JP2002309261A - Apparatus and method for controlling temperature of coke oven top space - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide an apparatus for suppressing carbon deposition with low capital investment and low work load. SOLUTION: A coke oven furnace top space characterized in that an opening is provided in a furnace top brick between charging ports of a coke oven carbonization chamber, and a lance for injecting a furnace blowing fluid is installed in the opening. Temperature control device.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling a temperature in a coke oven top space.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 7 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a state of carbon adhering to a brick surface in a furnace top space when coal is carbonized in a conventional coke oven.

As shown in FIG. 7, a coke oven (carbonization chamber)
701) In the process of heating the coal to produce coke 703,
Carbonization gas mainly composed of carbon compounds is generated from coal.
This generated gas flows into the furnace top space 705 at the upper part of the furnace (the gap from the surface of the coke to the ceiling is usually about 30 to 100 cm), or flows into the gas path 707 of the furnace lid, and flows through the riser pipe 709. Via gas purification process (not shown)
It is led to. The temperature of the furnace top space 705 (in this specification, the space of the riser base 711 is included in the furnace top space) is the operating rate or the furnace temperature (the upper part of the combustion chamber,
Or it means the temperature measured by a thermometer installed at a predetermined lower part), but usually 850 to 950
Due to the high temperature condition of about ° C, a thermal decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon compound occurs, and carbon 713 adheres to the brick surface.
While the amount of the carbon 713 attached is small, the carbon 713 effectively enters the joints of the bricks and effectively prevents raw gas leakage from the carbonization chamber 701 to the combustion chamber (not shown). After the carbonization is completed, coke 703 is extruded and air is introduced from the outside for several tens of seconds until the next coal charging, and the combustion gasification reaction (C + O ₂ → C
It is common to remove with O ₂ ). Although the method of removing carbon by these methods is simple and effective, sufficient time is required when the operation rate is high or the furnace temperature level is high because the operation is performed between operations. There are things you can't do. In addition, since a large amount of combustion gas is emitted to the atmosphere, it cannot be said that it is preferable in terms of environmental protection.

That is, as shown in FIG. 7, (1) in the furnace top space, carbon adheres to the ceiling and the furnace wall on the side surface, so that the furnace top space 705 is narrowed, and coke is extruded after carbonization. When the coke is extruded, an upward component force is generated in the coke (indicated by an upward arrow (↑) in the figure), and as the coke swells, as shown in FIG. As a result, resistance is applied more than the extruding ability of the extruder, and the extruder is stopped by being clogged. In such a case, it is necessary to wait for the coke volume to decrease after a long time and then push it out again, or to remove it with a scoop or the like by hand, resulting in problems such as poor productivity and heavy labor in a harsh environment. was there. Also, (2) at the base of the riser, the base is blocked by the attached carbon, and the carbonization gas generated inside the carbonization chamber 701 during the carbonization is not led out to the gas purification step via the riser 709. Since the internal pressure of the furnace top space 705 rises, dry distillation gas (including aromatic hydrocarbons such as tar) leaks from the charging lid and the furnace lid, which may adversely affect the environment. However, there has been a problem that productivity has deteriorated, for example, work for avoiding this has occurred.

In order to solve these problems, the most effective means is to suppress the amount of carbon generated during carbonization, and many methods have been proposed. For example, as a method of forming a coating on a brick surface to reduce the amount of carbon attached, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-160896 and Japanese Patent Publication No.
No. 477 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-13470. Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 59-10712, there is a method of preventing oxygen from adhering to carbon by blowing oxygen or oxygen from the back surface by using gas permeability of refractory bricks. Alternatively, since the carbon deposition amount increases as the temperature increases, a method of suppressing the deposition by blowing a coke oven generated gas or compressed air into a furnace top space to reduce the carbon deposition rate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. -1884
No. 86, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 3-210389, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
-212486).

[0006]

The above-mentioned conventional method aims to reduce the amount of carbon deposition by inhibiting the contact between the hydrocarbon which forms the basis of carbon deposition and the brick surface, and to reduce the temperature. The purpose is to slow down the carbon production reaction.

However, in the method of forming a coating on the surface of a brick, it is easy to smoothly process the surface of the brick before the brick is incorporated into a coke oven, and the effect of preventing the carbon from adhering can be expected. It is extremely advanced to form a coating on the operating surface of the furnace wall brick, which is inevitably increased in the degree of unevenness over time, in a heating state built into the furnace so that the coating surface becomes smooth. There is a possibility that an alkaline component contained in a commonly used coating agent may affect the strength of the furnace wall brick.

Further, when injecting a coke oven gas, it is necessary to take out the generated gas once out of the coke oven with a gas suction pipe or the like and circulate the gas through a pipe. On the furnace, there are many restrictions such as installation so as not to hinder the movement of the loaded car. In addition, there is a concern that carbon and tar adhere to the pipe wall in the suction pipe from the sucked coke oven gas.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide an apparatus and a method for suppressing carbon deposition with low capital investment and low work load.

[0010]

The inventors of the present invention have made various studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, the growth of carbon during carbonization (up to burnout) has a very large temperature dependency, and furthermore, Carbon growth (adhesion) between the carbon growth (adhesion) rate and the gas temperature in the furnace top space (and the surface temperature of the furnace wall bricks in contact with the atmosphere gas in the furnace top space and the surface temperature of the bricks in the carbonization chamber at the base of the riser). 5) It is found that the speed takes an extremely sharp minimum value due to a temperature change (FIG. 5).
It has been found that by controlling the gas temperature in the furnace top space near the minimum value of the carbon growth (adhesion) rate, the amount of carbon adhering can be extremely effectively suppressed, and after carbonization (fire) After the falling), the amount of generated gas is reduced, so that the vaporized gas generated in the furnace top space (including the riser base) in the coking chamber is blown only by blowing steam and / or inert gas without using complicated temperature control. The concentration of hydrocarbons in the coke oven gas, which is the cause of carbon formation in the coke oven, is reduced, and the carbon source is reacted with the steam (C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ ) blown into the furnace top space in the coking chamber. It can be changed to a stable gasification state, and generation of attached carbon can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to prevent damage (burnout) of the tip injection nozzle portion of the injection lance which is exposed to the high-temperature gas in the furnace top space only by flowing steam and / or an inert gas instead of water. Since the lance can be embedded and permanently installed in the furnace top brick without removing it when removing the charging lid for each dry distillation, the lance is used for opening and closing the lid. It has been found that the productivity is excellent without hindering the operability, and based on this finding, the present invention has been completed.

That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
This is achieved by the following (1) to (5).

(1) A coke oven furnace characterized in that an opening is provided in the furnace top brick between the charging inlets of the coke oven carbonization chamber, and a lance for injecting the in-furnace blowing fluid is installed in the opening. Temperature control device in the top space.

(2) In order to prevent water, which is one kind of the fluid to be blown into the furnace, from evaporating into water vapor while passing through the injection lance, the injection lance is provided with a double pipe system. The coke oven temperature control apparatus according to (1), wherein the in-furnace blowing fluid flows through the inner shell and the cooling fluid flows through the outer shell.

(3) The apparatus according to the above (1) or (2), wherein water and steam and / or an inert gas are alternately used as a blowing fluid in the furnace. Temperature control method for coke oven top space.

(4) Switching of the in-furnace blowing fluid into the furnace top space within a fixed period before and after the completion of coal charging to stop blowing steam and / or inert gas, The water blowing is started, and the flow of the furnace blowing fluid into the furnace space is switched within a certain period before and after the fire falls to stop the water blowing, and the steam and / or inert water is removed. The method for controlling the temperature of a coke oven top space according to the above (3), wherein the gas injection is started.

