristic also brings an effective effect on the brake operation. FIG. 7 shows the relationship of the generated braking force with respect to the pedal operation amount, FIG. 8 shows the relationship of the pedal operation force with respect to the pedal operation amount when the linear spring characteristic is added, and FIG. 9 shows the case where the nonlinear spring characteristic is added. 5 shows the relationship between the pedal operation amount and the pedal operation force. The braking force generated in the braking device is shown in FIG. 7 for the reason that the braking force that is normally used is considerably smaller than the maximum braking force that must be satisfied by the standard and the operability in the regular braking force range is improved. As described above, it is general to give a non-linear characteristic to the pedal operation amount. Therefore, by making the spring characteristic applied to restore the pedal to be a non-linear spring characteristic, both the relationship between the generated braking force and the pedal operating force with respect to the pedal operation amount can be made to have the same characteristic. The effects of the embodiment are more prominent. Further, by adopting such a configuration, as the brake pedal is deeply depressed, the gradient of the pedal return force characteristic becomes large, so that there is a new effect that it is possible to prevent a sudden stop of the winch drum due to excessive depression of the brake pedal.

10 and 11 are views showing a fourth embodiment of the device of the present invention. 10 and 11, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 4 denote the same parts. The feature of the present embodiment is that instead of the damper returning spring 24a described in the second embodiment, the nonlinear springs 24b, 2 are provided.
4c is provided. The non-linear spring 24b in FIG. 9 is configured to have a different pitch for each number of turns, and the non-linear spring 24c in FIG. 11 changes the average coil diameter for each number of turns.
It has a conical shape, and both have nonlinear spring characteristics. With this configuration, the pedal return force can be made to have a non-linear spring characteristic even when an oil damper is provided to add a damping characteristic, and as described in the third embodiment, the effect of the present invention becomes remarkable. can do.

FIG. 12 is a front view showing a fifth embodiment of the device of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a side view thereof. In these figures, the same symbols as those shown in FIG. 4 indicate the same parts. Reference numeral 26 is a rubber damper unit adopting the Nychart mechanism, 27 is a bracket for fixing the rubber damper unit 26, 28 is a bolt for fastening the bracket 27, and 29 is a bolt for fastening the rubber damper unit 26 and the brake pedal 17. . A feature of this embodiment is that a rubber damper unit 26 adopting a Nyquid mechanism is provided as a mechanical element having a damping characteristic.

Next, the structure of the rubber damper unit adopting the Nytehardt mechanism will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 14 shows an overview of a rubber damper unit 26 that employs the Nyquid mechanism. Figure 15 shows an overview of its components. The Knighthardt mechanism is composed of a metal outer shell 26a,
A mechanical element in which a rubber 26c is press-fitted between the inner shell 26b, and either the outer shell 26a or the inner shell 26b is fixed,
The other is configured to be rotatable while rolling and compressing the rubber 26c.

The rubber damper unit adopting the above-mentioned Nychhardt mechanism has a damping characteristic and a non-linear spring characteristic in order to compress the rubber at the time of rotation. Moreover, since a uniform compressive force is applied in each direction, it has a bearing function. Is also a mechanical element that has. Therefore, by providing this rubber damper unit on the rotating shaft of the brake pedal, it is possible to obtain the same effects as those of the first to fourth embodiments. Moreover, the number of components is smaller than those of the first to fourth embodiments, and the effect of the present invention can be more easily obtained.

In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical pressure reducing valve is used to transmit the operation amount of the brake pedal to the control valve via the link, but the present invention adopts the electric control described below. The same configuration can be applied to the braking device described above.

