JP2002330545A - Power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a power supply device capable of efficiently recovering energy at the time of motor regeneration and leveling the load of a battery. A power converter circuit supplies power charged to a battery Eb or a capacitor C1 to a motor M1 during power running, and charges power generated by rotation of the motor M1 to a battery Eb or capacitor C1 during regeneration. Having. And at the time of power running, the capacitor C
1 when the charging voltage is smaller than VCmin, and when the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 is larger than VCmax during regeneration, only the battery Eb is connected to the power converter 2 and the condition other than the above conditions is satisfied. In this case, it is assumed that battery Eb and capacitor C1 are connected to power converter 2. As a result, the battery load can be leveled, and the power during regeneration can be effectively recovered.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power supply used for an electric vehicle, for example, and more particularly to a power supply using a large-capacity capacitor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional power supply device, for example,
JP-A-10-84628 (hereinafter referred to as a conventional example)
Are known. FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device described in the conventional example. As shown in the figure, the power supply device 101 includes a battery 102,
A capacitor 103 and a switch 104 connected in series with the battery 102; a first power converter 105;
, And a control circuit 107.

In this prior art, the first power converter 10
During power running operation of the motor 108 connected to the switch 5, the switch 104 is turned on, and the battery 102 and the capacitor 103 are turned on.
Is supplied to the motor 108 via the first power converter 105.

During the regenerative operation of the motor 108, the switch 104 is turned off, and the electric power generated by the motor 108 is supplied to the capacitor 103 via the first power converter 105 and the second power converter 106,
To charge.

Therefore, in this prior art, the power stored in the capacitor 103 is used in addition to the power of the battery 102 during the power running operation of the motor 108, and the power generated by the motor 108 is recovered to the capacitor during the regenerative operation of the motor 108. Therefore, the power stored in the capacitor can be effectively used, and the load on the battery can be reduced.

[0006]

However, in such a conventional power supply device 101, only the capacitor 103 is charged during the regenerative operation of the motor 108, so that the capacitor 103 is charged up to the withstand voltage. In this case, it is necessary to stop the regeneration by the motor 108 or to separately provide a resistor for consuming the regenerative energy in order to prevent the capacitor 103 from being damaged. In this case, there is a disadvantage that energy consumed by the resistor is lost and cannot be recovered effectively.

The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device capable of effectively recovering electric power generated by a motor during regenerative operation.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present application provides a battery capable of charging and discharging power, a capacitor capable of charging and discharging power, and detecting a voltage of the capacitor. Voltage detecting means, power converting means for converting at least the electric power of the battery to a predetermined voltage, and power running operation by the power converted by the power converting means, and converting the power generated by the regenerative operation to the power converting means. A motor supplied to the motor, an operation control means for controlling whether the motor is in a power running operation or a regenerative operation, and by connecting or disconnecting the battery and the capacitor in series, the battery and the capacitor Switch means for connecting or disconnecting each of the power conversion means, and the motor is operated for regenerative operation, and detected by the voltage detection means. When the voltage of the capacitor is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series, and the motor is operated for regenerative operation, and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detection unit is lower than a predetermined value. A switch control unit that controls the switch unit so that only the battery is connected to the power conversion unit when the battery is large.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to the first aspect, the switch means includes a first switch for connecting only the battery to the power conversion means, and the battery and the capacitor. A second switch connected in series to connect the battery and the capacitor to the power conversion means, wherein the switch control means detects that the motor is in regenerative operation and is detected by the voltage detection means. When the voltage of the capacitor is equal to or less than a predetermined value, a second switch is operated to connect the battery and the capacitor in series, and the motor is regenerated,
When the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detecting means is higher than a predetermined value, a first switch is operated, and only the battery is connected to the power converting means.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery capable of charging and discharging power, a capacitor capable of charging and discharging power, voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage of the capacitor, and at least the power of the battery or the capacitor. Power conversion means for converting the power of the power to a predetermined voltage, a motor that is driven by the power converted by the power conversion means, and supplies the power generated by regenerative operation to the power conversion means, Operation control means for controlling whether power running operation or regenerative operation is performed, and by connecting or disconnecting the battery and the capacitor in series, each of the battery and the capacitor is connected to the power conversion means. Or switch means to be disconnected, and the capacitor of the capacitor detected by the voltage detection means when the motor is in a regenerative operation. When the pressure is equal to or higher than a first predetermined value that is a voltage when the capacitor is fully charged, only the battery is connected to the power conversion unit, the motor is regenerated, and the voltage is detected by the voltage detection unit. When the voltage of the capacitor is smaller than the first predetermined value and the voltage of the capacitor is equal to or less than a second predetermined value that is a minimum operating voltage of the power conversion means, the battery and the capacitor are separated. Switch control means for controlling the switch means so as to be connected in series.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to the third aspect, the switch means further includes: a power running operation of the motor; and a capacitor voltage detected by the voltage detection means being a minimum voltage of the capacitor. When the charging voltage is equal to or less than a third predetermined value, only the battery is connected to the power conversion means, the motor is operated in power, and the capacitor voltage is larger than the third predetermined value, And when it is equal to or less than the second predetermined value, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series, connected to the power conversion means, the motor is operated in power mode, and the capacitor voltage is equal to the third voltage. And when it is larger than the second predetermined value, only the capacitor is connected to the power conversion means.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to the third or fourth aspect, the second predetermined value is changed based on an operation state of the motor.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to the fifth aspect, the operating state of the motor is based on the number of revolutions of the motor.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery capable of charging and discharging power, a capacitor capable of charging and discharging power, voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage of the capacitor, and at least the power of the battery or the capacitor. Power conversion means for converting the power of the power to a predetermined voltage, a motor that is driven by the power converted by the power conversion means, and supplies the power generated by regenerative operation to the power conversion means, Operation control means for controlling whether power running operation or regenerative operation is performed, and by connecting or disconnecting the battery and the capacitor in series, each of the battery and the capacitor is connected to the power conversion means. Or switch means to be disconnected, and when the voltage of the capacitor is smaller than the voltage of the battery at the start of the start of the motor, The capacitor is set as an initial setting mode in which the voltage is equal to or higher than the battery voltage.After the initial setting mode has elapsed, the normal setting mode is set. In the case of, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series, connected to the power conversion means, and in the normal setting mode, the motor is regenerated, and the voltage detected by the voltage detection means When the voltage of the capacitor is equal to or greater than a first predetermined value that is a voltage when the capacitor is fully charged, only the battery is connected to the power conversion means, the motor is regenerated, and the voltage is detected by the voltage detection means. The obtained voltage of the capacitor is smaller than the first predetermined value, and the voltage of the capacitor is the minimum operating voltage of the power conversion means. That when the second is less than the predetermined value, characterized by comprising a switch control means for controlling said switching means so as to connect the said battery capacitor in series.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to the seventh aspect, there is provided a battery charging circuit for charging the battery with the electric power of the capacitor, and the switch control means further comprises: , An end mode is set, and in the end mode, the power of the capacitor is charged to the battery by the charging circuit.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to the seventh aspect, there is provided a battery charging circuit for charging the battery with the electric power of the capacitor. The power of the capacitor is charged into the battery.