(5) In response to a coal charging completion signal from the measurement control system, a switching operation of the in-furnace blowing fluid for blowing water into the furnace top space is executed, and a fire-fall signal is received from the same system. A method for controlling the temperature of a coke oven top space, characterized by performing a switching operation of an in-furnace injection fluid for injecting steam and / or an inert gas into the in-furnace space.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A temperature control apparatus for a coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention is provided with an opening in a furnace top brick between charging inlets of a coke oven carbonization chamber, and the opening is provided with a fluid for in-furnace blowing. The injection lance is provided. That is, the present inventor has learned that in the carbon growth during carbonization, the temperature dependency is very large, and it is possible to control carbon adhesion very effectively by controlling the temperature. By using an injection lance provided in the furnace top brick in the furnace top space of the coke oven, water that does not affect production and is advantageous in terms of cost is atomized and blown into the furnace top as a blowing fluid. By controlling the gas temperature, the surface temperature of the brick wall of the carbonization chamber in contact with the atmosphere gas in the furnace top space, and the surface temperature of the brick of the carbonization chamber at the base of the riser to a temperature range in which the carbon deposition rate decreases most, the coke oven Able to reduce the amount of carbon adhering to the inside of the carbonization chamber (particularly the furnace top space) and the brick surface at the base of the riser tube without causing damage to the brick or delay in carbonization of coal near the furnace top A. Further, after the burnout, the fluid to the injection lance is switched into the coke oven, and steam and / or an inert gas are blown into the coke oven to expose the coke oven to the furnace top space. Can prevent damage to the tip injection nozzle portion of the injection lance exposed to the high-temperature gas (burnout).
It can be embedded and permanently installed in the furnace top brick without removing it every time the loading lid is removed.
Therefore, when the lid is opened and closed, the presence of the injection lance does not hinder the operability, and the operability is improved.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a main part of a temperature control apparatus for a coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention, in which an opening is provided in a furnace brick between charging ports of a coke oven carbonization chamber, and a coke oven is provided in the opening. A typical example of a portion provided with a single-tube type lance as an injection lance for injecting a fluid (hereinafter, also simply referred to as an in-furnace injection fluid) to be blown into the furnace top space portion or the inside of the carbonization chamber of the carbonization chamber. It is a schematic sectional drawing showing one embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, a coke oven carbonization chamber 101
In the furnace top brick 103 between the inlets of the furnace, a large diameter opening 105 is provided to facilitate the work such as construction, repair, and replacement of a lance for injecting the furnace blowing fluid at a certain depth from the furnace top side. At the center thereof, there is provided a cylindrical opening 107 having a diameter capable of vertically penetrating the furnace top brick 103 and installing the injection lance with almost no gap. Further, the opening 107
A lance 109 for injecting the in-furnace fluid into the furnace is fitted into the lance 109, and the opening 10
Locked to the bottom of 5. A caster 123 is provided on the periphery of the upper flange 111 for the purpose of sealing a gap between the flange 111 and the bottom surface of the opening 105. Further, an opening cover 112 is provided on the upper opening surface of the opening 105.
Is fitted. The double seal structure seals the high-temperature coal gas from the carbonization chamber 101 so as not to leak outside through the openings 105 and 107.

The structure of the lance 109 for spraying the in-furnace blowing fluid includes a lance body (single pipe) 113 for flowing the in-furnace blowing fluid, and the in-furnace blowing fluid into the carbonization chamber 101. A nozzle portion 119 attached to one end (lower end) of the lance main body 113 for jetting. The other end (upper end) of the lance main body 113 is provided with the above-mentioned opening to facilitate repair and replacement of the lance 109 for injecting the in-furnace fluid and the piping 121 for supplying the in-furnace injecting fluid. Within the pipe 105, the pipe 121 is detachably connected by a pipe joint or the like. As shown in FIG. 1, the supply pipe 121 for supplying the in-furnace blowing fluid may be buried inside the furnace top brick 103 from the opening 105, and may be drawn out of the furnace at an appropriate place. As shown in (1), an appropriate groove may be formed ahead of the opening 105, a pipe may be inserted into the groove, and the groove may be extracted out of the furnace at an appropriate place. The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is advantageous for maintaining the strength of the furnace top brick, while the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 is convenient for repairing and replacing pipes.

In the present embodiment, the injection lance is
The structure of 109 further includes a heat insulating material 115 and a protective tube 117. Specifically, of the in-furnace injection fluid, water used for the purpose of lowering the furnace top space temperature of the carbonization chamber, other than water, has a large heat of vaporization and does not affect the production of coke, and can be procured at low cost. (In the present specification, this is simply referred to as water or the like.) Although it can be used, it is vaporized while passing through the lance main body portion 113 and the nozzle portion 119, and vapor of liquid other than water vapor or water (this specification). In this document, a heat insulating material 115 is provided around the outer periphery of the side surface of the lance main body 113 and the nozzle 119 so as to prevent the water from becoming water vapor. The lance body 113
A protection tube 117 having an upper flange portion 111 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the entire structure including the heat insulating material 115 from the nozzle to the tip nozzle portion 119 so that the heat insulating material 115 does not fall off. Further, the lance main body 113 and the heat insulating material 115 are appropriately joined (by an adhesive, heat fusion, or the like). If necessary, the flange portion 111 of the protective tube 117 and the upper flange portion formed on the upper outer peripheral surface of the lance body portion 113 (FIG. 4) so that the protective tube 117 and the lance main body portion 113 can be joined. (Not shown) may be fastened by bolts (not shown) or the like.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a main part of a temperature control device for a coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing showing a typical embodiment of the part which installs the lance of a double pipe | tube type as a lance for injection of a blowing fluid. FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing a tip nozzle portion of the double-tube lance of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, coke oven carbonization chamber 201
In the furnace top brick 203 between the inlets of the furnace, a large diameter opening 205 is provided to facilitate work such as construction, repair, and replacement of a lance for injecting the furnace blowing fluid at a certain depth from the furnace top side. At the center thereof, there is provided a cylindrical opening 207 having a diameter capable of vertically penetrating the furnace top brick 203 and installing the injection lance with almost no gap. Further, the opening 207
A lance 209 for injecting the in-furnace blowing fluid is fitted into the lance 209, and the opening 20
Locked to the bottom of 5. A caster 223 is provided on the periphery of the upper flange 211 for the purpose of covering a gap between the flange 211 and the bottom surface of the opening 205. Further, a lid 212 is fitted on the upper opening surface of the opening 205. With these double seal structures, the carbonization chamber 201
The high-temperature coal gas is sealed so as not to leak outside through these openings 205 and 207.

The structure of the lance 209 for injecting the in-furnace blowing fluid includes an inner shell 231 for flowing the in-furnace blowing fluid, and water vaporized while passing through the inner shell 231 to form steam. A lance body (double pipe) 213 having an outer shell 233 for flowing a cooling fluid to prevent the cooling fluid from flowing, and a lance body (two And a nozzle portion 219 connected to one end (lower end) of the inner shell portion 231 of the heavy tube 213. The other end (upper end) of the inner shell portion 231 of the lance main body 213 is easy to repair or replace the lance 209 for injecting the in-furnace blowing fluid and the piping 231 for supplying the in-furnace blowing fluid. As above opening 205
Inside, it is connected to a supply pipe (not shown) for supplying a fluid for in-furnace blowing by a pipe joint (not shown) or the like in a detachable manner.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, a partition plate 239 is provided on the outer shell portion 233 so that the cooling fluid flowing from the inlet pipe 235 flows out of the outlet pipe 237. Is provided with a communication port 241. The outer shell 233
A lid 243 is provided at the lower end of the cover. Thereby, it is possible to preferably prevent water or the like, which is one type of the in-furnace blowing fluid, from being vaporized during passing through the inner shell portion 231 of the injection lance to become steam or the like. . Further, it is preferable that the cooling fluid is configured so as to be circulated and used.For example, the outlet pipe 237 is connected to a heat exchanger installed outside the furnace through one circulation pipe, and An apparatus configuration in which the heat exchanger is connected to a transfer pump installed outside the furnace through another circulation pipe, and the transfer pump is further connected to the inlet pipe 235 through another circulation pipe. Examples thereof include, but are not particularly limited to, any conventionally known techniques for circulating and using various types of cooling fluids.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the structure of the injection lance 209 is
It has a heat insulating material 215, a heat insulating material fixing member 216, a protective tube 217, and bolts (not shown). Specifically, it is possible to prevent water or the like of the in-furnace blowing fluid used for the purpose of lowering the furnace top space temperature of the carbonization chamber from evaporating into water vapor or the like while passing through the nozzle portion 219. like,
A heat insulating material 215 such as kao wool (trade name of Morgan UK), which can freely change its shape according to the nozzle shape, is provided around the outer periphery of the side surface of the tip nozzle portion 219. Further, the heat insulating material 215 is fixed (tied) to the nozzle portion 219 by a fixing member 216 such as a SUS wire so that the heat insulating material 215 does not fall off. In addition, the lance body 213
A protection tube 217 having an upper flange portion 211 is provided around the outer peripheral portions of the side surfaces so as to protect the entirety from the nozzle portion 219 to the tip nozzle portion 219. In addition, protective tube 217
And the lance body 213 so that it can be joined,
The flange 211 of the protection tube 217 and the upper flange 219 formed on the upper outer peripheral surface of the lance main body 213 are fastened by bolts (not shown).

