JP2002138440A - Construction method for structure made of concrete block - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the stability and workability of a structure when stacking concrete blocks produced on land and building a harbor or an ocean structure. SOLUTION: In a construction method for a structure by using concrete blocks for forming a levee body or the like by stacking a plurality of concrete blocks 11, 12, 13, 14, etc., produced on land at the top of a foundation ground 1 at the bottom of the sea, these concrete blocks 11, 12, 13, 14, etc., are formed as a solid structure and several different kinds of cross sections are used and vertical joints 20, 20, etc., for the concrete blocks 11, 12, 13, 14, etc., are mutually shifted in right left direction and the horizontal joints 21, 21, etc., sequentially stacked to a stair shape to make them discontinuous in the horizontal direction thereby forming a structure 10.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for constructing a structure using a concrete block.
The present invention relates to a method for constructing a structure using a concrete block, which improves the stability and workability of the structure when a port / shore structure is constructed with the concrete block.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various types of shores such as breakwaters and coastal embankments have been developed.
As a method of building a harbor structure, a method using a caisson or a concrete block manufactured on land has been frequently used as a standard method in order to relatively reduce the amount of offshore work.

FIG. 6A shows an offshore structure 10 which is a caisson-type upright embankment. After excavating the submarine ground, a foundation rubble 1a is put into an excavation hole to form the foundation ground 1, and the ground is manufactured on land. The caisson 5 is installed on the foundation ground 1. Then, after filling the filling sand 6 into the caisson 5 to secure a stable weight, a cover concrete 7 is cast on the upper part, and an upper concrete 8 of a predetermined height is further placed on the water surface W on the upper part. Cast and complete. In addition, the root solid blocks 3, 3, 3 are laid on the foundation ground 1 on both sides of the lower part of the caisson 5,
Furthermore, the deformed blocks 4, 4... Are laid on both sides to keep the caisson 5 stable and to reduce the influence of scouring due to waves and currents.

[0004] Fig. 6 (b) shows an offshore structure 10 which is a concrete block type upright levee. After excavating the seabed ground, a foundation rubble 1a is put into an excavation hole to form the foundation ground 1, A concrete block 9, 9, 9 of about several tens tons produced on land is vertically stacked on the water surface W, and furthermore, an upper concrete 8 having a predetermined height is cast on the uppermost concrete block 9. And complete it.
On the foundation ground 1 on both sides of the lowermost concrete block 9, the root solid blocks 3, 3 are laid, and on both sides, covering stones 2, 2, ... are laid. Maintain the stability of 9, 9 and reduce the influence of scouring.

[0005]

Since the caisson marine structure is an integral structure, its stability after completion is high. However, at the stage after the caisson installation until the filling of the filling sand is completed, there is a problem in stability because the weight of the caisson is insufficient. Further, since the structure of the caisson itself is complicated and large-scale, a high-level manufacturing technique is required to manufacture the caisson, and a high-level construction technique is required to install the caisson on the seabed. Furthermore, a large-scale site for caisson production and launch facilities are required.

[0006] Next, as the offshore structure using the concrete blocks, a rectangular structure which is easy to manufacture each concrete block is usually used, and no special connection between the concrete blocks is performed. Breakage due to slippage is likely to occur. In practice, measures are taken to prevent slippage by applying irregularities to the joint surface of the concrete block. However, in design, it is general to ignore the effect of preventing slippage due to irregularities. Therefore, the use of the concrete block is considered unsuitable under severe natural conditions under which a large wave acts, and the concrete block is used only in a shallow sea area having a water depth of approximately 7 m or less.

