JP2001276860A - Biofiltration device - Google Patents
Biofiltration deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001276860A JP2001276860A JP2000099496A JP2000099496A JP2001276860A JP 2001276860 A JP2001276860 A JP 2001276860A JP 2000099496 A JP2000099496 A JP 2000099496A JP 2000099496 A JP2000099496 A JP 2000099496A JP 2001276860 A JP2001276860 A JP 2001276860A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water collecting
- water
- nozzle
- floor plate
- filtration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、生物濾過装置に関
し、特に生物濾過装置に用いられる集水ノズルに関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a biological filtration device, and more particularly, to a water collecting nozzle used in a biological filtration device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】生物濾過装置は、基本的には、濾材によ
る物理的濾過と、濾材に付着繁殖させた微生物による有
機物除去の２つの機能を備えた濾過装置をいう。生物濾
過装置としては、例えば特開平２−１８４３９７号公報
に開示されたものがある。この公報記載の生物濾過装置
は、図２に示すように、濾過槽１内にアンスラサイトや
シャモット等の濾材からなる濾床２が設けられている。
濾床２は、濾過槽１の下部に水平に設置された床板３上
に濾材を敷き詰めることで形成される。床板３には複数
本の集水ノズル４が適当なパターンで、例えば１ｍ2当
たり２５本、正方パターンで配置されており、この集水
ノズル４により床板３の上側と下側とが連通されてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Basically, a biological filtration device is a filtration device having two functions of physical filtration by a filter medium and removal of organic substances by microorganisms attached to and propagated on the filter medium. An example of a biological filtration device is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-184397. As shown in FIG. 2, the biological filtration device described in this publication includes a filtration tank 1 provided with a filter bed 2 made of a filter medium such as anthracite or chamotte.
The filter bed 2 is formed by laying a filter medium on a floor plate 3 horizontally installed below the filter tank 1. A plurality of water collecting nozzles 4 are arranged on the floor plate 3 in an appropriate pattern, for example, in a square pattern of 25 per 1 m 2 , and the water collecting nozzles 4 communicate the upper side and the lower side of the floor plate 3. I have.
【０００３】このような生物濾過装置においては、被処
理水が濾過槽１の上部から供給され、濾床２を通過する
過程で、濾床２に付着生育している微生物による生物濾
過（有機物分解）機能により被処理水中のＢＯＤ、ＣＯ
Ｄ、ＮＨ4−Ｎ等が低減されると共に、濾床２の持つ物
理的濾過機能により被処理水中の懸濁物質等が除去され
る。その後、この被処理水は集水ノズル４を通して床板
３の下側の空間（以下「集水室」という）５に至り、清
浄な濾過水として外部の濾過水槽等に回収される。In such a biofiltration apparatus, the water to be treated is supplied from the upper part of the filtration tank 1 and passes through the filter bed 2, and is subjected to biological filtration (organic matter decomposition) by microorganisms attached and growing on the filter bed 2. ) BOD, CO in treated water by function
D, NH 4 -N, etc. are reduced, and suspended substances and the like in the water to be treated are removed by the physical filtration function of the filter bed 2. Thereafter, the water to be treated reaches a space (hereinafter, referred to as a “water collecting chamber”) 5 below the floor plate 3 through a water collecting nozzle 4 and is collected as clean filtered water in an external filtered water tank or the like.
【０００４】また、微生物による生物濾過機能を発揮さ
せるためには被処理水中に十分な酸素が必要であること
から、濾過時には集水室５に空気を送り込み、その空気
が集水ノズル４を通して濾床２側に供給され被処理水中
に十分な酸素を溶存させるようになっている。[0004] Further, since sufficient oxygen is required in the water to be treated in order to exert the biological filtration function of microorganisms, air is sent into the water collection chamber 5 during filtration, and the air is filtered through the water collection nozzle 4. Sufficient oxygen is supplied to the floor 2 and dissolved in the water to be treated.