As described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, an opening is formed in the furnace top brick between the charging ports of the coke oven carbonization chamber, which is a main part of the temperature control apparatus of the coke oven furnace top space of the present invention. The embodiment of the part which is provided as a lance for injecting the furnace-injecting fluid into the opening is not limited to these embodiments.For example, those described below are used. Any device including the functions and effects of the present invention may be used, and it goes without saying that the device belongs to the technical scope of the present invention.

First, the opening that can be provided in the furnace top brick between the charging ports according to the present invention should not be limited to the above embodiment, but the shape of the injection lance and the construction, repair, and replacement thereof. The shape and size (diameter and depth) of each opening may be determined in consideration of workability and the like.
That is, as shown in the above embodiment, the shapes of the individual openings are combined with openings having different diameters (formed in steps) to form the injection lance and to construct, repair, exchange, etc. It is not particularly limited, for example, it can be adapted to the workability of
Examples of the shape include a cylindrical shape, a prism shape, and an elliptical shape, and a prism shape is preferable from the viewpoint of workability (construction) of an existing furnace top brick. Similarly, regarding the size of each opening, the shape of the injection lance and its construction, repair,
It may be determined in consideration of workability such as replacement, etc.It is also possible to combine openings of different diameters in a complex manner,
Although not particularly limited, taking the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the size of the upper rectangular opening 105 is about 500 to 1000 mm on one side and 10 mm in depth.
If the diameter (diameter) of the lower cylindrical opening 107 is about 50 to 100 mm, it is suitable for the shape of the injection lance and workability such as its construction, repair, and replacement. Water sufficient to control the furnace top space temperature of the carbonization chamber to a desired temperature can flow through the lance main body, and can only exhibit the heat insulating effect that water flowing through the lance main body does not evaporate. A thick heat insulating material 115 or an outer shell portion capable of flowing a cooling fluid enough to exhibit a cooling effect that does not evaporate water flowing through the inner shell portion of the lance main body portion can be provided. is there.

[0030] Of the above-mentioned openings, in particular, the opening in which the injection lance is installed may be vertically opened from the upper surface to the lower surface of the furnace top brick as shown in FIGS. , If you need temperature control for each individual opening,
An opening may be provided so as to have a desired inclination angle with respect to each of the perpendiculars. Accordingly, even if a nozzle portion is not particularly provided at the tip end, in a multi-tube type lance composed of a plurality of single tubes described later, the furnace interior is controlled so that the temperature of the furnace top space portion of the carbonization chamber becomes uniform even with these alone. This is because it is also possible to eject the blowing fluid.

Also, the number of openings that can be provided in the furnace top brick between the charging ports is determined by adjusting the temperature of the furnace top space in the carbonization chamber by the injection of the in-furnace blowing fluid by the injection lance installed in the opening. As long as it can be controlled to a predetermined temperature (700 to 800 ° C.), for example, one opening may be provided in the furnace top brick between each charging port, or the furnace top brick between each charging port may be provided. A plurality of openings may be provided respectively, or an opening may not be provided in each of the top bricks between the inlets (some of the top bricks between the plurality of inlets have openings. Although there is no particular limitation, there is no particular limitation on the arrangement of the furnace top space in the furnace length direction or from the viewpoint of maintaining the strength of the furnace top brick. Provide one opening on the furnace top brick between the entrances Good.

The location of the opening that can be provided in the furnace top brick between the charging ports is also determined by controlling the furnace top space temperature in the carbonization chamber by injecting water or the like into the furnace with the injection lance provided in the opening. Any device can be used as long as it can be controlled to a predetermined temperature by injecting a fluid. For example, one piece may be provided at the approximate center of the furnace top brick in the furnace length direction and the furnace width direction between the charging ports, or between the charging ports. It is also possible to provide a plurality of furnace bricks at substantially the center in the furnace width direction at the furnace width direction, and to provide a plurality of furnace bricks at equal intervals in the furnace length direction. A plurality of furnaces may be provided at equal intervals in the furnace width direction, or they may be appropriately combined, and are not particularly limited.
Alternatively, in the furnace width direction, from the viewpoint of avoiding the blown fluid from directly contacting the furnace wall surface, it is preferably substantially the center of the furnace top brick between the charging ports in the furnace length direction, and in the furnace width direction. It is good to provide in a substantially central part.

Next, as a lance for injecting fluid into the furnace that can be installed in the opening according to the present invention,
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, at least a lance body portion through which at least the furnace injection fluid can flow, and a lance main body portion for discharging the furnace injection fluid into the furnace top space or the carbonization chamber. And a nozzle attached to one end (lower end) of the lance body (in the case of a double tube system, an inner shell ((inner tube)). A part of the above-mentioned injection lance or a related device, various kinds of heat insulating materials, heat insulating material fixing members, protective tubes, casters, joining members (bolts, etc.), opening lids, piping for the fluid to be blown into the furnace, cooling It is preferable to appropriately provide a fluid circulation pipe, etc. Note that these device configurations do not necessarily have to be interpreted as belonging to a part of the injection lance or related devices. Invented coke oven top In which they need only have a part of the temperature control device The inter.

The number and position of the injection lances are the same as described for the number and position of the openings when one injection lance is provided in one opening. The description in is omitted. If the furnace top space temperature in the coking chamber can be controlled to a predetermined temperature by injecting water or the like with an injection lance installed in the opening, two or more injection lances should be provided in one opening. Is also possible.

Of the above, the lance body may be of a single tube type as shown in FIG. 1, for example, as shown in FIG. In order to prevent the in-furnace blowing fluid from evaporating into water vapor while passing through the injection lance, the in-furnace blowing fluid is passed through the inner shell, and the cooling fluid is passed through the outer shell. It may be a double tube system that can be circulated, a multi-tube system, or a multi-tube system that bundles a large number of single tubes that can circulate the furnace blowing fluid in all the single tubes. Alternatively, a multi-tube system may be used in which a plurality of single tubes are bundled, in which the in-furnace blowing fluid flows through a plurality of inner single tubes and the cooling fluid flows through a plurality of outer single tubes. Although not particularly limited, it may pass through the injection lance Not vaporized blowing fluid, and from the viewpoint of minimizing the diameter of the opening for maintaining strength of the furnace top brick, preferably a double tube type.

Next, as the above-mentioned nozzle portion, a commercially available nozzle can be used, and it is not particularly limited. However, in a normal tap water pressure ( ^{2 to 3} kg / cm ² ), the nozzle portion is atomized (having a particle size of 1).
(A droplet of 100 to 300 μm) is desirable.

Therefore, the shape of the nozzle portion is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a sector nozzle,
A flat spray nozzle or the like can be used. From the nozzle portion, a fluid for in-furnace in-furnace such as water is diffused and sprayed at a wide angle (specifically, a fan shape) in the furnace length direction in the carbonization chamber. It is preferable to use a flat spray nozzle capable of performing the following. As a result, water and the like can be injected so as to spread more evenly in the furnace top space of the carbonization chamber, so that the entire furnace top space can be easily controlled to a desired temperature, and the number of injection lances can be reduced. it can.

