JP2002528564A - Improved mixtures of useful substances for plant cultivation in soils infected with nematodes - Google Patents

Abstract

  (57) [Summary] It discloses the use of (a) a phosphorus compound containing at least partially lipophilic organic groups and (b) urea and / or a urea derivative in a selected ratio (a) :( b). . According to the present invention, (c) the oligomer and / or the polymer chitosan can be simultaneously or at different times to enhance the antagonistic potential of the soil, especially in the rhizosphere, which is antagonistic and / or nematicidal. Biological control of phytoparasitic nematodes in this soil by enhancing the growth of bacteria and / or corresponding mycorrhizal strains and at the same time enhancing the growth of endemic cultivation As an additive to the soil, preferably in the form of an aqueous preparation. A mixture of useful substances that enhances bacterial growth is introduced into the root region of the plant before and during cultivation, preferably in the form of an aqueous preparation, using a plant-compatible emulsifier. The subgroup components are used in specific ratios and the C: N weight ratio is 6 or less, preferably 5 or less.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The importance of endemic plant parasitic nematode strains in agricultural cultivation of crops, and the crop failure and growth failure caused by them, has been known to those skilled in the art for decades. Several measures have been implemented and scientifically investigated to combat these undesirable restrictions on agricultural use of land. That is, rotation of a certain cultivation (eg, in a three-year cycle, sugar beet, autumn wheat, and autumn barley)
Can contribute to reducing the above problems. Recently, the use of synthetic nematicides has been at least limited or banned in a wide area of agriculturally used land because of the secondary damage they cause. To improve the soil or control nematodes, introducing selected organic substances,
It has been practiced for decades. The success of such a method has been understood as a complex interaction of all soil organic matter. For example, RC COOKE, 1963, "Successio
n of nematophagous fungi during the decomposition of organic matter in s
oil ", Nature 4863, p. 205, and S. HOFFMANN-HERGARTEN et al., 1993," Un
tersuchungen zur Steigerung der Wirkung nematodenfangender Pilze gegen d
en Heterodera-schachtii Fruehbefall durch organische Duenger "(" Heterod
on the Efficacy of Nematode Predatory Fungi by Organic Fertilizers against Initial Infection of era-schachtii "), Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz
100 (2), pages 170-175.

[0002] Also, the relevant technical literature relates, inter alia, to attempts to stimulate strains that can exhibit antagonistic and / or nematicidal effects on soil microflora, especially phytopathogenic nematodes. Reference may in particular be made to US-PS 5,057,141 and the references cited therein. In particular, R. Rodriguez-Kabana et al., "Plant and Soil", 100, 23rd.
7-247 (1987), in particular chitin-containing substances mixed with other organic nitrogen compounds such as ammonium phosphate and urea.
It has been shown to exert nematostatic and nematicidal activity against phytopathogenic nematode populations in soil, while at the same time helping to cultivate plants rather than being phytotoxic. . The teachings of US-PS 4,536,207 are in line with the same principles, and the patent discloses chitin / degradable water-insoluble chitin material and chitin / water obtained from water-insoluble protein components.
The nematocidal action of the protein complex compounds is described. For implementation, the water-insoluble complex compounds need to be finely ground and mechanically introduced into the soil in a manner known per se.

[0003] The teachings of the present invention described below are described in this last cited prior art (US-PS 4,536,
207). A significant portion of the nutrient mixture used in the U.S. patents, particularly those of these chitins or chitin complexes, are not water-soluble.
Thus, before sowing, the insoluble material can only be reasonably introduced into the surface layer of the soil area. According to the information of US-PS 5,057,14, no significant nematicidal action is particularly observed until the second plant cycle thereafter.

[0004] In contrast, the technical teaching of the unpublished prior patent application DE 198 24 358.8 can be introduced into the soil area in question in a flowable form, in particular as an aqueous formulation, in which the plant It is based on the object of proposing a soil additive that rapidly enhances the antagonistic effect on pathogenic soil nematodes, especially on the microflora active in the soil. This gives the possibility of introducing the nutrient mixture according to the invention both before sowing or planting of the soil area in question, and during these processes and during subsequent plant growth, especially in the root area. Has been mentioned. This allows
The teachings of this prior patent application teach that microbial flora strains (especially bacteria and / or mycorrhizal fungi; especially in the rhizosphere area, and thus in the area just above the roots of the plant; (Differentiated by antagonism and / or nematicidal action against unwanted infection by nematodes).

