JP2002042585A - Method of manufacturing resin window plate provided with conductive print layer - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing resin window plate provided with conductive print layerInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002042585A JP2002042585A JP2000231529A JP2000231529A JP2002042585A JP 2002042585 A JP2002042585 A JP 2002042585A JP 2000231529 A JP2000231529 A JP 2000231529A JP 2000231529 A JP2000231529 A JP 2000231529A JP 2002042585 A JP2002042585 A JP 2002042585A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- print layer
- window plate
- resin
- resin window
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
- B25J11/0075—Manipulators for painting or coating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、熱線、アンテナ線
などの導電プリント層を備えた樹脂窓用板材の製造方法
に関し、詳しくは、たとえば自動車のリヤウインドのよ
うな導電プリント層を備えた樹脂窓用板材の製造方法に
関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a resin window plate having a conductive print layer such as a heating wire and an antenna wire, and more particularly, to a resin having a conductive print layer such as an automobile rear window. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a window plate.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、車両などの窓用の開口部にはガラ
ス板に代えて透明な樹脂窓用板材を配置することが提案
されている。そして、この樹脂窓用板材においてもガラ
ス板の場合と同様に結露による曇りを除去するために、
熱線としての導電プリント層を形成することが考えられ
る。また、ラジオやテレビの受信のために、樹脂窓用板
材にアンテナ線としての導電プリント層を配置すること
も考えられる。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, it has been proposed to dispose a transparent resin window plate instead of a glass plate in a window opening of a vehicle or the like. And also in this resin window plate material, in order to remove the fogging due to dew condensation as in the case of the glass plate,
It is conceivable to form a conductive print layer as a heat ray. It is also conceivable to arrange a conductive printed layer as an antenna line on a resin window plate for radio or television reception.
【０００３】このような熱線やアンテナ線を備えた樹脂
窓用板材を製造する方法として、たとえば図４〜図６に
示すようなフィルム一体積層射出成形法を用いたものが
提案されている。As a method for manufacturing such a resin window plate provided with a heating wire or an antenna wire, for example, a method using a film integral lamination injection molding method as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 has been proposed.
【０００４】この方法は、図４に示すように型を合わせ
ることにより所定のキャビティ空間１が形成されるよう
にした下型２と上型３とを用意し、下型２のキャビティ
空間１の底面に、導電プリント層４を片面に備えた樹脂
フィルム５（または樹脂シート）を配置する。導電プリ
ント層４は、たとえば銀粒子を混合したカーボンペース
トよりなる導電性インクを、導電プリント層の配線形状
に沿ってスクリーンや他の手法によって樹脂フィルム５
に一体化される。そして下型２と上型３を型絞めし、キ
ャビティ空間１に注入口６から溶融した樹脂材料７を注
入する。冷却後、脱型すると、図５、図６に示すように
樹脂フィルム５と樹脂材料７との間に導電プリント層４
が埋め込まれた樹脂窓用板材８が得られる。In this method, as shown in FIG. 4, a lower mold 2 and an upper mold 3 in which a predetermined cavity space 1 is formed by combining the molds are prepared, and the cavity space 1 of the lower mold 2 is prepared. On the bottom surface, a resin film 5 (or a resin sheet) having the conductive print layer 4 on one side is arranged. The conductive print layer 4 is formed by applying a conductive ink made of, for example, a carbon paste mixed with silver particles to a resin film 5 by a screen or another method along the wiring shape of the conductive print layer.
Integrated into Then, the lower mold 2 and the upper mold 3 are squeezed, and the molten resin material 7 is injected into the cavity 1 from the injection port 6. After cooling, when the mold is released, the conductive printed layer 4 is formed between the resin film 5 and the resin material 7 as shown in FIGS.
The resin window plate 8 in which is embedded is obtained.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記したよう
なフィルム一体積層射出成形法を用いて導電プリント層
４を備えた樹脂窓用板材８を製造する方法は、つぎのよ
うな問題を有する。製造しようとする樹脂窓用板材８が
湾曲部を持つような複雑な形状を有している場合には、
フィルム一体積層射出成形法では樹脂窓用板材８を製造
できない場合がある。すなわち、たとえば単一な曲り形
状の場合の半径Ｒが８０（ｍｍ）以下、または、縦、横
の曲り半径Ｒの積が２０万（ｍｍ2）（たとえばＲ５０
０（ｍｍ）×Ｒ４００（ｍｍ）＝２０００００（ｍ
ｍ2））以下のような曲面を有する場合には、キャビテ
ィ空間１に配置した樹脂フィルム５が、樹脂材料７の射
出時にキャビティ空間１の曲面に追随できず、そのため
に樹脂窓用板材８の樹脂フィルム５側に皺が生じたり、
また導電プリント層４が断線するなどの問題が生じる。However, the method of manufacturing the resin window plate 8 provided with the conductive print layer 4 by using the above-described film-integrated lamination injection molding method has the following problems. When the resin window plate 8 to be manufactured has a complicated shape having a curved portion,
In some cases, the resin window plate 8 cannot be manufactured by the film integral lamination injection molding method. That is, for example, the radius R in the case of a single bending shape is 80 (mm) or less, or the product of the vertical and horizontal bending radii R is 200,000 (mm 2 ) (for example, R50).