[0017]

According to the first to third aspects of the present invention,
The motor is regenerated by switch control means,
And, when the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detecting means is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series, the motor is regenerated, and the voltage is detected by the voltage detecting means. When the voltage of the capacitor is higher than a predetermined value, the switch means is controlled so that only the battery is connected to the power conversion means. In the case of, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series and connected to the power conversion means,
The regenerative power generated by the motor can be recovered by both the battery and the capacitor, and the power generated by the motor can be effectively recovered.

Further, in the invention described in claim 4, when the motor is operated in a power mode and the capacitor voltage is higher than the third predetermined value and higher than the second predetermined value, Since only the capacitor is connected to the power conversion means, the motor is powered by only the power of the capacitor, so in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, the power supply to the battery is reduced, The load can be leveled, and the life of the battery can be improved.

In the fifth aspect of the present invention, the second predetermined value is changed based on the operating state of the motor, so that the load level of the battery can be further improved.

In the present invention, the operating state of the motor is changed based on the number of rotations of the motor.
The load leveling of the battery can be further improved.

According to the present invention, an initial setting mode and a normal operation mode are set. In the initial setting mode, the charging voltage of the capacitor is equal to or higher than the output voltage of the battery. Since the control is performed so that the charging voltage of the capacitor does not become lower than the output voltage of the battery, good control can be performed, and the load of the battery can be leveled.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a battery charging circuit for charging the power of the capacitor to the battery, wherein the switch control means further sets an end mode after a normal setting mode, and sets the end mode. When in mode,
Since the power of the capacitor is charged into the battery by the charging circuit, the power of the capacitor can be used effectively.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery charging circuit for charging the power of the capacitor to the battery, and the power of the capacitor is charged to the battery in the initial setting mode. The used power can be used effectively.

[0024]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, a power supply device will be described as a vehicle power supply device that is a power supply device for performing a power running operation and a regenerative operation of a motor that drives a vehicle. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the power supply device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the power supply device 1 has a function of supplying a driving voltage when the motor M1 is in a power running operation, and a function of charging a voltage generated by the motor M1 during a regenerative operation. Battery Eb
A large-capacity capacitor (hereinafter simply referred to as a capacitor) C1 such as an electric double-layer capacitor connected in series with the battery Eb; a power converter (power conversion means) 2;
And two switches SW1 and SW2 (switch means). Further, a voltage sensor (voltage detection means) 3 for detecting a voltage generated at both ends of the capacitor C1 and a control circuit (switch control means) 4 for controlling the on / off state of the two switches SW1 and SW2 are provided. I have.

When the motor M1 is in power running operation, the power converter 2 boosts the voltage output from the battery Eb or the capacitor C1, converts it to AC voltage, and supplies it to the motor M1, while the motor M1 is in regenerative operation. , Converts the AC voltage generated by the motor M1 into a DC voltage, further boosts the voltage to a predetermined voltage, and outputs a charging voltage to the battery Eb or the capacitor C1.

The point P1 on one end of the power converter 2 is
The switch P1 is connected to one end P2 of the capacitor C1 via a switch SW1 (first switch), and the point P1 is connected to the other end P3 of the capacitor C1 via a switch SW2 (second switch). . The point P2 is connected to the plus side of the battery Eb, and the minus side of the battery Eb is connected to a point P4 which is the other end of the power converter 2.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of the power converter 2. As shown in FIG.
Two transistors (or FETs) connected in series
Q1, Q2, a diode D1 connected in parallel to the transistor Q1, a diode D2 connected in parallel to the transistor Q2, and a choke coil L1.
And a capacitor C2 for voltage stabilization connected to points P1 and P4 serving as output terminals.

The motor M1 further includes a rotation sensor 5 for detecting the number of revolutions N of the motor M1, and a current sensor 6 for measuring a current value I flowing through the motor M1. Further, a controller (operation control means) 7 is provided.

The controller 7 receives an accelerator operation amount from an accelerator pedal, a brake operation amount from a brake pedal (not shown), and the like. Based on the operation amount, the controller 7 determines whether to perform power running operation or regenerative operation. Decide,
Calculate the determined torque of the motor in the powering operation or the regenerative operation, and calculate a current command value for obtaining the torque,
The calculation is performed by feeding back the current detection value from the current sensor 6, and the transistors Q1 and Q2 are turned on and off so that the calculated current command value is obtained.

By supplying a pulse signal to the base (or gate) of each of the transistors Q1 and Q2, a DC voltage is converted to an AC voltage to supply a driving voltage to the motor M1 during the power running operation of the motor M1. And also
During the regenerative operation of the motor M1, an AC voltage obtained from the motor M1 is converted into a DC voltage so that a charging voltage can be supplied to the battery Eb or the capacitor C1.

When the motor M1 is in the power running operation, the control circuit 4 outputs information indicating the power running operation from the controller 7 of the power converter 2, and when the motor M1 is in the regenerative operation, the controller 7 of the power converter 2 performs the regenerative operation. And the voltage VC of the capacitor C1 output from the voltage sensor 3 is input, and the switches SW1 and SW2 are switched based on these.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure by the control circuit 4. The operation of this embodiment will be described below with reference to the flowchart. At the start of operation, the switch SW1 is turned on as an initial state,
The switch SW2 is turned off (step ST1).