It should be noted that the injection angle of the in-furnace blowing fluid from the nozzle portion varies depending on the number and positions of the injection lances, the nozzle shape, the pressure of the blowing fluid, and the like. Although it is not possible, for example, when installing a lance for injection at the center of the furnace length and furnace width direction of the top brick between the charging ports, when using a fan-shaped nozzle that can be diffused and sprayed at a wide angle in the furnace length direction The injection angle in the furnace length direction when a fluid such as water is jetted in a wide angle in the furnace length direction from the nozzle portion may be appropriately determined according to the inlet-to-inlet distance, the furnace top space width, and the like. 50 to 120 °, preferably 60 to 100 °, more preferably 70 to 80 °, and the injection angle in the furnace width direction is usually 20 ° or less, preferably 15 ° or less, more preferably 10 ° or less. is there.
When the injection angle in the furnace length direction is less than 50 °, the area that can be covered by one injection lance is narrow, a large number of injection lances are required, and many equipments corresponding to this are required, which increases the installation cost. In addition to being uneconomical, the system for controlling the injection of fluid for in-furnace injection such as water becomes complicated. (However, in order to control the entire furnace top space within a predetermined temperature range, each injection lance is responsible for Since it has the advantage that the area is small and easy to control, deviating from the above range should not be excluded from the scope of the present invention.) On the other hand, when the injection angle in the furnace length direction exceeds 120 °, the injection fluid directly contacts the furnace top brick when the injection is performed not directly below the carbonization chamber but in the furnace length direction. It is not preferable that the bricks may be damaged, or the fluid may be dropped as droplets on the surface of the coke to cause a dry distillation delay (however, the area covered by one injection lance is large, In order to control the entire furnace top space of the coking chamber within a predetermined temperature range, there is an advantage that a small injection lance is sufficient. is not.). On the other hand, when the injection angle in the furnace width direction exceeds 20 °, the amount of coal at the time of charging is small, the distance between the furnace top brick and the charged coal surface layer becomes long, and the fluid ejected from the nozzle is discharged in the furnace width direction. It is not preferable because the droplets may directly contact the furnace wall brick and damage the brick. (However, it is possible to cope by reducing the particle diameter of the injected fluid by a nozzle hole diameter or the like. Departures from the above range are not to be excluded from the scope of the invention.)

In addition, the nozzle portion is capable of dissolving a liquid such as water in the furnace blowing fluid with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.35 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.30 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 0.30 mm.
It is desirable to have a nozzle hole diameter that can be atomized into droplets and ejected in a range of 0.25 mm. Specifically, the nozzle hole diameter (orifice diameter) is 0.5 to 2 m
m, preferably 0.6 to 1.6 mm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.1 mm. When the jetted droplets of water or the like have a particle size of less than 0.1 mm or when the nozzle hole diameter is less than 0.1 mm.
If the diameter is less than 5 mm, there is a possibility that the nozzle hole diameter may be blocked by foreign substances such as scales mixed in the blowing fluid, and the ejected droplets are vaporized in a relatively short time.
It is effective in lowering the furnace top space temperature in the vicinity of the nozzle to control it to a desired temperature range, but the area covered by one injection lance is narrow, and many injection lances are required. Many corresponding facilities are required,
In addition to being expensive and uneconomical in installation cost, the system for controlling the flow of the fluid for in-furnace in-furnace becomes complicated (however, the area in charge of each injection lance is small and has an advantage of being easy to control. However, this should not be excluded from the scope of the present invention.) On the other hand, when the droplets of the injected water or the like exceed 0.35 mm in diameter or when the nozzle hole diameter exceeds 2 mm, the diameter of the droplets of the injected water or the like increases, and the temperature of the furnace top space becomes lower. If the temperature is low, it takes a relatively long time to evaporate.Therefore, the droplets may fall on the surface of the coal or coke before being completely vaporized. It is not preferable because there is a concern that the quality is reduced.

The installation height of the nozzle portion may be substantially flush with the lower surface of the furnace top brick (surface on the side of the carbonization chamber), but preferably, as shown in FIGS. It is a position slightly retracted into the opening. Specifically, the furnace top brick can be used to prevent heat loss of the nozzle due to the high-temperature coal gas in the carbonization chamber, and it is a position where there is no obstacle to uniformly blowing a fluid such as water into the entire furnace top space. I just need. Further, even if the above-mentioned opening is not opened obliquely, if only the nozzle portion is required, it may be attached at a desired angle for each nozzle portion.

If necessary, a mechanism may be provided so that the injection angle and the hole diameter of the nozzle portion can be adjusted. However, since at least a part of the mechanism needs to be provided in the opening of the furnace top brick, heat resistance of about 900 to 1000 ° C. is required, and the sealing property of the connection between the lance body and the nozzle is maintained. It is desirable to operate the coke oven continuously in order to increase productivity, and it is not possible to repair or replace it easily. You must wait until the temperature of the brick drops to the temperature at which work can be performed), and since the reliability and durability of the mechanism to be used are strongly required, a structure that does not have complicated mechanisms or operable structural parts as much as possible It is preferable that the accident occurrence rate is low.

In the injection lance of the present invention, FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable to further provide a heat insulating material around the outer peripheral portion of the side surface of the lance main body portion or the nozzle portion. The heat insulating material is (1) mainly during carbonization, water and the like are vaporized while passing through the inside of the lance main body due to heat transfer from the furnace top brick to become water vapor and the like (that is, heat of vaporization is supplied here). (2) Prevent or mitigate thermal damage to the tip nozzle by heat transfer from the internal space of the carbonization chamber, mainly to stop blowing water etc. after a fire. It is used for the purpose of doing.

As shown in FIG. 1, a heat insulating material may be integrally used for the outer peripheral portions of the side surfaces of the lance main body portion and the nozzle portion, or as shown in FIGS. When using the main body, it is sufficient to use a heat insulator only for the nozzle. However, a heat insulating material may be used in the double-pipe lance body as in FIG. In any case, since the shape of the nozzle portion including the connecting portion between the lance body portion and the nozzle portion is not a simple cylindrical shape but a shape with irregularities, the shape is freely changed according to the shape of these nozzle portions. It is desirable to use a heat insulating material that can be used so that no gap is generated even with a complicated nozzle shape so that coal gas does not enter.

In the case of using a heat insulating material, the injection lance of the present invention is not particularly necessary when there is no fear that the heat insulating material will fall off due to a protective tube of a type that accommodates the whole as shown in FIG. However, when such a storage type protection tube is not used, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a wire or a heat-resistant material (for example, SUS or the like) for sufficiently fixing the heat insulating material is used. It is preferable to use a fixing member such as a ribbon. However, the present invention is not limited to these fixing members. For example, the fixing members may be fixed using a high-temperature heat-resistant bonding (adhesive) agent, or they may be used in combination. Not something.

In the injection lance of the present invention, when the above-mentioned heat insulating material is provided around, a protective tube for protecting these (the lance main body portion, the nozzle portion, the heat insulating material) is provided on the outer peripheral portion thereof. Is preferred. This is because, when the lance for injection is inserted into the opening, if the heat insulating material is exposed to the outermost part, the lance may be damaged by contact with the furnace top brick. Further, in the case of a storage type protection tube as shown in FIG. 1, there is an advantage that the heat insulating material can be prevented from falling off without using a fixing member or the like.

In the temperature control apparatus for the coke oven top space part of the present invention, the injecting fluid which can be used in the furnace includes, for example, water, steam, and inert gas (for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.). ). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferably, as described below, water is used from around the time of coal carbonization to the time of burnout, and it is preferable to use steam and / or an inert gas from around the time of burnout to the time of completion of coal charging. .

Further, in the temperature control apparatus of the coke oven top space part of the present invention, the injection lance is controlled in order to prevent water and the like from being vaporized while passing through the injection lance and becoming steam and the like. In the case of a double-pipe system, when the in-furnace blowing fluid is circulated through the inner shell and the cooling fluid is circulated through the outer shell, the cooling fluid that can be used has the above-mentioned effects. There is no particular limitation as long as it is possible, and examples thereof include air, an inert gas (eg, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and the like). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of reducing utility costs, air is preferred.