【０００５】このように集水ノズル４は、上方から下方
への被処理水の流通機能と、下方から上方への空気の流
通機能との２機能を有する必要があるため、従来一般の
集水ノズル４は、図３に示すように、床板３から集水室
５内に延びるノズルステム６に、空気取入れ口としての
小孔７が形成されている。[0005] As described above, the water collecting nozzle 4 needs to have two functions, that is, the function of circulating water to be treated from above to below and the function of circulating air from below to above. As shown in FIG. 3, the nozzle 4 has a nozzle stem 6 extending from the floor plate 3 into the water collecting chamber 5 and a small hole 7 serving as an air intake.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上述し
たような従来構成においては、生物濾過装置に設置され
る集水ノズル４は全て同型のものであり、従って集水ノ
ズル４の製造誤差や取付誤差等により、ノズルステム６
の小孔７の高さにばらつきが生ずることがある。小孔７
の高さにばらつきがある場合には、集水室５内の濾過水
の水面下に小孔７が位置する可能性がある。かかる場
合、その小孔７を有する集水ノズル４からは濾床２に空
気は供給されないことになり、その数が多くなると、微
生物による有機物の分解能力が低下するおそれがある。However, in the above-described conventional configuration, the water collecting nozzles 4 installed in the biological filtration device are all of the same type, so that the manufacturing error and the mounting error of the water collecting nozzle 4 are made. The nozzle stem 6
The height of the small holes 7 may vary. Small hole 7
If there is a variation in the height, the small holes 7 may be located below the surface of the filtered water in the water collecting chamber 5. In such a case, no air is supplied to the filter bed 2 from the water collecting nozzle 4 having the small holes 7, and if the number increases, the ability of microorganisms to decompose organic substances may decrease.
【０００７】また、通常の運転時（濾過時）において
は、例えば１ｍ2当たりの集水ノズル４の本数が２５本
である場合、必要空気量は処理水量１ｍ3当たり０．３
ｍ3／分程度となる。この空気量を全ての集水ノズル４
から得ようとすると小孔７の径は１〜２ｍｍ程度とな
る。この孔径は小さいため、スライムの付着等により小
孔７が目詰まりを起こしてしまう可能性がある。その一
方で、孔径を大きくした場合には、必要以上の空気が濾
床２に供給されるのみならず、通水抵抗が大きくなり、
物理的濾過の妨げとなってしまう。During normal operation (during filtration), for example, if the number of water collecting nozzles 4 per 1 m 2 is 25, the required air amount is 0.3 per 1 m 3 of treated water.
m 3 / min. This amount of air is used for all water collecting nozzles 4
From the above, the diameter of the small hole 7 is about 1 to 2 mm. Since this hole diameter is small, there is a possibility that the small holes 7 may be clogged due to adhesion of slime or the like. On the other hand, when the pore diameter is increased, not only is air supplied to the filter bed 2 more than necessary, but also the flow resistance increases,
It hinders physical filtration.
【０００８】そこで、本発明の目的は、上述した従来に
おける技術的課題を解決することができ、被処理水の濾
過を安定に且つ確実に行うことができる生物濾過装置を
提供することにある。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a biological filtration device which can solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the related art and can stably and reliably filter the water to be treated.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明者は種々検討した結果、濾床内の微生物によ
る生物濾過に関しては、全ての集水ノズルからの曝気は
必要ないことを見出した。一方、生物濾過装置では、定
期的に集水ノズルから空気及び洗浄水、又は空気のみを
濾床に供給して洗浄を行うのが一般的であるが、この時
の空気は濾床に可能な限り均等に供給することが、洗浄
効果を高めることも見出した。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have made various studies and found that aeration from all water collecting nozzles is not necessary for biological filtration by microorganisms in a filter bed. I found it. On the other hand, in a biological filtration device, it is common that air and washing water or only air is supplied to a filter bed from a water collecting nozzle periodically to perform washing, but the air at this time can be supplied to the filter bed. It has also been found that supplying as evenly as possible enhances the cleaning effect.
【００１０】本発明は、かかる知見に基づいてなされた
ものであり、濾過槽と、この濾過槽内に水平に設けられ
た床板と、床板上に配置され微生物が付着繁殖される濾
床と、床板に取り付けられ床板の上下間を連通する複数
本の第１の集水ノズルと、床板に取り付けられ床板の上
下間を連通する複数本の第２の集水ノズルとを備える生
物濾過装置であって、第１の集水ノズル及び第２の集水
ノズルが、床板からこの床板の下側の集水室内に延び且
つ空気を取り入れる小孔が形成されたノズルステムを有
し、第１の集水ノズルにおける小孔が、濾過時における
集水室内の第１の液面位置よりも上方に位置されてお
り、第２の集水ノズルにおける小孔が、第１の液面位置
よりも下方であって、洗浄時における前記集水室内の第
２の液面位置よりも上方に位置されていることを特徴と
している。[0010] The present invention has been made based on such knowledge, and includes a filter tank, a floor plate horizontally provided in the filter tank, a filter bed disposed on the floor plate, to which microorganisms adhere and propagate. A biological filtration device comprising: a plurality of first water collecting nozzles attached to a floor plate and communicating between upper and lower sides of the floor plate; and a plurality of second water collecting nozzles attached to the floor plate and communicating between the upper and lower sides of the floor plate. A first water collecting nozzle and a second water collecting nozzle having a nozzle stem extending from a floor plate into a water collecting chamber below the floor plate and having a small hole formed therein for taking in air; The small hole in the water nozzle is located above the first liquid level position in the water collecting chamber at the time of filtration, and the small hole in the second water collecting nozzle is below the first liquid level position. And the second liquid level position in the water collection chamber during the cleaning. It is characterized by being located towards.