Next, it is determined whether the motor M1 is in the power running operation or the regenerative operation based on information sent from the controller 7 of the power converter 2 (step ST2).

If it is determined in step ST2 that the motor M1 is in regenerative operation, the voltage VC charged in the capacitor C1 is stored in advance based on the value detected by the voltage sensor 3. It is determined whether or not the voltage VCmax (first predetermined value) when the capacitor C1 is fully charged has been reached (step ST3). By default,
Since the voltage VC has not yet reached VCmax, step ST
Then, in step ST6, a switching operation is performed so that the switch SW1 is turned off and the switch SW2 is turned on.

As a result, the output voltage of the power converter 2 is applied to the capacitor C1 and the battery Eb, and the capacitor C1 and the battery Eb are charged.
When the capacitor C1 starts to be charged, the capacitor C1
The voltage VC generated at both ends of the output voltage rises, so that the output voltage Vo
ut becomes Vout = Eb + VC, and increases by the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1.

At this time, the current flowing through the battery Eb is represented by Ib
If it is set to 1, the current value Ib1 can be expressed by the following equation (1).

Ib1 = Pr / Vout = Pr / (Eb + VC) (1) where Pr is regenerative power at that time.

Now, assuming that the regenerative power Pr is recovered only by the battery Eb, the current Ibb1 flowing through the battery Eb can be expressed by the following equation (2).

Ibb1 = Pr / Eb (2) Here, from the above equations (1) and (2), the current value Ib1 and
When the ratio to the current value Ibb1 is obtained, the following equation (3) can be obtained.

Ib1 / Ibb1 = Eb / (Eb + VC) = 1 / {1+ (VC / Eb)} <1 (where VC> 0) (3) Therefore, the current Ib1 is compared with the current Ibb1. And the load on the battery Eb can be leveled. That is, since the charging voltage is shared by the battery Eb and the capacitor C1, the variation width of the current flowing into the battery Eb can be suppressed, and the load of the battery Eb can be leveled. Thereby, the life of the battery Eb can be extended.

Thereafter, during the regenerative operation, when the charge voltage VC of the capacitor C1 rises and reaches the voltage VCmax at the time of full charge (YES in step ST3), the switch SW1 is turned on, the switch SW2 is turned off, and only the battery Eb is turned off. It is connected to the power converter 2 and continues operation (step ST5).
Thereby, the regenerative electric power can be recovered without waste.

Next, the motor M1 is switched to the power running operation. If it is determined in step ST2 that the motor M1 is in the power running operation, the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 is determined based on the voltage value detected by the voltage sensor 3. It is determined whether or not VC is equal to or lower than the lowest voltage value VCmin (third predetermined value) (step ST4). In this case, since the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is higher than the voltage VCmin (NO in step ST4), the switch SW1 is turned off and S
When W2 is turned on, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are turned on.
Is connected to the power converter 2 (step ST6). Therefore, the voltage output from both the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 is supplied to the power converter 2.

At this time, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1
The output current Ib2 is expressed by the following equation (4): Ib2 = Pm / Vout = Pm / (Eb + VC) (4) where Pm is the powering power at that time. If this power is supplied only by the battery Eb, the current value Ibb2 flowing at this time is expressed by the following equation (5).

Ibb2 = Pm / Eb (5) Here, from the above equations (4) and (5), the current value Ib2 and
When the ratio to the current value Ibb2 is obtained, the following equation (6) can be obtained.

Ib2 / Ibb2 = Eb / (Eb + VC) = 1 / {1+ (VC / Eb)} <1 (where VC> 0) (6) Therefore, the current Ib2 is compared with the current Ibb2. And the load on the battery Eb can be leveled. That is, since the discharge voltage is shared by the battery Eb and the capacitor C1, the variation width of the current output from the battery Eb can be suppressed, and the load of the battery Eb can be leveled. Thereby, the life of the battery Eb can be extended.

Thereafter, when the capacitor C1 is fully discharged during the power running operation, the voltage value VC detected by the voltage sensor 3 becomes equal to or lower than the voltage value VCmin (YES in step ST4), and the switch SW1 is turned on. SW2 is turned off (step ST7). Thereby, only the battery Eb is connected to the power converter 2.

As described above, in the power supply device 1 of the first embodiment, based on the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 and whether the motor M1 is in the regenerative operation or the power running operation,
The two switches SW1 and SW2 are turned on and off, and the connection between the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 and the power converter 2 and the connection between only the battery Eb and the power converter 2 are switched. Therefore, appropriate switching control according to the state of charge of the capacitor C1 can be performed, and loss of regenerative energy can be prevented without installing a special circuit for recovering regenerative energy.

Further, since the capacitor C1 is connected in series with the battery Eb, the voltage supplied to the power converter 2 is lower than the battery Eb in both the power running operation and the regenerative operation. Not power converter 2
Does not work. This eliminates the need for the second power converter 106 in FIG. 22 described in the conventional example.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device 11 according to a modification of the above-described first embodiment. As shown in the drawing, in the modified example, the mounting positions of the switch SW1 and the large-capacity capacitor C1 are opposite to those of the power supply device 1 shown in FIG. And even in such a configuration, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained. Note that the description of the operation is the same as that of the above-described first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.

Next, the characteristics of the current flowing through the battery Eb and the output voltage Vout when the power supply device 1 according to the first embodiment is used will be described.

Now, as a system constant, the battery E
b, Eb = 50 volts, withstand voltage VCmax of capacitor C1, VCmax = 100 volts, VCmin = 0 volts,
It is assumed that VI (minimum operating voltage) = 50 volts and the capacity of the capacitor C1 is 30 F (farad). Then, regeneration of 20 kW (kilowatt) for 10 seconds and 20 kW for 10 seconds
Perform power running of KW. In this case, the power of the power converter 2 changes as shown in FIG. Since the power is 20 KW both during power running and during regeneration, 400 A current flows when operated with only a 50 volt battery. In this pattern, since the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 does not exceed 100 volts, the state does not shift to the state where only the battery is connected to the power converter 2.

