JP2002327363A - Method for mixing and forming different kinds of plastics - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To plan to protect wood resources where cutting are carried out at present, e.g. in tropical rain forests and the likes by bringing waste resources such as waste plastics, waste paper, chips of wood and the like to widely apply to structural engineering materials, packaging materials, cushioning materials, and the likes as effective and active applications. SOLUTION: This method for mixing and forming different kinds of plastics is to melt spin the plastics to form plastic monofilaments, open fibers of waste paper, chips of wood, and the like to form cellulose fibers and constitute a composite fiber body by applying agitation by convectively mixing the plastic monofilaments with the cellulose fibers, subsequently carry out a compression molding in a state in which a certain amount of the composite fiber body is laminated on a palette or a sheet. A melting process for carrying out melting and a cooking and solidifying process for carrying out cooling and solidification are each constituted as a separated process and the composite plastic body constituted with polymer nets in which different species of plastics are intermixed is obtained by instantaneously transferring the composite fiber body laminated on the palette or the sheet between the both processes.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for mixing and molding different kinds of plastics, which makes effective use of plastic wastes and reduces the cost of building civil engineering materials, packing materials, logistics materials, cushioning materials, automobiles and furniture. It is intended to obtain a composite plastic molded article in which a cellulose component is mixed with a plastic, for the purpose of utilization as a material or the like.

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, a housing structure is required to have high heat insulation and high airtightness, and has a closed housing structure in which indoor circulation is generally utilized by an air conditioner or the like. While a comfortable indoor space is produced, the occurrence of atopic mite, mold and the like is on the increase, which leads to an increase in health hazards such as atopic dermatitis, eczema and asthma.

[0003] The main cause is considered to be the generation of harmful substances such as formaldehyde from housing materials. Above all, generation of formaldehyde from structural plywood, especially veneer plywood, which is widely used for walls, floors and bathrooms of dwellings, has been confirmed.

[0004] Therefore, there is no generation of harmful substances,
There is a demand for the development of low-cost architectural and civil engineering materials that suppress the generation of mold and the like. Therefore, the present invention provides a new low-cost structural timber that can be used for building and civil engineering materials by suppressing the generation of organic substances such as formaldehyde and seeking effective use of waste plastic. is there.

[0005]

2. Description of the Related Art There have conventionally been many techniques for providing a recycled product using waste plastic as a raw material. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-123169 discloses a device for obtaining a molded article by using a waste plastic bottle or the like as a raw material and mixing the used paper or the like, and performing mixed molding. JP-A-7-205149 discloses a device for obtaining rod-shaped resin pellets by mixing plant fiber waste with thermoplastic resin waste and extruding the mixture with a kneading extruder.

[0006] Many other methods have already been proposed, but all attempt to simultaneously feed plastic and waste paper or vegetable fiber into an extruder or kneader, and melt, knead, shape, and cool the plastic and waste paper. A series of processing steps were performed at once. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-1513 discloses a device for bonding which is limited to the addition of a polyolefin thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene to waste paper. In any of these methods, it has not been possible to achieve a polymer blend in a state where different kinds of plastics such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) are mixed. If the same method is used to obtain a molded article from plastics of different kinds such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PE (polyethylene), a stable molded article is obtained from the influence of thermal strain such as shrinkage and cracks generated in the cooling step. I couldn't do that.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Waste plastic is P
P (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PVC
Many types such as (polyvinyl chloride) exist in a mixed state. For those plastic components,
It is very difficult to determine the distinction based on appearance. Therefore, temporarily (PE)
And plastic kneading of PVC and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are simultaneously melted and kneaded to obtain a molded product. However, the molded product will be affected by the difference in PE / PVC interfacial tension during the cooling process. A separation phenomenon occurs, and thermal strains such as shrinkage and cracks appear.

Further, even if an attempt is made to mix waste paper or vegetable fiber as disclosed in JP-A-9-123169 or JP-A-7-205149, the melt-kneading method in which the melting and the kneading are simultaneously performed, It has been considered difficult to suppress the occurrence of the phase separation phenomenon of the polymer.

[0009] Suppose that the conventional melt kneading method is PE
When polymer blends are required for different types of plastics such as (polyethylene) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride), by cutting and kneading each plastic simultaneously with the screw shaft incorporated in the melt-kneading device at the same time as melting, A uniform mixing state was required. However, from such a melt kneading method, no matter how finely cutting and kneading are required, the melting region of PE (polyethylene) as a base material is
VC (polyvinyl chloride) particles mixed (Fig. 1
Reference). In the molding process, such a state gradually evolves into a sea-island structure, which leads to a phase separation phenomenon of plastic, and a stable molded body could not be obtained.

[0010] Since all kinds of plastics are compatible with each other, the relation of compatibility between water and oil is established. Therefore, it was not possible to seek suppression of the phase separation phenomenon by a method of simultaneously performing melt-kneading. .