[0007] In view of the above, a solution must be made in order to obtain a method of building a structure using a concrete block, which has a simple structure and can be easily manufactured, has a strong structure against displacement and slippage, and has improved stability and workability. A technical problem arises, and an object of the present invention is to solve the problem.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been proposed to achieve the above-mentioned object, and a plurality of concrete blocks manufactured on land are piled up on an underground foundation ground to form a levee body or the like. In the method of building a structure with concrete blocks, the concrete blocks are formed in a solid structure and have several different cross-sectional shapes, and vertical seams between the concrete blocks are shifted from each other in the left-right direction, and A method of building a structure by a concrete block in which horizontal seams are sequentially stacked in a stepwise manner so as to be discontinuous in a horizontal direction to form a structure, and the structure has at least a hook-shaped or rectangular cross-sectional shape. A method of constructing a structure by a concrete block formed of two types of concrete blocks, and a plurality of on-land concrete components In a method of constructing a structure using a concrete block in which a reed block is laid on a foundation ground at the bottom of a water to form a bank, etc., the concrete block has the same shape as the side surface of the structure itself, and has a width capable of standing independently. A method of constructing a structure by a concrete block that forms a solid structure having a solid structure, and the structure is formed by standing the concrete block continuously and vertically on the foundation ground, and the concrete block is formed into a plate shape. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of constructing a structure by concrete blocks which are formed and alternately erected in a horizontal direction.

[0009]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. Note that the same components as those of the conventional example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view of a marine structure 10 which is a breakwater. The left side of the figure shows the outside of the port and the right side shows the inside of the port. The breakwater 10 is made of several types of concrete blocks 11, 12, 1 having different cross-sectional shapes manufactured on land from the underground foundation ground 1 toward the water surface W.
Are built up in a stepwise manner in a predetermined width. At that time, the concrete block 1 installed outside the port
1 uses a hook-shaped concrete block whose cross section is uneven up and down. The hook-shaped concrete block 11 has a solid structure and is integrally formed, and its cross section is composed of two blocks having the same rectangular cross-sectional shape arranged one above the other, and the upper block is moved rearward (rightward) from the lower block. It is formed in a shape which is shifted by a predetermined length and stacked.

Therefore, the hook-shaped concrete block 11
The upper surface 11a and the bottom surface 11e have the same width, and the upper front side surface 11b and the upper rear side surface 11h and the lower front side surface 11d and the lower rear side surface 11f have the same height. Rear horizontal surface 11g
Are formed to have the same width.

The concrete block 14 disposed inside the harbor is also integrally formed with a solid structure and has a hook-shaped concrete block having an inverted L-shaped cross section. Furthermore,
As will be described later, an uneven hook-shaped concrete block 1
When the breakwater 10 is built by sequentially stacking the hook-shaped concrete blocks 14, 14... Having an inverted L-shape, concrete blocks 12, 13 having a rectangular cross section are used for stacking adjustment. In this way, by adopting as few types of concrete blocks as possible and by unifying the basic dimensions, it is possible to standardize the formwork at the time of production.

Incidentally, these concrete blocks 11,
The weights of 12, 13, and 14 are determined in consideration of the construction scale, the capacity of the hoist ship, and the like.
Even a concrete block of about 0 to 1000 tons can be handled, and a large-sized concrete block can be realized.

The structure of the breakwater 10 is as follows. First, the ground on the seabed is improved to form the foundation ground 1, and then the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11 is erected on the foundation ground 1. Thereafter, a rectangular concrete block 12 is disposed behind the hook-shaped concrete block 11 (to the right in the figure). Here, the rectangular concrete block 1
2 is the same as the height of the lower rear side surface 11f of the hook-shaped concrete block 11, and the cross-sectional width thereof is the same as the bottom width 11e of the hook-shaped concrete block 11. The side surface is arranged in contact with the lower side surface 11 f of the hook-shaped concrete block 11.

Next, the rectangular concrete block 1
2 (to the right in the figure), another hook-shaped concrete block 11 having the same shape as the hook-shaped concrete block 11
Is further erected, and another rectangular concrete block 12 having the same shape as the rectangular concrete block 12 is disposed at the rear thereof. Further, another rectangular concrete block 13 is disposed behind the rectangular concrete block 12, and the arrangement of the inverted L-shaped hook-shaped concrete block 14 standing behind the concrete block 13 is adjusted. .

Here, the height of the upper front side surface 14b of the inverted L-shaped hook-shaped concrete block 14 is the upper rear side surface 11 of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11.
h, and the height of the lower front side surface 14d is also the same as the height of the lower rear side surface 11f of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11. The width of the inverted L-shaped horizontal surface 14c is also different from that of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11.
Of the rear horizontal surface 11g. By forming the double hook concrete blocks 11 and 14 in the above-described shape, the engagement between the blocks described later can be performed firmly.

