JP2001045879A - Liquid mulching method and liquid mulching material - Google Patents

Abstract

[57] [Abstract] [Problem] To provide a multi-layer film that is easy to lay, has excellent heat insulation, water permeability and moisture permeability functions, is not washed away by rainwater, and is naturally decomposed after use and does not need to be collected. Provided are a liquid mulching method to be formed and a liquid mulching material used for the method. A liquid mulching method in which a resin emulsion in which plant fibers are dispersed is sprayed, or an aqueous dispersion of plant fibers is sprayed, and then the resin emulsion is sprayed. A liquid mulching material obtained by dispersing plant fibers in a bituminous emulsion or a polymer emulsion.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid mulching method which forms a multi-coating film which is excellent in heat retention, water permeability and moisture permeability and is resistant to rainwater and the like, and a liquid mulching material used therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In cultivation of agricultural crops and flower garden crops, mulching in which the surface of a culture medium is covered with a plastic film is performed in a cold region or a low temperature spring crop. When mulching, the dissipation of geothermal heat is suppressed, and in a black mulch using a black film, the absorptivity of solar heat is improved and the ground temperature rises. Moreover, mulching is sometimes performed for this purpose because mulching hinders the growth of weeds and eliminates the need for weeding.

[0003] In order to perform this mulching, it is necessary to lay a multi-film on a culture medium using a multi-laying machine, and to put weight for weight on the film so that the film is not blown off by the wind. It also takes time to remove the used multi-film, and burning the removed old multi-film causes environmental problems such as air pollution and recycling is not easy.

[0004] In addition, mulching, which creates a favorable growth environment for plants due to a warming effect and a warming effect at low temperatures, must be removed because the ground temperature rises too much in summer. A plastic film such as a polyethylene film or a polyvinyl chloride film used for mulching functions as a waterproof material in a heavy rainy season because of its excellent water barrier property, but hinders natural irrigation to a cultivated ground in a little rainy season. Further, the plastic film has low moisture permeability, and when heated by sunlight in the daytime, water vapor accumulates inside the film, which may cause root rot of the crop.

On the other hand, mulching without using a plastic film has also been proposed. For example, a method is known in which an asphalt emulsion, which is an emulsified dispersion of petroleum asphalt, is sprayed to form a mulching of an asphalt film on the surface of a culture medium. According to this method, it is only necessary to spray the liquid asphalt emulsion on the culture medium using a power spraying device or the like, and it is possible to remarkably save labor compared with film mulching.
By adjusting the spray amount, the thickness of the asphalt film can be arbitrarily changed. In addition, it can form a film regardless of the unevenness of the medium surface, and has a binder function of bonding the soil surface with the film. And this film has excellent air permeability, and at the time of high temperature in summer, it disperses water vapor to lower the ground temperature, and since it does not collect water droplets, it is also effective in preventing root rot.

[0006] However, this asphalt mulching does not have the film strength of a plastic film and is not washed away under normal rain. However, there is a problem that the asphalt mulching is swept away by strong rain and loses the multi-effect. This is remarkable in the ridge which is an inclined surface. It is possible to increase the film strength by spraying asphalt emulsion thickly,
It is not preferable because it hinders the growth of the crop and impairs the excellent air permeability of the asphalt film. It is also conceivable to add a synthetic polymer substance to asphalt to thereby increase the film strength, but a synthetic polymer substance that is not easily decomposed causes another problem such as environmental pollution.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a simple laying operation, excellent heat insulation, water permeation and moisture permeation functions, and not to be washed away by rainwater or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid mulching method for forming a multi-coating film that does not need to be collected, and a liquid mulching material used for the method.

[0008]

That is, the present invention is a liquid mulching method characterized by spraying a resin emulsion in which vegetable fibers are dispersed.

Further, the present invention is a liquid mulching method characterized by spraying a vegetable fiber dispersion and then spraying a resin emulsion.

Further, the present invention is a liquid mulching material obtained by dispersing plant fibers in a bituminous emulsion or a polymer emulsion.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The liquid mulching method of the present invention can improve the strength of the multi-coating by spraying a resin emulsion in which vegetable fibers are dispersed, or by spraying a vegetable fiber aqueous dispersion, and then spraying the resin emulsion. Can,
Multi-film is not washed away by rainwater or irrigation by sprinkler. In addition, since the reinforced multi-coating is easily decomposed by microorganisms such as bacteria, both of the resin component and the fiber component constituting the multi-coating, it is not necessary to remove it after use.

