JP2002365589A - Three-dimensional display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small three-dimensional display device which has wide- viewing angle, enables observation without wearing spectacles because it is easy to look into owing to a long eye relief, and enables stereoscopic vision by displaying images with a parallax as right and left images. SOLUTION: The three-dimensional display device has a display panel 10 and a magnifying optical system, and the display panel 10 is constituted, so that right and left images are eccentrically displayed in the longitudinal direction with each other. The magnifying optical system has right and left observation optical systems; the right and left observation optical systems have optical axes which are eccentric to each other and have effective diameters including each optical axis; and the right optical system 12R exerts imaging action to luminous flux from the right image, and the left optical system 12L exerts the imaging action with respect to luminous flux from the left image.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Electronic image display devices include small observation devices such as FMD (face mount display) and HMD (head mount display), and monitor type image display devices. Of those electronic image display devices,
Recently developed small observation devices such as FMD and HMD are systems in which observation optical systems separately configured for the left and right eyes are arranged very close to the left and right eyes, respectively, and an image is presented to the observer. The image display device described above, which displays a stereoscopic image with parallax as left and right images so that an observer can perform stereoscopic observation.

[0003] However, this type of image display device is not only complicated in that it is necessary to wear spectacles and the like when used, but also has a wide field of view and a long eye relief at the same time. There is a drawback that you can not. Because
Because of the physical interference of the left and right optical systems and the physical interference of the left and right display elements, the wider the angle of view of the field of view, the shorter the distance from the position where the left and right luminous fluxes overlap to the eye, This is because a long eye relief cannot be secured.

Regarding the restriction of these physical interferences, in a microscope described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-338412, a proposal has been made to secure the maximum effective diameter of the optical system by bonding right and left magnifying optical systems together. It has been done. In addition, the left and right images are divided and displayed on one display panel to avoid physical interference between the left and right display elements. However, even with this type of microscope, it has been insufficient to ensure both a wide angle of view and a long eye relief.

On the other hand, a conventional monitor-type image display device sequentially displays left and right images on one monitor, and further selects images corresponding to the left and right eyes via another means. The presentation allows the observer to perform stereoscopic observation. For example, the observer wears spectacles having a shutter function for sequentially switching left and right, and simultaneously performs left and right switching by the shutter function of the spectacles and synchronizes the left and right images sequentially displayed on one monitor by the observer. It realizes stereoscopic observation. However, this method also has drawbacks that the apparatus is extremely large in order to obtain a wide angle of view, in addition to being complicated since the wearing of glasses is required.
The distance from the observer to the display element should be at least as far as the diopter which makes the observer less tiring, and this type of image display device is not preferable because the device becomes huge.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-267045 discloses that an optical system for independently injecting left and right images into left and right eye positions is provided on a display element side so that an observer can wear glasses. There has been proposed a display device which does not need to be mounted. However, this display device also has a lens surface at the screen position of the projected image, does not include an optical system between the screen and both eyes, and at least the distance from the observer to the display element does not make the observer tired. In order to obtain a diopter, the distance to the screen should be 300 mm or more, preferably 1000 mm or more, which is not preferable because the apparatus becomes large.

[0007]

Accordingly, the present invention has a wide angle of view, a long eye relief, is easy to see, can be observed without glasses, and displays images with parallax as left and right images. Accordingly, it is an object to provide a small stereoscopic display device capable of stereoscopic viewing.

[0008]

The three-dimensional display device according to the first aspect of the present invention has a display panel and a magnifying optical system, and the display panel displays left and right images eccentric to each other in the left-right direction. And the magnifying optical system is configured as follows:
It has left and right observation optical systems, and the left and right observation optical systems have optical axes decentered from each other, have an effective diameter including the optical axes of each other, and the right optical system has a light flux from the right image. The optical system on the left side forms an image on a light beam from the left image.

The three-dimensional display device according to the second aspect of the present invention provides a display element for displaying left and right images in a time-division manner, a magnifying optical system for forming an intermediate image, and switching of an optical path arranged at the intermediate image position. And an observation optical system having an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths disposed between the intermediate image and the observer. At the intermediate image position, the left and right optical paths are switched, and the left and right eyes are switched. Is characterized in that the pupil is imaged at the center.

A description will be given with reference to FIG. 1 showing the overall configuration of a device employing the stereoscopic display device of the present invention. As an image input device to which the present invention is applied, a surgical microscope 1 shown in FIG.
Or a stereoscopic endoscope 2 or a conventional example of JP-A-2000-3384.
There is a 3D image forming apparatus as described in FIG. In these devices, as a display device that displays an image having parallax, the following configuration enables 3D display of a wide-angle field of view while keeping the eye point high.

In the first aspect of the invention, in order to avoid the problem of interference between the optical systems, the left and right optical systems for independently forming left and right images are superimposed in the same space while being eccentric. In order to avoid interference between the display elements, the left and right images are displayed on the same display element (display panel), or the two optical axes of the left and right optical systems are selected and displayed on separate display elements. To display the left and right images.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, an eyepiece having an optical axis common to the left and right and a relay optical system for forming an intermediate image of an image on the display element in front of the eyepiece are provided. I do. The correspondence between the left and right eyes and the left and right images is configured as follows so that the pupils of the left and right images at the intermediate imaging position are different. The left and right images are sequentially displayed in chronological order as the intermediate image, and the optical path is sequentially separated into the left and right optical paths at the image forming position of the intermediate image in accordance with the display timing. Or, as an intermediate image, while sequentially displaying the left and right images in chronological order, in accordance with the above timing,
The optical path is sequentially separated into right and left optical paths at the image forming position of the intermediate image using the polarization characteristics. Alternatively, a projection optical system for projecting an intermediate image employs an optical system including a pupil combining optical system and left and right image display elements, and is separated into left and right optical paths on an image forming plane due to a difference in left and right pupil positions. To

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention. The stereoscopic display device of the present invention is configured as a display device 3 of the surgical microscope 1. The operating microscope 1
An optical image input unit is provided so that a stereoscopic image of the operation unit having parallax can be captured.
At the same time, the display device 3 is provided as an image display unit, and an image obtained by the optical image input unit is displayed as a stereoscopic image to an observer. The image display unit is formed in a so-called goggle shape, so that the observer can observe a stereoscopic image only by placing his or her eyes at the observation position without wearing the goggles. The optical image input unit and the image display unit are electrically connected, and are configured to be able to move their positions independently. Therefore,
The observer can move the position of the goggle-shaped display device 3 so that the observer can observe in an easy-to-view posture.