【００１１】このような構成においては、通常の濾過時
には、第１の集水ノズルのみが通気用として機能し、第
２の集水ノズルからは空気は床板の上方の濾床には供給
されない。これにより、第２の集水ノズルの通水抵抗は
少なく、集水効率を高めることができる。また、第１の
集水ノズル１本当たりの通気量を増やすことになるの
で、小孔の径を大きくすることができ、これにより小孔
の目詰まりを防止できる。In such a configuration, at the time of ordinary filtration, only the first water collecting nozzle functions for ventilation, and no air is supplied from the second water collecting nozzle to the filter bed above the floor plate. Thereby, the water flow resistance of the second water collecting nozzle is small, and the water collecting efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the amount of ventilation per first water collecting nozzle is increased, the diameter of the small hole can be increased, thereby preventing the small hole from being clogged.
【００１２】洗浄時には第１及び第２の集水ノズルが通
気用として機能するため、多量の空気を濾床に送り込
み、十分な洗浄を行うことができる。[0012] Since the first and second water collecting nozzles function for ventilation during washing, a large amount of air can be sent to the filter bed to perform sufficient washing.
【００１３】また、前記小孔が目詰まりを生じた場合を
考慮し、第１の集水ノズル及び第２の集水ノズルにおけ
るノズルステムに、第２の液面位置よりも下方に予備孔
を形成しておくことが有効である。In consideration of the case where the small holes are clogged, preliminary holes are provided below the second liquid level in the nozzle stems of the first water collecting nozzle and the second water collecting nozzle. It is effective to form them.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照して本発明の好
適な実施形態について詳細に説明する。なお、本明細書
において「上」及び「下」の語は使用状態若しくは取付
状態での「上」、「下」をいい、便宜的な語である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In this specification, the terms “up” and “down” refer to “up” and “down” in a use state or an attached state, and are convenient terms.
【００１５】図１は、本発明による生物濾過装置の一部
を拡大して示したものである。生物濾過装置の全体構成
は、集水ノズル１０（１０Ａ，１０Ｂ）に関するもの以
外は、先に示した図２のものと実質的に同一である。そ
こで、まず本実施形態の生物濾過装置を図２に沿って簡
単に説明する。この生物濾過装置は、濾過槽１と、この
濾過槽１の下部に水平に配置された床板３とを備えてい
る。床板３はコンクリート等により形成されたものであ
り、濾過槽１内を上部空間と下部空間（集水室）５に仕
切っている。床板３の上部にはアンスラサイトやシャモ
ット等の濾材が敷き詰められ、濾床２が形成されてい
る。また、床板３には複数本の集水ノズル１０が適当な
パターンで貫通配置されている。FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of a part of the biological filtration device according to the present invention. Except for the water collecting nozzle 10 (10A, 10B), the overall configuration of the biological filtration device is substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 2 described above. Therefore, first, the biological filtration device of the present embodiment will be briefly described with reference to FIG. This biological filtration device includes a filtration tank 1 and a floor plate 3 disposed horizontally below the filtration tank 1. The floor plate 3 is made of concrete or the like, and divides the inside of the filtration tank 1 into an upper space and a lower space (water collecting chamber) 5. A filter medium such as anthracite or chamotte is spread over the floor plate 3 to form a filter bed 2. In addition, a plurality of water collecting nozzles 10 are arranged through the floor plate 3 in an appropriate pattern.
【００１６】また、濾過槽１の集水室５には配管１１を
介して、槽外部に配置された濾過水槽１２が接続されて
おり、集水室５に集められた処理済み水、すなわち濾過
水を一時的に貯めるようにしている。配管１１には、洗
浄水槽１３からポンプ１４を介して延びる配管１５が接
続されている。各配管１１，１５には弁１６，１７が設
けられている。なお、図示実施形態では、濾過水を洗浄
水として使用することとしているので、濾過水槽１２と
洗浄水槽１３とは連通されている。Further, a filtered water tank 12 disposed outside the tank is connected to the water collecting chamber 5 of the filtering tank 1 through a pipe 11, and the treated water collected in the water collecting chamber 5, that is, the filtered water is filtered. We store water temporarily. The pipe 11 is connected to a pipe 15 extending from the washing water tank 13 via a pump 14. Valves 16 and 17 are provided in each of the pipes 11 and 15. In the illustrated embodiment, since the filtered water is used as the washing water, the filtered water tank 12 and the washing water tank 13 are in communication.