[0005] In contrast, the technical teachings described below are based on the object of further significantly increasing the effect of using a nutrient mixture of the type previously described in the prior patent application. The technical teaching extended by the present invention is based on the fact that chitosan or chitosan compounds, which are known to be obtained by deacetylation of chitin, also have nematicidal or nematicidal action. For example, US-PS 5,
See 139,949. The primary product obtained by deacetylation of chitin, high molecular weight chitosan (especially chitosan having a molecular weight in the range of 1 million or more) is insoluble or only slightly soluble in water and aqueous alkaline solutions. It is known that the solubility of this chitosan component is greatly increased by a simple method. That is, components based on chitosan dissolve in aqueous solutions of organic and inorganic acids. Chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of 50% is known to be water-soluble. Water solubility can be increased by reducing the molecular weight to the range of chitosan oligomers. Finally, by using simple chemical reactions (especially carboxymethylation to O-CM-chitosan, N-CM-chitosan and / or N / O-CM-chitosan), the solubility in water over a wide pH range Can be adjusted over time. For more information on this basic knowledge about chitosan, see, for example, the publications, titled "Applic
ations of Chitin and Chitosan ", edited by Gossen Mattheus FA (Lancaster: Tech
nomic Publishing Company, 1996) Chapter 1, title "Applications and Properti
es of Chitosan ", Q. Li et al., pages 3-29, especially pages 8-9.

[0006] Against the background of this knowledge relating to the possible flowability and in particular the application of chitosan in aqueous form, further improved technical teachings described below (in the above-cited prior patent application DE 198 24 358.8) Will be clarified. This development according to the invention makes it possible, in addition to the mixture of nutrients or active substances having a nematicidal / nematicidal action described in the prior patent application, to mix components based on chitosan with a corresponding action. Offers the possibility to be introduced in dissolved form in the soil, especially in the root area of the plant. This further greatly increases the utility associated with the object of the present invention, that is, the protection of plants from infection by nematodes.

[0007] In accordance with the subject of the invention , the present invention relates to plants in cultivated lands where plant parasitic nematodes are infested and / or in arable lands where the purpose of optimizing plant cultivation results is endangered by the nematode infestation. Components (a) and (b) defined below as soil additives for cultivation
And use of the nutrient mixture of (c). The nutrients of group (a) defined herein are phosphorus compounds having at least partly lipophilic organic groups, and (b)
) Used with urea and / or urea derivatives. The components of groups (a) and (b) are such that the weight ratio of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) does not exceed a value of about 6 (a).
: Used in the ratio of (b). The upper limit of the numerical value of the C: N weight ratio is preferably about 5. The development according to the invention combines the introduction of components (a) and (b)
Oligomers and / or polymer chitosans (groups in the following description of the invention
c) and / or staggered introduction. The time difference introduction of component (c) can be carried out either before or after the introduction of components (a) and (b).

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for enhancing the antagonistic potential of soils, in particular, for the development of rhizosphere bacteria and / or corresponding mycorrhizal strains that are antagonistic and / or nematicidal. Combined with urea and / or urea derivatives to biologically control plant-parasitic soil nematodes by enhancing growth and at the same time enhancing native cultivation, and It provides the use of a phospholipid of plant origin in combination with an oligomer and / or a polymer chitosan. even here,
A preferred embodiment is to introduce the nutrient mixture according to the invention in the form of an aqueous formulation into the endangered soil area before plant growth and / or especially during plant growth.

Detailed Description of the Teachings of the Invention Biological life processes, and the recognizable effects associated with life processes, are the result of the synthesis of extremely complex microbial interactions, the progress of which is dependent upon many external or life conditions. Is known to be determined by The growth and development of both the microflora and the soil fauna are of critical importance. This applies in particular to the corresponding developmental processes and secondary consequences in the soil, as determined therefrom during the cultivation of the native crop. Despite this general understanding, the potential for permanently affecting these complex and interconnected life processes remains very limited.

[0010] The teaching of DE 44 37 313 A1 teaches a method of improving plant growth in the agricultural, forestry and horticultural sectors by stimulating microorganisms that grow in or on the soil substrate on which the plant is growing. Is described. This document proposes the use of special mixtures based on phospholipids (eg lecithin) and phospholipid derivatives, the use of which has already been mentioned for various purposes in the agricultural sector. That is, European Patent Application EP 95
071 and International Patent Application Publication WO 89/8628 describe the use of phospholipids with macronutrients as fertilizers for leaves. International Patent Application Publication WO 93/1150 refers to the use of phospholipids as emulsifiers in fertilizer formulations. DE 4
2 18 243 states that a mixture of glycerophospholipids and urea may be suitable for activating certain hydrocarbon-consuming micro-organisms, so as to more rapidly degrade petroleum pollutants in soil. . Based on this knowledge, the first quoted DE 44
The teaching of 37 313 stimulates microorganisms that naturally grow in uncontaminated soil, and thereby promotes the growth of plants growing on soil treated in the sense of normal fertilization. To this end, it is proposed to use phospholipids and phospholipid derivatives, especially mixed with urea.