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems Plastics are melt-spun to form plastic single fibers, waste paper and wood chips are defibrated to form cellulose fibers, and the plastic single fibers and cellulose fibers are stirred by convective mixing. After being formed as a composite fibrous body by applying, compression molding is performed in a state where a certain amount is laminated on the upper surface of the pallet or the sheet. At this time, the melting step of melting and the cooling / solidifying step of solidifying are each configured as separate steps, and the composite fiber body is instantaneously stacked in a state where both steps are stacked on the pallet or sheet upper surface. By transferring, a composite plastic molded article having a polymer network in which different types of plastics are mixed is obtained.

As described above, according to the present invention, in order to suppress the phase separation phenomenon of the polymer which occurs when different kinds of plastics are mixed, the present invention is not to be used as a single plastic fiber having an extensibility, and to cause the difference in the interfacial tension. The cellulose component is involved in order to suppress the absorption of cohesive energy of the polymer obtained and to supplement the physical strength, and after intertwining or evenly adhering the mutual fibers of the plastic monofilament and the vegetable fiber, the melting and solidification are performed. By applying the composition, a polymer network of a different kind is constructed, the phase separation phenomenon of the polymer generated upon cooling or the generation of thermal strain such as shrinkage and cracks is suppressed, and it serves to supplement the physical strength.

[0013] The first aspect of the present invention is to melt-spun each plastic once to suppress or control the change in cohesive energy of the polymer caused by melting and kneading of different types of plastics as a polymer blend. To form a plastic monofilament. In order to determine the absorption of the cohesive energy of the polymer, natural plant fibers such as waste paper and wood chips are defibrated into cellulose fibers. The two fibers are agitated and mixed to form a tangled or adhered composite fiber body, and a part or all of the plastic fiber is melted by applying heat, and then cooled quickly to obtain a different kind of plastic. Are mixed with each other to obtain a molded article having a polymer network.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of mixing and molding different types of plastics according to the first aspect of the present invention, in order to suppress or control a change in cohesive energy of a polymer caused by different types of plastics. The process and the cooling process to quickly cool and solidify the softened and molten plastic are provided as separate processes.The cooling plate for performing the cooling and solidifying is to control the cooling time and cooling temperature arbitrarily. And a pallet or sheet for instantly transferring between the melting step and the cooling step.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for forming a mixture of different types of plastics according to the first aspect of the present invention. Diffusion and mixing in the air are required. For this reason, a closed stirring tank that floats each fiber and secures a low-density condition by generating a spiral circulating flow by forcible application by the stirring blades installed on the bottom of the stirring tank To obtain a composite fiber body in which the mutual fibers are uniformly entangled or adhered.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method of the first aspect, the plastic is again softened by applying external heat radiation from a heat medium to the melt-spun plastic fiber, and then the cutting is performed by rotating. A cutting and drawing step for obtaining fine plastic fibers by drawing and cutting the plastic fibers by frictional resistance between the blade and the adjacent hot plate is characterized.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method of the first aspect of the present invention, in a state where different kinds of plastics are mixed, the plastics are obtained by injecting the plastics into the rotating body by radiating heat from a heat medium which is separated from and separated from the rotating body. The present invention is characterized in that it is provided with a rotary melt spinning step capable of being softened and melted and discharged by the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating body and having stretchability and capable of being converted into a plastic single fiber.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

First, the schematic configuration of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 will be described.

After the plastic is finely pulverized, the plastic is fed from the hopper of the fixed quantity supply device 1 to the rotary melter 3 via the preheating drying device 2. The rotary melter 3 is a melt spinning device using centrifugal force, and forms a hollow body having a discharge port provided on the outer periphery and rotates about a vertical rotation axis. A plurality of high-frequency heating coils 4 are installed separately on the outer wall surface of the hollow body. The plastic is converted into a single fiber by the rotating melter 3.

The plastic fibers obtained by the rotary melter 3 are sent to a drawing drum 7 by a supply conveyor 11.
Supply conveyor 11 and pressing roller 6 for stretching drum 7
Hot air is supplied to the portion from the heat blower tube 5.

The plastic fibers having passed through the drawing drum 7 are sent to a measuring device 8 by a recovery conveyor 12. Weighing device 8
The plastic fibers that have exited are sent to the stirring devices 25 and 26 by a screw conveyor.

On the other hand, plant raw materials such as waste paper and wood chips are defibrated by a mechanical defibrating device 9 to be converted into cellulose fibers, and then passed through a dust collecting device 13 to a weighing device 16 by a supply conveyor 15.
Sent to The dust collector 13 includes a bag filter 10 and a hot air generator 14. The cellulose fibers that have exited the measuring device 16 are sent to the stirring devices 25 and 26 by the screw conveyor 17.