0 (mm) × R400 (mm) = 200000 (m
m 2 )) In the case of having the following curved surface, the resin film 5 arranged in the cavity space 1 cannot follow the curved surface of the cavity space 1 when the resin material 7 is injected. Wrinkles occur on the resin film 5 side,
In addition, problems such as disconnection of the conductive print layer 4 occur.
【０００６】さらに、キャビティ空間１に配置した樹脂
フィルム５がずれて計画通りに導電プリント層４が配置
されなかったり、樹脂フィルム５の導電プリント層４と
反対側面に樹脂材料７が回り込んでしまう問題がある。
さらに、フィルム一体積層射出成形法では温度条件の制
約もあるなど、技術的に難しい課題を有していた。Further, the resin film 5 disposed in the cavity space 1 is displaced and the conductive print layer 4 is not arranged as planned, or the resin material 7 wraps around the side of the resin film 5 opposite to the conductive print layer 4. There's a problem.
Furthermore, the film-integrated lamination injection molding method has a technically difficult problem such as a restriction on temperature conditions.
【０００７】本発明は、曲面などの複雑な形状を有する
樹脂窓用板材においても導電プリント層を確実に形成で
きるようにした導電プリント層を備えた樹脂窓用板材の
製造方法を提供することを目的とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a resin window plate having a conductive print layer capable of reliably forming a conductive print layer even on a resin window plate having a complicated shape such as a curved surface. Aim.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、導電プリント
層を備えた樹脂窓用板材の製造方法であって、導電性イ
ンクを噴出するインクジェットヘッドをロボットに装着
し、ロボットの駆動により樹脂窓用板材の面に形成する
導電プリント層の配線形状に沿って前記インクジェット
ヘッドを移動しながら導電性インクを噴出することによ
り樹脂窓用板材に導電性インクを付着させ、つぎに焼き
付けを行って樹脂窓用板材に導電プリント層を一体に形
成することを特徴とする導電プリント層を備えた樹脂窓
用板材の製造方法である。これにより、曲面などの複雑
な形状を有する樹脂窓用板材においても導電プリント層
を確実に形成できる。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a resin window plate material having a conductive print layer, comprising mounting an ink jet head for ejecting conductive ink on a robot, and driving the robot to drive the resin window. The conductive ink is attached to the resin window plate material by ejecting the conductive ink while moving the ink jet head along the wiring shape of the conductive print layer formed on the surface of the plate material for the resin, and then the resin is baked to perform baking. A method for manufacturing a resin window plate provided with a conductive print layer, wherein the conductive print layer is formed integrally with the window plate. Thus, the conductive print layer can be reliably formed even on a resin window plate having a complicated shape such as a curved surface.
【０００９】上記手段において、樹脂窓用板材の導電プ
リント層が一体化された面に樹脂コーティングを施すよ
うにしてもよい。これにより、導電プリント層の接着強
度を高めたり、樹脂窓用板材における導電プリント層部
分の段差を小さくしたり、導電プリント層部分の汚れを
防止できる。In the above means, a resin coating may be applied to a surface of the plate material for a resin window on which the conductive print layer is integrated. Thereby, the adhesive strength of the conductive print layer can be increased, the step of the conductive print layer portion in the resin window plate material can be reduced, and the conductive print layer portion can be prevented from being stained.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】以下に、本発明の実施の形態を図
面に基づいて説明する。図１は本発明の形態例を示すも
ので、図中９は本発明を適用する樹脂窓用板材を示す。
本例の樹脂窓用板材９は車両のリヤウインドに使用され
るものであり、リヤウインドの開口部を被う所定の寸法
形状に形成されている。樹脂窓用板材９は、導電プリン
ト層を備える面を上側にして位置決め装置１０により所
定の位置に位置決めされる。図１の位置決め装置１０
は、固定ロッド１１と移動ロッド１２とを備えて位置決
めを行っている。リヤウインドでは車内側面に導電プリ
ント層を配置することが一般に多く行われるので、凹状
に湾曲している車内側面を上側に向けて配置している。
このとき、樹脂窓用板材９の車外側面には、ハードコー
ト層が形成されている場合と、形成されていない場合と
がある。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 9 denotes a resin window plate to which the present invention is applied.