Further, the stereoscopic display device of the present invention is also configured as the display device 4 of the stereoscopic endoscope 2. The stereoscopic endoscope 2 includes an optical image input unit, and is capable of capturing a stereoscopic image of the operation unit having parallax with each other. The display device 4 is attached to a control device connected to the stereoscopic endoscope 2, so that the observer can observe a stereoscopic image only by placing his or her eyes at the observation position.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of a portion related to the formation of a stereoscopic image in the optical system of the surgical microscope according to the present invention. The operating microscope includes an objective lens 5 and an afocal zoom optical system 6 on each side from the subject side.
, An imaging lens 7 and an imaging camera 8. The objective lens 5 changes the light beam from the object into an afocal light beam, the afocal zoom optical system 6 changes the magnification, and the left and right imaging lenses 7 focus the image on the imaging positions of the corresponding left and right imaging cameras 8. Form an image. And, since the afocal zoom optical system 6, the imaging lens 7, and the imaging camera 8 are separately configured on the left and right,
It is possible to capture stereoscopic images having parallax with each other. The configuration of this portion is general, and is common to each of the embodiments described below.

The image picked up by the image pickup camera 8 is output to the camera control unit 9 as a video signal, and the image output as the video signal by the camera control unit 9 is output to the display panel by the method shown in each of the following embodiments. Is displayed.

First, first to third embodiments of the present invention will be described.
A ninth embodiment will be described. First Embodiment FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an optical element used in the stereoscopic display device of the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram of the stereoscopic display device of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the stereoscopic display device of the first embodiment includes one display panel 10 and a polarization direction control element 1.
1, an optical system 12L for the left optical path, and an optical system 1 for the right optical path
2R.

On the panel surface of the display panel 10, left and right images are sequentially displayed in chronological order. This is shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). In this embodiment,
The combination of the display panel 10 and the polarization direction control element 11 shown in FIG. 4 is configured so that light for forming left and right images is displayed as components whose polarization states are orthogonal to each other. As the display panel 10, a panel having its own polarization characteristics, such as a liquid crystal display panel, is used. As the polarization direction control element 11, a polarization direction rotation element made of liquid crystal is used. The display panel 10 has various other configuration methods. For example, when a non-polarized light emitting panel is used as the display panel 10, the display panel 10 is configured to be able to selectively control orthogonal polarization components.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
The video signals of the left and right images are alternately switched by the switching device 13 and displayed on the same display panel 10. The switching device 13 and the driving unit 14 of the polarization direction control element are synchronized, and the polarization directions are switched in synchronization with the switching of the left and right images, and the left and right images are displayed as linear polarization components orthogonal to each other. You can do it.

As shown in FIG. 4, the optical system 12 for the left optical path
L and the optical system 12R for the right optical path are configured so that their optical axes are shifted from each other. The display panel 10 displays a left image on the panel surface at a position on the optical axis of the optical system 12L for the left optical path, and displays a right image on a panel surface at a position on the optical axis of the optical system for the right optical path. It is supposed to. The optical system for the left optical path and the optical system for the right optical path are configured such that an image-forming operation works independently and independently on one of the two polarization components orthogonal to each other. Thus, the left image is
An image is formed only by the optical system for the left optical path, and the image is formed on the optical axis of the optical system for the left optical path without being affected by the optical system for the right optical path. An image is formed only by the optical system for the optical path, and an image is formed on the optical axis of the optical system for the left optical path without being affected by the optical system for the left optical path.

According to the present embodiment, an optical system for the left optical path,
Since the optical system for the right optical path acts separately on one of the polarization components orthogonal to each other, it is independent even if the elements are stacked so as to pass through the common optical path O. An optical axis can be provided. In addition, the left and right images are displayed in chronological order on the same display panel, and a part of the left and right images can be overlapped and displayed, causing physical interference between the left and right image display elements. Absent.

Therefore, according to the three-dimensional display device of the first embodiment in which the above-described optical system and display panel are combined, the left and right optical paths can be overlapped, and both the securing of the eye point and the wide-angle visual field can be achieved. It becomes possible. Further, according to the present embodiment, in the optical system for the left optical path and the optical system for the right optical path, aberrations at the left and right pupil positions may be independently corrected, and correction is easy, and a high-quality optical system is obtained. A system can be realized.

The optical system for a display device is, as shown in FIG.
The optical system 12R for the right optical path and the optical system 12L for the left optical path are similar in configuration to each other, but have different effects on polarized light. The optical system 12R for the right optical path and the optical system 12L for the left optical path are respectively provided in a transparent plate 15 of an alignment substrate, a transparent lens plate 16 having a Fresnel lens surface having an eccentric optical axis, and both plates. And a sealed polymerized liquid crystal 17. In the polymerized liquid crystal 17, liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a specific direction according to the alignment substrate, but the alignment of the liquid crystal is fixed after the polymerization reaction proceeds.

Here, as described in Example 7 of JP-A-2000-281628, No is the refractive index of ordinary light, Ne is
Is the refractive index of extraordinary light, No = 1.508, Ne = 1.7
11, the birefringence index difference may be about 0.203. N
It is sealed with an alignment substrate having the same refractive index as that of o and a Fresnel lens, and further, the crystal optical axis of liquid crystal molecules is aligned in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens. Then, the light flux in the polarization direction parallel to the crystal optical axis of the liquid crystal has an image forming effect due to the difference in the refractive index of the medium, but the light beam in the polarization direction orthogonal to this has no refractive index difference. Does not occur. Therefore, in this embodiment,
As an optical system for the right optical path and an optical system for the left optical path, by arranging the crystal axes of the liquid crystal to be orthogonal to each other,
An optical system having a lens optical axis in which the polarization directions of the light beams are independent of each other in the right optical path and the left optical path is realized.

For example, an eye relief of 50 mm is secured,
If the angle of view is 60 degrees and the interpupillary distance is 55 mm, the left and right luminous fluxes are 5
They overlap by about mm. Also, the left and right images overlap on the display panel. In order to further increase the angle of view or to secure a large eye relief, the overlap between the left and right images becomes larger. However, according to the present embodiment, even when the left and right light beams are overlapped, the left and right images can be formed independently of each other, so that the physical interference of the left and right optical systems and the physical The problem of interference can be eliminated.