Next, in the temperature control apparatus of the coke oven top space part of the present invention, it is desirable to have a flange portion which can lock the injection lance to a part of the furnace top brick.
The flange portion may be provided on the lance main body portion, or may be provided on a connection portion between the lance main body portion and a pipe for supplying the in-furnace blowing fluid, or as shown in FIG. May be provided on the upper part of the lance, or may be provided on the lance body and the protective tube as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 (in this case, both flanges are further fastened with bolts). , Etc.) should not be particularly limited. By providing the flange portion, the injection lance can be made to have a detachable structure, and the entire injection lance is supported by being connected to a supply pipe for the in-furnace blowing fluid and the cooling fluid. In the case where the lance is suspended, the overall load applied to the connecting portion is reduced (dispersed), and the lance body portion rolls (vibrates).
This has the advantage that the generation of stress due to, for example, can be prevented.

Further, in the temperature control apparatus for the coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the gap between the furnace top brick holding the flange and the flange is closed. For the purpose of (sealing), it is desirable that a caster be provided on the peripheral portion of the flange portion. This allows
The injection lance can have a detachable structure, and the leakage of coal gas from the carbonization chamber to the outside through the gap between the opening and the injection lance can be suitably prevented.

In the temperature control apparatus for a coke oven top space of the present invention, it is preferable that an opening cover is provided on the upper opening surface of the opening. The opening cover is also used for the purpose of suitably preventing the coal gas from leaking to the outside from the carbonization chamber through the gap between the opening and the injection lance.

Next, in the temperature control device of the coke oven top space portion of the present invention, water or the like (preferably water) and steam and / or an inert gas are alternately switched as the in-furnace blowing fluid. It is desirable to provide a switching mechanism that can be used. Further, at the time of completion of coal charging and within a certain period before and after the completion of coal charging (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “at the time of completion of coal charging”), the fluid for in-furnace injection into the furnace top space is switched to perform steam and / or Alternatively, the blowing of the inert gas is stopped, and the blowing of water or the like is started. At the time of the fire, and within a certain period before and after the fire (hereinafter, also referred to simply as “at the time of the fire”), the furnace top space is started. It is preferable to perform the switching of the in-furnace blowing fluid to stop the blowing of water or the like and start the blowing of steam and / or an inert gas. Specifically, it receives a coal charging completion signal from the measurement control system, executes a switching operation of the in-furnace injection fluid for blowing water and the like into the furnace top space, and receives a fire fall signal from the same system. It is more preferable to execute a switching operation of the in-furnace blowing fluid for blowing steam and / or an inert gas into the in-furnace space. Specifically, (1) upon receiving the coal charging completion signal from the measurement and control system, the switching mechanism stops blowing steam and / or inert gas into the furnace top space, and simultaneously stops the furnace top space. A switching operation of the in-furnace injecting fluid for injecting water or the like into the furnace top space portion where the blowing of water or the like is to be started is performed. The blowing of water or the like into the furnace is stopped, and the blowing of steam and / or an inert gas is started. A switching operation is performed. Note that the coal charging completion signal from the measurement control system may not be the literal coal charging completion time, and the signal is transmitted at the time of coal charging completion as long as the operation and effect of the present invention are not impaired. May be used. Similarly, the fire signal from the measurement control system may not be a literal fire signal, but may be a fire signal as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, when the furnace temperature at the time of the fire is high, the signal may be transmitted at the time of the fire, such that the signal of the fire may be transmitted after a lapse of a certain period of time after the fire. I just need.

By providing these switching mechanisms and the measurement control system, as shown in FIG. 6, (1) water is blown in from the time when the charging of coal is completed to the time when the fire falls. The furnace top space temperature of the carbonization chamber can be controlled to a predetermined temperature, and the generation of carbon adhering to the ceiling and furnace wall facing the furnace top space part of the carbonization chamber and the inner wall surface of the riser pipe that occurred during carbonization can be prevented. Can be suppressed. More specifically, by blowing water or the like during the above period by the apparatus configuration of the present invention,
In response to a rapid change in furnace temperature during the carbonization period as shown in FIG. 6, a very narrow range of 700 to 800 ° C. in the furnace top space where the carbon growth rate is always the lowest during the carbonization period as shown in FIG. And the carbon growth rate, which is extremely temperature-dependent, can be suppressed. On the other hand, by blowing steam or an inert gas during carbonization, it is possible to suppress the generation of adhering carbon. However, compared to water or the like, the effect of reducing the temperature of the furnace top space due to heat of vaporization is extremely small. Therefore, in response to a rapid temperature rise change in the furnace top space during the carbonization period as shown in FIG. 6, an extremely narrow range of 700 to 800 ° C. where the carbon growth rate is always lowest as shown in FIG. 5 during the carbonization period. , It is difficult to control the carbon growth rate, which is extremely strong in temperature dependence, and the same problem as in the related art occurs.
On the other hand, during the period from (2) the time of the burnout to the time of the completion of the charging of coal, steam and / or inert gas is blown into the opening of the furnace top brick between the charging inlets of the coke oven carbonization chamber. It is possible to prevent thermal damage to the tip nozzle portion of the provided injection lance. As shown in FIG. 6, although the temperature of the space decreases after a fire falls, if the steam and / or the inert gas are not supplied to the nozzle, the nozzle may be thermally damaged. This is because it has a sufficient temperature. However, since the amount of generation of hydrocarbons such as tar becomes extremely small after the burnout, the temperature dependence of deposited carbon growth as shown in FIG.
As in the case of the above (1), it is not necessary to always control the temperature in a narrow and low temperature range. Therefore, it is not necessary to blow water or the like having a large temperature reduction effect, and also, as shown in FIG. Where water is continuously blown in, the temperature drop is further accelerated, the surface layer of the charged coal does not coke well, and the progress of carbonization of the coal is delayed, and the coke strength is reduced. May be reduced. In addition, there is a case where the coke burnout in the horizontal direction is insufficient, and the resistance when extruding coke at the end of the carbonization increases. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, since the furnace temperature decreases over time, the concentration of hydrocarbons in the coke oven gas is not reduced even if water or an inert gas is simply blown in without using water or the like. Therefore, it is excellent in that an effect sufficient to effectively and effectively suppress the generation of the attached carbon during this period can be obtained. Here, the "temperature of the furnace top space" means the main part of the temperature control device of the coke furnace furnace space of the present invention in FIG.
Thermometers 433a to 433 provided at each part of the coking chamber in the furnace length direction
The individual values of the readings from e or the average values thereof are referred to. As shown in FIG. 6, the term "fire fall" refers to a time when the temperature of the furnace top space, which tends to rise after the completion of coal charging, starts to decrease.

The switching mechanism and the measurement control system are not particularly limited, and a conventionally known switching technique and measurement control technique of the ejection fluid (liquid and gas) may be appropriately combined and used. it can. Hereinafter, these typical embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a view showing a main part of a temperature control device for a coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1; The portion formed by installing a single-tube lance as a lance for injection of a blowing fluid is simplified, and the entire configuration of the apparatus of the present invention is schematically represented for one carbonization chamber having four charging ports. It is a schematic diagram.

As shown in FIG. 1 to No. As for one arbitrary carbonization chamber (not shown) having four inlets 401a to 401d, the main body of the injection lance corresponds to the furnace top brick (not shown) between the three inlets. 113a-1
13c and supply pipes 121a to 121c for supplying the in-furnace blowing fluid are provided. In addition, the lance main body portion extends at the connection portion between the lance main body portions 113a to 113c and the supply pipes 121a to 121c for the in-furnace blowing fluid in consideration of the thermal expansion and the like of the lance main body portions 113a to 113c. It is desirable to use the flexible tubes 403a to 403c respectively so as to be able to follow this.