The resin window plate 9 of this example is used for a rear window of a vehicle, and is formed in a predetermined size and shape to cover an opening of the rear window. The resin window plate 9 is positioned at a predetermined position by the positioning device 10 with the surface provided with the conductive print layer facing upward. Positioning device 10 of FIG.
Is provided with a fixed rod 11 and a movable rod 12 for positioning. In the rear window, since a conductive printed layer is generally arranged on the inner surface of the vehicle, the inner surface which is concavely curved is arranged upward.
At this time, there are cases where a hard coat layer is formed on the vehicle outer side surface of the resin window plate 9 and cases where it is not formed.
【００１１】図１の１３はロボットであり、ロボット１
３は、たとえば銀粒子を混合したカーボンペーストより
なる導電性インク１４を噴出するインクジェットヘッド
１５をアームに備えている。インクジェットヘッド１５
は、導電性インク１４が収容されているインクタンク１
６からの導電性インク１４を、導線プリントの配線の太
さに対応するように噴出量を調整できるようになってい
る。Reference numeral 13 in FIG. 1 denotes a robot.
The arm 3 has an ink jet head 15 for ejecting a conductive ink 14 made of, for example, a carbon paste mixed with silver particles. Inkjet head 15
Is the ink tank 1 containing the conductive ink 14
The ejection amount of the conductive ink 14 from No. 6 can be adjusted so as to correspond to the thickness of the wiring of the conductive wire print.
【００１２】ロボット１３は、インクジェットヘッド１
５をＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に移動できるようにしてお
り、あらかじめロボット１３に入力されている導電プリ
ント層の配線形状に沿ってインクジェットヘッド１５を
自由にしかも自動で移動できるようにしている。The robot 13 includes the ink jet head 1
5 can be moved in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, so that the inkjet head 15 can be freely and automatically moved along the wiring shape of the conductive print layer input to the robot 13 in advance. I have.
【００１３】図２はオーブンのような加熱装置１７であ
り、図１によって導電性インク１４が付着された樹脂窓
用板材９を位置決め装置１０から取外し、加熱装置１７
の内部に収容して、加熱による焼き付けを行うことによ
り、図３に示すように導電プリント層１８が一体に形成
された樹脂窓用板材９を得るようにしている。FIG. 2 shows a heating device 17 such as an oven. The resin window plate 9 to which the conductive ink 14 is adhered is removed from the positioning device 10 as shown in FIG.
The resin window plate 9 in which the conductive print layer 18 is integrally formed as shown in FIG.
【００１４】つぎに、上記装置を用いて本発明の方法を
実施する手順について説明する。Next, a procedure for carrying out the method of the present invention using the above apparatus will be described.
【００１５】図１のように、導電プリント層を形成する
面が上側を向くようにして樹脂窓用板材９を位置決め装
置１０に供給して位置決めする。リヤウインドのような
樹脂窓用板材９ではたとえば車内側の凹面形状が上側を
向くように配置する。As shown in FIG. 1, the resin window plate 9 is supplied to the positioning device 10 and positioned so that the surface on which the conductive print layer is formed faces upward. The resin window plate 9 such as a rear window is arranged such that, for example, the concave shape on the inside of the vehicle faces upward.
【００１６】つづいて、ロボット１３にあらかじめ入力
されている導電プリント層の配線形状に沿うように、イ
ンクジェットヘッド１５から導電性インク１４を噴出し
ながら、インクジェットヘッド１５を自動で移動させ
る。これにより樹脂窓用板材９の面に導電性インク１４
が付着される。Subsequently, the ink-jet head 15 is automatically moved while ejecting the conductive ink 14 from the ink-jet head 15 so as to follow the wiring shape of the conductive print layer which has been input to the robot 13 in advance. Thereby, the conductive ink 14 is applied to the surface of the resin window plate 9.
Is attached.
【００１７】つぎに、導電性インク１４が付着した樹脂
窓用板材９を位置決め装置１０から取外し、図２の加熱
装置１７の内部に収容する。加熱装置１７により加熱し
て焼き付けを行う。これにより、図３のように導電プリ
ント層１８が一体に形成された樹脂窓用板材９を得る。Next, the resin window plate 9 to which the conductive ink 14 has adhered is removed from the positioning device 10 and housed in the heating device 17 shown in FIG. The printing is performed by heating with the heating device 17. Thus, the resin window plate 9 in which the conductive print layer 18 is integrally formed as shown in FIG. 3 is obtained.