FIG. 5 exemplifies a case in which two stirring devices 25 and 26 are used, but the configuration is the same in both cases. Describing the stirrer 25, a substantially cylindrical stirring vessel is formed, and a stirring blade 18 is provided at a lower portion. A plurality of projections are provided on the inner wall surface of the substantially cylindrical stirring vessel so as to project at regular intervals. The airflow wound up from the bottom surface by the rotation of the stirring blade 18 is generated by a plurality of projections as an airflow circulating inside the stirring tank as a spiral turbulent flow. The considerable fibers introduced from the upper supply port are repeatedly dispersed and mixed by a spiral circulating flow to form a composite fiber body in which mutual fibers are entangled or adhered. It is carried out from the outlet.

The conjugate fiber discharged from the outlet of the stirring device 25.26 is loaded on the upper surface of the pallet 24 via the measuring device 19.27. The pallet is configured to move to the next step by a Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 24 or a conveyor.

On the upper surface of the pallet, rotating blades 20, 21 are arranged. A pallet that moves or reciprocates right and left while aligning it in a felt shape by rotating the rotating blades to remove the composite fibrous body loaded on the pallet by the cooperative action of the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet and the rotating blades. After arranging and laminating the composite fibers in a felt shape on the upper surface and stacking them, the pallet is moved to the next step. In the case of the embodiment of FIG.
The amount of fibers supplied by the weighing device 19.27 is adjusted, and the composite fiber layers are laminated into two layers by laminating them on the upper surface of the pallet.

The conjugate fibers laminated on the conveyor 22 are preheated by a preheating compression device 29. The preheat compression device 29 includes a heat medium generation device 23 such as an oil heater, a heat blower tube 28, and a rotary blade or a blower. The hot air is generated by the oil heater and the blower, and the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 22 It is designed to spray on composite fibers.

The preheated conjugate fiber is sent to a hot-press forming apparatus 31 by a pallet 24. The hot-press forming apparatus 31 includes a pair of upper and lower hot plates 32.33, and presses the conjugate fiber between the hot plates 32.33 to perform hot-press forming to obtain a formed body.

The compact is sent to a cooling and solidifying device 34 by a Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 22. Here, the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 22 is a Teflon (registered trademark) sheet traveling between the hot-press forming apparatus 31 and the cooling and solidifying apparatus 34.
Or it is composed of a conveyor. Cooling and solidifying equipment 34
Has a pair of upper and lower cooling plates 35.36, covers the entire molded body between the cooling plates 35.36, and performs cooling under a further pressurized state.

The compact that has been cooled and solidified by the cooling and solidifying device 34 is trimmed by saw teeth 38 and then removed by a material removing device 39.

[0031] Among the steps constituting the heterogeneous plastic mixed molding method, the main steps, specifically, the melt spinning step, the cutting / drawing step, the defibration step, the stirring / mixing step, the fixed supply step, the preheating step, the melting step -The solidification step and the cutting / removing step will be described in order.

Melt Spinning Step First, plastic is once subjected to melt spinning by a rotary melt spinning apparatus or a melt spinning apparatus. By modifying the molecular orientation as a plastic having stretchability by melt spinning, the composition can be changed to a plastic single fiber. However, depending on the nature or type of waste plastic, the plastic fibers discharged from the rotary melt spinning device are discharged in various configurations as a spider web or a thin thread. As a specific rotary melt spinning method, plastic waste is applied to finely ground or cut crushed pieces and then charged into a rotary melt spinning apparatus.

At the center of the rotary type melt spinning apparatus, a rotating body is formed as a hollow body in which a disk-shaped rotating plate is divided into two upper and lower plates and bonded together.

A motor for rotation is provided on the lower surface of the central shaft of the rotary melter 3 to rotate the hollow body, and high-speed rotation is required.

A number of plastic discharge holes are provided on the outer peripheral side wall of the rotary melter 3.

A high-frequency heating coil 4 or a heating medium for separating and melting the plastic from above and below the rotating melter is provided.

The plastic put into the rotary melter receives heat radiation from the heat medium separated from and brought into contact with the rotary melter, so that the plastic is gradually softened and melted.
By performing the melt spinning due to the stretching force of the rotating body that rotates at a high speed, the composition is changed and ejected as a plastic fiber having stretchability and molecular orientation.

The plastic softened into a gel from a state in which plastics having different melting temperatures, softening points, and components are mixed is discharged by the stretching force of a rotating body, and melt spinning is performed to obtain a plastic single fiber. It is a feature of the present invention to change the configuration. However, in the conventional melt-kneading method in which the melting and kneading of plastics are forcibly performed, the extruding spinning method has a drawability from a state where different kinds of plastics having different melting temperatures, softening points, components, etc. are mixed. Plastic fibers that cannot be spun, but for some plastics such as polyolefins of the same type or a single material, plastics that have sufficient stretchability from conventional extruders or melt kneaders Fiber can be melt spun, and in the present invention,
Any of these plastic fibers can be expected to be used as recycled materials.

Cutting / stretching process The plastic fibers discharged from the rotary melter 3 are affected by the situation or state in which different types of plastics are mixed.
Instead of discharging as a single fiber, it is discharged as a spider web-like or mesh-like composite plastic fiber. In this embodiment, it is necessary to determine the structure of the polymer network in the final step of hot pressing. Therefore, it is necessary to temporarily convert the plastic into a stretchable plastic single fiber.