【００１７】更に、濾過槽１の集水室５には、生物濾過
に必要な空気を供給する通気ブロワ１８と、濾床２を空
気洗浄する際に空気を供給する洗浄ブロア１９とがそれ
ぞれ配管２０，２１を介して接続されている。濾過時と
洗浄時の空気流量が異なっているので、これらのブロワ
１８，１９は吐出量が異なっているが、吐出量可変型の
ポンプを使用するならば、ブロワは１台だけとすること
もできる。ブロワ１８，１９からの配管２０，２１にも
弁２２，２３が取り付けられている。Further, a ventilation blower 18 for supplying air required for biological filtration and a cleaning blower 19 for supplying air when the filter bed 2 is cleaned with air are provided in the water collecting chamber 5 of the filtration tank 1 by piping. 20 and 21 are connected. Since the air flow rates at the time of filtration and at the time of washing are different, these blowers 18 and 19 have different discharge amounts. However, if a discharge amount variable type pump is used, only one blower may be used. it can. Valves 22 and 23 are also attached to pipes 20 and 21 from the blowers 18 and 19.
【００１８】洗浄水を集水室５に導入し、集水ノズル１
０から床板３の上方に供給した場合、洗浄水は濾過槽１
の上部に取付けられた排水トラフ２４から配管２５を通
して槽外部の排水槽２６に排出されるようになってい
る。この排水槽２６内の排水は適当な水処理設備により
処理された後、廃棄される。The washing water is introduced into the collecting chamber 5, and the collecting nozzle 1
When supplied from above to the floor plate 3, the washing water is supplied to the filtration tank 1.
From the drain trough 24 attached to the upper part of the tank through a pipe 25 to a drain tank 26 outside the tank. The wastewater in the drainage tank 26 is discarded after being treated by an appropriate water treatment facility.
【００１９】ここで、集水ノズル１０について更に詳細
に説明する。本実施形態では、床板２に取り付けられる
集水ノズル１０は２種類となっている。図１にはその２
種類の集水ノズル１０が示されており、その一方の集水
ノズル（第１の集水ノズル）には添字Ａを付し、他方の
集水ノズル（第２の集水ノズル）には添字Ｂを付してい
る。両集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂは外形に関しては実質
的に同一である。すなわち、両集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０
Ｂは、ポリプロピレン等の化学的、熱的に耐久性のある
適当な材料から作られており、基本的には、床板３に埋
設されるノズルブッシュ２７と、このノズルブッシュ２
７の上端部に取り付けられ濾床２内に配置されるノズル
ドーム２８と、ノズルブッシュ２８に取り付けられ集水
室５内に所定長さで下方に延びる管状のノズルステム２
９とから構成されている。ノズルドーム２８の内部はノ
ズルステム２９の内部と連通している。また、ノズルド
ーム２８には、複数のスリット３０が形成されており、
このスリット３０を通して空気や被処理水、洗浄水が集
水ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂの内外間を流通できるようにな
っている。Here, the water collecting nozzle 10 will be described in more detail. In the present embodiment, there are two types of water collecting nozzles 10 attached to the floor plate 2. FIG.
One type of water collecting nozzle 10 is shown, one of the water collecting nozzles (first water collecting nozzle) is given a suffix A, and the other water collecting nozzle (second water collecting nozzle) is suffixed. B is attached. The two water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B are substantially the same in outer shape. That is, both water collecting nozzles 10A, 10A
B is made of a suitable material that is chemically and thermally durable, such as polypropylene, and basically has a nozzle bush 27 embedded in the floor plate 3 and a nozzle bush 2.
A nozzle dome 28 mounted on the upper end of the filter bed 2 and disposed in the filter bed 2; and a tubular nozzle stem 2 mounted on the nozzle bush 28 and extending downward by a predetermined length into the water collecting chamber 5.
9. The inside of the nozzle dome 28 communicates with the inside of the nozzle stem 29. Further, a plurality of slits 30 are formed in the nozzle dome 28,
The air, the water to be treated, and the washing water can flow between the inside and outside of the water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B through the slit 30.
【００２０】第１の集水ノズル１０Ａと第２の集水ノズ
ル１０Ｂ間の相違点は、ノズルステム２９の側面に形成
される小孔３１Ａ，３１Ｂの位置にある。すなわち、第
１の集水ノズル１０Ａでは、ノズルステム２９の小孔３
１Ａはノズルブッシュ２７に近い位置に形成されて、第
２の集水ノズル１０Ｂの小孔３１Ｂはノズルブッシュ２
７からやや離れた位置に形成されている。この小孔３１
Ａ，３１Ｂの位置は、集水室５に貯留される濾過水の液
面位置により定められる。The difference between the first water collecting nozzle 10A and the second water collecting nozzle 10B lies in the positions of small holes 31A and 31B formed on the side surface of the nozzle stem 29. That is, in the first water collecting nozzle 10A, the small holes 3 of the nozzle stem 29 are formed.