Pipes 121a to 121 for supplying the fluid for in-furnace injection
Corresponding to c, the furnace top space temperature is always defined as 700 to 80 from the time when the charging of coal is completed to the time when the fire falls.
In order to control the temperature within the range of 0 ° C., the purified water supply branch pipes 405a to 405 provided with various valves and a flow controller are provided so that the purified water can be blown into the furnace top space while controlling the flow rate.
and c, during the period from the time of the burnout to the time of the completion of the charging of coal, injecting steam into the furnace top space while adjusting the pressure in order to prevent heat loss of the injection lance and to suppress the growth of attached carbon. For the sake of brevity, steam supply branch pipes 407a to 407c provided with various valves and the like for injecting steam are provided. Specifically, on the path of the purified water supply branch pipes 405a to 405c, the purified water supply section 41 of the supply source is provided.
From the first side (via a common booster pump 409), valves 415a to 415c, flow meters 417a to 417c, flow control valves 419a to 419c, pressure gauges 421a to 421c, and check valves 423a to 423 are respectively provided.
23c is provided. Each steam supply branch pipe 407a-4
Valves 425a to 425c, pressure reducing valves 427a to 427c, and a pressure gauge
429a to 429c and shutoff valves (for purging) 431a to 431c are provided. In addition, the branch pipes 405a-4
05c is finally collected into one pipe 405 and connected to the purified water supply unit 411 via the pressure increasing pump 409. Further, the steam supply branch pipes 407a to 407c are also finally combined into one pipe 407 and connected to the steam supply unit 413. In the present embodiment, since economic effects such as installation cost and running cost reduction by reducing the number of devices are exhibited, the embodiment in which the devices are finally combined into one purified water supply unit or steam supply unit is shown. Since the available space of the existing equipment can be effectively used by taking advantage of the possibility of downsizing the supply unit and the booster pump, there is a particular restriction, such as using a separate water purification supply unit or steam supply unit for each branch pipe. It is not something to be done.

As a measurement control system (measurement control system), as shown by a broken line in FIG.
Flow meters 417a to 417c provided on the paths of 405a to 405c
And flow control valves 419a to 419c are flow control controllers (FC
It is connected to the instrumentation control system unit 435 via I). Further, shut-off valves (for purging) 431 a to 431 c provided on the path of the steam supply branch pipes 407 a to 407 c are connected to the instrumentation control system unit 435. Further, thermometers 433a to 433e provided at each part (five places) in the furnace length direction for measuring the furnace top space temperature of the carbonization chamber are provided with an instrumentation control system part 435.
It is connected to the. A temperature detector installed at the outlet of the riser to detect the temperature of the generated gas coming out of the riser
437 is connected to the instrumentation control system unit 435 via the ACC (Auto Combustion Control) system control unit 439. Also, a seal damper provided at the outlet of the riser
Reference numeral 441 is connected to the instrumentation control system unit 435 via the electric control system unit 443.

In the method of controlling the temperature of the coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention, with the above-described apparatus configuration, purified water and steam are supplied from the measurement control system to the coal charging completion signal or the fire drop signal from the measurement control system. And can be used alternately in response to the request. Among them, (1) in order to switch to using purified water as a fluid for injecting into the furnace in response to a coal charging completion signal from the measurement control system, the electric control system unit 443 sends a signal to the electric control system unit 443 based on the charging completion signal from the charging vehicle. It is determined that the charging of coal has been completed, and if the kiln matches the kiln in the operation plan, the instrumentation control system 43
The coal charging completion signal is sent via 5 and, in response to this, the shut-off valves (for purging) 431a to 431c that have been opened are closed, and the closed flow control valves 419a to 419c are opened.
(2) In order to switch to using steam as a fluid for blowing into the furnace in response to a fire fall-off signal from the measurement control system, the ACC system control unit 439 may be used based on the temperature detection value of the generated gas by the temperature detector 437. Judgment of fire
A fire signal is sent via the instrumentation control system 435,
In response to this, the operation of closing the opened flow control valves 419a to 419c and opening the closed shutoff valves (for purging) 431a to 431c is performed.

Further, from the time when the charging of coal is completed to the time when the fire falls, the furnace top space temperature is always set to 700 to
Thermometers 433a provided at each part (five places) in the furnace length direction of the carbonization chamber so that the temperature can be controlled within the range of 750 ° C
-433e each temperature data and branch pipe 405 for water supply
From the flow rate data from the flow meters 417a to 417c provided on the paths a to 405c, the temperature change of the furnace top space of each part with respect to the flow rate of the purified water blown into the furnace long space from each injection lance is always controlled. While monitoring (arithmetic processing) in the system unit 435, on the path of the purified water supply branch pipes 405a to 405c via the flow rate controller (FCI) so that the furnace top space temperature always becomes the center value of the above temperature range. Are individually operated to adjust the flow rates of purified water blown into the furnace top space from the respective injection lances.

It is needless to say that the method of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

For example, to determine the completion of the coal charging, the weight change by the load cell provided in the coal charging hopper, the time by the timer provided in the coal charging hopper, and the measuring sensor provided in the coal charging hopper are determined. Changes in height (coal volume), back pressure detection type level meters, and the like.

Further, in order to judge the above-mentioned burn-out, the temperature of the gas generated by the generated gas temperature detecting end 437 (FIG. 4) provided at the outlet of the riser pipe and the gas generated by the light transmission type concentration detector provided at the riser pipe are determined. And a method based on a change in tar concentration in the medium.

Next, in any of the apparatus and method for controlling the temperature of the coke oven top space according to the present invention, the importance of the temperature control of the furnace top space between the time when coal charging is completed and the time when the fire falls is described. Suitable temperature ranges have already been mentioned in the description and are described in more detail below.

First, the heat of the carbonization product gas (also referred to as coal gas or coke oven gas) generated when coal is carbonized in a coke oven (here, between the time of completion of coal charging and the time of fire fall). It is already known that, when the temperature becomes equal to or higher than a certain temperature due to a decomposition reaction (polymerization reaction), the amount of carbon adhering to the brick surface in the carbonization chamber rapidly increases as the temperature increases. FIG. 5 shows the result of investigation on the relationship between the growth rate of carbon adhering to the surface of the brick piece due to the thermal decomposition and the temperature. Furthermore, when the temperature falls below a certain temperature, contrary to the pyrolysis reaction which the present inventor has known, when the carbonization is carried out (between the time of completion of charging of coal and the time of burning down), tar in coal gas is reduced. Since the amount of carbon attached to the brick surface in the carbonization chamber rapidly increases with decreasing temperature due to condensation, we investigated the relationship between the growth rate of carbon attached to the surface of the brick piece due to the condensation of tar and the temperature, and FIG. 5 shows a graph that has been combined into one.

In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents the temperature indicated by the thermometer, and the vertical axis represents the growth rate of the deposited carbon per unit time in terms of the mass per unit surface area of the brick piece. As shown in FIG. 5, the carbon growth rate starts to increase gradually from a temperature exceeding approximately 750 ° C. due to a thermal decomposition reaction (polymerization reaction), and rapidly increases as the temperature increases from a temperature exceeding 800 ° C. On the other hand, the carbon growth rate starts to gradually increase from about below 750 ° C. due to the condensation of tar, and rapidly increases as the temperature decreases from below about 700 ° C.

The temperature of the furnace top space (including the base of the riser) of the coking chamber of the coke oven varies depending on the operation rate or the furnace temperature.
When the number of times coke is extruded per day × 100) is high, the amount of carbon adhering to the brick surface in the furnace top space in the coke oven increases, but in such a case, the furnace top space in the coke oven in the coke oven is increased. When the ambient temperature (including the riser base) is measured, it shows a high temperature of, for example, 800 to 950 ° C. Therefore, according to the results of FIG. 5, by maintaining the ambient temperature of the furnace top space (including the riser base) in the carbonization chamber at 800 ° C. or less, preferably 750 ° C. or less, the pyrolysis reaction (polymerization reaction) The rate of carbon growth on the brick surface can be greatly reduced.