The plastic fibers discharged as a spider web or a mesh are repeatedly cut and drawn or defibrated by requesting to be fed into the rotary cutting and drawing device 7 to obtain stretchable plastic single fibers. Can be changed to In the rotary cutting and stretching device 7, the plastic fibers once discharged from the spinning device are once again softened by preheating by the external heat radiation from a heat blower tube 5 such as a hot plate or a heater, and then the sharp cutting blade Is rotated at a high speed. A plurality of hot plates 42 or plates are provided adjacent to the outer peripheral side wall surface of the high-speed rotating cutting blade, and the plastic fibers put into the gap between the hot plate and the high-speed rotating cutting blade are heated by the hot plate 42. By repeatedly performing stretching and cutting due to frictional resistance with the composite plastic fiber, a fine plastic single fiber to be converted into a single fiber can be obtained from a spider web-like or mesh-like composite plastic fiber.

By directly feeding plastic fibers and nonwoven fabrics, etc., already melt-spun by an extruder or the like into the rotary cutting and stretching apparatus in the same step, the fibers are further stretched and cut or defibrated. Fine plastic fibers can also be obtained in the same manner, so that their use as recycled materials can be widely demanded.

Fibrillation Step Next, a natural fibrous body made of wood chips, waste paper and the like is finely fibrillated or pulverized by a mechanical fibrillator rotating at a high speed.
It comprises a fibrillation step of a natural plant fiber body to be applied to plant fiber hair having a cellulose component.

The fibrillation method is as follows: Refiner, Yamamoto Hyakuma Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Name: Atoms Model: 14-1200 type shredder or other mechanical fibrillation device 9 mechanically and forcibly plant fiber such as waste paper or wood chips. Dry mechanical defibration method to obtain cellulose fiber by defibration by conventional method, or dissolve and separate waste paper fiber by utilizing solvent or moisture used in recycled plant such as waste paper -There is a wet defibration method utilizing a separation pulper device or the like that requires defibration, but there is no particular problem even if plant fibers obtained by any of the defibration methods are fibers containing a cellulose component. . However, since it is desirable to keep the water content in the plant fiber required for the melting and solidification step within 10%, a mechanical defibration method that does not use water is effective for the subsequent processing. it is conceivable that.

As the mechanical defibration method, a needle-shaped defibrating blade for performing a plurality of cutting or defibration is provided on the inner wall surface of a cylindrical container, and the inside thereof is similarly needle-like defibrated. The fine blade rotates at high speed. The natural plant fibrous body put into the cylindrical container is repeatedly subjected to collision or forced cutting resistance between the defibrating blade installed on the inner wall surface and the defibrating blade rotating inside at a high speed so as to oppose. By doing so, it is possible to obtain a plant fiber hair having a cellulose component by being defibrated as fine fiber hair while being finely pulverized.

Stirring / Mixing Step A composite fiber body in which the mutual fibers are integrated by subjecting the mutual fibers of the plastic single fibers and the cellulose fibers obtained by defibrating waste paper or wood chips to convective mixing. Can be obtained. As a specific operation method, the stirring vessel is a closed cylindrical stirring device 25 having a substantially cylindrical shape, and a large rotating blade 18 for generating convection is provided on the bottom surface. Further, a projection for causing turbulence is provided on the inner wall surface of the stirring vessel. By rotating the rotating blades installed on the bottom of the stirring tank, the plastic fibers and cellulose fibers are dispersed by the swirling air flow and circulating flow due to the turbulent flow inside the closed stirring vessel that has established a low density situation. By repeating the mixing and agitation, the fiber hairs of each other can efficiently obtain a structure as a conjugated or attached composite fiber.

In the present invention, since each is constituted as a fiber, the volume is filled in a stirring vessel made of Dalton or Daimori Kogyo used in the conventional powder stirring method such as Japanese Patent Application No. 19907 or the like. With the stirring method in a laminated state, each fiber becomes entangled in a rope shape before each fiber is dispersed and mixed. In this case, 600kg / m ³ ~1300kg
/ M ³ are dispersed and mixed repeatedly under a condition of density, so that they are suitable for mixing and agitation in granular form such as crushed pieces, and as in fluff or fibrous hair required for the present invention. In the case where the shapes are already intertwined, it is necessary to disperse or diffuse each fiber once.
Therefore, by performing dispersion and mixing in a substantially cylindrical closed type stirring vessel constituting a low-density state, stirring by convection mixing and mixing operation are required, and the density in this case is
Mixed with 3kg / m ³ ~70kg / m ³ approximately dispersion is repeatedly applied.