1A is formed at a position close to the nozzle bush 27, and the small hole 31B of the second water collecting nozzle 10B is
7 is formed at a position slightly distant from. This small hole 31
The positions of A and 31B are determined by the liquid surface position of the filtered water stored in the water collecting chamber 5.
【００２１】集水室５内の液面は、濾過時においては、
床板３の下面に比較的近い第１の液面位置Ｌ１に概ね保
たれる。一方、洗浄時には集水室５内に濾過時以上に空
気が多量に導入されるため、集水室５内の液面は第１の
液面位置Ｌ１よりも下方の第２の液面位置Ｌ２となる。
そこで、本発明では、集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂが床板
３に取り付けられた状態において、濾過時には、第１の
集水ノズル１０Ａの小孔３１Ａは第１の液面位置Ｌ１よ
りも高い位置に配置され、第２の集水ノズル１０Ｂの小
孔３１Ｂは第１の液面位置Ｌ１よりも下方に配置される
ようにした。また、洗浄時には両集水ノズル１０Ａ，１
０Ｂの小孔３１Ａ，３１Ｂは第２の液面位置Ｌ２よりも
上方に配置されるよう、小孔３１Ａ，３１Ｂが位置決め
されている。これから理解される通り、第１の集水ノズ
ル１０Ａは濾過時と洗浄時に通気用として使用され、第
２の集水ノズル１０Ｂは洗浄時にのみ通気用として使用
される。また、第１及び第２の集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０
Ｂは共に濾過水の流通路として機能する。The liquid level in the water collecting chamber 5 is set at the time of filtration.
The first liquid level position L1 relatively close to the lower surface of the floor plate 3 is generally maintained. On the other hand, at the time of washing, since a larger amount of air is introduced into the water collecting chamber 5 than at the time of filtration, the liquid level in the water collecting chamber 5 is lower than the second liquid level position L2 below the first liquid level position L1. Becomes
Therefore, in the present invention, in the state where the water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B are attached to the floor plate 3, at the time of filtration, the small holes 31A of the first water collecting nozzle 10A are arranged at positions higher than the first liquid level position L1. Then, the small holes 31B of the second water collecting nozzle 10B are arranged below the first liquid level position L1. In addition, at the time of washing, both water collecting nozzles 10A, 1
The small holes 31A, 31B are positioned so that the small holes 31A, 31B of 0B are arranged above the second liquid level position L2. As will be understood, the first water collecting nozzle 10A is used for ventilation during filtration and cleaning, and the second water collecting nozzle 10B is used for ventilation only during cleaning. Also, the first and second water collecting nozzles 10A, 10A
B both function as a flow passage for filtered water.
【００２２】集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂの配置パターン
としては、正方形のパターン（碁盤の目状）が一般的で
あり、例えば１ｍ2当たり２５本設置することが好適で
ある。この場合、例えば２５本のうち２本を第１の集水
ノズル１０Ａとし、その他の２３本を第２の集水ノズル
１０Ｂとすることが好ましい。従来の技術の欄で説明し
た通り、従来では２５本全ての集水ノズルが濾過時にも
通気用として機能するため、必要空気量の関係で定めら
れた小孔の径は１〜２ｍｍと小さくせざるを得なかった
が、本実施形態では、第２の集水ノズル１０Ｂが濾過時
には通気用としては機能しないため、第１の集水ノズル
１０Ｂのそれぞれの小孔３１Ａの径を拡大し、濾過時に
導入される空気量を増加させることができる。これによ
り、小孔３１Ａの径は、スライム等による目詰まりの発
生を大幅に低減できる大きさ、例えば４〜６ｍｍ以上と
することができる。また、第２の集水ノズル１０Ｂの小
孔３１Ｂも第１の集水ノズル１０Ａの小孔３１Ａと同寸
法とすることが好ましい。これは、目詰まり防止のため
であり、空気洗浄時に同量の空気が第１及び第２の集水
ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂを通って濾床２に均等に供給され
るようにするためでもある。As the arrangement pattern of the water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B, a square pattern (a grid pattern) is generally used. For example, it is preferable to provide 25 nozzles per 1 m 2 . In this case, for example, it is preferable that two of the 25 nozzles be the first water collecting nozzle 10A and the other 23 be the second water collecting nozzle 10B. As described in the section of the related art, conventionally, all 25 water collecting nozzles function as vents at the time of filtration. Therefore, the diameter of the small holes determined in relation to the required amount of air is reduced to 1 to 2 mm. In the present embodiment, since the second water collecting nozzle 10B does not function as an air vent at the time of filtration, the diameter of each small hole 31A of the first water collecting nozzle 10B is increased, and filtration is performed. Sometimes the amount of air introduced can be increased. Thereby, the diameter of the small hole 31A can be set to a size that can significantly reduce the occurrence of clogging due to slime or the like, for example, 4 to 6 mm or more. Further, it is preferable that the small hole 31B of the second water collecting nozzle 10B has the same size as the small hole 31A of the first water collecting nozzle 10A. This is to prevent clogging, and also to ensure that the same amount of air is evenly supplied to the filter bed 2 through the first and second water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B during air cleaning.