16 to 18 show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a braking device adopting the above electric control, and FIG.
6 is a structural diagram showing an embodiment of an electrically controlled braking device to which the present invention is applied. 16, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 3 denote the same parts. 30 is an electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve, 31 is provided on the brake pedal rotating shaft 17a,
A sensor for detecting an operation amount of the brake pedal 17, and a reference numeral 32 denotes an arithmetic device for outputting a control command proportional to the operation amount of the brake pedal 17 detected by the sensor 31 to the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve 30. FIG. 17 is a front view showing an embodiment of the electric control braking device, and FIG. 18 is a side view thereof. In these figures, the same symbols as those shown in FIG. 5 indicate the same parts. Reference numeral 33 is a shaft provided on the brake pedal rotation shaft, 34 is a stopper that limits the operation amount on the brake pedal depression side and the return side, and 35 is provided on the shaft 33 and is rotatably connected to the shock absorber unit 24. An arm, 36 is a pedestal for supporting the rotation of the shaft 33, and 37 is a coupling for transmitting the rotation of the shaft 33 connected to the brake pedal 17 to the sensor 31.

Next, the operation of the electric control type braking device of the present invention will be specifically described. By depressing the brake pedal 17 or returning it from the depressed state, the shaft 33 connected to the brake pedal 17 rotates with the pedestal 36 as a rotation fulcrum. Shaft 3 rotated by operating brake pedal 17
3 transmits the rotation amount (operation amount) to a sensor via a coupling 37 which is fastened to the shaft 33, and converts the rotation amount (operation amount) into an electric signal. The rotation amount (operation amount) converted into an electric signal is input to the arithmetic unit 32, and a control command proportional to the input value is output to the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve 30. The electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve 30 outputs a pressure reduction degree proportional to the control command output from the arithmetic unit 32 to the brake cylinder 11, and the stroke of the brake cylinder 11 causes the brake band 9 to expand or contract via the links 12 and 13. Generates braking force. At this time, as the brake pedal 17 is operated, the shaft 33 is rotated and the arm 35 provided on the shaft 33 is operated. When the arm 35 is operated, the shock absorber unit provided on the rotary shaft 35a of the arm 35 is operated, and damping characteristics are added to the operation of the pedal.

In this embodiment, the case where the shock absorber unit 24 is provided as in the second embodiment has been shown, but it is also possible to adopt the same configuration as that of the other embodiments described above, and to use them. The same effect can be obtained.

In the section of the means for solving the above-mentioned problems for explaining the structure of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments are used for the sake of easy understanding of the present invention. However, for example, a manual lever may be used as the operating device instead of the foot pedal. Further, although the form of the braking device has been described using the band type brake, the present invention can be applied to other braking devices such as a disc type brake.

[0035]

As described in detail above, according to the braking device of the present invention, an operating device that outputs a braking command according to an operation amount, and a braking device that brakes a winch drum in response to a braking command from the operating device. In the hoisting winch braking device provided with means, since the input device for determining the operation amount of the operating device is provided with a mechanical element having damping characteristics, vibration of the machine occurring during braking operation, It is possible to efficiently absorb the sway of the operator's limbs and generate a stable braking force. As a result, the ease of adjusting the braking force during half-brake operation and the positioning accuracy of the stop position during fine operation are improved.

Further, according to the crane of the present invention, even when the rotation of the winch drum is braked by the free fall operation or the like by the mechanical element having the damping characteristic provided in the input device which constitutes the braking device, it is for the above-mentioned reason. A stable braking force can be easily generated, and safe and reliable work can be performed even in a hammer work requiring a free fall operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a crane including an embodiment of a braking device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the crane shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of an embodiment of a hoisting winch braking device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the generated brake force and the pedal operation amount of the braking device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship of a pedal operation force with respect to a pedal operation amount of a braking device according to an embodiment of the present invention (when a spring characteristic of pedal return is linear).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship of pedal operation force with respect to a pedal operation amount of a braking device according to an embodiment of the present invention (when a spring characteristic of pedal return is linear).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a front view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a side view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an overview of a rubber damper unit that employs a Nighthardt mechanism.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an overview of constituent parts of a rubber damper unit that employs a Nighthart mechanism.

FIG. 16 is a structural diagram showing an embodiment of an electrically controlled braking device to which the present invention has been applied.