The raw materials put into the stirring vessel fly up to the upper part of the stirring vessel by the swirling turbulence of the rotating blades installed on the bottom of the stirring vessel, and are dispersed in a low-density state by floating. In this case, the turbulence is generated by the protrusions provided on the inner wall surface of the stirring tank, and thus the stirring and the mixing are performed together by the spiral turbulence. By soaring above the stirring tank and repeatedly performing diffusion and mixing under low-density conditions, a composite fiber body in which plastic fibers and cellulose fibers are entangled or uniformly adhered can be obtained.

For example, a three-piece structure in which plastic fibers made of PE (polyethylene) and plastic fibers made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) are entangled with each other and cellulose fiber hairs are entangled or adhered. A configuration as a composite fiber body can be obtained. (See Fig. 2)

The fixed fiber is obtained by stirring and mixing the cellulose fiber and the plastic fiber at an arbitrary ratio in the stirring step.
Alternatively, it is required to carry out / supply to the upper surface of the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 22. At this time, a fixed amount can be efficiently supplied on the pallet upper surface as a dry fibrous lumpy composite fibrous body by a screw rotation or a measuring device 19.27 such as a conveyor. The composite fibrous body is always measured and secured in a fixed amount by a metering container or a measuring device attached to the lower surface of the pallet.

On the upper surface of the pallet, the density of the composite fiber body is adjusted uniformly by the rotating blades 20.21 constantly rotating at a high speed. The Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 22 is used to remove the excess composite fiber and fine pulverized pieces stacked on the pallet 24 and to adjust the uniform layer height. By performing the movement or reciprocating movement to the left and right according to the adjustment of the surface, the composite fiber body is uniformly laminated as a thinly stretched state on the pallet 24, so that the construction as a laminated composite can be revised. .

Measuring device such as screw or conveyor
In combination with 19.27, a plurality of high-speed rotating blades 20.21 are combined, and metering and lamination are performed, whereby the upper surface of the pallet can be thinly stretched and formed into a multilayered felt or composite fiber body. In the case of multiple layers of composites, various additions such as sound absorption, cushioning, water resistance, etc. are made by applying multiple layers of composite fiber bodies arbitrarily changing the composition ratio of the composite fiber body to the surface or core part of the product New value, quality and functionality can also be sought.

Preheating Step Cellulose fibers obtained by finely disintegrating waste paper, wood chips, etc.
As the surface area increases, it becomes more susceptible to the influence of the temperature and humidity of the outside air. It has been confirmed that when melt and hot pressing is performed in the next step with the plastic fiber, the moisture mixed into the cellulose fiber reacts with the plastic and greatly leads to the deterioration of the plastic strength. Therefore, the cellulose fibers can be sufficiently dried after the defibration step or after the stirring and mixing to remove water mixed in the fibers, thereby preventing the deterioration of the plastic. As a preheating drying method, a heating or hot air is radiated or indirectly generated by a heating medium generating device 23 or a heating medium such as infrared rays before being carried into a hot pressing device 31 for performing preheating and drying, and is laminated in a felt shape. Preheating drying can be performed by ventilating the inside of the composite fiber body. The hot air that has passed through the composite fiber body is sucked by the hot air blow pipe 28, and the hot air can be efficiently circulated by requiring the heat medium to be reduced again. Further, by incorporating a heat heater, a far-infrared ray / high-frequency heating device, or the like in the preheating process, or by requesting a combined use thereof, it is possible to control temperature and humidity more uniformly.

As a specific example, hot air is generated by simultaneously using the hot air action of the rotating blades with respect to the heat medium generating device 23 such as an oil heater, and the hot air is blown into the felt-laminated composite fibers. Preventive drying is performed in combination with removal of water mixed in the cellulose fibers and softening of the plastic fibers by aeration. Preheat compression unit 29
Within, the air permeability is 20 ~ 60mmA _q , preheating temperature is 60 ℃ ~ 250 ℃
By applying preheat drying for about 1 to 20 minutes with hot air of
The melting time in the next step can be reduced by keeping the water content of the cellulose fiber within 3% and preheating and keeping the temperature of the composite fiber from 100 ° C to 250 ° C.

Melting / Solidifying Step Melting and solidifying are performed on a three-piece integrated composite fiber body in which different types of plastic fibers and cellulose fibers are entangled or adhered.

It is assumed that PE is formed by a conventional hot pressing method.
Fine particles of (polyethylene) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
Or, when the crushed pieces are uniformly mixed and melted and solidified, PE and PVC change from the state of being melted to the solidified state by cooling, resulting from the difference in the interfacial tension of the PE / PVC polymer. As a result, each of the same polymers aggregates and changes to a sea-island structure. Such a molded article leads to peeling or heat distortion. Therefore, in the present invention,
In order to suppress the change in aggregation of the polymer, each plastic is temporarily converted into a single plastic fiber.

After that, the individual plastic single fibers are entangled and held down to obtain the suppression by the cohesion energy and physical structure of the polymer, and the change in the contraction of the linear expansion of the plastic fiber to obtain the change of the polymer. Absorbs cohesive energy.

