JP2002010510A - Electrical energy storage device and apparatus and method for adjusting amount of cell energy - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an amount-of-cell energy adjusting apparatus which makes it possible to keep the energy storage devices of the cells constituting a unit energy storage device at an optimal target value without theoretical loss regardless of the state of the apparatus, charging, discharging, or standby. SOLUTION: In the amount-of-cell energy adjusting apparatus, a plurality of energy storage devices 1 are connected in series. A means for measuring, storing, and processing the amount of energy of each energy storage device 1 is provided, and switching circuits controlled by the means are actuated to transmit energy, charged in any energy storage device, from the energy storage device through a transformer 5. A plurality of coils are installed in correspondence with the respective energy storage devices 1, and the transformer 5 corresponding to the energy storage devices is installed. The coils of the transformer 5, the switching circuits, and rectifying circuits are connected to constitute the circuitry of the amount-of-cell energy adjusting apparatus so that energy is transmitted from any energy storage device to other energy storage devices.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an energy storage device comprising a plurality of electric energy storage cells such as a plurality of capacitor cells or secondary battery cells connected in series, and more particularly, to an energy storage device. Energy storage device, cell energy adjustment device, and energy adjustment device provided with an energy distribution circuit for setting an energy storage amount of each single cell and a plurality of cells as one storage unit to a target value with respect to the energy amount About the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When an electric energy storage cell such as a capacitor is connected in series to form an electric energy storage system having a higher terminal voltage and a larger amount of energy storage than a single cell, a resistor is connected in parallel to each cell. Or connect to
For example, an apparatus has been conventionally used in which a constant voltage element such as a Zener diode is connected in parallel to equalize the voltage of each cell and increase the amount of stored energy.

[0003] However, in these conventional methods, since the energy efficiency is low, a method in which each coil of a transformer having a plurality of coils is connected to a capacitor via a switching circuit and charged with a uniform voltage is proposed. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-214454). However, in this method, the voltage is made uniform at the time of charging, but thereafter, the voltage cannot be made uniform in a state of being left undischarged or in a state of discharging, so that energy is always used effectively. I can't say that.

[0004] Therefore, as a novel energy storage device, a cell energy amount adjusting device provided with a mechanism for managing the energy amount of each cell and redistributing the energy is very promising. In the cell energy adjusting device, practically, a plurality of unit energy storage devices in which a plurality of cells are connected in series are further connected in series to form an energy storage device,
The cell energy adjusting device is operated by increasing the total energy.

[0005]

In the above cell energy adjusting device, the forward voltage of a rectifying element such as a diode used for transferring energy is actually about 0.7 V.
Since the voltage of a capacitor cell or a rechargeable battery cell which is about 1 V to 3 V cannot be ignored, a method of transferring energy to an entire energy storage device in which a plurality of cells are connected in series by increasing the voltage is used. Can be

However, when a plurality of unit energy storage devices having a configuration in which a plurality of capacitors or secondary battery cells are connected in series are connected in series to constitute an energy storage device, as described above, the entire energy storage device is used. In order to transfer energy, the voltage had to be significantly increased, which was problematic.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to set the energy storage device of each cell constituting the unit energy storage device to an optimum target value without any loss in principle, regardless of whether the battery is being charged, discharged, or on standby. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cell energy amount adjusting device and a cell energy amount adjusting method which can be maintained.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a unit having a mechanism for connecting a plurality of capacitor cells or secondary battery cells in series and transferring energy charged to the cells from any cell. As a unit energy storage device,
In an energy amount adjusting device configured by connecting a plurality of unit energy storage devices in series, the energy stored in the cell or the storage device from an arbitrary cell or an arbitrary unit energy storage device is arbitrarily added to an arbitrary cell or an arbitrary cell. Optimizes the energy storage capacity of each cell or unit energy storage device without any loss, regardless of whether it is charging, discharging, or waiting, by transferring it to the input / output terminal of another unit energy storage device Means to keep the target value

According to the present invention, in an electric energy storage system in which a plurality of energy storage devices constituted by capacitor cells or secondary batteries are connected in series, a transformer having a plurality of coils and an arbitrary energy storage device are connected. A switching circuit for switching the circuit of the coil of the transformer or a circuit having a rectifier, a mechanism for selecting an arbitrary energy storage device by the switching circuit, and operating the switching circuit to store an arbitrary energy. A cell energy adjusting device is provided, comprising a control circuit for adjusting the amount of energy stored in the device to a specific ratio with respect to the amount of energy stored in the energy storage device.