In the power supply 1 according to this embodiment, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2
19, the current flowing to the battery Eb changes as shown in FIG. 19A, and the output voltage Vout changes as shown in FIG. Accordingly, it is understood that the load on the battery Eb can be leveled and the regenerative power can be effectively recovered.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device 21 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the power supply device 21 includes a rechargeable battery Eb and a large-capacity capacitor (hereinafter simply referred to as a capacitor) C1 such as an electric double-layer capacitor, as in the first embodiment. , A power converter 2, a voltage sensor 3, and a control circuit 4. In addition, two notch switches SW11 and SW12 are provided.

A point P21 on one end of the power converter 2.
Is connected to the contact c of the switch SW11, and the contact a of the switch SW11 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery Eb and the contact a of the switch SW12. A point P22 on the other end side of the power converter 2 is connected to the switch SW12.
Of the battery Eb.

The contact b of the switch SW11 and the contact c of the switch SW12 are connected via a capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 is connected to the capacitor C1.
A voltage sensor 3 for detecting a voltage generated at both ends of the sensor is provided.

Note that the specific configuration of the power converter 2 is the same as that of FIG. 2 described in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure by the control circuit 4 shown in FIG. 5. Hereinafter, the operation of the second embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart. At the start of operation, switch SW
11 and the switch SW12 are both connected to the contact a (step ST11).

Next, it is determined whether the motor M1 is in the power running operation or the regenerative operation based on information sent from the controller 7 of the power converter 2 (step ST12).

Then, at step ST12, the motor M1
Is determined to be the regenerative operation, the voltage sensor 3
, The voltage VC charged in the capacitor C1 is changed to the voltage VCma when the capacitor C1 is fully charged.
x is determined (step ST1).
3). In the initial state, since the voltage VC has not yet reached VCmax (NO in step ST13), it is determined whether the voltage VC is lower than the minimum operating voltage VImin (second predetermined value) of the power converter 2 ( Step ST14).

When the capacitor C1 is not sufficiently charged, the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 has not reached VImin (YES in step ST14), so that the switch SW11 is connected to the contact b and the switch SW12 is connected to the contact a. (Step ST1).
7). Thereby, the voltage output from the power converter 2 at the time of regeneration is applied to the capacitor C1 and the battery Eb, and the capacitor C1 and the battery Eb can be charged.

When the charging proceeds and the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 becomes higher than the minimum operating voltage VImin (step S
(NO at T14) Both switches SW11 and SW12 are both connected to contact b (step ST18), and only capacitor C1 is connected to power converter 2.

At this time, the terminal voltage Vout of the power converter 2
Becomes the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1, but since the charging voltage VC is equal to or higher than the minimum operating voltage VImin of the power converter 2, the power converter 2 and the motor M1 can continue to operate normally. .

Then, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1
Is connected to the power converter 2, the battery Eb
Battery Eb
, The load on the battery Eb can be leveled. Further, when only the capacitor C1 is connected to the power converter 2, no charging current flows to the battery Eb, so that the load level of the battery Eb can be further leveled. Further, during the regenerative operation, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is changed to the voltage VCmax at the time of full charge.
Is reached (YES in step ST13), the switch SW11 is connected to the contact a in order to avoid further charging of the capacitor C1 (step ST1).
6) The operation can be continued.

On the other hand, when the power converter 2 is in power running operation ("power running" in step ST12), the capacitor C1
Is the lowest charging voltage VCmin near zero volts
Is determined (step ST1).
5). At this time, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1
Is higher than the voltage VCmin (NO in step ST15), it is subsequently determined whether or not the charging voltage VC is lower than the minimum operating voltage VImin of the power converter 2 (step ST14).

Then, the charging voltage VC becomes the minimum operating voltage VIm.
If it is smaller than in (YE in step ST14)
S), the switch SW1 is set to the contact b side, and the switch SW1 is
The battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2 with 2 as the a side (step ST17). That is, a voltage obtained by adding the output voltage of the battery Eb and the output voltage of the capacitor C1 is supplied to the power converter 2.

At this time, similarly to the first embodiment, the discharge current flowing through the battery Eb is reduced as compared with the case where the battery Eb is used alone.
Load can be leveled.

On the other hand, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 becomes
If it is higher than the minimum operating voltage VImin (NO in step ST14), the switches SW11 and S
By setting both W12 to the contact b side (step ST
18) Connect only the capacitor C1 to the power converter 2. That is, only the output voltage of the capacitor C1 is supplied to the power converter 2. Also in this case, similarly to the first embodiment, since no discharge current flows through the battery Eb, the load on the battery Eb can be leveled.

When the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is fully discharged during the power running operation, the charging voltage VC becomes smaller than the voltage VCmin (YES in step ST15), and the switch SW11 is set to the contact a side. Connected (step ST19), only battery Eb is connected to power converter 2, and operation of motor M1 can be continued.

Thus, in the power supply device 21 according to the second embodiment, the load on the battery Eb can be leveled, and the voltage stored in the capacitor C1 can be used effectively.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply device according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG.
1 is a rechargeable battery Eb and a large-capacity capacitor (hereinafter simply referred to as a capacitor) C1 such as an electric double-layer capacitor, as in the first and second embodiments described above.
It has a power converter 2, a voltage sensor 3, and a control circuit 4. Also, three switches SW21, SW22,
SW23 is provided.

A point P 31 on one end of the power converter 2
Is connected to the positive terminal of the battery Eb via the SW21. The point P31 is also connected to one end of the capacitor C1. Point P33 at the other end of the capacitor C1
Is connected to a point P34 via a switch SW22, and the point P33 is connected to a point P32 via a switch SW23. The configuration of the power converter 2 is the same as that shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure by the control circuit 4 shown in FIG. 7. Hereinafter, the operation of the third embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart. At the start of operation, switch SW
The switch 21 is turned on, and the switches SW22 and SW23 are turned off (step ST21).

Next, it is determined whether the motor M1 is in the power running operation or the regenerative operation based on information sent from the controller 7 (see FIG. 2) of the power converter 2 (step ST22).