Second Embodiment FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a second embodiment.
The stereoscopic display device of the second embodiment has an eye width adjustment mechanism and a convergence adjustment mechanism in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

The interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism comprises an observation optical system capable of adjusting the distance between the left and right optical axes, and display means capable of adjusting the distance between the left and right display images displayed on the display panel 10. I have. In the present embodiment, the sensor 18 for measuring the interval between the left and right optical axes is provided to the left and right optical path optical systems 12L and 12R so that the display position on the display panel 10 can be automatically changed in accordance with the interpupillary distance adjustment. The sensor 18 is attached to the camera control unit 9 and outputs a signal for changing a display timing to change a display interval of the left and right images on the display panel 10 in accordance with a signal obtained by measuring the left and right optical axis intervals. Is configured to be input.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the left and right display images move on the display panel 10 in synchronization with the observer moving the interpupillary distance adjustment work to a position easy to see by changing the left and right optical axis intervals. Therefore, the observer can adjust the interpupillary distance without discomfort. Further, according to the method of the present embodiment, since the interpupillary distance adjustment is performed with the optical axis of the optical system coincident with the eye, it is possible to easily provide a high-quality optical system from the viewpoint of aberration correction. Can be done.

Further, in the present embodiment, the congestion adjusting mechanism
It can be realized by using a part of the above functions (not shown). Optical system 12R for right optical path shown in FIG.
In a state where the optical system 12L for the left optical path and the left optical path 12L are fixed with a predetermined interpupillary distance, a mechanism for independently changing the display interval between left and right display images on the display panel 10 is provided. The distance between the left and right display images is reduced so that the images are displayed inside the observer's field of view so that they can be observed at an easy-to-see convergence angle.

Third Embodiment FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The stereoscopic display device according to the present embodiment is configured by arranging a plurality of elements having independent optical axes on the same optical axis. Hereinafter, only differences from the stereoscopic display device of the first embodiment will be described. For example, if the eye relief is 50 mm, the angle of view is 60 degrees, and the interpupillary distance is 55 mm, the left and right luminous fluxes overlap by about 5 mm. Eye relief 50mm
In order to secure the optical system, the focal length of the optical system needs to be about 50 mm or more. And on the left and right optical axes.

The first optical system 12R for the right optical path and the second optical system 12R 'for the right optical path are arranged on the same optical axis for the right eye. The first left optical path optical system 12L and the second left optical path optical system 12L 'are arranged on the same optical axis for the left eye. On the other hand, the first right optical path optical system 12R and the first left optical path optical system 12L have different optical axes,
Each corresponds to the left and right display images. The right display image R is acted upon only by the first right optical path optical system 12R and the second right optical path optical system 12R ', and the first left optical path optical system 12L and the second left optical path optical system 12L. Is formed as a right image on the right eye of the observer without being affected by the optical system 12L ′. The left display image L is affected only by the first left optical path optical system 12L and the second left optical path optical system 12L ', and the first right optical path optical system 12R and the second right optical path The image is formed as a left image on the left eye of the observer without being affected by the optical system 12R '.

In the present embodiment, instead of the polymerized liquid crystal, a liquid crystal element applied to the display panel 10 is used as the liquid crystal used for the left and right optical systems 12R, 12R ', 12L, 12L'. ing. The refractive index is No = 1.
524, Ne = 1.760. In this embodiment, since the liquid crystal may be fixed in a fixed direction, a driving circuit for the liquid crystal is not required. Of course, a polymerized liquid crystal can also be applied in this embodiment. The display panel 10
Is formed in a horizontally long rectangular shape.
Each Fresnel lens 16 used for 2L, 12R, 12L ', and 12R' also has a square effective diameter.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 8 is an overall configuration diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. The three-dimensional display device of the fourth embodiment includes a single display panel 10, a polarization direction control element 11, an optical system 12L for a first left optical path, and an optical system 12 for a first right optical path.
R, a second optical system 12L 'for the left optical path, and a second optical system 12R' for the right optical path. On the display panel 10, left and right images are displayed in time series. The combination of the display panel 10 and the polarization direction control element 11 is configured so that the polarization states of the left and right images are displayed as components orthogonal to each other.

As the display panel 10, a non-polarized light emitting panel of an organic EL element is used. Polarization direction control element 1
Reference numeral 1 denotes a combination of a polarizing plate 19 and a polarization direction rotating element 19 '. The light flux is limited to linearly polarized light by the polarizing plate 19, and a polarization direction rotating element 19' (twisted nematic liquid crystal element) is further provided. The rotation of the polarization direction is controlled by 90 degrees in synchronization with the display timing of the left and right images. Thereby, the polarization direction is switched in synchronization with the switching of the left and right images, so that it is possible to display the left and right images as linear polarization components orthogonal to each other. In addition, as the polarization direction control element, a polarizing plate 19 is used.
In addition to the configuration in which the polarization direction rotation element 19 ′ is combined with the polarization direction rotation element 19 ′, an element having a configuration capable of selectively controlling transmission / blocking of orthogonal polarization components may be used.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a display optical system used in this embodiment. Optical system 12R, 12R 'for right optical path
And the optical systems 12L and 12L 'for the left optical path are similar in configuration to each other, but different in the action on polarized light. Optical systems 12R and 12R 'for the right optical path and optical system 1 for the left optical path
2L and 12L 'are each formed of a cemented lens of a crystal lens 20 and a isotropic glass 21 made of a birefringent material. The isotropic glass 21 has a lens surface having an eccentric optical axis. The crystal lens 20 has crystal axes perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to each other in the left and right optical paths. The light beam in the polarization direction parallel to the crystal axis of the crystal lens 20 has an image forming effect due to the difference in the refractive index of the medium, but the light beam in the polarization direction orthogonal to this has no difference in the refractive index of the medium. No imaging effect occurs. Therefore,
In this embodiment, as the optical system for the right optical path and the optical system for the left optical path, the crystal axes of the crystal lenses are arranged to be orthogonal to each other, so that the polarization directions of the luminous flux are independent in the right optical path and the left optical path. An optical system having a lens optical axis is realized.

For example, as a crystal lens, YVO
_{Use 4} (Yttrium Vanadate). No = 1.9
92, Ne = 2.215. The isotropic glass can be realized by combining those having a refractive index of N = 1.99. Further, when it is desired to reduce the focal length of the optical system to reduce the size by reducing the refractive index difference to about 0.2, a plurality of crystal lenses can be provided.