【００２３】なお、小孔３１Ａ，３１Ｂの径が大きくと
も、長年の使用等により目詰まりを起こすことが考えら
れるので、第２の液面位置Ｌ２よりも下方となるノズル
ステム２９の適所に予備孔３４，３５を形成しておくこ
とが好ましい。個数については制限はないが、２ないし
３個程度が好適である。Note that even if the diameters of the small holes 31A and 31B are large, clogging may occur due to long-term use or the like. Preferably, holes 34 and 35 are formed. The number is not limited, but is preferably about two or three.
【００２４】次に、上述した構成の生物濾過装置の作用
について図１及び図２を参照して説明する。Next, the operation of the biological filtration device having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.
【００２５】被処理水の濾過を行う場合、まず、通気ブ
ロワ１８を駆動すると共に、配管２０の弁２２を開き、
集水室５内に空気を導入する。また、配管１１の弁１６
を開くと共に、配管３６の弁３７を開いて濾過槽１の上
部から被処理水を導入する。これにより、床板３上に形
成された濾床２により物理的濾過及び生物濾過がされた
被処理水が全ての集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂにおけるノ
ズルドーム２８のスリット３０からノズルステム２９の
内部を通って、床板３の下方の集水室５に流入し、この
集水室５内の濾過水は配管１１を通って濾過水槽１２に
排出される。空気導入量、被処理水の導入量、濾過水の
排出量はコントロールされているため、運転を続け安定
状態となると、集水室５内の濾過水の液面は第１の液面
位置Ｌ１にて概ね保たれる。この状態では、第１の集水
ノズル１０Ａの小孔３１Ａからのみ空気が導入され、濾
床２に供給される。この空気は、濾床２に付着した微生
物の繁殖、及び、微生物による有機物の分解に利用され
る。濾過時、第２の集水ノズル１０Ｂの小孔３１Ｂは濾
過水中に没し、そこからは通気されないので、第１の集
水ノズル１０Ａのみが通水抵抗を持つため、第２の集水
ノズル１０Ｂでの集水効果は高く維持され、全体として
通水抵抗による集水効果の低減を防止することができ
る。When filtering the water to be treated, first, the ventilation blower 18 is driven, and the valve 22 of the pipe 20 is opened.
Air is introduced into the water collecting chamber 5. Also, the valve 16 of the pipe 11
, And the valve 37 of the pipe 36 is opened to introduce the water to be treated from the upper part of the filtration tank 1. As a result, the water to be treated, which has been physically and biologically filtered by the filter bed 2 formed on the floor plate 3, passes through the slits 30 of the nozzle dome 28 in all the water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B and the inside of the nozzle stem 29. Then, the water flows into the water collecting chamber 5 below the floor plate 3, and the filtered water in the water collecting chamber 5 is discharged to the filtered water tank 12 through the pipe 11. Since the amount of air introduced, the amount of water to be treated, and the amount of filtered water discharged are controlled, when the operation is continued and becomes stable, the liquid level of the filtered water in the water collecting chamber 5 becomes the first liquid level position L1. It is generally kept at. In this state, air is introduced only from the small holes 31A of the first water collecting nozzle 10A and supplied to the filter bed 2. This air is used for propagation of microorganisms attached to the filter bed 2 and decomposition of organic matter by the microorganisms. At the time of filtration, the small hole 31B of the second water collecting nozzle 10B is immersed in the filtered water and is not ventilated from there. Therefore, only the first water collecting nozzle 10A has water flow resistance. The water collecting effect at 10B is maintained high, and the reduction of the water collecting effect due to the water flow resistance can be prevented as a whole.