If it is determined in step ST22 that the motor M1 is in the regenerative operation, the voltage VC charged in the capacitor C1 is changed based on the value detected by the voltage sensor 3 when the capacitor C1 is fully charged. Voltage VCmax
Is determined (step ST2).
3). In the initial state, since the voltage VC has not yet reached VCmax (NO in step ST23), it is determined whether the voltage VC is lower than the minimum operating voltage VImin of the power converter 2 (step ST24).

When the capacitor C1 is not sufficiently charged, the charge voltage of the capacitor C1 has not reached VImin (YES in step ST24), so that the switch SW21 is turned off, the switch SW22 is turned on, and the SW23 is turned off. (Step ST27). Thereby, the voltage output from the power converter 2 during regeneration is applied to the series connection circuit of the capacitor C1 and the battery Eb, and the capacitor C1 and the battery Eb can be charged.

When charging proceeds and the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 becomes higher than the minimum operating voltage VImin (step S
(NO in T24), the switches SW21 and SW22 are both switched off and the switch SW23 is switched on (step ST28), and only the capacitor C1 is connected to the power converter 2. That is, only the capacitor C1 is charged.

At this time, the terminal voltage Vou of the power converter 2
t is the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1, but since the charging voltage VC is equal to or higher than the minimum operating voltage VImin of the power converter 2, the power converter 2 and the motor M1 may continue to operate normally. it can.

When both the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2, the charging current flowing through the battery Eb is reduced as compared with the case where the voltage is output only by the battery Eb. Eb
Load can be leveled. The capacitor C
When only 1 is connected to the power converter 2, the charging current does not flow to the battery Eb, so that the load level of the battery Eb can be further leveled.

If the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 has reached the full-charge voltage VCmax during the regenerative operation (YES in step ST23), it is necessary to avoid charging the capacitor C1 further. By turning on the switch SW21 and turning off both the switches SW22 and SW23 (step ST26), the operation can be continued.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step ST22 that power converter 2 is in power running operation, it is determined whether charging voltage VC of capacitor C1 is higher than minimum charging voltage VCmin near zero volt (step ST25). ).
At this time, since the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is higher than the voltage VCmin (NO in step ST25),
Subsequently, it is determined whether or not charging voltage VC is lower than minimum operating voltage VImin of power converter 2 (step ST24).

If the charging voltage VC is lower than the minimum operating voltage VImin due to the degree of charging of the capacitor C1 (YES in step ST24), the switch SW2
1 is turned off, SW22 is turned on, and SW23 is turned off (step ST27), so that the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2. That is, a voltage obtained by adding the output voltage of the battery Eb and the output voltage of the capacitor C1 is supplied to the power converter 2.

At this time, as in the first and second embodiments, the discharge current flowing through the battery Eb is reduced as compared with the case where the battery Eb is used alone, so that the load on the battery Eb is leveled. be able to.

Further, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 becomes
If it is higher than the minimum operating voltage VImin (NO in step ST24), the switches SW21 and SW22 are turned off and the switch SW23 is turned on (step ST2).
8) Connect only the capacitor C1 to the power converter 2.
That is, only the output voltage of the capacitor C1 is supplied to the power converter 2. Also in this case, similarly to the first embodiment, since no discharge current flows through the battery Eb, the load on the battery Eb can be leveled.

If the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is fully discharged during the power running operation, the charging voltage VC
Becomes smaller than the voltage VCmin (step ST25).
YES), switch SW21 is on, SW22, SW
23 are both turned off (step ST29), and only the battery Eb is switched to be connected to the power converter 2, so that the operation of the motor M1 can be continued.

As described above, also in the power supply device 31 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the load on the battery Eb can be leveled as in the first and second embodiments. In addition, the voltage stored in the capacitor C1 can be effectively used. In the third embodiment,
In any of the case where only the battery Eb is connected to the power converter 2, the case where the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2, and the case where only the capacitor C1 is connected to the power converter 2 Also, only one switch element exists in the loop through which the current flows, and the loss due to the switch element can be reduced.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of a modified example of the power supply device 31 shown in the third embodiment. This power supply device 31 'includes three switches SW21, SW22, and SW2.
3 and the mounting position of the capacitor C1 are different from those shown in FIG. The operation is the same as in the third embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. And even in such a configuration, the same effect as in the third embodiment can be obtained.

FIGS. 20A and 20B are characteristic diagrams showing changes in the current flowing through the battery Eb and the output voltage Vout of the power supply device 31 according to the third embodiment. The regenerative electric power and the power running electric power are the same as those shown in FIG. As can be understood from the figure, in the power supply device 31 according to the third embodiment, the current flowing through the battery Eb is leveled, and no current flows through the battery Eb when the capacitor C1 operates alone. .

Next, a power supply device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply device 41 according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in the figure, the power supply device 41 includes a power converter 2, a voltage sensor 3, a capacitor C1, three switches SW21,
SW22 and SW23 are provided, and have substantially the same configuration as the power supply device 31 shown in FIG. The difference is that the power converter 2 is configured to output the minimum operating voltage VI of the power converter 2 to the control circuit 4. The power converter 2 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG.

The controller 7 shown in FIG. 2 determines the following based on the current value (armature current) I flowing through the motor M1 measured by the current sensor 6 and the rotation speed N of the motor M1 measured by the rotation sensor 5. The minimum operating voltage VI is obtained by the following equation (7).

VI = K · Φ · N + R · I (7) where K is a constant, Φ is a field magnetic flux, and R is an armature resistance.

Then, the minimum operating voltage VI obtained by this calculation is output to the control circuit 4 shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure by the control circuit 4 shown in FIG. 10. Hereinafter, the operation of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart. At the start of the operation, as an initial state, the switch SW21 is turned on, and the switches SW22 and SW23 are turned off (step ST31).

Then, the minimum operating voltage VI provided by the power converter 2 is read (step ST32), and the minimum operating voltage VI is used as the minimum operating voltage VI used in the subsequent processing.
Set as min. Then, step S shown in FIG.
The same processing as the processing of T22 to ST29 is performed, and only the battery Eb is connected to the power converter 2, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2, and only the capacitor C1 is converted to power. A process for switching the state of connection to the device 2 is performed.