In this embodiment, for example, the eye relief is 50 mm, the angle of view is 60 degrees, and the interpupillary distance is 5 mm.
Assuming that the distance is 5 mm, the left and right light beams overlap by about 5 mm.
The left and right images also overlap on the display panel 10. In order to further increase the angle of view or to secure a large eye relief, the overlap between the left and right images becomes larger. However, according to the present embodiment, even in a state where the left and right light beams are overlapped, the left and right images can be formed independently of each other, so that the physical interference of the left and right optical systems and the left and right display images can be formed. Problems such as physical interference can be solved. In addition, besides the above, it is also possible to use a calcite or a rutile crystal and combine them with a material having the same refractive index.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an optical system used in a stereoscopic display device according to a fifth embodiment. The basic configuration of the stereoscopic display device of the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the fourth embodiment, and only different parts will be described. In the present embodiment, the optical system for the right optical path and the optical system for the left optical path are similar in configuration to each other, but have different effects on polarized light.

The left and right optical path optical systems are composed of a cemented lens made of only a birefringent crystal material. A crystal lens 20 ′ having a lens surface at an eccentric position and having a crystal axis in the optical axis direction, and left and right crystal lenses 20 L and 20 R having crystal axes orthogonal to the optical axis are eccentric. Are joined. The left and right crystal lenses 20L and 20R are
The crystal axis directions are orthogonal to each other. Light flux in the polarization direction parallel to the crystal axis has an imaging effect due to the difference in the refractive index of the medium, but light flux in the polarization direction orthogonal to this has an imaging effect because there is no difference in the refractive index of the medium. Absent. Thus, in this embodiment, the right optical path and the left optical path are arranged such that the crystal axes are orthogonal to each other as the optical system for the right optical path and the optical system for the left optical path, so that the polarization directions of the light beams in the right optical path and the left optical path are independent. Is realized.

For example, as a crystal lens, YVO
_{Use 4} (Yttrium Vanadate). No = 1.9
92, Ne = 2.215. When the difference in the refractive index is about 0.2 and the focal length of the optical system is to be reduced to reduce the size, it can be realized by arranging a plurality of lenses.

In this embodiment, for example, the eye relief is 50 mm, the angle of view is 60 degrees, and the interpupillary distance is 5 mm.
Assuming that the distance is 5 mm, the left and right light beams overlap by about 5 mm.
The left and right images also overlap on the display panel. In order to further increase the angle of view or to secure a large eye relief, the overlap between the left and right images becomes larger. However, according to the present embodiment, even in a state where the left and right light beams are overlapped, the left and right images can be formed independently of each other, so that the physical interference of the left and right optical systems and the left and right display images can be formed. Problems such as physical interference can be solved. In addition, besides the above, it is also possible to use a calcite or a rutile crystal and combine them with a material having the same refractive index.

Sixth Embodiment FIG. 10 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a display element used in the display optical system of the present embodiment. The stereoscopic display device of the sixth embodiment includes two display panels 10R and 10L and a polarizing plate 19.
R, 19L, an optical system 12L for a first left optical path, an optical system 12R for a first right optical path, and an optical system 1 for a second left optical path.
2L 'and a second right optical path optical system 12R'. Optical systems 12L and 12L 'for the left optical path,
The basic configuration of the optical systems 12R and 12R 'for the right optical path is as follows.
The description is omitted because it is the same as the third embodiment.

The display panel of the sixth embodiment is similar to the display panel of the first embodiment.
Unlike the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the left and right images corresponding to each of the display panels 10R and 10L are always displayed. As described above, in the present embodiment, the left and right images are always displayed, so that there is no flicker caused by switching between the left and right images. The display panels 10R and 10L are configured so that the polarization states of the left and right images are displayed as components that are orthogonal to each other.
In this method, there are various methods. In FIG. 11, a non-polarized light emitting panel such as the organic EL element 22 is used for the display panels 10R and 10L, and the polarizing plate 19 is attached to the left and right display panels 10L and 10R. On the other hand, by attaching them in directions orthogonal to each other, it is possible to display the left and right images as linearly polarized light components orthogonal to each other.

In this embodiment, the optical system 1 for the left optical path is used.
2L, 12L 'and right optical path optical systems 12R, 12R'.
Are shifted from each other in the optical axis, and the optical system 12L. The left image is displayed on the display panel 10L on the optical axis of 12L ', and the right image is displayed on the display panel 10R on the optical axis of the optical system for the right optical path. The optical system for the left optical path and the optical system for the right optical path are configured such that an imaging operation works independently on polarization components orthogonal to each other. That is, the left image is subjected to the image forming operation only by the optical system for the left optical path, and is not subjected to the image forming operation from the optical system for the right optical path. Similarly, the right image is imaged only by the optical system for the right optical path, and is not imaged by the optical system for the left optical path.

Since the optical system for the left optical path and the optical system for the right optical path operate independently on the polarization components orthogonal to each other, the optical elements constituting the optical systems for the left and right optical paths are the same. Even if they are arranged on the optical path, independent optical axes can be provided. In the present embodiment, the display positions on the right and left panel surfaces can be separated by further decentering the optical axes of the optical elements of the optical system for the left and right optical paths in two stages. That is, the optical elements of the optical systems 12R 'and 12L' on the observer side are eccentric so as to substantially match the eye width of the observer, and the optical elements of the optical systems 12R and 12L on the display panel side have a larger eccentric amount and are left and right. Are formed so as to exert an image forming action while separating in the direction in which the images are separated. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, no physical interference occurs between the left and right display panels. Further, since the left and right images are displayed on the respective display panels, the polarization direction control element and the synchronization circuit required in the first embodiment can be eliminated.

As described above, according to the sixth embodiment in which the above-described optical system and the left and right display panels are combined, the left and right optical paths can be overlapped, and the eye point and the wide-angle visual field can be secured. Can be compatible. In addition, since aberrations at the left and right pupil positions of the left optical path optical system and the right optical path optical system can be corrected independently of each other, correction is easy and a high-quality optical system can be realized.

Further, the stereoscopic display device of this embodiment has an interpupillary distance adjusting function. As shown in FIG. 10, the display panel 10R and the optical system 12R for the right optical path, and the display panel 10L and the optical system 12L for the left optical path are integrally fixed to frames 31R and 31L, respectively. The frames 31R and 31L are provided so as to be relatively movable in the interpupillary direction.
By changing the relative distance between 1R and 31L, observation according to the eye width of the observer is possible. Further, the relative distance between the optical elements 12L 'and 12R' on the observer side,
If a mechanism for independently changing the relative distance between the optical elements 12L and 12R on the display panel side and the relative distance between the display panels 10L and 10R is further added, observation at an easily viewable convergence angle becomes possible.