On the other hand, at the time of carbonization (from the time when the charging of coal is completed to the time when the fire falls), the temperature of the furnace top space cannot be reduced as much as possible. According to the results of the above, the atmosphere temperature of the furnace top space (including the riser base) in the carbonization chamber is 700 ° C. or more, preferably 720 ° C.
By maintaining the above, the rate of carbon deposition on the brick surface due to condensation of tar can be significantly reduced. If the temperature is 700 ° C. or more, the protection of bricks in the carbonization chamber, the prevention of dry distillation of coal and the prevention of coke extrudability, the decrease in temperature, the amount of tar condensed in the coke oven gas sharply increases, and the growth rate of deposited carbon increases. Such a problem does not occur because the temperature is sufficient to prevent the occurrence of such a problem. On the other hand, when the temperature is lower than 700 ° C., the carbon deposition rate is sharply increased, and the surface layer portion of the charged coal is not well formed into coke, so that the progress of carbonization of the coal is delayed, and the coke strength is reduced. In addition, the coke burnout in the horizontal direction is insufficient, and the resistance when extruding coke at the end of carbonization increases.

Therefore, the atmosphere temperature (gas temperature) of the furnace top space (including the riser base) in the carbonization chamber when carbonizing (from the time when coal charging is completed to the time when the fire falls) is determined according to the present invention. By controlling the temperature by blowing water or the like into the furnace space by using an apparatus or a method, 700 to 750 ° C.
Preferably, the temperature is adjusted to be in the range of 720 to 730 ° C.

The rate of growth of carbon adhering to the brick surface during dry distillation (between the time of completion of charging of coal and the time of burning down) has a very large temperature dependency, so that it can be suppressed to a very low level by controlling the temperature. Although it is possible, if necessary, other than the temperature, for example, a document (Journal of Fuel Association, 48th
Volume, p. 732, 1969), the carbon growth rate increases as the volatile content of the charged coal increases and as the volatile content of the charged coal decreases. Speed increases, the temperature of the brick surface to which carbon adheres and the volatile matter of the charged coal are reduced by some method, the moisture of the charged coal is increased, and the amount of carbon adhering to the brick surface in the coke oven is updated. Further reduction may be achieved.

In addition, when the carbonization is performed (between the time when coal charging is completed and the time when the fire falls), water is poured into the coke oven.
It is generally prohibited because rapid temperature change of the brick induces destruction due to expansion and contraction and delay in carbonization of coal charged near the furnace top. However, when the atomized droplets are injected from the injection lance into the furnace top space (including the riser base) of the carbonization chamber of the operating coke oven, the furnace top space is 800 to 950 ° C. Because of the high temperature, it is vaporized while flying in the furnace top space, and does not drop or come into contact with the bricks on the furnace wall or the coke surface as it is, causing no damage to the bricks or delay in carbonization. In addition, by using a nozzle that can be sprayed in a fan shape, it is possible to prevent the sprayed droplets from directly contacting the furnace wall brick surface.

The use of steam instead of water as the fluid to be blown into the furnace allows water to be sprayed into the furnace using a normal pipe or the like without using a nozzle portion. There is a merit to use water and water as it is.
Injecting steam can also be expected to have a diluting effect on the carbonization product gas, a carbon removing effect on the brick surface in the coke oven due to the reaction of C + H ₂ O = CO + H _2, and a temperature decrease due to an endothermic reaction. In the following, since the progress of the reaction is extremely slow, the effect of suppressing the carbon adhesion is reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, water and the like are used during carbonization (from around the time when coal charging is completed to around the time of burning), and after carbonization (from around the time of burning down to around the time of completion of coal charging), steam is vaporized. And the like are preferably used. That is, after the carbonization (from the time of burning down to the time of completion of coal charging), there is no clear relationship between the temperature and the carbon growth rate as described above. It is not necessary to control the ambient temperature (including the riser tube base) (gas temperature). Rather, blowing water with a large temperature-reducing effect during this time may affect the quality (strength, reactivity, etc.) of coke, so it is preferable to use water vapor or an inert gas that has little effect on temperature. .

Next, at the time of carbonization (from the time when the charging of coal is completed to the time when the fire falls), the blowing speed (flow rate) of water or the like into the furnace top space of the carbonization chamber is determined by the above furnace top temperature. 700-750
It is desirable to adjust the flow rate appropriately for each nozzle so as to be in the range of ° C. Also, since the flow rate varies depending on the size of the furnace top space and the number of nozzles installed, it cannot be uniquely defined. As an example for reference, in the case of a coke oven for carbonizing preheated coal having a moisture content of 1% or less in the charged coal, usually 0.5 to 3 liters / minute, preferably 0.8 to 2 liters / minute, More preferably 1 to 1.5
L / min. If the blowing speed of water or the like is less than 0.5 l / min, it is not preferable because a sufficient effect of lowering the furnace top space temperature may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the blowing speed of water or the like exceeds 3 liters / minute,
This is not preferable because the temperature in the furnace top space is greatly reduced, which may cause undried distillation of the surface layer.

In addition, the steaming rate of steam and / or inert gas after carbonization (from the time of burning down to the time of completion of charging coal) varies depending on the size of the carbonization chamber and its furnace top space. Therefore, it cannot be defined uniquely, but as an example for reference, in the case of a coke oven charged with the above-mentioned preheated coal, it is usually 1500 to 5000 liter / min, preferably 2000 to 4000 liter / min.
Min, more preferably 2500 to 3000 l / min. If the steam and / or inert gas blowing rate is less than 1500 liters / minute, the nozzle head may be damaged when the furnace top space temperature is high. On the other hand, when the blowing rate of steam and / or inert gas exceeds 5000 liters / minute, it is not preferable because the cost of producing coke increases with an increase in the amount of steam and / or inert gas used.

[0073]

An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a coke oven for carbonizing preheated coal will be described. When the test in this example was performed, the operating rate of the coke oven was 135%, and the charged amount of coal was about 30 tons (dry amount). The characteristics of the charged coal are as follows: volatile matter 26.5 mass%, moisture 0.3 mass%
(Preheated coal), the particle size of the coal is 3% or less and 93%.
During the execution of this example, the operation of the coke oven and the properties of the charged coal were kept as constant as possible.

One blowing lance is provided at each of the central portions in the furnace length direction and the central portion in the furnace width direction between the four inlets in the carbonization chamber, and water is supplied from each lance at a rate of 0.5 L / min. FIG. 8 shows the measurement results of the furnace top space temperature and the attached carbon growth rate when blowing from the completion of the charging of coal to the burning down at a rate of (total 1.5 L / min). Here, the furnace top space temperature is
It means the average value of the readings of the thermometers 433a to 433e shown in FIG. 4, and the attached carbon growth rate is the same as that described in JP-A-9-104869.
The test piece was inserted from the coal inlet and the amount of carbon adhered to the test piece, the insertion time into the furnace (burn from the completion of coal charging), and the outer surface area of the test piece before carbon adhesion were determined based on each value. It is a calculated value.

When water was blown into the furnace top space by the method of the present invention, the temperature of the furnace top space was lowered over the entire length of the furnace as compared with the case where there was no blowing fluid, and the adhered carbon Growth rates have also dropped significantly. When 1000 L / min (total 3000 L / min) was blown from each lance as the blown fluid as steam, a decrease in the temperature of the furnace top space and a decrease in the growth rate of attached carbon were observed. In comparison, it is clear that the effect of suppressing carbon adhesion is small.

Table 1 shows quantitatively the effect of reducing the amount of carbon adhering to the furnace top space on manpower work on the furnace according to the present invention. Specifically, it is necessary to perform the manual operation of removing carbon adhering to the inside of the carbonization chamber every three days on average (no fluid is introduced into the interior of the carbonization chamber). However, when water is blown, the operation is performed every 12 to 15 days. Can be extended, meaning less manual work. In addition, when 1000 L / min (total 3000 L / min) was blown from each lance as the blown fluid as steam, the carbon removal work cycle was 4 days, which was improved as compared with the case where the fluid was not blown. It is clear that there is a big difference compared to when water is blown.