According to the present invention, when the plurality of energy storage devices have a configuration in which a plurality of unit energy storage devices are connected in series, the device and the circuit provided in the energy storage device are provided. A unit energy storage device is also provided, and by transferring the energy charged in the unit energy storage device from any unit energy storage device to any other unit energy storage device or any energy storage device, the total electric energy An apparatus for adjusting the amount of energy of a cell, characterized in that the energy of the storage system is adjusted.

Further, according to the present invention, when the electric energy storage system, the energy storage device, and the unit energy storage device are expanded to form a large electric energy storage system, the same configuration is employed. Is applied to adjust the energy amount of the entire electric energy storage system.

Further, according to the present invention, when each unit energy storage device has a configuration in which a plurality of capacitor cells or secondary battery cells are connected in series,
Similar to the relationship between the energy storage device and the unit energy storage device and the relationship between the unit energy storage device and the cell,
A device and a circuit for transferring the energy charged in the cell from any cell to any other cell or unit energy storage device or energy storage device, the relationship between which is larger and the energy storage device is expanded Thus, a cell energy amount adjusting device characterized in that the device is applied even when configured as described above is obtained.

That is, according to the present invention, a plurality of energy storage devices each composed of a single or a plurality of electric energy storage cells are connected in series, the energy amount of each energy storage device is measured, and the energy amount is measured. A device for storing and processing the measured quantities is arranged, and the energy stored in the energy storage device is transferred from any energy storage device via a transformer by operating a switching circuit controlled by the device. In the cell energy adjusting device, a plurality of coils are installed corresponding to each of the energy storage devices, and a transformer corresponding to each energy storage device is provided,
A cell energy adjusting device characterized in that energy is directly transferred from an arbitrary energy storage device to another energy storage device by forming a circuit path connecting a coil of the transformer, a switching circuit, and a rectifier circuit.

Further, the present invention is the cell energy adjusting device, wherein the electric energy storage cell is a capacitor cell or a secondary battery cell.

Further, according to the present invention, the energy storage device has a configuration in which a plurality of unit energy storage devices are connected in series, and each of the unit energy storage devices has the same mechanism as the energy storage device, and has an arbitrary unit energy storage device. A cell energy adjustment device in which energy is transferred directly from the storage device to any other unit energy storage device or any energy storage device in the same energy storage device.

Further, according to the present invention, in the cell energy adjusting device, the connection of the energy storage device is further expanded to an arbitrary floor, and a storage device having the same level of energy storage amount or a storage device having a small energy storage amount is connected. This is a cell energy adjusting device in which energy is directly transferred to a storage device having a higher energy storage level.

Further, the present invention considers that the relationship between the energy storage device and the unit energy storage device is similar to the relationship between the unit energy storage device and the capacitor cell or the secondary battery cell, so that any one of the capacitor cells and the unit energy storage device can be used. A cell energy adjustment device in which the energy of the next battery cell is transferred to any other cell or any energy storage device.

Further, the present invention provides a device for measuring a quantity of energy in each energy storage device by connecting a plurality of energy storage devices composed of a single or a plurality of electric energy storage cells in series, and storing the measured amount in each of the energy storage devices. A cell energy adjusting method for transferring energy charged from an arbitrary energy storage device to the energy storage device via a transformer by operating a switching circuit controlled by the device. A transformer is provided corresponding to the energy storage device, and the energy is directly transferred from any energy storage device to any other energy storage device in a configuration in which the transformer coil, the switching circuit, and the rectification circuit are connected. A method for adjusting the amount of cell energy.