Seventh Embodiment FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a display optical system according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display optical system according to a modification of the seventh embodiment. FIG. 14 is an overall configuration diagram of the stereoscopic display device of the seventh embodiment. The seventh embodiment is a modification of the stereoscopic display device of the first embodiment. Only the configuration of the portion different from the first embodiment will be described. Other configurations are the first
This is the same as the embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 14, the three-dimensional display device of this embodiment is configured so that chromatic aberration can be further corrected by arranging the birefringent DOEs 23L and 23R in the optical system.

An example of the configuration of an optical system using a birefringent DOE will be described below. FIG. 12 shows a birefringent DO using a uniaxial crystal 25.
It is a schematic block diagram of E. The DOE is formed by shaving the surface of a uniaxial crystal 25 having a crystal axis in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction. Two DOE2 for left and right
The optical axes of 3L and 23R are eccentric to each other. Uniaxial crystal 2
5 is bonded to an isotropic material 27 via a bonding agent 26. By arranging the crystal axes of the left and right uniaxial crystals 25 in directions orthogonal to each other, the left and right DOEs 23L and 23R that operate independently according to the polarization direction can be realized. Further, it becomes possible to correct chromatic aberration by utilizing the negative dispersion characteristic of the DOE.

FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of birefringent DOEs 23L and 23R using liquid crystal (or polymer liquid crystal) 28.
The birefringent DOEs 23L and 23R have decentered optical axes,
It has a lens function. DO after shaving the homogeneous glass 29
E is formed, and a liquid crystal or polymer liquid crystal 28 is used therein. Then, chromatic aberration correction is performed using the negative dispersion characteristic of the DOE. In this embodiment,
As shown in FIG. 14, the birefringent DOE shown in FIG. 12 or FIG.
23L and 23R are combined, and a configuration in which a negative dispersion DOE is introduced to correct chromatic aberration.

Eighth Embodiment FIG. 15 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. US Pat. No. 6,082,862 discloses an electrically switchable hologram element.
s) is disclosed. This element can be switched instantaneously between acting and not acting as a volume hologram by turning on and off the current, and furthermore, it can be multi-layered, whereby light rays of a plurality of colors can be selectively actuated sequentially. By turning on / off, it is possible to control ON / OFF of the image forming action and the prism action as a color image. The eighth embodiment is an embodiment in which such a variable hologram element is applied to the invention.

As shown in FIG. 15, the stereoscopic display apparatus according to the eighth embodiment has a single display panel 10, a first optical system 12L for a left optical path and an optical system for a right optical path composed of a variable hologram. 12R, a second optical system 12L 'for the left optical path and a second optical system 12R' for the right optical path. On the display panel 10, FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), the left and right images are displayed in chronological order. As a characteristic of the display panel 10, a panel that displays light with a narrow wavelength width in order to use the function of the hologram is desirable. In this regard, if the display panel 10 is configured by an organic EL element, a plasma display, or a display in which an LED light emitting element and a reflective display panel are combined, the compatibility with the hologram is good.

By the way, the three-dimensional display device of the present invention has the structure shown in FIG.
As shown in (1), the video signals of the left and right images are alternately switched via the switching device 13 to be displayed on the same display panel. The variable optical element (variable hologram element) is synchronized with the drive unit, and synchronized with the switching of the left and right images.
L, 12R, 12L ', and 12R' are driven.

Then, as shown in FIG. 15, the optical systems 12L and 12L 'for the left optical path and the optical systems 12R and 1R for the right optical path.
The 2R's are configured with their optical axes shifted from each other. The display panel 10 displays the left image on the panel surface at a position on the optical axis of the optical system for the left optical path, and displays the right image on the panel surface at a position on the optical axis of the optical system for the right optical path. It has become. Here, in the present embodiment, the optical system for the left optical path and the optical system for the right optical path are configured so that an image-forming action works in a time-division manner. As a result, the left image is imaged only on the optical system for the left optical path, and is imaged on the optical axis of the optical system for the left optical path without being affected by the optical system for the right optical path. Similarly, the image is formed only on the optical system for the right optical path, and is formed on the optical axis of the optical system for the right optical path without being affected by the optical system for the left optical path.

According to the present embodiment, an optical system for the left optical path,
Since the optical system for the right optical path works alternately in time division,
An independent optical axis can be provided even if the elements are arranged on the same optical path O. In addition, a method of displaying the left and right images in chronological order on the same display panel is adopted, and it is also possible to configure so that a part of the left and right images is superimposed and displayed. No interference occurs.

Therefore, according to the stereoscopic display device of the eighth embodiment in which the above-described optical system and display panel are combined, the left and right optical paths can be overlapped, and both the securing of the eye point and the wide-angle field of view can be achieved. Becomes possible. Further, according to the present embodiment, in the optical system for the left optical path and the optical system for the right optical path, aberrations at the left and right pupil positions may be independently corrected, and correction is easy, and a high-quality optical system is obtained. A system can be realized.

For example, an eye relief of 50 mm is secured,
Assuming that the angle of view is 60 degrees and the interpupillary distance is 55 mm, the left and right light beams overlap each other. The left and right images also overlap on the display panel. In order to further increase the angle of view or to secure a large eye relief, the overlap between the left and right images becomes larger. However, according to the present embodiment, even when the left and right light beams are overlapped, the left and right images can be formed independently of each other, so that the physical interference of the left and right optical systems and the physical Solving the problem of interference. It should be noted that the stereoscopic display device of this embodiment can realize the interpupillary distance adjustment and the convergence adjustment functions as in the second embodiment of FIG. Further, as in the case of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the display panel may be divided into two display panels.

Ninth Embodiment The ninth embodiment is an embodiment in which the strong wavelength dependence of a volume hologram element is applied to the present invention. FIG. 16 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a ninth embodiment, in which (a) shows a configuration from the illumination means to the display panel, and (b) shows a configuration from the display panel to the left and right optical path optical systems. Is shown.

The three-dimensional display device of the ninth embodiment is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, one display panel 10, a first optical system 12L for a left optical path composed of a volume hologram, an optical system 12R for a right optical path, and a second optical system 12R for a left optical path composed of a volume hologram. An optical system 12L 'and an optical system 12R' for the right optical path are provided. On the display panel 10, FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), the left and right images are displayed in chronological order. The characteristics of the display panel do not depend on the polarization characteristics, but a panel that displays light with a narrow wavelength width is desirable in order to utilize the strong wavelength-dependent action of the hologram.