The invention is now based on further knowledge. That is, the use of the above-mentioned nutrient mixture (described in detail below) makes it possible to intervene, ie to control biologically, very complex biological systems of the soil. The purpose here is
By stimulating and thereby promoting the growth of selected strains of soil microflora of bacterial and / or fungal types, the growth of plant parasitic nematodes and, therefore, of selected strains of soil fauna To prevent and / or reduce proliferation.

In the so-called rhizosphere, ie in the plant's roots, in particular in the boundary layer of the soil a few millimeters around the root hair, promote, on the one hand, the mass exchange between the plant's roots and the soil, on the other hand, the plant's life support It is basically known that there is a highly established population (microbiota) of bacterial strains, which can also serve as a protective function for a unique part of E. coli. The same applies to the area of interaction between the plant roots and the fungal population of endemic mycorrhiza. The teachings of the present invention are particularly useful when introducing the soil additives described according to the invention.
In the soil, the microbial population just mentioned (ie the bacterial and / or fungal strains mentioned above; they exhibit nematicidal and / or nematicidal activity against plant parasitic nematodes) are clearly increased. Based on the knowledge that this not only prevents or at least limits the further growth of the nematode population in the soil, but also, among other things, restricts already existing nematodes from invading plant roots. is there. Apart from this previously unknown action and in addition to this action, the described nutrient mixture has a known normal fertilizing action to promote plant growth independently of nematodes. It is held.

This opens up significant advantages over the teachings of US 5,057,141 and US 4,536,207 cited above. That is, components (a), (b) and (c) are introduced into the endangered soil area, preferably in the form of an aqueous flowable formulation.
) The nutrient mixture before the germination and / or development stage of the plant to be protected,
Or, at least in part, somewhere in between, can be added to the soil. Depending on the individual requirements, the appropriate action can be repeated only once and / or as many times as desired. In another preferred embodiment of the teaching according to the invention, a phytophysiologically compatible wetting agent, in particular of the O / W type, is added to the aqueous formulation of the soil additive. These humectants aid in the diffusion of the introduced aqueous nutrient phase into the superficial parts of the soil area, ie, in particular the plant root growth areas. This makes it possible to directly stimulate the growth of microbial flora strains and / or corresponding mycorrhizal strains in the rhizosphere, so that nematostatic and / or nematicidal action is achieved. Be strengthened. That is, it is clear that the use of the teachings of the present invention can also achieve significantly improved results, especially when growing crops that are threatened by nematodes (eg, sugar beet).

The nutrient substance mixture used according to the invention comprises a subgroup (a) of a phosphorus compound having an organic group at least partly defined as defined above and (b) urea and / or a urea derivative; ) Chitosan (used simultaneously and / or staggered) is characterized by a combination of selected representatives.

Preferred components of the nutritional substance group (a) are esters of phosphoric acid with monohydric and / or polyhydric alcohols having a lipophilic group in the molecular structure. Here, the corresponding phosphoric acid partial esters are also particularly suitable, in which case they are usually used in the form of (partial) salts.

Thus, preferred phosphate esters in this sense are partial esters of fatty alcohols that introduce the necessary lipophilic moiety into the phosphate ester molecule through the hydrocarbon groups of the fatty alcohol. Preferably, partial esters of phosphoric acid and linear fatty alcohols, produced at least substantially with C _6-10 fatty alcohols and / or their lower ethoxylates, are particularly suitable for this purpose. Can be However, in principle, phosphoric acid esters of higher fatty alcohols having, for example, 12 to 24 C atoms are also suitable, and the corresponding olefinically unsaturated fatty alcohol groups can also be of particular importance here.

However, phosphate esters of the subgroup (a) of the particularly preferred nutritional substances are:
Phospholipids and phospholipid derivatives. As is known, these are amphiphiles obtained from plant or animal cells. Preferred phospholipids in connection with the teachings of the present invention are the corresponding compounds of plant origin or phospholipid derivatives obtained therefrom. A representative example of this particularly preferred group of substances (a) is glycerophospholipid, which is also commonly called lecithin. Sphingolipids are less preferred. Known substances that can be used here are diacyl phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, diphosphatidylglycerol, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid. Monoacyl phospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylglycerophosphate, lysodiphosphatidylglycerol, lyso-n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidic acid are preferred. Phosphatidyl glycerides are commercially available in large quantities and are commercially available as plant or animal lecithin and cephalin. These formulations are obtained, for example, from oils such as corn oil, cottonseed oil or soybean oil. A preferred subgroup (a) component for the present invention is an enzymatically hydrolyzed glycerophospholipid (enzymatically hydrolysed lecithin), which has more hydrophilic character due to the cleavage of fatty acid esters. The only exception is products that have lost phosphate residues as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis.