However, depending on the type or composition of the plastic, it is not possible to determine the absorption of the cohesive energy of the polymer only by the change in the shrinkage of the linear expansion into the plastic fiber, which leads to the occurrence of thermal strain in the molded article. Is confirmed. Therefore, the present invention is characterized in that the addition of the cellulose component assists in absorbing the cohesive energy of the polymer and leads to an increase in the physical strength of the molded article. Cellulose fibers are added by forming a composite fibrous body that is entangled or adhered to each plastic fiber by a three-piece unit, and then hot-pressed to form a polymer network in which different types of plastics are mixed. (Refer to FIG. 3).

It was confirmed that the addition of the cellulose fiber provided a stable molded product having no thermal strain and no occurrence of bulk separation or phase separation.

Attachment FIG. 3 shows a polymer network obtained by blending PE: PVC: cellulose at 30:30:40 and then seeking melting and solidification.

A hot-press forming apparatus 31 for melting plastic by heat radiation from a hot plate and performing compression molding and a cooling-solidifying apparatus 34 for obtaining solidification by absorbing heat from a cooling plate are separately provided, Further, it is constructed from a transfer step for stacking the raw materials on the upper surface of the pallet 24 or the sheet and transferring the raw material instantly between the melting step and the cooling step. The pallet 24 used in the transfer process has a thermal conductivity of aluminum, brass, copper, etc.
It is composed of a substance that secures 80kcal / mh ° C or higher, and
The surface is protected by a surface coating treatment or a release sheet 41 etc. so that the interfacial tension is kept at 30 dync / Cm or less, and a pallet 24 or a sheet constructed from each structure having both thermal conductivity and interfacial tension efficiency is provided. It is characterized by the transferred process. It is characterized in that each of the melting step, the cooling step, and the transfer step has a step having an independent configuration.

After a fixed amount of the raw material composed of the composite fiber body is laminated on the upper surface of the pallet 24, the hot-press forming apparatus 31
And compression molding is performed by the upper and lower hot plates, and the heat plates 32 and 33 '' which integrate a part of or all of the plastic fibers up and down for a certain period of time to reach the softened and molten state are clamped. Repeatedly ask for heat dissipation.

In the state of being laminated on the pallet, the composite fiber body which has reached the softened and molten state is transferred to a cooling step in order to quickly obtain solidification, and the whole of the composite fiber body is cooled by the vertically integrated cooling plates 35 and 36. And cover it evenly,
Further, by determining the compression molding, it is possible to seek suppression of the aggregation change of different types of plastics. By the melting and solidifying process, where the melting process and the cooling process are configured separately,
It is applied to an arbitrary molded body constituting a polymer network (see FIG. 3) in which different kinds of plastics are mixed.

In the conventional injection molding and compression molding, which represent plastic molding, molding is performed by performing a series of melting and cooling in a mold integrated from melting to cooling. Long-term studies have confirmed that if the processing of the composite plastic is sought by the cooling effect repeated each time, it causes phase separation or peeling. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cooling plate 35.36, which has already sufficiently improved the cooling function, is quickly covered over the entire surface of the molded body, thereby uniformly increasing the heat absorption and cooling effect throughout the molded body,
A molded article having a polymer network (see FIGS. 2 and 3) can be obtained.

As a specific example, in the melting step 31, the hot-press molding temperature of 160 ° C. to 300 ° C., the pressure of 5 to 45 kgf / Cm ² , the pressurizing time of 1 to 20 minutes, and the degassing of about 0 to 10 times are repeated. After the plastic is melted, promptly requesting transfer to the cooling step 34, and then in the cooling step, the cooling temperature is 0 to 40 ° C and the pressing force is 5 to 45 kg.
f / Cm ² , a cooling time of 1 to 30 minutes is applied, and cooling is performed while maintaining or applying a pressure during cooling. In order to improve the uniform function of the cooling plate, the cooling plate is provided with a plurality of divided cooling functions, and a plurality of cooling pipes are individually buried to find the uniformity of each cooling function A cooling valve for adjusting the flow rate is provided at the IN / OUT side diameter of each cooling pipe. By adjusting the optional cooling, it is possible to improve the function as a uniform cooling plate.The cooling function is divided into a plurality of functions, and the cooling function gradually increases from the center of the cooling plate or product. It is characterized in that it is possible to arbitrarily control the transfer and suppression of the cohesive energy of the polymer caused by different kinds of plastics. (See Fig. 6)

In the case of a flat forming process of a concrete form material or the like, each step of the melting step and the cooling step is further divided or divided into multiple steps in order to improve mass productivity and shorten the processing time. This makes it possible to reduce the time required for each process, which is effective for mass production. However, it is necessary to ensure that heat is uniformly absorbed and cooled by the cooling plate. Further, a pallet or a plate having thermal conductivity secured in each of the divided processes is fixed to the upper and lower molds, and raw materials are stacked on the upper surface of the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 22 in place of the fixed plate, and the upper and lower parts are integrated. It was confirmed that instantaneous transfer of the raw material by moving the raw material sandwiched between the release sheet 41 and the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 22.30 was also effective as a measure for mass production.