First, the resin emulsion used for the liquid mulching of the present invention is a liquid emulsion which has a function of forming a mulching film on the surface of the medium by being solid before spraying and being solidified after spraying, and which is not easily washed away by rainwater or irrigation. For example, a resin emulsion such as a bituminous emulsion and a polymer emulsion may be used. In addition, starch paste, seaweed paste, aqueous dispersion of natural paste such as gelatin, methylcellulose,
An aqueous dispersion of a synthetic paste such as carboxymethyl cellulose or dextrin is not preferred because it has a film-forming ability, but has low water resistance of the film and is easily washed away by rainwater or irrigation.

Specific examples of the resin emulsion include:
Examples include bituminous emulsions such as asphalt emulsions, and high molecular weight emulsions such as polyvinyl acetate emulsions and polyacrylic acid emulsions. The resin emulsion may be a commercially available one, but is preferably one using a nonionic surfactant as an emulsifier. The solid concentration of the resin emulsion is about 5 to 70%, preferably 20 to 70%.
About 50% is good. To reduce transportation costs, a high-concentration resin emulsion may be used by diluting it to a predetermined solid content concentration with water immediately before spraying.

When a bituminous emulsion such as an asphalt emulsion is used as the resin emulsion, it penetrates and solidifies the sprayed medium and forms a multi-layer on the surface of the medium.
Further, since the bituminous matter adhering to the culture medium surface is black, it has a heating effect by absorbing solar heat and a grass-proof effect by shading, and has the same effect as laying a black multi-film. On the other hand, when the polymer emulsion is used, the resin film becomes transparent, and thus has the same effect as the case where the transparent multi-film is laid. If necessary, the polymer emulsion may be arbitrarily colored by mixing a black pigment or other colored pigments.

Next, examples of the plant fiber used for reinforcing the multi-layer film include one or more of virgin pulp, recycled pulp, crushed waste paper, crushed cotton, and the like. In the present invention, the plant fiber is preferably dispersed in water and used as a plant fiber dispersion having a solid content of about 0.01 to 0.1%. Plant fibers may be added directly to the resin emulsion, but when the solid content of the resin emulsion is high, dispersion of the plant fibers is difficult.
If necessary, a surfactant or a dispersion stabilizer may be added to enhance the stability of the plant fiber dispersion.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to use a prepared liquid mulching material in which plant fibers are dispersed in a resin emulsion in advance. This liquid mulching material comprises a resin emulsion and a vegetable fiber dispersion,
The solid content in the vegetable fiber dispersion is about 0.001 to 0.05 part by weight, preferably about 0.001 to 0.01 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solid content in the resin emulsion, It is preferable that the total solid content is adjusted to about 5 to 70%, preferably about 20 to 50%. The prepared liquid mulching material can be sprayed as it is or simply by diluting it to a predetermined concentration with water, which is convenient for the user.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a resin emulsion and a plant fiber dispersion may be mixed at the time of spraying, instead of the liquid mulching material that has been prepared. In this case, a plurality of tanks are mounted on the spraying machine and both liquids are stored in the tanks, and the resin emulsion and the vegetable fiber dispersion are combined just before the spraying nozzle and mixed and sprayed from one spraying nozzle. It may be sprayed simultaneously from the spray nozzles and mixed on the surface of the culture medium. In this embodiment, the ratio between the resin emulsion and the plant fiber dispersion may be substantially the same as the liquid mulching material.

Further, as another embodiment of the present invention,
First, only the plant fiber dispersion may be sprayed to form a plant fiber film, and then a resin emulsion may be sprayed thereon to form a resin film. In this embodiment, the resin emulsion penetrates into the gaps between the vegetable fiber coatings, and the two are integrated to form a reinforced multi-coating. Also in this embodiment, the ratio between the resin emulsion and the vegetable fiber dispersion may be substantially the same as that of the liquid mulching material, or the fiber content may be slightly increased.

In the liquid mulching method of the present invention,
If necessary, one or more pesticides such as a herbicide, an insecticide, a bactericide, and a plant growth regulator may be added to either the liquid mulching material, the resin emulsion or the plant fiber dispersion. And a fertilizer component may be further added thereto. It is preferable that the agricultural chemical or fertilizer component be dispersed or dissolved in a resin emulsion to be sprayed.