According to the invention, urea and / or urea derivatives (nutritional substances of the subgroup (b))
As an essential N source together with these phospholipids is introduced into the protected soil area. In important aspects, the teachings of the present invention are further characterized by additional parameters that govern the ratio of the mixture of components (a) and (b) used. Here, a mixture of components selected from these two subgroups comprises components (a) and (b)
)), The individual component ratios are such that the calculated weight ratio of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) does not exceed a value of about 6. A preferred mixture of components (a) and (b) is a mixture having a calculated C: N weight ratio of 5 or less, especially 3-4 or less. A preferred lower limit for the numerical value of the weight ratio of C: N is 1 to 1.2, and a maximum value thereof is about 2.5, and particularly a range of about 1.5 to 2 is particularly preferred. .
Nitrogen atoms that may be present in the mixed component (a) are also included in the calculation of these values for C and N.

When phospholipids are used as representatives of component (a) with urea or urea derivatives as the essential N source in the nutrient mixture according to the invention, a range of from 3: 1 to 1: 3 ( Mixing ratios (phospholipids) to (urea or urea derivatives) (parts by weight based on anhydrous starting material) are here usually preferred. It is also preferable to use these basic components in approximately equal amounts in a mixture with one another.

[0020] Suitable urea derivatives for the present invention are, in particular, oligoureas or polyureas formed by the condensation of primary urea molecules. As is known, urea derivatives are
In practice, it is characterized by delayed degradation, ie by prolonged fertilization. Biological control of nematodes for the purposes of the present invention, ie by increasing the antagonistic and / or nematicidal potential of bacterial and / or fungal populations present in the soil Thus, this long-term effect can clearly be desirable. However, in general, urea is at least partially co-used as a N source. In this context, other possible variants can be referenced. Other known N sources from fertilizer technology are also suitable as components of the multi-component mixtures used according to the invention. A possible example here is a suitable ammonium salt, in particular the combination of ammonium salt and urea may be an important N source in connection with the teachings of the present invention. Further suggestions for suitable urea derivatives include, for example,
It can be found in column 9, lines 40-50 of US-PS 5,057,14, cited earlier.

The chitosan or chitosan compound (c) used in connection with the present invention comprises many components of the group of substances known from the relevant published prior art, as well as mixtures thereof. In addition to the previously mentioned published prior art, the following documents can be referred to:
"Applications of Chitin and Chitosan", edited by Mattheus FA Gossen (Lancaste
r: Technomic Publishing Company, 1996), Chapter 2, entitled "Applications of
Chitin and Chitosan in the Ecological and Environmental Fields ", SHIGEHI
RO HIRANO, eds., Pp. 31-54, and Chapter 11, entitled "New Applications
of Chitin and Its Derivatives in Plant Protection ", HENRYK STRUSZCZYK
Eds., Pages 171 to 184 in the above literature, and the publication "Biotechnology Annual Review
Title "Chitin biotechnology" in Volume 2 (Elsevier Science BV, 1996)
applicaitions ", edited by SHIGEHIRO HIRANO, pp. 237-258 in the above literature.

As has already been revealed several times, the chitosan (c) used according to the invention can in fact be oligomers and / or polymers of any desired molecular weight. The method described previously converts both low molecular weight oligomers and high molecular weight polymers into a water-soluble form, which allows application to soil and diffusion of chitosan into the soil, especially in the root area of plants. can do. Particularly suitable chitosan compounds in this connection are those which have a sufficient water solubility, in particular in the neutral to weakly basic pH range, and which are known per se (for example, chlorides with inorganic and / or organic acids, polymer Chitosan compounds modified by lowering and adjusting the degree of polymerization or oligomerization, and / or derivatizing chitosan with solubilizing groups at the O- and / or N-positions, such as carboxymethyl groups).

The cited published prior art explicitly describes the use of such chitosan or chitosan compounds in the agricultural sector, including the use of the corresponding aqueous chitosan formulations. However, components (a) as defined according to the present invention, in combination with the object of the present invention, namely the purpose of effectively biologically controlling and limiting the growth of parasitic soil nematodes in plant cultivation, ( The essential combination for the present invention of a multi-component mixture of b) and (c) is disclosed in the above-mentioned published prior art relating to chitosan or chitosan compounds (compounds which are also suitable for the present invention). Absent.

The introduction of the chitosan component (c) into the treated soil area comprises the components (a) and (b)
)) And / or at different times. However, in one important embodiment, the supply of the water-soluble chitosan or chitosan compound to be introduced into the soil structure is effected, at least in part, with components (a) and (b). Here, another important feature, just related to the component (c) used simultaneously according to the invention, is to optimize the diffusion in the surface part of the soil area, in particular in the area of the plant roots. This usually indicates the simultaneous use of a surfactant component (its preferred properties are discussed below).

If chitosan is used simultaneously in the mixture of components (a) and (b), the amount of chitosan used here is at least 0.01% by weight, based on the anhydrous nutrient mixture in each case %, Preferably at least 0.05% by weight, especially at least 0.1 to 1% by weight. The important point is that even such small amounts of chitosan can greatly affect the progress of life processes in soil. In particular, the growth of a healthy microflora is promoted, and the growth of pests is suppressed. At the same time, the growth of the plant is promoted by stimulating / enhancing the resistance of the plant itself.