Cutting / Removing Step The plastic fiber and the cellulose fiber are entangled to form a composite fiber, which is then melted, cooled and solidified to obtain a molded article having a polymer network. In some cases, the outer shell portion constituting the molded body has insufficient strength due to thermal effects generated or caused during melting and solidification. Therefore, in order to secure a high quality finished product, a part of the outer shell part of the molded body is cut or punched out, and only the central stable portion of the molded body is removed as a finished product to remove waste plastic. New products can be provided as raw materials. Specifically, after the outer shell portion of the molded body is cut and removed by a cutting operation using a rotary saw blade 38 used in a sawmill, the finished product is taken out by a material take-out device 39. Further, the outer shell portion of the molded body, which has been cut and removed, such as a cut end, is finely pulverized or defibrated, and then re-contained as a cellulose component such as waste paper or wood chips, so that it can be effectively used.

Specific Embodiments Waste plastics exist in a state in which various types are mixed. For this reason, here, we report as a representative example the recycling process of a composite plastic molded body composed of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PE (polyethylene), which is the most difficult to process. Plastics that can be processed with this technology
No particular limitation is required as long as it is a thermoplastic having a melting point of 320 ° C. or lower. Single material, of course,
P coated with PU (thermosetting polyurethane) on the surface
Composite components whose base is a thermoplastic resin, such as P (polypropylene) bumpers, can also be processed.

Pulverization Step A composite plastic molded body in which PVC / PE is mixed or laminated at a ratio of 50:50 is finely crushed or pulverized to obtain one side of 10 parts.
Approximately 3 mm crushed pieces. By crushing finely,
By uniformly crushing foreign substances such as bolts, nuts, glass, ceramics, etc. incorporated in the composite, it is easy to peel or separate from the structure to be formed, and only plastic is separated by specific gravity separation, magnetic force separation, etc. Separated and sorted and supplied to the melt spinning process.

Melt-spinning process Step The pulverized plastic pieces are sufficiently dried with an existing plastic drying device to reduce the water content to within 3%. Thoroughly dried plastic pieces should be rolled
3 Supply to melt spinning device or extrusion melt spinning device. In the state where different types of plastics are mixed, the plastics are deteriorated by the conventional extrusion melt spinning device.
The plastic fibers are discharged under the conditions of m and a melting temperature of 180 ° C. to obtain plastic fibers having a drawability of about 2.5 to 0.01 mm in fiber diameter.

Cutting / Stretching Step A plastic blade having a fiber diameter of about 2.5 to 0.01 mm discharged by melt spinning is passed through hot air at 120 ° C. to soften the plastic fiber in advance, and a cutting blade which rotates at a high speed. It is thrown into gaps between multiple hot plates. By adjusting the temperature of the hot plate to 120 ° C and adjusting the gap with the cutting blade to 0.5 to 0.1 mm, the plastic fibers are cut and drawn, and short fibers having a fiber diameter of 0.2 to 0.01 mm and a fiber length of 5 to 50 mm are produced. can get.

Fibrillation Process Waste paper, wood chips and the like are finely defibrated to be defibrated as plant fiber hair containing a cellulose component.

Here, a defibrating machine (Yamamoto Iron Works, Model Y
A-01) The waste paper is defibrated according to A-01), and the fiber diameter is 0.01 to
Fiber hair having a fiber length of about 0.5 mm and a fiber length of about 0.1 to 20 mm was obtained.

Stirring / Mixing Step A composite fiber body in which plastic fibers and cellulose fibers are integrated with each other is obtained by arbitrarily changing the total mass and the mixing ratio according to the requirements of the product. For example, if you want to use it for civil engineering materials, plastic fiber and cellulose fiber should be 60% and 40%, respectively, of the total mass. After measuring and adjusting to a desired compounding ratio, the mixture is charged into a stirring vessel, and 7 kg / m ³ for 3 minutes using a rotating blade of 1200 rpm.
By performing agitation and mixing operations by convection mixing under a low density condition, the respective fibers were uniformly entangled and adhered to obtain an integrated composite fiber body. By the same method, a composite fiber body of 80% plastic fiber and 20% cellulose fiber hair was obtained.

Quantitative Supply Step After a plastic fiber / cellulose fiber 80:20 composite fiber body was supplied to the upper surface of the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet so as to be 10% of the total mass, a rotating brush was used at a rotation speed of 750 rpm. After reciprocating the upper surface of the composite fiber several times to obtain a fiber layer thinly laid down in a felt shape, the plastic fiber and cellulose fiber 60:40 composite fiber is adjusted to 80% of the total mass. Further, after laminating and supplying on the upper surface, the fiber layer was reciprocated to obtain a fiber layer having a uniformly laminated surface. Next, a composite fiber of plastic fiber and cellulose fiber 80:20 was laminated and supplied so as to be 10% of the total mass, and then uniformly laminated with a rotating brush in the same manner as described above to prepare a laminated surface. Through the above steps, a composite fibrous body laminated on the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet upper surface in three layers having different mixing ratios was obtained. The composite fiber body was sandwiched between vertically integrated Teflon (registered trademark) sheets and transferred to a preheating step.