[0019] The present invention is also a cell energy amount adjusting method, wherein the electric energy storage cell is a plurality of capacitor cells or secondary battery cells.

Further, according to the present invention, the energy storage device has a configuration in which a plurality of unit energy storage devices are connected in series, and each of the unit energy storage devices has the same mechanism as the energy storage device. A method of adjusting the amount of cell energy in which energy is directly transferred from an energy storage device to any other unit energy storage device or any energy storage device in the same energy storage device.

Further, according to the present invention, in the above-mentioned cell energy adjusting device, the connection of the energy storage device is further expanded to an arbitrary floor, and the storage device having the same level of energy storage amount or the storage device having the same level of energy storage amount is changed. This is a method for adjusting the amount of cell energy in which energy is directly transferred to a storage device having a higher level of energy storage at a higher level.

Further, the present invention provides that the relationship between the above-mentioned energy storage device and the unit energy storage device is similar to the relationship between the unit energy storage device and the capacitor cell or the secondary battery cell. This is a cell energy adjustment method in which the energy of the next battery cell is transferred to any other cell or any energy storage device. Further, the present invention is an electric energy storage device provided with the above-mentioned cell energy amount adjusting device.

[0023]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An electric energy storage device, a cell energy adjusting device and a cell energy adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

FIG. 1 shows an electric energy storage device including four energy storage devices provided with a cell energy amount adjusting device according to the present invention. Hereinafter, in the text, the electric energy storage device is configured by a plurality of energy storage devices, the energy storage device is configured by a plurality of unit energy storage devices, and the unit energy storage device is configured by a single unit or a plurality of capacitors. Have been in a relationship.

The energy storage devices 1 are connected in series in order to increase the amount of energy that can be stored and to increase the voltage of the entire electric energy storage system. A coil is connected for transferring and from another energy storage device. The coils here are all components of one transformer, but if the number of energy storage devices is large, some components may be divided and used for handling.

By turning off all the switching circuits and turning on the switching circuits connected to the energy storage device 1 whose voltage is to be measured, a voltage is induced in the secondary coil of the transformer and the voltage is accumulated. It can measure the amount of energy. The switching circuits 6 are sequentially operated to measure the amounts of energy of all the energy storage devices by the voltage input circuit 4, and record them in the memory of the control device, and perform the optimal energy redistribution from the data. Here, energy is extracted from an energy storage device having a high voltage, that is, a large amount of energy, and is distributed to an energy storage device having a low voltage, that is, a small amount of energy.

In practice, the switching circuit of the energy storage device for extracting energy is turned on, the switching circuit of the energy storage device for distributing energy is connected to the rectifier 7, and the other switching circuits are turned off. For example, if the voltage of the first energy storage device is high and the voltage of the third energy storage device is low, a switching circuit is connected as shown in FIG. Normally, the amount of energy that can be transferred by one switching operation is smaller than the required energy amount. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 5, the ON-OFF operation of the switching circuit of the first energy storage device is repeated a plurality of times. Transfer the amount of energy.

By performing such an operation, the voltages of the plurality of energy storage devices can be made uniform,
As a result, it is possible to increase the energy amount of the entire electric energy storage system. However, if the energy storage device has a withstand voltage of 1 V to 3 V
If it is composed of individual pieces, in the configuration shown in FIG.
Since the forward voltage Vf of a rectifier usually formed of a diode is 0.7 V, the voltage drop in the rectifier cannot be ignored.

Therefore, in this case, the voltage of the extracted energy is increased by the transformer 5 as shown in FIG. 4 and the energy is distributed to the entire electric energy storage system, so that the Vf of the rectifier can be ignored. It is effective to However, when the energy is distributed to the whole, a part of the energy storage device having a large amount of energy is also returned, and not all of the extracted energy is used for equalization. According to the present invention, when the unit for transferring energy is expanded, energy is transferred quickly and efficiently by setting the energy distribution destination to each energy storage device instead of the entire electric energy storage system. Made it possible.