The amount of the soil additive (amount applied in each individual case), which is defined according to the invention and consists of components (a), (b) and (c), depends on several factors. Determined or determined simultaneously. In particular, the following factors should be considered: That is,
Timing of application of the multi-component mixture as a function of plant cultivation at the planning stage or of plant cultivation already underway, soil conditions, especially soil fauna already present, especially observable nematode infestations, plant parasitic nematodes Such as the sensitivity of cultivated plants to action. Suitable ranges for the application or introduction of soil additives as defined according to the invention for protecting plants from the spread of nematodes are usually based on an anhydrous nutrient mixture of phospholipids and urea or urea derivatives. , At least 0.2-0.5 g / m ² soil surface. Particularly preferred ranges for suitable amounts of the soil additives according to the invention are, again, based on the abovementioned anhydrous mixtures, from more than 1 g / m ² to about 50 to 60 g / m ² , preferably 10
４０40 g / m ² soil surface.

The aqueous formulations of the soil additives preferably used according to the invention usually take the form of the corresponding aqueous emulsions and / or dispersions. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous formulation is formulated to take its form, to promote the penetration of these aqueous formulations into the soil, and especially to diffuse the aqueous nutrient formulation into the soil. , A surfactant aid is used simultaneously. In particular, biocompatible O / W emulsifiers which are susceptible to degradation by the usual metabolic processes of soil microorganisms are particularly suitable here. Possible emulsifiers are both suitable anionic surfactant compounds, which are rapid and completely biodegradable, and in particular surfactant compounds from the group of nonionic surfactants, and this nonionic surfactant Agents are preferred for the present invention.

Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are soaps and also biodegradable alkyl sulfates, especially fatty alcohol sulfates. Suitable representatives are partial esters of phosphoric acid and fatty alcohols, in particular suitable partial esters using straight-chain fatty alcohols, preferably those of natural origin, ie using fatty alcohols having an even number of carbon atoms. Suitable examples are short chain fatty alcohols (eg, 6-10
Alkyl phosphates having a long chain fatty alcohol group (e.g., a group having 12 to 24 C atoms) are suitable esters, although suitable esters of alcohols having two C atoms in the fatty alcohol molecule. That is, in the case referred to herein, the selected representative of the group of nutritional substances (a) defined according to the invention has a plurality of functions. In addition to the subgroup (b) interactions with nutrients discussed above,
Here, the surface activity function of the phosphoric acid partial ester can be used.

Particularly preferred biodegradable surfactants for the present invention are at least mostly nonionic, and preferably at least mostly based on natural substances, from 10 to 18
Suitable compounds having a preferred HLB value in the range of A particularly preferred group of surfactants for the present invention comprises alkyl (oligo) glycoside compounds in which at least many of the alkyl groups are derived from linear fatty alcohols. Compounds of this kind (today also referred to as APG components) are widely applied surfactant additives. A
It is known that PG-based wetting agents can be based entirely on natural substances. Extensive expertise and literature is available in regard to the preparation and properties of such APG compounds. For example, a book by Hill et al., Titled "Alkylpolygl
ykoside "(" alkyl polyglycosides "), VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Wei
See nheim, 1997.

However, other biodegradable and biocompatible surfactant components with equivalent properties are also suitable. Suitable glucamine, glucamide, or especially 8 to 24 C
Sugar partial ester of monocarboxylic acid having an atom, sorbitan ester (for example,
Sorbitan monostearate or sorbitan monooleate, or a surfactant of biological origin can be mentioned in particular. Examples of the latter that may be mentioned here are sophorose lipids, trehalose lipids or lipopeptides, for example those known as metabolites or membrane components of some microbial strains. Other information on biologically available surfactant components can be found in D, which has already been cited several times.
E 44 37 313.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the C source for the growth of the microflora is added to the above-defined additives based on phospholipids / urea or urea derivatives / chitosan, and advantageously It provides for introducing a C source into the soil area together with the essential nutrient components mentioned above. Additional C selected for microbial growth
The use of P- and / or N-containing carriers in combination with a source is, inter alia, the subject of the unpublished German patent application DE 197 48 884.6 (H3143), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference into the teachings of the present invention. Be included in the subject. The essential references relating to the C source of this additional group of nutrients are summarized below within the scope of the nutrient mixtures or soil additives described according to the invention. However, first, important and preferred additional parameters are mentioned for nutrient mixtures of the type discussed here.

Within the scope of the technical teachings described herein, preferred nutrient mixtures for introduction into the soil area are those in which the proportion of the total C- and / or N-containing components used is about 6, preferably about 6 A mutually harmonized mixture such that the C / N weight ratio of 3-4 is not exceeded. In particular, it may be preferable to limit the C / N ratio present in the particular nutrient mixture used to a maximum of about 2-2.5.