The agricultural chemicals and the like thus mixed are contained in the multi-layered film formed after spraying, and are gradually released without being released at once (sustained release). In the conventional spraying of pesticides alone, the active ingredient runs off due to rainwater or irrigation and the medicinal effect is lost in a short period of time.However, in the liquid mulching method, the active ingredient leaks slightly, and the concentration is slightly higher than in the conventional spraying. By doing so, the medicinal effect can be maintained during the cultivation period of several months. Because the medicinal effect does not last with conventional spraying, it is necessary to spray several times during the cultivation period,
Labor saving of agricultural work is possible.

As a method of spraying the liquid mulching of the present invention, a conventionally known power sprayer or the like can be used, and a fixed type in which a tank and a pump are installed on the ground or a mobile type in which one set is mounted on a vehicle can be used. May be.

The liquid mulching may be sprayed on the entire surface of the culture medium, or may be partially sprayed such as in a strip over only a certain width of the planting row. In particular, in a medium with ridges,
It may be sprayed only on the furrows, or may be sprayed on the light slopes and grooves of the furrows as needed. Spraying on the light slopes and grooves of the ridges to form a multi-coating on them will be effective in controlling weeds, etc. In addition, it is possible to prevent ridge collapse due to rainwater, that is, to protect the shape of the ridges. As described above, mulching on a light slope of a ridge was difficult with conventional mulching films in terms of cost and labor, but in the present invention by spraying liquid mulching, it can be easily laid at any location. In addition, since a film having an arbitrary thickness can be formed by adjusting the amount of spraying, the water permeability and moisture permeability of the multi-layer film can be adjusted.

The amount of the liquid mulching applied according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness, the solid content per 10 ares of the cultivation area is about 10 to 200 kg, preferably 30 to 200 kg.
About 60 kg is good. Spraying more than necessary is not preferable because it solidifies not only on the surface but also on the inner soil and solidified soil remains for a long time. When an appropriate amount of liquid mulching is sprayed, the mulch film formed thereby covers the cultivated ground surface for several months of the cultivation period, and after the cultivation period elapses, the mulch is weathered or mulched due to the action of microorganisms in the soil. The film breaks down, and it is not necessary to remove the mulch after use.

The liquid mulching of the present invention can be applied to materials other than agricultural materials, for example, vegetation materials, afforestation materials,
It can also be applied to greening and environmental improvement of weed control and weeding materials.

[0025]

Example 1 A dispersion in which 100 g of recycled pulp was dispersed in 100 liters of water with respect to 100 liters of asphalt emulsion (black liquor, manufactured by Techno Chemie Japan Co., Ltd., solid content: 60%, and nonionic surfactant). (Solid concentration 0.1
%) And stirred with a mixer to prepare a liquid mulching material (solid content concentration 30%). This liquid mulching material was sprayed with a power sprayer so as to have a volume of 200 liters / 10 a to form a multi-layered film on the medium. Next, a water spray test of the multi-coating was performed (watering at a flow rate of 30 mm / h for 10 minutes-stopping for 5 minutes was repeated three times), and when the multi-coating was observed, almost no spots were found to have flowed.

Comparative Example 1 An asphalt emulsion was sprayed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no recycled pulp dispersion was added.
When the same water spraying test was performed, most of the multi-coating film was washed away, and was not left.

[0027]

According to the liquid mulching method of the present invention, it is possible to easily lay a mulch simply by spraying a prepared liquid mulching material or a resin emulsion and a plant fiber dispersion with a power sprayer or the like, and the ridge surface of the culture medium can be obtained. A strong mulching film that is not washed away by rainwater or the like can be formed at an arbitrary position such as an inclined surface or a groove. This mulching film has excellent temperature rising performance, heat retention, water permeability, and moisture permeability. Moreover, in the liquid mulching method of the present invention, all of the materials used are biodegradable, and there is no need to remove the formed multi-layer after use, and there is no risk of environmental pollution. Also,
A prepared liquid mulching material composed of a resin emulsion in which plant fibers are dispersed in advance can be used as it is and is simple.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takashi Kanazawa 1906-30 Taiko, Kamikawa-cho, Kawachi-gun, Tochigi F-term (reference) 2B024 DB10

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A liquid mulching method comprising spraying a resin emulsion in which vegetable fibers are dispersed. 2. A liquid mulching method comprising spraying a vegetable fiber dispersion and then spraying a resin emulsion. 3. The liquid mulching method according to claim 1, wherein the resin emulsion is a bituminous emulsion or a polymer emulsion. 4. A liquid mulching material comprising vegetable fibers dispersed in a bituminous emulsion or a polymer emulsion.