Preheating Step The composite fibrous body uniformly laminated in three layers is heated at a preheating temperature of 110 ° C.
The water content of the cellulose fiber is reduced by supplying it into a preheating dryer with a hot air flow of 40 mmA _q and giving a preheating time of 5 minutes.
Drying is required to 3%, and the temperature of the composite fiber is 110 ° C.
Was obtained.

Melting / solidifying process Upper and lower hot plate temperature 210 ° C., pressure 25 kgf / Cm ² , pressurization time 1
0 minutes, the upper and lower mold clamping and deaeration were repeated three times, and the temperature of the composite fiber was raised to 190 ° C. After the softening and melting of the plastic fiber was confirmed, the upper and lower heating plates were opened. Transfer to the cooling process quickly within 10 seconds, temperature of upper and lower cooling plate 15 ° C, pressure 35kgf / Cm ² , cooling time 20
By applying compression and cooling while covering the entire molded product in minutes, the solidification of the molten plastic is quickly determined. In this case, the cooling temperature was kept within ± 1 ° C. After confirming that the temperature of the composite fiber body has dropped to 25 ° C., the upper and lower cooling plates are opened, and the product is peeled off from the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet and removed.

Cutting / Removing Step The outer shell of the product which has been removed from the cooling and solidifying apparatus and lowered to room temperature is cut by about 30 to 50 mm using a saw blade for woodworking.
By removing them, it was possible to request the commercialization of concrete formwork materials used for civil engineering materials.

According to the above method, the plastic waste to be a PVC / PE composite molded body is subjected to a regenerating treatment,
The concrete formwork material used for civil engineering materials was manufactured, and the physical strength required for the product was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the strength was secured without damaging the quality. Table 1 shows the measured values of the measured physical strengths.

[0079]

[Table 1]

[0080]

[Effects of the Invention] As the effective use of waste resources such as waste plastic, waste paper, and wood chips, civil engineering and construction materials, packing materials, cushioning materials, etc. are widely sought. It leads to protection of wood resources.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a micrograph of a compact according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polymer network.

FIG. 3 is a micrograph of a polymer network.

FIG. 4 is a process chart illustrating an embodiment of a method of molding and mixing different kinds of plastics.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for carrying out a mixed plastics molding method.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cooling plate.

[Description of reference numerals] 1 Fixed amount supply device 2 Preheating drying device 3 Rotary melter 4 High frequency heating coil 5 Heat blower tube 6 Press-down roller 7 Rotary cutting and stretching device 8 Weighing device 9 Mechanical defibration device 10 Bag filter 11 Supply conveyor 12 Collection Conveyor 13 Dust collector 14 Hot air generator 15 Supply conveyor 16 Metering device 17 Screw conveyor 18 Stirrer blade 19 Metering device 20 Rotor blade 21 Rotor blade 22 Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 23 Heat medium generator 24 Pallet 25 Stirrer 26 Stirrer 27 Measuring device 28 Heat blower tube 29 Preheat compression device 30 Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 31 Hot-press forming device 32 Hot plate (upper die) 33 Hot plate (lower die) 34 Cooling and solidifying device 35 Cooling plate (upper die) 36 Cooling plate (upper die) 37 Teflon (registered trademark) sheet 38 Saw tooth 39 Material removal device 40 Cooling plate 41 Surface coating treatment (peeling sheet) 42 Hot plate

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme coat ゛ (Reference) B29K 105: 26 B29K 105: 26

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A waste plastic is melt-spun to form a single fiber, and a natural plant fiber such as waste paper or wood chip is defibrated to form a cellulose fiber. After forming a composite fiber body that is entangled with the resin and applying heat to melt part or all of the plastic fibers, it is cooled quickly to mix different types of plastics to form a polymer network. To obtain a different plastic mixed molding method. 2. A process for melting a plastic, and a cooling process for rapidly cooling and solidifying the softened / melted plastic as a separate process, for instantaneously transferring between the melting process and the cooling process. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a pallet or a sheet. 3. In order to obtain a composite fiber body of plastic fiber and cellulose fiber, stirring and mixing are performed in a state where the mutual fibers are suspended in a low-density container of 70 kg / m ^{3 or} less to obtain convective mixing. 2. A composite fiber body in which mutual fibers are uniformly entangled with each other.
Different plastics mixing molding method. 4. After softening the melt-spun plastic fiber again, the plastic fiber is stretched and cut by frictional resistance between a rotating cutting blade and an adjacent hot plate, thereby forming fine plastic fiber. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a cutting and stretching step. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a rotary melt-spinning step of softening and melting the plastic in a state where different kinds of plastics are mixed, and discharging the plastic as a plastic fiber by the action of centrifugal force. Different plastics mixing molding method.