On the foundation ground 1, the first-stage hook-shaped concrete block 11, which has the width of the breakwater 10,
11, 14 and the rectangular concrete block 1
After arranging 2, 12, and 13, the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11, 11 and the inverted L-shaped hook-shaped concrete block 14 are brought into contact with the lower concrete block inside the harbor in the second stage. Arrange. Further, the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11 and 11 are stacked on the third stage, and the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11 are stacked on the fourth stage.
And the inverted L-shaped concrete block 14 inside the port
And stack up.

Finally, the upper part is projected from the water surface W by a predetermined height, and the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11
Is placed inside the harbor with the inverted L-shaped concrete block 14.
The rectangular concrete block 12 is disposed between an upper rear side surface 11h of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11 and an upper front side surface 14b of the inverted L-shaped concrete block 14. Then, the breakwater 10 is completed.

The width of the embankment is appropriately changed according to the design necessary for securing the stability depending on the wave conditions and the water depth conditions. However, the combination of concrete blocks corresponds to the above-described method. In this way, the hook-shaped concrete blocks 11, 14,... Are sequentially stacked from the bottom and built, so that a structure having excellent stability is obtained, and the work order is clear and workability is improved. Also, the vertical seams 20, 20... Of the concrete blocks in the embankment are shifted from each other in the left-right direction, and the horizontal seams 21, 21,... Are formed discontinuously in the horizontal direction. , And the engagement becomes strong.

Next, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a breakwater 10 smaller in size than the above-described breakwater. After the foundation ground 1 is formed on the scour prevention mat M, the uneven concrete hook-shaped concrete block 11, the rectangular concrete block 12,
After another concave and convex hook-shaped concrete block 11 and the inverted L-shaped hook-shaped concrete block 14 are sequentially combined and arranged from the left to the right in the drawing, the second step is the first step of the concave and convex hook-shaped concrete block 11. Shaped concrete block 11,
Another concave and convex hook-shaped concrete block 11 is combined between 11.

Further, as the third step, another uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11 and an inverted L-shaped hook-shaped concrete block 14 are combined on the left and right of the upper part of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11 of the second step. Then, another rectangular concrete block 12 is inserted into the upper space between the hook-shaped concrete blocks 11 and 14. Then, the water surface W
Arrange the upper concrete 8 at the required location on the top and breakwater 1
Complete 0. In addition, on the foundation ground 1 below the breakwater 10, a root solid block 3 and a covering stone 2 are laid.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 shows a foundation ground 1 formed by laying a foundation rubble 1a on the water bottom, similarly to the marine structure 10 shown in FIG.
Several types of concrete blocks 11, 12, 15, and 1 of different cross-sectional shapes manufactured on land from the top toward the water surface W
6 is a cross-sectional view of a breakwater 10 constructed by sequentially stacking and building steps 6 at a predetermined width.

In order to build the breakwater 10 in a symmetrical shape with respect to the vertical center line L, the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11, 11... Are arranged stepwise on the left side of the center line L, and The uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11 and the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 16, 16... Formed symmetrically with respect to the center line L are arranged stepwise to the right of the center line L. Further, a concrete block 1 having a convex cross section disposed on the center line L for adjusting the stacking of the hook-shaped concrete blocks 11, 16.
5, 15 and the rectangular concrete blocks 12, 1 disposed on both sides of the convex concrete block 15.
And 2.

Here, the upper surface 1 of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 16 formed symmetrically with respect to the center line L
The width of 6a and the bottom surface 16e is the same as the width of the top surface 11a and the bottom surface 11e of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11, and the upper front side surface 16b and the upper rear side surface 16h and the lower front side surface 16d and the lower rear side surface 16f. Is the same as the height of the upper front side surface 11b, the upper rear side surface 11h, the lower front side surface 11d, and the lower rear side surface 11f of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11, and furthermore, the upper and lower front horizontal surfaces 16c and the rear surface. The width of the horizontal plane 16g is also the front horizontal plane 11 of the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11.
c and the width of the rear horizontal surface 11g.