As described above, the video signals of the left and right images are alternately switched via the switching device 13 shown in FIG. 2 and displayed on the same display panel 10. In the present embodiment, the switching device is synchronized with the illumination LED 30 shown in FIG. 16A, and the LED 30 emits light in synchronization with the switching of the left and right images. The emitted LED 30 operates as illumination of the display panel 10. The wavelength of the LED 30 is selected such that the wavelength emitted in the right optical path and the wavelength emitted in the left optical path do not overlap.

The left optical path optical systems 12L, 12L
L 'and the right optical path optical systems 12R, 12R' are configured so that their optical axes are shifted from each other. The display panel 10
Displays the left image on the panel surface at a position on the optical axis of the optical system for the left optical path, and displays the right image on the panel surface at a position on the optical axis of the optical system for the right optical path. . Here, in the present embodiment, the left optical path optical systems 12L and 12L 'and the right optical path optical systems 12R and 12R' are configured so that an image-forming action is performed by wavelengths of different light beams. As a result, the left image is imaged only on the optical system for the left optical path, and is imaged on the optical axis of the optical system for the left optical path without being affected by the optical system for the right optical path. Similarly, the image is formed only on the optical system for the right optical path, and is formed on the optical axis of the optical system for the right optical path without being affected by the optical system for the left optical path.

Further, in this embodiment, λ1, λ2, λ3 are used for the optical system for the left optical path, and λ1 ′, λ are used for the optical system for the right optical path.
In order to correspond to three different wavelengths such as 2 ′ and λ3 ′, it is possible to form a color image by forming a volume hologram into multiple layers according to each wavelength.

According to the present embodiment, an optical system for the left optical path,
The optical system for the right optical path has an independent optical axis even if the optical elements constituting the optical systems for the left and right optical paths are arranged on the same optical path O in order to exert an image forming action for different wavelengths. Can be provided. The left and right images are displayed in chronological order on the same display panel.Parts of the left and right images can be overlapped and displayed, causing physical interference between the left and right image display elements. Absent.

Therefore, according to the three-dimensional display device of the ninth embodiment, in which the above-described optical system and display panel are combined, the left and right optical paths can be overlapped, thereby ensuring both an eyepoint and a wide-angle field of view. Is possible. Further, according to the present embodiment, in the optical system for the left optical path and the optical system for the right optical path, aberrations at the left and right pupil positions may be independently corrected, and correction is easy, and a high-quality optical system is obtained. A system can be realized.

For example, if the eye relief is 50 mm,
If the angle of view is 60 degrees and the interpupillary distance is 55 mm, the left and right luminous flux is 5
mm overlap each other. The left and right images also overlap on the display panel. In order to further increase the angle of view or to secure a large eye relief, the overlap between the left and right images becomes larger. However, according to the present embodiment, even when the left and right light beams are overlapped, the left and right images can be formed separately and independently, so that the physical interference of the left and right optical systems and the physical interference of the left and right display images. Problem can be solved. It should be noted that the stereoscopic display device of this embodiment can realize the interpupillary distance adjustment and the convergence adjustment functions as in the second embodiment of FIG.

Further, as in the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the display panel may be divided into two display panels, each of which may be constituted as an organic EL element or a plasma display which emits light at different wavelengths.

Next, a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A twelfth embodiment will be described. According to the second aspect of the invention, by disposing an optical system having an optical axis common to the left and right optical paths between the display image and the observer, the distance between the display image and the observer can be reduced, and the display device can be downsized. It was made. As described above, in the display device of the conventional example (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-267045), no optical system is provided between the screen surface and the viewer. In addition, since an eccentric pupil is arranged in the projection optical system, it is difficult to ensure optical performance, and furthermore, a plurality of liquid crystal shutters are used for pupil switching, and the configuration is complicated. Therefore, in the second invention, basically, an intermediate image of an image displayed on the display element is formed by an enlargement optical system, and an observation optical system having an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths is formed by an intermediate optical system. It is arranged between the image and the observer, and at the intermediate image position, the left and right optical paths are switched so that the pupil is imaged on the left and right eyes. Here, a method of switching the left and right optical paths will be described using the following embodiments.

Tenth Embodiment FIG. 17 is an overall structural view of a three-dimensional display device according to a tenth embodiment. The stereoscopic display device of the present embodiment is provided with an enlargement optical system 31 that forms an intermediate image of an image displayed on the display element (display panel) 10, and also has an observation optic having an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths of the observer. The system 32 is arranged between the intermediate image position and the observer, and further provided as a means for imaging the pupil from the intermediate image to the left and right eyes by providing a birefringent DOE 33 having a declination effect that varies depending on the polarization direction. I have.

As the display element 10, any element may be used. In order to utilize the strong wavelength-dependent effect of the hologram, a display element that displays light with a narrow emission wavelength width is preferable. In this regard, if the display element 10 is configured by an organic EL element, a plasma display, or a display in which an LED light emitting element and a reflective display panel are combined, the compatibility with the hologram is good. Further, the display device is configured to give a characteristic that the polarization directions are orthogonal to each other in the left and right images. For example, a combination of the display panel 10 and the polarizing plate 19 and the polarization direction rotating element 19 'shown in FIG. 8 is used as the display element. The birefringent DOE 33 is arranged on the image plane of the intermediate image. The birefringent DOE 33 has a birefringent material oriented on a surface having a sawtooth cross section, and is configured to be separated by a difference in polarization direction. According to the present embodiment, since the birefringent DOE 33 is arranged on the image plane of the intermediate image, the optical path is divided into right and left according to the polarization state of the image. Observation optical system 32
Is composed of a Fresnel lens. The observation optical system 32 has an effective diameter including both eyes of the observer, and has a focal length of 40 mm to 200 mm in order to secure eye relief.
mm is desirable.

In this embodiment, the focal length of the observation optical system 32 is set to 100 mm, and the angle of separation from the image in front of the observation optical system 32 is set to +17 degrees to -17 degrees. In this case, the amount of separation between the left and right optical axes is about 60 mm from the focal length of the observation optical system 32 and the separation angle. Since the interpupillary range is usually about 55 to 65 mm, according to the present embodiment, by setting the size of the pupil to about 5φ or more, it is possible to realize a display device that does not need to be provided with an interpupillary adjustment mechanism. .

Eleventh Embodiment FIG. 18 is an overall structural view of a stereoscopic display device according to an eleventh embodiment. The stereoscopic display device of the present embodiment is provided with an enlargement optical system 31 that forms an intermediate image of an image displayed on the display element (display panel) 10, and also has an observation optic having an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths of the observer. A system 32 is arranged between the intermediate image position and the observer, and a variable hologram element 34 is provided as means for forming a pupil from the intermediate image to the left and right eyes.