【００２６】洗浄時には、通気ブロワ１８を停止し、弁
１６，２２を閉じる。そして、弁２３を開いて洗浄ポン
プ１９を駆動し、通気ブロワ１８よりも多量の洗浄用空
気を集水室５内に導入する。同時に、弁１７を開いて、
ポンプ１４を駆動し、集水室５内に洗浄水（濾過水）を
供給する。集水室５内に供給された洗浄水は、各集水ノ
ズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂのノズルステム２９の下端から上昇
し、濾床２内に送り込まれる。また、集水室５内に導入
された空気は、集水室５内の液面を第２の液面位置Ｌ２
に押し下げ、第２の集水ノズル１０Ｂの小孔３１Ｂも液
面上に現れる。これにより、全ての集水ノズル１０Ａ，
１０Ｂを通って空気が濾床２内に供給される。濾床２に
供給された洗浄水及び空気は協働し、濾床２に詰まった
付着物を洗い出し、濾床２の上方に浮き上がらせる。こ
の際、第１及び第２の集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂにおけ
るノズルステム２９の内径は同一であり、小孔３１Ａ，
３１Ｂの径も同一径であるので、単位面積当たりの洗浄
水と空気の供給量は均等となり、濾床２全体を均質に洗
浄することができる。洗浄水の液面は排水トラフ２４の
上縁まで上昇するため、洗浄水は排水トラフ２４により
回収され、配管２５を経て排水槽２６に排水される。At the time of cleaning, the ventilation blower 18 is stopped, and the valves 16 and 22 are closed. Then, the valve 23 is opened and the cleaning pump 19 is driven to introduce a larger amount of cleaning air than the ventilation blower 18 into the water collecting chamber 5. At the same time, open the valve 17,
The pump 14 is driven to supply washing water (filtration water) into the water collecting chamber 5. The washing water supplied into the water collecting chamber 5 rises from the lower end of the nozzle stem 29 of each of the water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B and is sent into the filter bed 2. Further, the air introduced into the water collecting chamber 5 changes the liquid level in the water collecting chamber 5 to the second liquid level position L2.
And the small hole 31B of the second water collecting nozzle 10B also appears on the liquid surface. Thereby, all the water collecting nozzles 10A,
Air is supplied into the filter bed 2 through 10B. The washing water and the air supplied to the filter bed 2 cooperate to wash out the deposits clogged in the filter bed 2 and to float above the filter bed 2. At this time, the inner diameter of the nozzle stem 29 in the first and second water collecting nozzles 10A, 10B is the same, and the small holes 31A,
Since the diameter of 31B is also the same, the supply amounts of the washing water and air per unit area become uniform, and the entire filter bed 2 can be uniformly washed. Since the liquid level of the washing water rises to the upper edge of the drain trough 24, the washing water is collected by the drain trough 24 and drained to the drain tank 26 via the pipe 25.
【００２７】なお、小孔３１Ａ又は３１Ｂが目詰まりを
起こした場合には、床板３の下側の空気ゾーンが広が
り、液面が下がってノズルステム２９の下端が露出し、
大量の空気が集水ノズル１０Ａ，１０Ｂに入り込むおそ
れがあるが、本実施形態では、予備孔３４，３５が形成
されているため、空気ゾーンが過度に広がることはな
い。When the small holes 31A or 31B are clogged, the air zone below the floor plate 3 expands, the liquid level drops, and the lower end of the nozzle stem 29 is exposed.
Although a large amount of air may enter the water collecting nozzles 10A and 10B, in the present embodiment, since the preliminary holes 34 and 35 are formed, the air zone is not excessively widened.
【００２８】以上、本発明の好適な実施形態について詳
細に説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されない
ことは言うまでもない。Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
【００２９】例えば、集水室内に液面計を設置し、この
液面計からの出力信号に基づいてコンピュータにより各
弁１６，１７，２２，２３，３７，３８を制御する等
し、被処理水の導入量、濾過水の排出量、空気の導入量
を適宜制御することで、濾過時の液面、洗浄時の液面を
確実に維持するようにしてもよい。For example, a liquid level gauge is installed in the water collecting chamber, and the valves 16, 17, 22, 23, 37, and 38 are controlled by a computer based on an output signal from the liquid level gauge, and so on. By appropriately controlling the amount of water introduced, the amount of filtered water discharged, and the amount of air introduced, the liquid level during filtration and the liquid level during washing may be reliably maintained.
【００３０】また、第１の集水ノズル１０Ａと第２の集
水ノズル１０Ｂの本数の割合や小孔３１Ａ，３１Ｂ，３
４，３５のサイズ等も上記実施形態に限られない。The ratio of the number of the first water collecting nozzle 10A to the number of the second water collecting nozzle 10B and the small holes 31A, 31B, 3
The sizes and the like of 4, 35 are not limited to the above embodiment.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように、本発明によれば、通
常の濾過時には、第１の集水ノズルのみが通気用として
機能し、第２の集水ノズルからは空気は床板の上方の濾
床には供給されない。これにより、第２の集水ノズルの
通水抵抗は少なく、集水効率を高めることができる。ま
た、第１の集水ノズル１本当たりの通気量を増やすこと
になるので、小孔の径を大きくすることができ、これに
より小孔の目詰まりを防止できる。一方、洗浄時には第
１及び第２の集水ノズルが通気用として機能するため、
多量の空気を濾床に送り込み、十分な洗浄を行うことが
できる。As described above, according to the present invention, at the time of ordinary filtration, only the first water collecting nozzle functions for ventilation, and air flows from the second water collecting nozzle above the floor plate. It is not fed to the filter bed. Thereby, the water flow resistance of the second water collecting nozzle is small, and the water collecting efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the amount of ventilation per first water collecting nozzle is increased, the diameter of the small hole can be increased, thereby preventing the small hole from being clogged. On the other hand, at the time of washing, the first and second water collecting nozzles function for ventilation,
A large amount of air can be sent to the filter bed to perform sufficient washing.