Thus, in the power supply device 41 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the armature current I,
And the power converter 2 according to the rotational speed N of the motor M1.
Is determined in accordance with the minimum operating voltage VI. Various operating states (a state in which only the battery is connected to the power converter 2, a state in which the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2) The state and the state in which only the capacitor C1 is connected to the power converter 2) are controlled to be switched, so that it is possible to set many opportunities to connect only the capacitor C1 to the power converter 2. Thus, the load of the battery Eb can be further leveled.

FIGS. 21A and 21B are characteristic diagrams showing changes in the current flowing through the battery Eb and the terminal voltage Vout of the power supply device 41 according to the fourth embodiment. The regenerative electric power and the power running electric power are the same as those shown in FIG. As can be understood from the figure, in the power supply device 41 according to the fourth embodiment, the current flowing through the battery Eb is leveled, and no current flows through the battery Eb when the capacitor C1 operates alone. .

Further, assuming that the minimum operating voltage VI of the power converter 2 changes as shown in FIG.
The charging voltage of the capacitor C1, which shifts from a state in which the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2 to a state in which only the capacitor C1 is connected to the power converter 2, becomes about 40 volts and has a VI fixed value ( 50 volts), the state where only the capacitor C1 is connected to the power converter 2 is increasing.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. Since the circuit configuration of the power supply device according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the circuit shown in FIG. 7, the description of the configuration will be omitted using the circuit diagram shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the control circuit 4 according to the fifth embodiment, and FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a voltage Vout between two terminals of the power converter 2 and a capacitor C1.
5 is a timing chart showing how the charging voltage VC changes. The operation of the fifth embodiment will be described below with reference to the timing chart.

When the control by the control circuit 4 is started, first, the output voltage of the battery Eb is compared with the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 (step ST41). Then, in the initial state, the motor M1 is stopped, and
Since the relationship of VC <Eb is established between the voltages VC and Eb (NO in step ST41), an initialization flow (initial setting mode) is entered.

At this time, since the motor M1 has stopped and is not in the regenerative operation (NO in step ST42), only the switch SW21 is turned on, and the apparatus stands by in a state where only the battery Eb is connected to the power converter 2 (step ST42). ST4
3). Next, when the rotation of the motor M1 is started and the number of rotations is increased, or at the time of constant speed rotation, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is still zero. Since the operation is in progress (NO in step ST42), only switch SW21 is turned on (step ST43). Thus, only battery Eb is connected to power converter 2 (state “1” in FIG. 13).

Next, when decreasing the rotation speed of the motor M1, VC = 0 (NO in step ST41),
In addition, since it is the regenerative operation (YE in step ST42)
S), only the switch SW22 is turned on (step S)
T44). Thereby, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1
Are connected to the power converter 2 (state “2”). That is, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1
Are charged with the voltage at the time of regeneration.

When the mode is switched from the regenerative operation to the power running operation during charging (state "3"), the state is switched again to a state in which only the battery Eb is connected to the power converter 2.

Thereafter, the charging of the capacitor C1 proceeds (state "4"), and when the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 rises and reaches the voltage Eb (YES in step ST41),
The initialization flow ends, and the flow shifts to the normal operation flow (normal setting mode).

Then, when the rotation speed of the motor M1 is reduced in this state, regenerative operation is performed (Y in step ST45).
ES), it is determined whether the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 has reached the maximum value VCmax of the charging voltage (step ST47). If VC <VCmax (YES in step ST47), only the switch SW23 is turned on (step ST51), and the capacitor C1 is turned on.
Only the power converter 2 is connected to the power converter 2 (state “5” in FIG. 13). As a result, all the voltage generated during regeneration can be charged in the capacitor C1.

Next, when the regenerative operation is continued, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 rises, and when it reaches the maximum value VCmax (NO in step ST47), only the switch SW21 is turned on (step ST50), and only the battery Eb is turned on. The state is switched to a state of being connected to power converter 2.
This can prevent the capacitor C1 from rising to a voltage higher than the withstand voltage.

Thereafter, when the number of revolutions of the motor M1 is increased or the motor M1 is rotated at a constant speed to perform the power running operation (NO in step ST45), the voltage VC and the voltage Eb are compared (step ST46). If the voltage VC is higher (YES in step ST46), the switch SW
Only 22 is turned on (step ST49), and the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2 (state "6").

Further, when the power running operation is continued, the voltage VC decreases, and when the voltage VC becomes lower than the voltage Eb (NO in step ST46), only the switch SW21 is turned on (step ST48). The state is switched to the state where only Eb is connected to the power converter 2 (state “7”). Therefore, at this point, the capacitor C1
, The discharge of the charging voltage VC stops, so that the voltage VC does not become lower than the output voltage of the battery Eb.

When switching between the regenerative operation and the power running operation is performed, the state changes to the state "8", "9", or "10" shown in FIG. Thus, based on the magnitude relationship between the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 and the output voltage of the battery Eb, the capacitor C1
Only the state where only the battery Eb is connected to the power converter 2, the state where only the battery Eb is connected to the power
1 and the battery Eb can be switched between being connected to the power converter 2.

As described above, in the power supply circuit according to the present embodiment, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 during the power running operation is maintained so as to be always equal to or higher than the voltage Eb. Therefore, the next time the operation is switched to the regenerative operation, the charging voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is equal to or higher than the voltage Eb, so that the operation with only the capacitor C1 connected to the power converter 2 becomes possible. Therefore, FIG.
The second second power converter becomes unnecessary.

After the initialization flow is completed, during regeneration, only the capacitor C1 is switched to the state of being connected to the power converter 2, so that no current flows through the battery Eb. Further, during power running, the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 are connected to the power converter 2, so that the power supply voltage of the power converter 2 can be increased,
In addition, since the power consumption of the motor M1 does not change, the current flowing to the battery Eb can be reduced as a result. Thus, the load on the battery Eb can be reduced and the load can be leveled.