【００１８】さらに、上記したように樹脂窓用板材９に
導電プリント層１８を一体化した面に、樹脂コーティン
グを施すようにしてもよい。このように樹脂コーティン
グを施すと、導電プリント層１８の接着強度を高めた
り、樹脂窓用板材９における導電プリント層１８部分の
段差を小さくしたり、導電プリント層１８部分の汚れを
防止できるなどの効果が期待できる。Further, as described above, a resin coating may be applied to the surface where the conductive print layer 18 is integrated with the resin window plate 9. By applying the resin coating in this manner, the adhesive strength of the conductive print layer 18 can be increased, the step of the conductive print layer 18 in the resin window plate 9 can be reduced, and the conductive print layer 18 can be prevented from being stained. The effect can be expected.
【００１９】このような本発明における樹脂窓用板材の
製造方法は、フィルム一体積層射出成形法では技術的に
難しい課題を有する湾曲した樹脂窓用板材の曲率半径Ｒ
が８０（ｍｍ）以下、および／または樹脂窓用板材の縦
横の曲り半径Ｒの積が２０万（ｍｍ2）以下の樹脂窓用
板材に適用させる場合には有用である。The method for manufacturing a resin window plate material according to the present invention has a problem that the curvature radius R of the curved resin window plate material has a technically difficult problem with the film integral lamination injection molding method.
Is 80 (mm) or less, and / or a resin window plate having a product of the vertical and horizontal bending radii R of 200,000 (mm 2 ) or less.
【００２０】なお、本発明は上記形態例にのみ限定され
るものではなく、樹脂窓用板材としては、単一樹脂板、
多色成形樹脂板、フィルム一体積層射出成形樹脂板のよ
うな種々の樹脂板に適用できること、インクジェットヘ
ッドには種々の構成のものを採用し得ること、樹脂窓用
板材は、リヤウインドに限らずサイドウインドその他の
部位に適用できること、その他本発明の要旨を逸脱しな
い範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論であ
る。The present invention is not limited only to the above-described embodiment, and a single resin plate,
It can be applied to various resin plates such as multi-color molded resin plate, film-integrated laminated injection molded resin plate, various structures can be adopted for the ink jet head, and the resin window plate material is not limited to the rear window It goes without saying that various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention as well as being applicable to side windows and other parts.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、曲面などの複雑な形状
を有する樹脂窓用板材においても導電プリント層を確実
に形成できるという優れた効果がある。According to the present invention, there is an excellent effect that a conductive printed layer can be reliably formed even on a resin window plate having a complicated shape such as a curved surface.
【００２２】また、樹脂窓用板材に導電プリント層を一
体化した面に、樹脂コーティングを施すようにすると、
導電プリント層の接着強度を高めたり、樹脂窓用板材に
おける導電プリント層部分の段差を小さくしたり、導電
プリント層部分の汚れを防止できるなどの効果が期待で
きる。Further, when a resin coating is applied to the surface where the conductive print layer is integrated with the resin window plate material,
Effects such as increasing the adhesive strength of the conductive print layer, reducing the level difference in the conductive print layer portion of the resin window plate, and preventing the conductive print layer portion from being stained can be expected.
【図１】本発明の形態の一例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明における加熱装置の斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a heating device according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明により得た導電プリント層が一体に形成
された樹脂窓用板材の斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a resin window plate obtained by integrally forming a conductive print layer obtained according to the present invention.
【図４】従来のフィルム一体積層射出成形法を用いて導
電プリント層を備えた樹脂窓用板材を製造する装置の一
例を示す断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an apparatus for manufacturing a resin window plate material provided with a conductive print layer using a conventional film-integrated lamination injection molding method.