Table 1 also shows the results of a survey on the incidence of clogging of the base of the riser as an effect on the actual furnace operation according to the present invention. Here, "blockage of the riser base" means "carbon adhering to the inner wall surface of the riser base during carbonization (reference numeral 713 in FIG. 7).
Remarkably grows, thereby blocking the outlet path of the carbonization gas to the outside of the furnace. In addition, the `` clogging rate '' means the ratio of the number of kilns in which the riser tube base was actually clogged during carbonization of the number of kilns charged with coal, and the lower the ratio, the more preferable in operation. I can say. As shown in Table 1,
In the absence of the blowing fluid, the incidence was 86%, but when water was blown, the incidence dropped to 4%. When steam is used as the fluid, the generation rate is 74%.
This is an improvement over the case where no fluid is blown, but it is clear that the effect is significantly different from the case where water is used.

[0078]

[Table 1]

FIG. 9 shows the results of an investigation on the effect on the furnace head space temperature (vertical axis) when the amount of coal charged (horizontal axis) was changed. Here, the furnace top space temperature is an average value of the readings of the thermometers 433a to 433e shown in FIG. 4, as described above. In general, it is known that the furnace top space temperature rises when the amount of coal charged into the coking chamber is reduced. However, as shown in FIG.
When the temperature is reduced to 0 tons or less, the temperature of the furnace top space becomes 90%.
There is a possibility that the temperature may exceed 0 ° C., and there is a concern that frequent troubles may occur due to a remarkable increase in the carbon deposition amount.

On the other hand, when water was blown, the temperature in the furnace top space was 750 even if the amount of coal charged was reduced to 27 tons.
℃ or less, and even if the coal charge decreases for some reason, troubles caused by a sudden increase in the amount of deposited carbon are reduced. The case where the blowing fluid was blown as steam at 1000 L / min (total 3000 L / min) from each lance was also described. However, as described above, the effect of lowering the temperature in the furnace top space was small, and the amount of coal charged was reduced. It is clear that the effect of alleviating the increase in the furnace top space temperature is smaller than that when water is blown.

In general, when the coke extrusion load in the kiln increases, the amount of coal charged into the kiln is reduced, and an operation for reducing the coke extrusion load in the next dry distillation is aimed at. However, such an operation has a very high possibility of causing a vicious cycle in which the space temperature is further increased and the carbon deposition amount is increased. By atomizing and blowing water into the furnace top space of the carbonization chamber according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to alleviate the temperature rise in the furnace top space due to the decrease in the amount of charged coal. It can be said that the effect of preventing trouble due to an increase in the amount is extremely large.

[0082]

According to the method and the apparatus for controlling the temperature of the top space of a coke oven according to the present invention, while the coal is carbonized in the coke oven (until the fire falls), the ceiling, furnace wall and rise of the carbonization chamber in the top space of the coke oven. Generation of carbon adhered to the inner wall surface of the pipe can be suppressed. Further, even after a fire, heat loss and clogging of the nozzle can be prevented.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing a main part of a temperature control device for a coke oven top space part of the present invention, in which an opening is provided in a furnace top brick between charging ports of a coke oven carbonization chamber, and the coke oven carbonization chamber is provided in the opening. A typical embodiment of a portion in which a single-tube lance is installed as a lance for injecting a fluid (hereinafter, also simply referred to as an in-furnace blowing fluid) to be blown into a furnace top space or a carbonization chamber of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a main part of a temperature control device for a coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention, in which an opening is provided in a furnace top brick between charging ports of a coke oven carbonization chamber, and an in-furnace blowing fluid is provided in the opening. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a representative embodiment of a portion provided with a double-pipe lance as an injection lance.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing a tip nozzle portion of a double-tube lance of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view showing a main part of a temperature control device for a coke oven furnace top space according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1; an opening is provided in a furnace top brick between charging inlets of a coke oven carbonization chamber; The portion formed by installing a single-tube lance as a lance for injection of a blowing fluid is simplified, and the entire configuration of the apparatus of the present invention is schematically represented for one carbonization chamber having four charging ports. It is a schematic diagram.

FIG. 5 is a drawing showing a relationship between a carbon deposition rate on a brick surface (a ceiling, a furnace wall, and an inner wall surface of a rising pipe) in a furnace top space of a coking chamber of a coke oven and a temperature of a furnace top space.

FIG. 6 is a drawing showing a typical example of the relationship between the elapsed time of carbonization from the completion of charging coal in a coke oven to the discharge of coke and the furnace temperature.

FIG. 7 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a state of carbon adhering to a brick surface in a furnace top space when carbonizing coal in a conventional coke oven.

FIG. 8 shows the measurement results of the temperature of the furnace top space and the attached carbon growth rate when coal was blown from completion of charging to burning down in this example.

FIG. 9 shows the results of investigating the effect on the furnace top space temperature (vertical axis) when the amount of coal charged (horizontal axis) is changed in this example.

[Explanation of symbols]

101: Coke oven carbonization chamber, 103: Furnace top brick between charging ports, 105: Cylindrical upper opening, 1
07: cylindrical lower opening, 109: injection lance,
111: Upper flange, 112: Opening lid,
113, 113a to 113c ... Lance body (single tube method), 115 ...
Insulation material, 117 ... Protective tube, 119
... Nozzle part, 121, 121a to 121c ... Piping for supply of fluid to be blown into the furnace, 123 ... Caster, 201
… Coke oven carbonization room, 203… Blast furnace brick between the loading port,
205: cylindrical upper opening, 207: cylindrical lower opening, 209: injection lance, 211: upper flange, 212: opening lid, 213: lance body (double pipe), 215 ... Insulation material, 216… Insulation material fixing member, 217… Protective tube, 219… Nozzle part, 221… Pipe for supply of fluid for blowing into furnace, 223… Caster,
231 ... inner shell, 233 ... outer shell,
235… Inlet pipe, 237… Outlet pipe,
239… partition plate, 241… communication port,
243: lid, 401a-401d: loading entrance, 403a-403c ...
Flexible tubes, 405a to 405c: Branch piping for supplying purified water, 407a to 407c: Branch piping for supplying steam, 409 ... Booster pump, 411 ...
Steam supply unit, 415a to 415c: valve, 417a to 417c: flow meter, 419a to 41
9c: Flow control valve, 421a to 421c: Pressure gauge,
423a-423c: check valve, 425a-425c: valve,
427a to 427c: pressure reducing valve, 429a to 429c
... pressure gauge, 431a-431c ... shut-off valve (for purging), 433a-433e ... thermometer, 435
… Instrumentation control system part, 437… Temperature detection end,
439: ACC system control unit, 441: Seal damper, 443: Electric control system unit, 7
01: coke oven carbonization chamber, 703: coke, 705: furnace top space, 707: gas path of furnace lid, 709: riser, 71
1 ... riser base, 713 ... carbon
715: Furnace brick, 717 ... Lid,
719 ... Extruder.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshimasa Kamada 12 Nakamachi, Muroran-shi, Hokkaido Inside Nippon Steel Corporation Muroran Works

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A coke oven top characterized in that an opening is provided in a furnace top brick between charging ports of a coke oven carbonization chamber, and a lance for injecting a furnace blowing fluid is installed in the opening. Space temperature control device. 2. In order to prevent water, which is one type of the in-furnace injection fluid, from evaporating into water vapor while passing through the injection lance, the injection lance is formed as a double pipe system. The temperature control device for a coke oven top space according to claim 1, wherein the in-furnace blowing fluid flows through the inner shell, and the cooling fluid flows through the outer shell. 3. A coke oven top according to claim 1 or 2, wherein water and steam and / or an inert gas are alternately used as the in-furnace blowing fluid. How to control the temperature of the space. 4. Switching of the in-furnace blowing fluid to the furnace top space within a fixed period before and after completion of coal charging to stop blowing of steam and / or inert gas and water Is started, and the inside-furnace blowing fluid is switched to the inside of the furnace within a certain period before and after the fire falls, so that the blowing of water is stopped and water vapor and / or inert gas is removed. 4. The method of controlling a temperature in a coke oven furnace top space according to claim 3, wherein blowing of air is started. 5. A switching operation of a fluid for in-furnace injection for blowing water into a furnace top space in response to a coal charging completion signal from the measurement control system. A method for controlling a temperature in a coke oven furnace top space portion, wherein a switching operation of a furnace injection fluid for injecting steam and / or an inert gas into the inner space portion is performed.