FIG. 17 is a front view showing an embodiment of an electrically controlled braking device to which the present invention has been applied.

FIG. 18 is a side view showing an embodiment of an electrically controlled braking device to which the present invention has been applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Traveling Body 20 Oil Damper 2 Revolving Body 21 Eye Bolt 3 Boom 22 Bracket 4 Winch Drum 23 Bracket 5 Brake Drum 24 Shock Absorber Unit 6 Wire Rope 25 Air or Gas Shock 7 Hook 26 Rubber Damper Unit 8 Suspended Load 27 Bracket 9 Brake Band 28 bolt 10 bolt 29 bolt 11 brake cylinder 30 electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve 12 link 31 sensor 13 link 32 arithmetic unit 14 pressure reducing valve 33 shaft 15 hydraulic pump 34 stopper 16 tank 35 arm 17 brake pedal 36 pedestal 18 link 37 coupling 19 pedal return Spring

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A hoisting winch braking device comprising: an operating device that outputs a braking command according to an operation amount; and braking means that brakes a winch drum in response to a braking command from the operating device. A braking device for a hoisting winch, characterized in that a mechanical element having a damping characteristic is provided in an input device for determining an operation amount of the device. 2. The braking means has a mechanism which uses a hydraulic pressure by a hydraulic pump and indirectly transmits an operation amount of an operating device via a control valve to generate a braking force according to the operation amount.
The hoisting winch braking device according to claim 1, wherein the input device that determines the operation amount of the operating device is provided with an element having a damping characteristic. 3. The operation device has a mechanical pressure control valve, has a mechanism for transmitting the operation amount to the pressure control valve using a mechanical element such as a link, and has an input device having damping characteristics. The hoisting winch braking device according to claim 2, further comprising: 4. The operating device has an electromagnetic proportional pressure control valve, and has a mechanism for converting the manipulated variable into an electric signal using a sensor or the like and inputting it to the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve, wherein the input device has a damping characteristic. The hoisting winch braking device according to claim 2, further comprising an element having: 5. The input device for determining the operation amount of the operating device is constituted by a foot-operated pedal provided with a mechanical element having a damping characteristic, according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Braking device for hoisting winch. 6. A foot-operated pedal that determines an operation amount of the operating device, wherein any one of an oil damper, a gas shock, an air shock, a shock absorber unit, and a rubber damper unit is provided. Through 5
The braking device for the hoisting winch according to any one of 1. 7. An operating device for outputting a braking command according to an operation amount, braking means for braking a winch drum in response to a braking command from the operating device, and an input device for determining an operating amount of the operating device. A crane comprising a hoisting winch braking device having an element having damping characteristics. 8. The braking means uses a dynamic oil pressure by a hydraulic pump, and has a mechanism for indirectly transmitting an operation amount of an operating device via a control valve to generate a braking force according to the operation amount. 8. The crane according to claim 7, further comprising a hoisting winch braking device provided with a mechanical element having a damping characteristic as an input device for determining an operation amount of the device. 9. An operating device has a mechanical pressure control valve, and has a mechanism for transmitting the operation amount to the pressure control valve using a mechanical element such as a link, and the input device is provided with an element having damping characteristics. The crane according to claim 8, further comprising a braking device for the hoisting winch provided. 10. The operating device has an electromagnetic proportional pressure control valve,
It has a mechanism for converting the manipulated variable into an electric signal using a sensor or the like and inputting it to an electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve, and a hoisting winch braking device provided with a mechanical element having damping characteristics in the input device. The crane according to claim 8, characterized in that 11. An input device for determining an operation amount of an operating device comprises a hoisting winch braking device constituted by a foot pedal provided with a mechanical element having a damping characteristic. The crane according to any one of 1 to 10. 12. An oil damper, a gas shock, an air shock, a foot pedal for determining an operation amount of an operation device,
The crane according to any one of claims 7 to 11, further comprising a hoist winch braking device provided with either a shock absorber unit or a rubber damper unit.