【００３２】このような数多くの効果が相俟って、本発
明による生物濾過装置は安定且つ確実な濾過を行うこと
が可能となる。[0032] With such a number of effects, the biological filtration device according to the present invention can perform stable and reliable filtration.
【図１】本発明による生物濾過装置の要部を示す縦断面
図である。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of a biological filtration device according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明が適用され得る生物濾過装置の全体構成
を示す概要図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a biological filtration device to which the present invention can be applied.
【図３】従来の生物濾過装置の要部を示す縦断面図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of a conventional biological filtration device.
１…濾過槽、２…濾床、３…床板、５…集水室、１０Ａ
…第１の集水ノズル、１０Ｂ…第２の集水ノズル、２７
…ノズルブッシュ、２８…ノズルドーム、２９…ノズル
ステム、３０…スリット、３１Ａ，３１Ｂ…小孔、３
４，３５…予備孔、Ｌ１…第１の液面位置、Ｌ２…第２
の液面位置。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Filter tank, 2 ... Filter bed, 3 ... Floor board, 5 ... Water collecting room, 10A
... first water collecting nozzle, 10B ... second water collecting nozzle, 27
... Nozzle bush, 28 ... Nozzle dome, 29 ... Nozzle stem, 30 ... Slit, 31A, 31B ... Small hole, 3
4, 35: preliminary holes, L1: first liquid level position, L2: second
Liquid level position.
Claims (2)
れた床板と、前記床板上に配置され微生物が付着繁殖さ
れる濾床と、前記床板に取り付けられ前記床板の上下間
を連通する複数本の第１の集水ノズルと、前記床板に取
り付けられ前記床板の上下間を連通する複数本の第２の
集水ノズルとを備える生物濾過装置であって、 前記第１の集水ノズル及び前記第２の集水ノズルが、前
記床板から前記床板の下側の集水室内に延び且つ空気を
取り入れる小孔が形成されたノズルステムを有し、 前記第１の集水ノズルにおける前記小孔が、濾過時にお
ける前記集水室内の第１の液面位置よりも上方に位置さ
れており、 前記第２の集水ノズルにおける前記小孔が、前記第１の
液面位置よりも下方であって、洗浄時における前記集水
室内の第２の液面位置よりも上方に位置されていること
を特徴とする生物濾過装置。1. A filter tank, a floor plate horizontally provided in the filter tank, a filter bed disposed on the floor plate, on which microorganisms are attached and propagated, communicates between the top and bottom of the floor plate attached to the floor plate. A biological filtration device comprising: a plurality of first water collecting nozzles; and a plurality of second water collecting nozzles attached to the floor plate and communicating between upper and lower sides of the floor plate, wherein the first water collecting nozzle The nozzle and the second water collecting nozzle have a nozzle stem that extends from the floor plate into a water collecting chamber below the floor plate and has a small hole for taking in air, and the nozzle in the first water collecting nozzle The small hole is located above a first liquid level position in the water collecting chamber at the time of filtration, and the small hole in the second water collecting nozzle is lower than the first liquid level position. And a second liquid level in the water collection chamber at the time of washing. A biological filtration device, which is located above the device.
水ノズルにおける前記ノズルステムが、前記第２の液面
位置よりも下方に形成された予備孔を有することを特徴
とする請求項１に記載の生物濾過装置。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle stems of the first water collecting nozzle and the second water collecting nozzle have preliminary holes formed below the second liquid level position. Item 2. The biological filtration device according to Item 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000099496A JP3453101B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | Biological filtration equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000099496A JP3453101B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | Biological filtration equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001276860A true JP2001276860A (en) | 2001-10-09 |
| JP3453101B2 JP3453101B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 |
Family
ID=18613838
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000099496A Expired - Fee Related JP3453101B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | Biological filtration equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3453101B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008161813A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Fuso Kensetsu Kogyo Kk | Air-water dispersion mechanism |
-
2000
- 2000-03-31 JP JP2000099496A patent/JP3453101B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008161813A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Fuso Kensetsu Kogyo Kk | Air-water dispersion mechanism |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3453101B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 |
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