In this case, the energy transfer is performed by the forward method. However, the energy transfer may be performed by the backward method by forming the switching circuit 6 and the rectifier 7 in a bridge type or the like.

FIG. 8 shows a typical example of a block diagram of an electric energy adjusting device provided with the cell energy adjusting device according to the present invention. The electric energy adjusting device shown in FIG. 1 can be applied to the block diagram of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an electric energy control device comprising three energy storage devices 1 connected in series with three unit energy storage devices 2 having a cell energy control device according to the present invention. The device is shown. According to the present invention, energy can be transferred from a unit energy storage device to another unit energy storage device, and energy can be transferred from a unit energy storage device to another energy storage device not including the unit energy storage device. .

For example, in the first energy storage device,
FIG. 6 shows the connection of the switching circuit when energy is transferred from the first unit energy storage device to the entire third energy storage device. Further, for example, FIG. 7 shows a connection of a switching circuit in a case where energy is transferred from the first unit energy storage device to the entire first energy storage device in the first energy storage device. The current flows at that time are indicated by thick-line arrows in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively.
Voltage input circuit 4 built in each energy storage device 1
The data of the amount of energy of the unit energy storage device 2 obtained in the above may be collectively processed to control the entire switching circuit 6, or one control device may be provided in each energy storage device, and three energy storage devices may be provided. The transfer of energy between the energy storage devices may be performed by a dedicated control device.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the cell energy adjusting device according to the present invention. The operation of the cell energy adjusting device described above is performed according to the flowchart of FIG.

Note that the electric energy storage device is constituted by a plurality of energy storage devices provided with a cell energy adjustment device, and the energy storage device is constituted by a plurality of energy storage devices provided with a cell energy adjustment device. By increasing the number of floors, it is possible to construct a larger storage system. In that case, the present invention can be similarly extended to enable energy transfer with the same efficiency.

FIG. 3 shows a unit energy storage device composed of four capacitor cells 3 according to the present invention. Operation similar to that of the electric energy storage system of FIG. 1 is possible. However, the capacitor cell is generally 1 V to 3 V
Since the terminal voltage is not enough compared with the forward voltage Vf of the rectifier, the loss cannot be ignored. In fact, the energy transfer between the capacitor cells is not effective, and the energy is transferred to the terminal of the unit energy storage device. Should be transported. The circuit in FIG. 3 is configured so that either one can be selected. Further, in the cell energy amount adjusting device of FIG. 2 described above, the forward method is used at the time of transferring the energy, but in the unit energy storage device of FIG. 3, the circuit is configured by the backward method. In this case, either method may be used.

[0037]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In a cell energy amount adjusting device configured by connecting a plurality of energy storage devices in series, energy can be transferred between the energy storage devices, and the unit energy storage device or the unit energy storage device or An electric energy storage device and a cell energy amount adjustment device having means for transferring energy to an energy storage device, and having means for maintaining the energy amount of the system at an optimum target value efficiently and without a fundamental loss. And a method for adjusting the amount of cell energy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an electric energy storage device including four energy storage devices including a cell energy amount adjusting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an electric energy storage device including three unit energy storage devices connected in series with three unit energy storage devices including the cell energy adjusting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a unit energy storage device including four capacitor cells according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a conventional unit energy storage device including four capacitor cells when energy is not transferred between capacitor cells.

FIG. 5 shows the transfer of energy from a first energy storage device to a third energy storage device in an electric energy storage device comprising four energy storage devices with a cell energy adjusting device according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration in the case of performing the operation.