When such an additional C source is introduced into the soil additive used according to the invention, at least in part 25 to 3 due to the selection of components which are insoluble in the aqueous phase.
It may be important to choose a compound having a curing point of 0 ° C. or less, especially 10 to 15 ° C. or less, examples of suitable components are especially olefinically unsaturated C _{12- 24} fatty alcohols. At least mostly _{C16 / 18} fatty alcohols having a high proportion of olefinic double bonds and a solidification range of 20 ° C. or less, preferably 10-15 ° C. or less, may be of particular importance here.

Preferred representatives of such additional C sources are aliphatic and / or olefinically unsaturated, in particular at least many, especially at least 6 C atoms, especially at least 8 C atoms. Oil-soluble but biocompatible organic compounds having a chain hydrocarbon group. Suitable compounds which are functionalized by oxygen as a heteroatom are particularly preferred, customary examples include fatty alcohols and / or fatty acids or derivatives thereof (eg esters, especially partial esters, ethers and / or amides). . In the context of the variants described here (ie the simultaneous use of an additional C source), additives containing N in addition to C in the molecular structure may also be particularly suitable, typical Examples are betaines, proteins and aminocarboxylic acids and their derivatives and salts.

As mentioned above, the simultaneous use of an additional C source is possible but not a necessary measure in relation to the operation according to the invention. At the heart of the teachings of the present invention is a component (a), (b) and (c), namely a phospholipid and a urea or urea derivative, and a nutrient mixture of chitosan, preferably introduced into the rhizosphere by a liquid formulation ) To enhance nematostatic / nematocidal action. This required effect is due to the additional C
This is achieved without the simultaneous use of sources.

The principle of the invention for enhancing the growth of antagonistic and / or nematicidal microorganisms from a group comprising soil bacteria and / or soil fungi is that, in particular, a suitable microbial population in the sense of a starting culture is: If already present in the soil area to be treated, it quickly leads to a noticeable effect. In view of the wide distribution of plant parasitic nematode strains found in recent implementations, it can be assumed that suitable microbial populations in cultivated lands related to the present invention will correspondingly and widely exist. However, in a manner known per se, taking advantage of recent expertise, a culture of a suitable bacterial and / or fungal strain having the desired antagonistic or nematicidal action can be used as a starting culture for the soil to be treated. It becomes even possible to introduce it into the area. In this context, general expertise can be referenced. Next publication (KERRY, BR & CRUMP, DH: Methods for studying nematop
hagous fungi. J. Coosemans (199, pp. 39-45, IOBC / WPRS Bulltein XIV / 2)
1 year), "Methods for introducing Verticillium chlamydosporium into soil"
And A. Ciancio (1995), "Observations on the nematicidal properties
Nematol. 18 (5), pages 451-454), merely for illustration.

Other possible variations within the teachings of the present invention include combining the nematode control methods known from the prior art with the methods proposed by the present invention. Thus, in particular in connection with the initially cited US-PS 5,057,141 and US-PS 4,536,207 and the references cited therein, water-insoluble active substances or mixtures of active substances, in particular based on chitin or chitin / protein complexes. Is first introduced into the soil area to be treated, and then to further exploit the advantages of the nutrient mixture introduced according to the invention as an aqueous formulation, especially during plant growth. It is clear that by combining such operations, the bioenhancing and protecting function of the microbial strain enhanced in connection with the present invention may be particularly pronounced.

However, it is also possible to use the nutritional substances or nutritional substance mixtures described according to the invention, in particular with the addition of nematode control chemicals commonly used in recent practice. These chemical nematicides, which are widely used today, have been the subject of many publications. By way of example only, publications and titles by H. Boerner
"Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz"("Plant diseases and plant protection"), Chapter
5th edition, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1983, pages 128-132.

When using a combination of the teachings of the present invention and customary nematicides, the amount of these customary auxiliary substances can be significantly reduced without the risk of significantly impairing the activity. By this procedure, at least 30%, preferably at least 5%, of prior art nematicides, usually derived from synthetic chemistry, without fear of compromising growth and / or yield.
0% to 75% can be saved.

The nutrient mixture used according to the invention can be prepared and stored in the form of an aqueous concentrate, which is further diluted with water before being applied to the soil. Suitable concentrates of components (a) and (b) relating to the invention have, for example, the following composition: 10-30% by weight of lecithin and / or lecithin hydrolyzate, 10-30
% By weight urea or urea derivative, 1 to 10% by weight surfactant, optionally other auxiliary substances, and water adjusted to 100% by weight. Before being applied to the soil to be protected, such a concentrate is preferably diluted with water in a ratio of 1:20 to 1: 100. The aqueous formulation can be applied by any method known per se,
Suitable possible means are either a uniform distribution of the liquid phase on the substrate surface, or introduction at a specific point (for example by the so-called Hydro-Ject method). Even when introduced at a particular point in the soil, the surfactant components used simultaneously in connection with the present invention result in lateral diffusion of the aqueous nutrient mixture. The same is true when the chitosan component (c) is introduced in a mixture with components (a) and (b), and when the aqueous surfactant formulation containing only chitosan (c) is introduced. This applies to the application of (c).