Also, the convex concrete block 1
5, the width of the upper surface 15a is the same as the sum of the width of the rear horizontal surface 11g and the width of the front horizontal surface 16c, and
The width of the bottom surface 15e is formed to be twice as long as the width of the upper surface 15a. Further, the convex concrete block 1
5, the height of the upper front side surface 15b and the height of the upper rear side surface 15h are the same as the height of the lower rear side surface 11f, and the height of the lower front side surface 15d and the lower rear side surface 15f is also the same as the height of the lower rear side surface 11f. Form. The height of the rectangular concrete blocks 12, 12 is the same as the height of the lower front side surface 15d of the convex concrete block 15, and the width is the same as the height of the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11, 16. Form to the required length.

In the construction of the breakwater 10, first, the center of the convex concrete block 15 is made to be the same as the center line L, and the bottom surface 15e is formed at right angles to the center line L. Place on top. Then, the left and right lower side surfaces 15d of the convex concrete block 15
The rectangular concrete blocks 12, 12 are disposed so as to be in contact with 15f. Further, the uneven concrete hook-shaped concrete block 11 is formed on the front side (left side in the figure) of the rectangular concrete blocks 12, 12, and the uneven hook-shaped concrete block 11 is formed on the rear side (right side of the figure) in a symmetrical manner. The concrete block 16 is fitted to and disposed on the upper and side surfaces of the rectangular concrete block 12, and the first-stage assembly of the breakwater 10 having the width of the embankment is completed.

Then, on the second stage, another symmetrical concave-convex hook-shaped concrete block 11, 16 is stacked on top of the convex concrete block 15 so as to face each other.
On the third stage, the left and right symmetrical uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11 and 16 are stacked on top of the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11 and 16 of the first stage, respectively. Further, a fourth step is provided in the space between the upper portions of the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11 and 16 stacked in the second stage and the side surfaces of the uneven hook-shaped concrete blocks 11 and 16 stacked in the third stage. Convex concrete block 15
Insert Thereafter, another symmetrical concave-convex hook-shaped concrete block 11, 16 is stacked on top of the convex concrete block 15 so as to face the breakwater 1.
Complete 0.

The order of stacking concrete blocks and the like is not limited to this, and may be changed as appropriate as long as the concrete blocks are stacked more stably from below. In this way, since the concrete blocks 11, 16,... Are stacked from below to construct the embankment, the vertical seams 20, 20. Are formed discontinuously in the horizontal direction, and have a structure capable of resisting sliding and displacement of the concrete block, as in the first embodiment, and the engagement becomes strong.

FIG. 4 shows the concrete block 1 of FIG.
It is a perspective view of the marine structure 10 formed in the same way as the pile of 1,12,15,16 .... The marine structure 10 is a submerged levee built below the water surface W, and the marine structure 10 is constructed by the second method.
The description is omitted because it is the same as that of the embodiment.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the marine structure 10 which is a submerged levee. The marine structure 10 has a plurality of concrete blocks 17, 18... Integrally formed in a solid structure (thickness m) having the same side shape as the submerged levee itself and having a width capable of standing independently. It is a structure that stands vertically on the foundation ground 1 continuously. Here, the concrete block 1
Are formed into a trapezoidal shape, and concrete blocks 17, 18,... Formed in a plate shape having a predetermined thickness are arranged just like books arranged on a bookshelf to construct a bank.
Therefore, since the inside of the embankment body side shape is formed integrally in a plate shape, there is no seam between the blocks, and the structure has excellent stability.

The width of the side surface of the concrete block 18 disposed adjacent to the concrete block 17 is formed to be larger than the side surface of the concrete block 17 so that the concrete block 17 and the concrete block 18 are alternately arranged. At the same time, the front surface of the concrete block 18 is made to protrude from the front surface of the concrete block 17. Therefore, in the horizontal direction, the convex portion 23 is formed on the front surface of the concrete block 18 by the concrete block 1.
The recesses 22 are formed alternately on the front surface of the substrate 7. By providing these convex portions 23 and concave portions 22, a bank body having low wave reflectivity and excellent environmental characteristics is constructed.