As the display device 10, any device such as a liquid crystal display and a plasma display may be used. The variable hologram element 34 is arranged on the image plane of the intermediate image. The variable hologram element 34 is configured to switch the presence / absence of the declination effect by turning ON / OFF the energization in accordance with the image display timing. For details, see USP 6,1
24,654. In addition, the variable hologram element 34 is configured to have a deviating effect,
As described in 101,008, by forming two layers in the left and right opposite directions, it is possible to divide the optical path to the left and right. According to the present embodiment, since the variable hologram element 34 is arranged on the image plane of the intermediate image, the light path of the light from the image is divided into right and left according to the drive timing. The observation optical system 32 is composed of a Fresnel lens. The observation optical system 32 has an effective diameter including both eyes of the observer, and has a focal length of 40 m in order to secure eye relief.
Those having a size of about m to 200 mm are desirable.

In this embodiment, the focal length of the observation optical system 32 is set to 100 mm, and the separation angle from the image before the observation optical system is set to +17 degrees to -17 degrees. In this case, the amount of separation between the left and right optical axes is made approximately 60 mm by multiplying the focal length of the observation lens. Interpupillary range is usually 55
According to the present embodiment, since the size of the pupil is about 5 mm or more, it is possible to realize a display device that does not need to include an interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism.

Twelfth Embodiment FIG. 19 is an overall structural view of a stereoscopic display according to a twelfth embodiment. The stereoscopic display device of the present embodiment includes an enlargement optical system 31 that forms an intermediate image of an image displayed on the display element (display panel) 10. At this time, the following expression (3) is satisfied. H = C / D (3) where H is a projection magnification of the display element 10 to an intermediate image forming position,
C is the focal length of the pupil coupling lens 36, and D is the focal length of each image projection lens 31 '. Further, in this embodiment, in order to secure the eye relief, the intermediate image is enlarged and the focal length of the observation optical system 32 is increased. Observation optical system 32
Has an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths of the observer, and is disposed between the intermediate image position and the observer. The stereoscopic display device of the present embodiment is configured to form a pupil from the intermediate image to the left and right eyes according to the amount of eccentricity of the display element 10 from the optical axis of the observation optical system 32. Then, the following equation
(2) is satisfied. B / F = E / C (2) where B is the interpupillary distance, F is the focal length of the observation optical system 32, E is the optical axis distance between the left and right image projection lenses 31 ', and C is the pupil coupling lens 36. The focal length.

As the display element 10, any element may be used. The left and right images may be always displayed. By doing so, there is no flicker caused by switching between the left and right images. The magnifying optical system 31 comprises an afocal optical system composed of an image projection lens 31 ′ and a pupil coupling lens 36, and the display element 1 for displaying left and right images.
0. In the left and right afocal luminous flux parts by the magnifying optical system 31, left and right apertures are formed by apertures 35.
Is arranged as. The pupil coupling lens 36 is configured to form the left and right light fluxes at the same location as an intermediate image.

The observation optical system 32 is composed of a Fresnel lens. The observation optical system 32 has an effective diameter that includes both eyes of the observer, and has a focal length equal to or longer than the eye relief in order to ensure eye relief. At this time, the following expression (1) is satisfied. A ≦ F (1) where A is the eye relief, and F is the focal length of the observation optical system 32. In addition, the eye relief is 10 mm to 200 mm
It is preferable to set the degree to the degree because the balance between the visibility and the size of the apparatus is good. A field lens 37 is provided in the vicinity of the intermediate image position. The field lens 37 makes the left and right light beams incident on the left and right eyeballs through the observation optical system 32 substantially parallel to each other so that the observer can easily see the light beam. The angle of convergence is set. Making the eye relief A equal to or longer than the focal length means that the convergence angle becomes zero.
In this embodiment, the incident side and the exit side are adjusted via the field lens 37 so as to match the convergence angle.

In this embodiment, both the focal length of the observation lens 32 and the eye relief are set to 40 mm. The amount of separation between the left and right optical axes is determined by the angle formed by the focal length of the observation lens 32 and the left and right optical paths. The distance between the left and right optical axes was set to a median value of 60 mm, which is a general width of the interpupillary distance of 55 to 65 mm.
According to the present embodiment, by setting the size of the pupil to φ5 or more, it is possible to realize a display device that does not need to include an interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism.

Next, numerical data of this embodiment will be shown. Eye relief (A): 40 mm Eye width (B): 60 mm Focal length of pupil coupling lens (C): 40 mm Focusing difficulty of image projection lens (D): 10 mm Distance between optical axes of left and right image projection lenses (E): 60 mm Focal length of observation lens (F): 40 mm Projection magnification to intermediate coupling position of display element (H): 4 times Further, the field angle of view was set to 60 degrees. The size of the intermediate image is about φ50 mm, and the size of the image on the image sensor is about φ1.
2.5 mm.

Further, in the present embodiment, the interval between the left and right optical axes of the projected image of the left and right images through the afocal lens is variably configured, and has an interpupillary distance adjusting function. Specifically, the imaging device 10, the image projection lens 31 ', and the aperture 35
Are provided integrally with the left and right lens barrels, and the distance between the left and right optical axes can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the left and right lens barrels.

As described above, the stereoscopic display device of the present invention has the following features in addition to the invention described in the claims.

(1) The light beams from the left and right images have polarization characteristics orthogonal to each other, and the left and right observation optical systems of the magnifying optical system have polarization characteristics orthogonal to each other. The stereoscopic display device according to claim 1, wherein the polarization characteristics of the light beam from the light source and the left and right observation optical systems match.

(2) The display panel is configured to sequentially display the left and right images in a time division manner, and the left and right optical systems of the magnifying optical system sequentially form an image in a time division manner. The stereoscopic display device according to claim 1, wherein display of the left and right images and operation of the left and right optical systems are synchronized.

(3) The display panel is configured to display the left and right images with different wavelength characteristics, and the left and right observation optical systems of the magnifying optical system are optical elements that operate with different wavelength characteristics. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein a light beam from a display image on the display panel and the magnifying optical system have the same wavelength characteristic.

(4) The interpupillary distance can be adjusted by interlockingly changing the interval between the left and right display images and the interval between the optical axes of the left and right observation optical systems. 3. The stereoscopic display device according to 1.

(5) The convergence can be adjusted by independently changing one of the interval between the left and right display images and the optical axis interval between the left and right observation optical systems. 3. The stereoscopic display device according to 1.