FIG. 6 shows an energy transfer example 1 of an electric energy storage device having three cell energy storage devices connected in series with three unit energy storage devices including the cell energy amount adjusting device according to the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 7 shows an energy transfer example 2 of an electric energy storage device including three unit energy storage devices connected in series with three unit energy storage devices having the cell energy amount adjusting device according to the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a representative example of a block diagram of an electric energy adjusting device provided with the cell energy adjusting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a flowchart at the time of operation of the cell energy adjusting device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Energy storage device 2 Unit energy storage device 3 Capacitor 4 Voltage input circuit and adjustment part 5 Transformer 6 Switching circuit 7 Rectifier 8, 9 Output terminal of electric energy storage system

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H02J 15/00 H01G 9/00 531 F term (Reference) 5E082 AB09 BB03 BC40 CC07 CC12 MM35 5G003 AA04 BA03 CC02 DA04 DA12 5G065 DA04 DA08 EA02 HA17 JA01 MA10 NA01 NA06 NA09 NA10 5H030 AA03 AA04 AS03 BB01 BB21 DD08

Claims (11)

[Claims] An energy storage device comprising a single or a plurality of electric energy storage cells is connected in series, the energy amount of each energy storage device is measured, and the measured amount of the energy amount is stored in a memory. And
In a cell energy conditioning device in which a processing device is arranged and which operates a switching circuit controlled by the device to transfer energy from any energy storage device to the energy storage device via a transformer. A plurality of coils are provided corresponding to the respective energy storage devices, transformers corresponding to the respective energy storage devices are provided, and a configuration of a circuit path connecting the coil and the switching circuit and the rectifier circuit of the transformer is provided. Wherein energy is directly transferred from any energy storage device to another energy storage device. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric energy storage cell is a capacitor cell or a secondary battery cell. 3. The energy storage device has a configuration in which a plurality of unit energy storage devices are connected in series. Each of the unit energy storage devices has the same mechanism as the energy storage device. 3. A device according to claim 1, wherein energy is directly transferred to any other unit energy storage device or any energy storage device in the same energy storage device. 4. In the cell energy amount adjusting device,
Furthermore, the connection of the energy storage device is expanded to an arbitrary floor,
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the energy is directly transferred from the storage device having a small amount of stored energy to the storage device having the same amount of stored energy or a storage device having a larger amount of stored energy. A cell energy adjusting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. Assuming that the relationship between the energy storage device and the unit energy storage device is similar to the relationship between the unit energy storage device and the capacitor cell or the secondary battery cell, the relationship between any of the capacitor cells and the secondary battery cells is determined. 5. A device according to claim 1, wherein energy is transferred to any other cell or any energy storage device. 6. An energy storage device comprising a single or a plurality of electric energy storage cells connected in series, an energy storage device for each of the energy storage devices, and a device for storing and processing the measured amount. A method for adjusting the amount of energy stored in a cell from a given energy storage device via a transformer by operating a switching circuit controlled by the device. And a transformer connected to the coil, the switching circuit, and the rectifier circuit of the transformer, and energy is directly transferred from any energy storage device to any other energy storage device. Cell energy adjustment method. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the electric energy storage cells are a plurality of capacitor cells or secondary battery cells. 8. The energy storage device has a configuration in which a plurality of unit energy storage devices are connected in series. Each of the unit energy storage devices has the same mechanism as the energy storage device. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the energy is directly transferred to any other unit energy storage device or any energy storage device in the same energy storage device. 9. The cell energy adjusting device,
Furthermore, the connection of the energy storage device is expanded to an arbitrary floor,
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the energy is directly transferred from the storage device having a small amount of stored energy to the storage device having the same level of stored energy or a storage device having a larger amount of stored energy. The cell energy amount adjusting method according to any one of the above. 10. Assuming that the relationship between the energy storage device and the unit energy storage device is similar to the relationship between the unit energy storage device and a capacitor cell or a secondary battery cell, an arbitrary capacitor cell and a secondary battery cell 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the energy is transferred to any other cell or any energy storage device. 11. An electric energy storage device comprising the cell energy amount adjusting device according to claim 1.