【図５】図４の装置によって製造した導電プリント層を
備えた樹脂窓用板材の断面図である。5 is a cross-sectional view of a resin window plate having a conductive print layer manufactured by the apparatus of FIG. 4;
【図６】図５の導電プリント層を備えた樹脂窓用板材の
平面図である。6 is a plan view of a resin window plate provided with the conductive print layer of FIG. 5;
９ 樹脂窓用板材 １０ 位置決め装置 １３ ロボット １４ 導電性インク １５ インクジェットヘッド １７ 加熱装置 １８ 導電プリント層 9 Plate Material for Resin Window 10 Positioning Device 13 Robot 14 Conductive Ink 15 Inkjet Head 17 Heating Device 18 Conductive Print Layer
Claims (2)
製造方法であって、導電性インクを噴出するインクジェ
ットヘッドをロボットに装着し、ロボットの駆動により
樹脂窓用板材の面に形成する導電プリント層の配線形状
に沿って前記インクジェットヘッドを移動しながら導電
性インクを噴出することにより樹脂窓用板材に導電性イ
ンクを付着させ、つぎに焼き付けを行って樹脂窓用板材
に導電プリント層を一体に形成することを特徴とする導
電プリント層を備えた樹脂窓用板材の製造方法。1. A method for manufacturing a resin window plate having a conductive print layer, comprising: mounting an ink jet head for ejecting conductive ink on a robot; and driving the robot to form the conductive window on the surface of the resin window plate. The conductive ink is attached to the resin window plate by ejecting the conductive ink while moving the ink-jet head along the wiring shape of the print layer, and then baked to form the conductive print layer on the resin window plate. A method for manufacturing a plate material for a resin window having a conductive print layer, wherein the plate material is formed integrally.
された面に樹脂コーティングを施す請求項１記載の導電
プリント層を備えた樹脂窓用板材の製造方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a resin coating is applied to a surface of the resin window plate on which the conductive print layer is integrated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000231529A JP2002042585A (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2000-07-31 | Method of manufacturing resin window plate provided with conductive print layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000231529A JP2002042585A (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2000-07-31 | Method of manufacturing resin window plate provided with conductive print layer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002042585A true JP2002042585A (en) | 2002-02-08 |
Family
ID=18724356
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000231529A Pending JP2002042585A (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2000-07-31 | Method of manufacturing resin window plate provided with conductive print layer |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2002042585A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005081337A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-31 | Toyota Industries Corp | Coater of defogger line |
| JP2009113033A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-05-28 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Apparatus for forming circuit on resin molded article having three-dimensional shape |
| JP2009523084A (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2009-06-18 | エクスアテック、エル．エル．シー． | Busbar design optimized for robotic distribution applications |
| JP2012205063A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-22 | Kojima Press Industry Co Ltd | Device and method for forming antenna pattern |
| US8800482B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2014-08-12 | Exatec Llc | Apparatus and method of dispensing conductive material with active Z-axis control |
| US9630396B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2017-04-25 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Apparatus and method for printing three dimensional articles |
| JP2019504469A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2019-02-14 | エグザテック・リミテッド・ライアビリティー・カンパニーＥｘａｔｅｃ，ＬＬＣ． | Conductive paste and printing method thereof |
| JP2021172294A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-01 | 株式会社レニアス | Heating system of vehicle window pane |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS645095A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-01-10 | Tdk Corp | Formation of conductive pattern |
| JPH06171358A (en) * | 1992-12-08 | 1994-06-21 | Mazda Motor Corp | Resin-made window structure for vehicle |
| WO2000029208A1 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | Parelec Inc. | Electrically heatable, transparent windows and mirrors and method for production |
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- 2000-07-31 JP JP2000231529A patent/JP2002042585A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS645095A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-01-10 | Tdk Corp | Formation of conductive pattern |
| JPH06171358A (en) * | 1992-12-08 | 1994-06-21 | Mazda Motor Corp | Resin-made window structure for vehicle |
| WO2000029208A1 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | Parelec Inc. | Electrically heatable, transparent windows and mirrors and method for production |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005081337A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-31 | Toyota Industries Corp | Coater of defogger line |
| JP2009523084A (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2009-06-18 | エクスアテック、エル．エル．シー． | Busbar design optimized for robotic distribution applications |
| KR101351148B1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2014-01-14 | 엑사테크 엘.엘.씨. | How to form a window defroster |
| US8800482B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2014-08-12 | Exatec Llc | Apparatus and method of dispensing conductive material with active Z-axis control |
| US9796362B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2017-10-24 | Exatec, Llc | Busbar designs optimized for robotic dispense application |
| JP2009113033A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-05-28 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Apparatus for forming circuit on resin molded article having three-dimensional shape |
| US9630396B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2017-04-25 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Apparatus and method for printing three dimensional articles |
| JP2012205063A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-22 | Kojima Press Industry Co Ltd | Device and method for forming antenna pattern |
| JP2019504469A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2019-02-14 | エグザテック・リミテッド・ライアビリティー・カンパニーＥｘａｔｅｃ，ＬＬＣ． | Conductive paste and printing method thereof |
| JP2021172294A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-01 | 株式会社レニアス | Heating system of vehicle window pane |
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