(6) The left and right display images are sequentially displayed on the same display panel in a time division manner, and the light beams from the left and right images have polarization components orthogonal to each other, and the left and right optical systems The stereoscopic display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the three-dimensional display devices has an independent optical axis for each of the light beams of the polarization components orthogonal to each other.

(7) The display panel comprises a display panel for displaying a left image and a display panel for displaying a right image which is separate from the display panel for displaying the left image. The light beam from the image of (1) has polarization components orthogonal to each other, and the left and right optical systems have independent optical axes for the light beams of the polarization components orthogonal to each other. 3D display device.

(8) The left and right display images are sequentially displayed on the same display panel in a time-division manner, and the left and right optical systems have optical axes decentered from each other and switch the operation or non-operation in a time-division manner. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional display device is configured by a graphic lens.

(9) The display panel is configured to display the left and right images having different emission wavelength characteristics, and the left and right optical systems have optical axes decentered from each other and have an image forming effect due to the wavelength characteristics. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, comprising a holographic lens for switching presence / absence, wherein the emission wavelength characteristic matches the wavelength characteristic of the holographic lens.

(10) A display panel and a magnifying observation optical system are provided, and the display panel is configured to display left and right images at positions displaced from each other. Having an optical system, the left and right optical systems have two optical axes different from each other, and are configured such that any one of polarization characteristics, wavelength characteristics, and time characteristics is different from each other, The light beam has a polarization characteristic, a wavelength characteristic, or a time characteristic different from each other, and the light beam from the left and right images and the different characteristics of the left and right optical systems are the same. A three-dimensional display device, wherein each light beam forms an image independently.

(11) An image having an optical system for presenting images of two display panels, wherein at least two HOEs having different optical axes are arranged in the optical system. Observation device.

(12) The display panel has an enlargement optical system for displaying left and right images alternately and presenting the left and right images to the corresponding left and right eyes, and at least two HOEs having different optical axes. A three-dimensional image observation device which is arranged and has an effective diameter including an optical axis with each other.

(13) A display element for displaying left and right images in a time division manner, a magnifying optical system for forming an intermediate image, a time division declination hologram element (digital lens) arranged at the intermediate image position, An observation optical system having an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths, which is disposed between the image and the observer, and switches the time-division declination hologram element according to the display timing of the left and right images, A three-dimensional display device, wherein an image of a pupil is formed on the left and right eyes at an intermediate image position in accordance with time-division switching.

(14) A display element for displaying left and right images, an afocal optical system arranged in front of the left and right images, and an opening for left and right at an afocal portion of the afocal optical system are provided. An imaging optical system having an imaging lens for imaging left and right luminous fluxes at the same position, and an observation optical system having an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths is arranged between an intermediate image and an observer, and the afocal optical system and the An intermediate image is formed via a magnifying optical system including a coupling lens, and pupils are formed on the left and right eyes from the intermediate image according to the amount of eccentricity of the display element from the optical axis of the observation optical system. A stereoscopic observation apparatus characterized in that:

(15) Depending on the amount of eccentricity from the intermediate image, the pupils can be made different so that the pupils are imaged on the left and right eyes, and the distance between the left and right optical axes of the afocal optical system can be adjusted. The stereoscopic display device according to (14), wherein the stereoscopic display device has an eye width adjusting function.

(16) A display panel and an enlargement optical system are provided, and the display panel is configured to display left and right images eccentric to each other in the left-right direction.
It has left and right observation optical systems, and the left and right observation optical systems have optical axes decentered from each other, and the effective diameters of the left and right observation optical systems overlap when viewed from the direction of the optical axis. A stereoscopic observation apparatus, wherein an optical system forms an image on a light beam from a right image, and a left optical system forms an image on a light beam from a left image.

[0098]

According to the present invention, the angle of view is wide, the eye relief is long, and it is easy to see, and it is possible to observe without glasses. A small three-dimensional display device that can be viewed can be realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a configuration of a portion related to stereoscopic image formation in an optical system of the surgical microscope according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of an optical element used in the stereoscopic display device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram of the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment.

5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams showing a state in which an image is displayed on the panel surface of the display panel, wherein FIG. 5A shows a state in which a left image is displayed, and FIG. 5B shows a state in which a right image is displayed, respectively. Is shown.

FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical system used in a stereoscopic display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a display element used in a display optical system according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display optical system according to a seventh example of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display optical system according to a modification of the seventh embodiment.

FIG. 14 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a seventh embodiment.

FIG. 15 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a ninth embodiment, where (a) shows a configuration from a lighting unit to a display panel;
(b) shows the configuration from the display panel to the left and right optical path optical systems.

FIG. 17 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a tenth embodiment.

FIG. 18 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to an eleventh embodiment.

FIG. 19 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to a twelfth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Surgical microscope 2 Stereoscopic endoscope 3, 4 Display device 5 Objective lens 6 Afocal zoom optical system 7 Imaging lens 8 Imaging camera 9 Camera control unit 10 Display panel 11 Polarization direction control element 12L, 12L 'For left optical path Optical system 12R, 12R 'Right optical path optical system 13 Switching device 14 Drive unit of polarization direction control element 15 Transparent plate of alignment substrate 16 Transparent lens plate 17 Polymerized liquid crystal 18 Sensor 19 Polarizing plate 20 Crystal lens 21 Isotropic glass 22 Organic EL element 23 birefringent DOE 24 birefringent Fresnel lens 25 uniaxial crystal 26 bonding agent 27 isotropic material 28 liquid crystal (or polymer liquid crystal) 29 homogeneous glass 30 LED 31 magnifying optical system 31 ′ image projection lens 32 observation optical system 33 double Refraction DOE 34 Variable hologram element 36 Pupil imaging lens 7 field lens

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A display panel and an enlargement optical system, wherein the display panel is configured to display left and right images eccentric to each other in a left and right direction, and the enlargement optical system includes a left and right observation optical system. The left and right observation optical systems have optical axes decentered from each other, have an effective diameter including the optical axes of each other, and the right optical system forms an image on a light beam from the right image,
A stereoscopic observation device, wherein the left optical system forms an image on a light beam from the left image. 2. A display element for displaying left and right images in a time-division manner, an enlargement optical system for forming an intermediate image, an element for switching an optical path arranged at an intermediate image position, and And an observation optical system having an effective diameter including the left and right eye widths disposed therebetween.At the intermediate image position, the left and right optical paths are switched to form an image of the pupil on the left and right eyes. Characteristic stereoscopic display device.