Hereinafter, a current value flowing through the battery Eb is compared between a case where power is supplied using a series connection circuit of the battery Eb and the capacitor C1 and a case where power is supplied only by the battery Eb.

In the case of a series connection circuit of the battery Eb and the capacitor C1, the terminal voltage Vout of the power converter 2 is
Vout = VC + Eb, which is increased by the voltage VC as compared with the case of the battery Eb alone. At this time, the battery E
Assuming that the current flowing through b is Ib, the current Ib can be expressed by the following equation (8).

Ib = Pm / Vout = Pm / (Eb + VC) (8) Here, Pm is the required powering power at that time. When this power is supplied only by the battery Eb, the current Ibb flowing through the battery Eb can be expressed by the following equation (9).

Ibb = Pm / Eb (9) Accordingly, the ratio Ib / Ibb between the current Ib and the current Ibb can be obtained by the following equation (10).

Ib / Ibb = Eb / (Eb + VC) = 1 / (1+ (VC / Eb)) <1 (10) Therefore, the current Ib in the series operation is the current Ib in the single operation.
Since it is smaller than b, load leveling of the battery Eb can be achieved.

Also, in the initialization flow, the power at the time of regeneration is used as the power for charging the capacitor C1 to the output voltage of the battery Eb.
The circuit for charging to 1 is not required. In addition, since the power of the battery Eb is not used, there is no portion to be taken out of the battery Eb, and the load on the battery Eb can be reduced.

Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply device according to the sixth embodiment. As shown in the figure, the power supply device 51 has substantially the same configuration as the power supply device 22 shown in FIG. 7 and differs from the power supply device 51 in that a charging circuit (a charging circuit for boosting) 52 is provided. I have.

The charging circuit 52 charges the battery Eb with the electric power stored in the capacitor C1, and boosts the output voltage of the capacitor C1. The other components are the same as those shown in FIG. 7, and thus the same reference numerals are given and the description of the components will be omitted.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power supply device 51 according to the sixth embodiment. Hereinafter, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart. The initialization flow (initial setting mode) and the normal operation flow (normal setting mode) are the same as the procedure shown in FIG. Now, when the normal operation is completed (when the power is turned off or the ignition is turned off, etc.) (step ST6)
1) As a pre-end processing (end mode), a switch SW
The process of turning on only 23 is performed (step ST6).
2, ST63).

Next, by starting the charging circuit 52, the electric power remaining in the capacitor C1 is transferred to the battery Eb.
Is performed (step ST64). And
As the charging proceeds, when the output voltage of the capacitor C1 decreases and becomes lower than the charging voltage of the battery Eb, the charging circuit 52 operates to increase the output voltage of the capacitor C1 to the charging voltage of the battery Eb.

Thereafter, when the voltage of the capacitor C1 approaches zero and reaches the operation lower limit voltage Vlow of the charging circuit 52 (step ST65), the charging operation is stopped and all operations are terminated (step ST66).

Thus, in the power supply device 51 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, after the operation is completed, the capacitor C1
Is charged to the battery Eb,
The electric power remaining in the capacitor C1 is not discharged spontaneously and can be effectively used.

The charging circuit 52 includes a battery Eb
And the same as the ground of the capacitor C1,
There is no need to use an insulated charger, and since the process is performed after the operation is completed, such as when the ignition is turned off, there is no restriction on the motor control in the charging time, and the charging efficiency of the battery Eb can be prioritized. Therefore, a simple booster circuit (chopper type) that outputs a small capacity and low current of about several amperes
Can be used.

Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply device according to the seventh embodiment. As shown in the drawing, the power supply device 61 has substantially the same configuration as the power supply device 31 shown in FIG. 7, and differs from the power supply device 61 in that a charging circuit (a step-down charging circuit) 62 is provided. I have.

The charging circuit 62 charges the stored electric power to the capacitor C1. The other components are the same as those shown in FIG. 7, and thus the same reference numerals are given and the description of the components will be omitted.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power supply device 61 according to the seventh embodiment. Hereinafter, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart. In this embodiment, only the processing procedure of the initialization flow is different from the flowchart shown in FIG. 12, and the normal operation flow is the same.

Now, the initialization flow is started when the power is turned on (step ST71). In the initialization flow, first,
By turning on only the switch SW23, a loop connecting the battery Eb, the charging circuit 62, and the capacitor C1 is formed (step ST72). At this time, the rotation operation of the drive motor M1 is stopped.

Next, by operating the charging circuit 62, the voltage output from the battery Eb is stepped down and supplied to the capacitor C1 to charge the capacitor C1 (step ST73). Thereafter, when the output voltage VC of the capacitor C1 reaches the output voltage of the battery Eb (YES in step ST74), the charging operation by the charging circuit 62 is stopped, and the rotation operation of the motor M1 is permitted (step STST).
75), and enters a normal operation flow (step ST76).
Thus, the motor M1 starts rotating (step ST77).

As described above, in the power supply device 61 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, before the rotation of the motor M1 is permitted,
Since the output voltage VC of the capacitor C1 is charged up to the voltage Eb, only the capacitor C1 can be always connected to the power converter 2 during regeneration during driving of the motor M1, and the regeneration control is disabled. Can be avoided.

As a result, while the motor M1 is being driven,
The power determined by the power receiving performance of the capacitor C1 can be regenerated, and no regenerative power flows to the battery Eb, so that the load of the battery Eb can be leveled.

The charging circuit 62 has the same ground as the battery Eb and the capacitor C1.
It is not necessary to use an insulating battery charger, and a chopper type booster circuit can be used.

In the above-described embodiment, the power supply device has been described as a power supply device for a motor for driving a vehicle. However, the power supply device is not limited to a motor for driving a vehicle or a motor for a vehicle. The present invention is also applicable to a power supply device for driving a motor, and needless to say, has the same effects as described above.

Although the power supply device of the present invention has been described based on the illustrated embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and the configuration of each unit may be any configuration having the same function. Can be replaced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of the power converter shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power supply device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device according to a modification of the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power supply device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power supply device according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply device according to a modification of the third embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power supply device according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power supply device according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing how the voltage generated at both ends of the power converter and how the terminal voltage VC of the capacitor changes.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power supply device according to the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the power supply device according to the seventh embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in power during regeneration for 20 seconds at 20 KW and power running for 20 seconds at 20 KW.