The present invention is used not only for the construction of the above-described breakwaters and submerged breakwaters, but also for the construction of structures such as reclaimed revetments, piers, mooring shores, breakwaters, dikes, and artificial reefs.

Thus, the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the present invention extends to the modified ones.

[0034]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the concrete block is formed with a solid structure, sufficient stability can be secured immediately after installation without any additional work such as filling work. it can. In addition, the vertical seams of concrete blocks having different cross-sectional shapes are shifted from each other in the left-right direction, and the horizontal seams are sequentially stacked in a stepwise manner so as to be discontinuous in the horizontal direction, so that the structure is built. In the cross section, the structure becomes strong against sliding and displacement between the concrete blocks, and the stability after completion becomes excellent. Further, since the connection between the concrete blocks is not performed, it is possible to easily cope with the removal and the change of the arrangement of the structure after completion and operation, and also to easily perform the recovery work after the disaster.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first aspect, the structure is formed of at least two types of concrete blocks having a hook-shaped or rectangular cross-sectional shape. Is simple, can be easily manufactured, and standardization of the formwork at the time of manufacturing is achieved, thereby enabling cost reduction. In addition, since a small number of types of concrete blocks are used, it is easy to assemble the structure and the workability is improved.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the concrete block is formed by a solid structure having the same shape as the side surface of the structure itself and a width capable of self-supporting, and the concrete blocks are continuously erected. Is built, so that there is no seam between the blocks in the side surface shape of the structure, resulting in a structure excellent in stability.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effect of the third aspect of the present invention, concrete blocks are formed in a plate shape and concrete blocks having different plane widths are alternately erected in the horizontal direction. A concavo-convex surface can be formed between adjacent concrete blocks, and a structure excellent in low-reflection of waves and environmentally friendly can be constructed.

Thus, the present invention provides various kinds of remarkable effects, such as improvement in stability and workability of harbor / coastal structures.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention and is a cross-sectional view of a marine structure composed of concrete blocks.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another offshore structure.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a marine structure including a concrete block according to another embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an offshore structure.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a marine structure in which concrete blocks are arranged in a horizontal direction according to still another embodiment.

FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of a conventional caisson-type upright bank. (B) is a cross-sectional view of a conventional concrete block type upright levee.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 foundation ground 10 structure 11, 16 hook-shaped concrete block (irregular shape) 12, 13 rectangular concrete block 14 hook-shaped concrete block (inverted L-shape) 15 convex-shaped concrete block 17, 18 plate-shaped concrete block 20 vertical seam 21 Horizontal seam

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hirofumi Tatsumi 2-1, Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Kumagaya Gumi Tokyo Head Office (72) Inventor Masao Hogawa 2-1 Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Ltd. Kumagai Gumi Tokyo head office F-term (reference) 2D018 EA09

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method of constructing a structure by a concrete block in which a plurality of concrete blocks manufactured on land are stacked on a submerged foundation ground to form a levee or the like, wherein the concrete block has a solid structure. And using several kinds of different cross-sectional shapes, the vertical seams of the concrete blocks are shifted from each other in the left and right direction,
In addition, a method for constructing a structure by a concrete block, wherein the horizontal seams are sequentially stacked in a stepwise manner so as to be discontinuous in the horizontal direction to form the structure. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structure is formed of at least two types of concrete blocks having a hook shape and a rectangular cross section. 3. A method of constructing a structure by a concrete block that forms a levee body by laying a plurality of concrete blocks manufactured on land on a submerged foundation ground, wherein the concrete block is a structure of the structure itself. Concrete, characterized in that it is formed into a solid structure having the same shape as the side surface and having a width capable of standing independently, and the concrete block is continuously erected vertically on the foundation ground to form a structure. How to build structures with blocks. 4. The construction of a structure with concrete blocks according to claim 3, wherein said concrete blocks are formed in a plate shape, and said concrete blocks having different lateral shape widths are alternately erected in a horizontal direction. Method.