When applying or introducing the multi-component mixture according to the invention, with the simultaneous use and / or staggered use of chitosan, other indirectly affecting the amount of the multi-component mixture used during the relevant operation The principle may work. That is, in the first embodiment,
The simultaneous and / or staggered introduction of the components or component mixtures defined according to the invention can take place only once during a particular plant growth phase. However, the possibility of working with the water-soluble and / or water-emulsifiable nutrient mixture provided according to the invention is that the nutrient or the nutrient mixture is placed on or in the soil at shorter or longer intervals. Open the method to apply or introduce several times. That is, it may be advantageous to apply relatively small amounts of the nutrient substance of the invention repeatedly at intervals of at least 2-3 weeks, for example at intervals of 1-2 months. This procedure, even when introducing very low concentrations of nutrients or nutrient mixtures into the soil,
Its effectiveness can be maximized. Therefore, the preferred lower limit of the amount of the nutritional substance mixture of the invention to be applied or introduced is at least 0.1 to 0.2 g / m ² . The preceding statements relating to quantities preferably applied according to the invention are otherwise valid.

EXAMPLES The following Formulation I describes an aqueous, flowable and water-dilutable concentrate of a nutrient component containing chitosan in accordance with the present invention. For plant protection in connection with the teachings of the present invention, the concentrate can be diluted with a large amount of water and can be easily introduced into soil in this form.

The components indicated by the trade names in the table of I are as follows. Glucopon 600 UP: O / W type wetting agent based on APG. Lipotin NE: Enzymatically hydrolyzed soy lecithin.

The aqueous chitosan solution used was 1 g of chitosan polymer, 1 M HCl (5
water) (100 ml) and water (100 ml) and stirred at room temperature until the chitosan was dissolved.

[0045]

[Table 1] Formulation I

The aqueous active substance mixtures indicated here contain 5.8 g of chitosan (solid) per kg of product. Per single application, preferably the amount of the product is in the range of e.g. ^{2g / m 2 ~40g / m 2} , preferably in an amount of 20 g / m ² is selected. This corresponds to an amount of 0.116 g chitosan / m ² , based on the chitosan added.

The product mixture can be diluted, for example, with 6 to 50 volumes of water and can be easily introduced in this form on or into the soil. The numerical value of the C: N: P ratio in this case is 17: 10: 0.4.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification FI FI Theme Court ゛ (Reference) // C09K 101: 00 C09K 101: 00 (72) Inventor Doris Belle Germany Day-40215 Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstraße 104 (72) Inventor Johann-Friedrich Fuse Germany Day 41516 Grevenbroich, Herzogstrasse 15 (72) Inventor Stephane von Tapavizza Germany Day 40406 Erkert, Thomas-Man -Strasse 12 (72) Inventor Richard A. Gicola Germany Day-53127 Bonn, Ippendorfer Alley 4th (72) Inventor Ralph-Peter Sch Ter Germany Day-53332 Bornheim-Merten, Rheinstraße 191 (72) Inventor Johannes Harman Germany Day-50321 Bruhl, Mertenor Strasse No. 14 F-term (reference) 4H011 AC01 BA01 BB21 BC06 BC08 BC14 BC17 BC18 BC19 BC22 DA14 DD04 DH10 4H026 AA07 AA10 AB04

Claims (24)