FIG. 19 shows a change in battery current of the power supply device according to the first embodiment, and a voltage Vout generated across the power converter.
6 is a timing chart showing a change in the state.

FIG. 20 illustrates a change in battery current of the power supply device according to the third embodiment, and a voltage Vout generated across the power converter.
6 is a timing chart showing a change in the state.

FIG. 21 shows a change in battery current of the power supply device according to the fourth embodiment, and a voltage Vout generated between both ends of the power converter.
6 is a timing chart showing a change in the state.

FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a conventional power supply device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 Power supply device Eb battery C1 Large-capacity capacitor (capacitor) 2 Power converter 3 Voltage sensor 4 Control device M1 Motor SW1 Switch SW2 Switch Q1, Q2 Transistor D1, D2 Diode C2 Voltage Stabilizing capacitor L1 Choke coil 5 Rotation sensor 6 Current sensor

Continued on front page F term (reference) 5G003 AA08 BA02 CC02 DA07 DA15 FA06 FA08 GB03 GC05 5H007 BB06 CA02 CB17 CC01 DB01 DB12 DC02 5H115 PA00 PC06 PG04 PI16 PO06 PO17 PU01 PV01 QE10 QI04 RE01 SE03 SE06 TO13

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A battery capable of charging / discharging power, a capacitor capable of charging / discharging power, voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage of the capacitor, and power converting means for converting at least the power of the battery to a predetermined voltage. A motor that performs power running operation using the power converted by the power conversion unit and supplies power generated by regenerative operation to the power conversion unit; and an operation that controls whether the motor performs power running operation or regenerative operation. Control means, switch means for connecting or disconnecting the battery and the capacitor, respectively, by connecting or disconnecting the battery and the capacitor in series, and the motor, When the regenerative operation is performed and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detecting means is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the battery and the capacitor are connected. And when the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detecting means is higher than a predetermined value, only the battery is connected to the power converting means. And a switch control means for controlling the switch means as described above. 2. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the switch means includes: a first switch for connecting only the battery to the power conversion means; and a battery for connecting the battery and the capacitor in series. And a second switch for connecting the capacitor to the power conversion means. The switch control means performs a regenerative operation of the motor, and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detection means is a predetermined value. In the following cases, the second switch is operated to connect the battery and the capacitor in series, the motor is operated for regenerative operation, and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detecting means is a predetermined value. If it is larger, the first switch is operated, and only the battery is connected to the power converter. 3. A battery capable of charging / discharging power, a capacitor capable of charging / discharging power, voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage of the capacitor, and converting at least the power of the battery or the power of the capacitor into a predetermined voltage. A power conversion unit that performs power running operation with the power converted by the power conversion unit, and supplies power generated by regenerative operation to the power conversion unit, and performs a power running operation or a regenerative operation of the motor. Operation control means for controlling the operation, and switch means for connecting or disconnecting the battery and the capacitor, respectively, by connecting or disconnecting the battery and the capacitor in series with the power conversion means. The motor is in regenerative operation and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detecting means is full. When the voltage is equal to or higher than the first predetermined value, which is the voltage at the time of powering, only the battery is connected to the power conversion unit, the motor is regenerated, and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detection unit is The battery and the capacitor are connected in series when the voltage of the capacitor is smaller than the first predetermined value and is equal to or lower than a second predetermined value that is a minimum operating voltage of the power conversion means. And a switch control means for controlling the switch means as described above. 4. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the switch means further comprises: a power running operation of the motor, and the capacitor voltage detected by the voltage detection means is a minimum charging voltage of the capacitor. If not more than a predetermined value, only the battery is connected to the power conversion means, the motor is operated in power, the capacitor voltage is larger than the third predetermined value, and the second predetermined value In the following case, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series, connected to the power conversion means, the motor is operated in power, and the capacitor voltage is larger than the third predetermined value, And a power supply unit that connects only the capacitor to the power converter when the value is larger than the second predetermined value. 5. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the second predetermined value is based on an operation state of the motor.
A power supply characterized by being changed. 6. The power supply device according to claim 5, wherein an operation state of the motor is based on a rotation speed of the motor. 7. A battery capable of charging and discharging power, a capacitor capable of charging and discharging power, voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage of the capacitor, and converting at least the power of the battery or the power of the capacitor to a predetermined voltage. A power conversion unit that performs power running operation with the power converted by the power conversion unit and supplies the power generated by regenerative operation to the power conversion unit; and performs a power running operation or a regenerative operation of the motor. Operation control means for controlling whether the battery and the capacitor are connected or disconnected in series to connect or disconnect each of the battery and the capacitor with the power conversion means. At the start of the start of the motor, while the voltage of the capacitor is smaller than the voltage of the battery, the capacitor is Is set as the initial setting mode in which the battery voltage or more,
After the initial setting mode has elapsed, the normal setting mode is set, and during the initial setting mode, when the motor is in regenerative operation, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series, and the power conversion is performed. A first predetermined value when the motor is in a regenerative operation and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detecting means is a voltage when the capacitor is fully charged, in the normal setting mode. In the above case, only the battery is connected to the power conversion means, the motor is operated for regenerative operation, and the voltage of the capacitor detected by the voltage detection means is smaller than the first predetermined value, and When the voltage of the capacitor is equal to or less than a second predetermined value that is a minimum operating voltage of the power conversion means, the battery and the capacitor are connected in series. Power supply, characterized in that it comprises a switch control means for controlling said switching means so as to continue. 8. The power supply device according to claim 7, further comprising a battery charging circuit for charging the battery with the electric power of the capacitor, wherein the switch control means further sets an end mode after a normal setting mode, The power supply device, wherein in the termination mode, the power of the capacitor is charged into the battery by the charging circuit. 9. The power supply device according to claim 7, further comprising: a battery charging circuit for charging the power of the capacitor to the battery, wherein in the initial setting mode, the power of the capacitor is reduced by the battery charging circuit. A power supply device characterized in that the power supply device is charged.