[Claims] 1. A soil additive for plant cultivation in cultivated lands where plant parasitic nematodes are infested and / or cultivated lands where the purpose of optimizing plant cultivation results is endangered by the nematode infestation. (A) a phosphorus compound having at least a part of a lipophilic organic group, and (b) urea and / or a urea derivative [where the ratio of (a) :( b) is the weight of C: N The ratio is a number 6, preferably 5
), In combination with (c) simultaneous and / or staggered introduction of oligomer and / or polymer chitosan. 2. The use according to claim 1, wherein chitosan or chitosan compounds which are at least partly water-soluble are used and are introduced into the arable land, preferably in the form of an aqueous formulation. 3. Use of chitosan of oligomer and / or polymer structure obtained by at least sufficient deacetylation of chitin and, if desired, reduction of the average molecular weight by chain scission of amino sugar polymers. Use according to claim 1 or 2. 4. Use of chitosan having an improved water solubility and preferably in the neutral to weakly basic pH range, its water solubility being determined in a manner known per se, for example: inorganic and / or By reducing and adjusting the degree of polymerization or oligomerization, and / or by derivatization of chitosan with solubilizing groups, such as carboxymethyl groups. 4. Use according to any of the preceding claims. 5. A plant physiologically compatible wetting agent, in particular an O / W type wetting agent,
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wetting agent is added to the aqueous formulation of the soil additive, and the wetting agent assists in diffusing the introduced aqueous nutrient substance phase in the root growth area of the plant. Use of. 6. Chitosan and chitosan and nutrient components (a) and (b)
The use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a mixture with the above is used simultaneously with the APG compound as an O / W type wetting agent. 7. The chitosan compound is used, at least in part, in a mixture with a P compound having a lipophilic group and in a mixture with urea and / or a urea derivative, preferably before or during plant cultivation. 7. The use according to claim 1, wherein a corresponding aqueous formulation is introduced into the root area of the plant. 8. The amount of chitosan in the nutrient mixture to be introduced is at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.1 to 1% by weight, based in each case on the anhydrous nutrient mixture. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is used in: 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein a phosphoric acid ester based on monohydric and / or polyhydric alcohols containing the corresponding partial ester and / or a salt thereof is used as component (a). Use as described in any of the above. 10. A process according to claim 1, wherein a partial ester of phosphoric acid and a fatty alcohol, preferably a phospholipid and / or a phospholipid derivative, is used as component (a). use. (A) and (b) wherein the numerical value of the weight ratio of C: N is in the range from 3 to 4 or less, preferably 2.5 or less, in particular 1.5 to 2.
Use according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that mixtures of the above) are used. 12. The phospholipid with urea in a ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 3, preferably about 1: 1.
The use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the mixture is used in a mixing ratio (parts by weight) per 1: 1. 13. At least 0.2 g of the soil additive, based on the anhydrous mixture,
The amount of / m ^2, preferably use according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the spraying in an amount of amount of 1~60g / m ^2, especially 10 to 40 g / m ^2. 14. The phospholipids used are lecithin, lecithin hydrolyzate and / or chemically modified lecithin, in particular of plant origin.
3. Use according to any one of 3. 15. Enhancing the growth potential of soil, particularly by enhancing the growth of rhizosphere bacteria and corresponding mycorrhizal strains that are antagonistic and / or nematicidal, and Combined with urea and / or urea derivatives and with oligomers and / or polymer chitosan for biological control of plant parasitic soil nematodes by simultaneously enhancing the growth of native cultivation Use of phospholipids of plant origin. 16. Mixing of a nutrient mixture which promotes the growth of bacteria and / or fungi before and / or during plant cultivation, preferably with the simultaneous use of a plant-compatible emulsifier of the O / W type. 16. Use according to claim 15, characterized in that it is introduced into the root area of the plant in a formulation. 17. Simultaneously and / or at a different time with the introduction of the nutrient mixture, an additional C source for the growth of the microflora in the soil is introduced into the area of the roots of the plant to be protected, preferably Introducing, as an additional C source, an organic compound having a lipophilic saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a fatty structure and being both aerobic and anaerobic and decomposable. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein: 18. Oil-soluble, aliphatic and / or olefinically unsaturated, preferably at least predominantly at least largely straight-chain hydrocarbon radicals having at least 6 C atoms, in particular at least 8 C atoms. 18. Use according to any of claims 15 to 17, wherein an organic compound which is biocompatible is used as an additional C source. 19. The additional C source used is a component at least partially functionalized with oxygen as a heteroatom, preferably a fatty alcohol and / or
Or fatty acids or derivatives thereof, such as esters or partial esters thereof,
Use according to any of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that ethers and / or amides are used. 20. At least some of the compounds used as additional C sources have a curing temperature of 25 to 30 ° C. or less, in particular 10 to 15 ° C. or less, and the corresponding components based on natural substances Particularly preferred are claims 15 to
20. Use according to any of 19. 21. A high proportion of olefinic double bonds, preferably mixed with a fatty acid partial ester such as glycerol monooleate, and a solidification range of 20 ° C. or less, preferably 10 to 15 ° C. or less. _{21. The} olefinically unsaturated _C12-24 fatty alcohol of natural origin having a _{C16 / 18} fatty alcohol, in particular at least _{predominantly C16 / 18} , is used as an additional C source. Use as described in Crab. 22. The ratio of the C-containing and / or N-containing components in the nutrient substance mixture is matched to one another such that the C / N weight ratio does not exceed about 6, preferably 3-4. Use according to any of claims 15 to 21. 23. An aqueous formulation, preferably at least predominantly based on natural substances and having a preferred HLB value in the range of 10 to 18, at least predominantly nonionic biodegradable surfactants Use according to any of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that the agents are used simultaneously. 24. The use according to claim 15, wherein the nutrient substance mixture is used together with a starting culture having an antagonistic and / or nematicidal action.