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JP2000515742A - Method for recovering crystalline β-carotene from natural raw materials - Google Patents

Method for recovering crystalline β-carotene from natural raw materials

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JP2000515742A
JP2000515742A JP10506580A JP50658098A JP2000515742A JP 2000515742 A JP2000515742 A JP 2000515742A JP 10506580 A JP10506580 A JP 10506580A JP 50658098 A JP50658098 A JP 50658098A JP 2000515742 A JP2000515742 A JP 2000515742A
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ミーク シーベイン
パテル ロベルテュス マーテウス ド
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ギスト ブロカデス ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ
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    • C07C403/00Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
    • C07C403/24Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by six-membered non-aromatic rings, e.g. beta-carotene
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    • C12P23/00Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07C2601/16Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

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Abstract

(57)【要約】 本発明は、高純度β−カロチン結晶を天然原料から得られる粗製結晶調製物から回収する方法を開示する。不純物を除去するために、粗製結晶をβ−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒中で撹拌し、結晶をろ過して新しい溶媒で洗浄した。本発明の方法を使用すると、非常に高純度の天然結晶β−カロチン調製物が得られ、その純度は合成β−カロチンに匹敵する。   (57) [Summary] The present invention discloses a method for recovering high-purity β-carotene crystals from a crude crystal preparation obtained from a natural source. To remove impurities, the crude crystals were stirred in a solvent where β-carotene had low solubility, and the crystals were filtered and washed with fresh solvent. Using the method of the invention, a very pure natural crystalline β-carotene preparation is obtained, whose purity is comparable to that of synthetic β-carotene.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 天然原料からの結晶β−カロチンの回収方法発明の分野 本発明は、天然原料からのカロチノイドの回収の分野に関する。発明の背景 現在、高純度(96%以上)のβ−カロチン結晶は、化学合成によって製造さ れる。天然原料から得た場合、β−カロチンは、ほとんどが油状抽出物の形態( パーム油、藻の油)である。植物(例えばニンジン)や微生物(例えば藻類(デ ュナリエラ(Dunaliella))や真菌(ブラケスレア(Blakeslea)))のような天然原 料からもβ−カロチン結晶を得ることができるが、比較的純粋な結晶をそのよう な天然原料から得るための現在利用可能な方法には、重大な不利益がある。 β−カロチン結晶を天然原料から精製するための現在の方法は、一般的に抽出 工程及び付加的な精製工程を含む。 抽出は、種々の抽出溶媒、つまり酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル又はヘキサンのよう な有機溶媒、植物油、又はプロパン、エチレン、CO2のような超臨界流体で行 われる。 比較的純粋なβ−カロチン調製物を得るために、更に抽出物の精製が必要であ る。クロマトグラフィ、吸着/脱着工程及び結晶化又は沈殿のような、いくらか の精製工程が説明されている。 直接抽出物から結晶化するβ−カロチン結晶は、好適な天然原料の溶媒抽出後 に、例えば、溶媒を蒸発して得られるが、一般的に、例えば、合成β−カロチン の純度に匹敵する所望の高純度を有することはない。そのような場合、再結晶が 必要である(オランダ特許第6411184号、米国特許第4439629号明細書)。再結晶 の主な欠点は、大量の溶媒がβ−カロチンを可溶化するために要求されることで ある。加えて、β−カロチンを十分高い収率で再結晶するために、大量の反溶媒 (沈殿溶媒)が、同様に必要となる。従って、これらの方法は、大量の溶媒が 要求され、β−カロチンのかなりの損失がたいてい生じ得る。発明の概要 本発明は、少なくとも純度90%のβ−カロチン結晶を、天然原料から調製す る方法について開示する。当該方法は、以下の工程を有する。 (1)β−カロチンを当該天然原料から溶媒抽出してβ−カロチン抽出物を生成す る工程、 (2)β−カロチンを当該抽出物から結晶化して粗製のβ−カロチン結晶を生成す る工程、 (3)前記粗製のβ−カロチン結晶をβ−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒からなる 群から選ばれた溶媒で処理する工程、 (4)任意に、前記溶媒処理を、β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す前記溶媒と同一又 は異なる溶媒で繰り返す工程、 (5)残りの溶媒を結晶から蒸発する工程。 任意に、天然原料の溶媒抽出後に得られたβ−カロチン抽出物は、β−カロチ ンの結晶化前に水洗される。 好ましい態様として、本発明の方法は、結晶β−カロチン調製物を天然原料か ら純度95%以上で提供する。 本発明の方法は、いくらか不純な結晶β−カロチン調製物のβ−カロチン含有 量を増加するために都合よく使用され得る。発明の詳細な説明 本発明は、高純度β−カロチン結晶を天然原料から高収率で回収する方法を開 示する。本発明により、高純度β−カロチン結晶は、粗製β−カロチンから単純 かつ便利な溶媒処理を使用して回収される。本発明の方法は、粗製のβ−カロチ ン結晶調製物を、β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒で処理することを含む。 本発明の方法に付される粗製β−カロチン結晶は、従来の抽出及び結晶化技術 によって得られる。一般的に、天然原料からのβ−カロチンの抽出は、有機溶媒 、植物油又は超臨界流体で行われる。その後の結晶化又は沈殿は、冷却、溶媒の 蒸 発、又は反溶媒の添加のような方法によって行われ、その後結晶はろ過される。 粗製結晶のβ−カロチン含有量は、主に単離に使用される天然原料に依存する のに対し、適用された結晶化手順は、付加的に同様に作用し得る。一般的に、当 該β−カロチン含有量は、60〜90%の間で変化する。 驚くべきことに、本発明による粗製結晶の溶媒処理は、結晶のβ−カロチン含 有量をかなり増加する。溶媒処理後に得られた結晶は、90%以上のβ−カロチ ン含有量、好ましくは92%以上のβ−カロチン含有量、より好ましくは94% 以上のβ−カロチン含有量を有する。 本発明による方法において、粗製β−カロチン結晶は、β−カロチンが低溶解 性を示す溶媒で処理される。本発明の溶媒処理は、粗製β−カロチン結晶を当該 溶媒中で不純物が溶解できる十分な時間撹拌する工程、結晶をろ過する工程、及 び結晶を数時間新しい溶媒で洗浄する工程を含む。任意にこの処理は、1回以上 繰り返される。最洗浄工程の後、残りの溶媒を蒸発する。 本発明による処理で使用するのに好適な溶媒は、β−カロチンが低溶解性を示 すような溶媒であり、即ち多くても25℃で1g/リットルの溶解性のものである 。好ましくは、そのような溶媒は、水又は有機溶媒である。 水を使用する場合、水のpHは本発明の処理に重大な要素とはならないが、p Hは7以下が好ましい。より好ましくは水のpHは4〜6である。 有機溶媒とは、好ましくは低級アルコール又はその低級アシルエステル、又は アセトンをいい、ここで低級とは、直鎖又は分岐鎖の1〜5個の炭素原子からな るものと理解される。より好ましくは、有機溶媒はエタノール又は酢酸エチルで ある。 β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒は、十分な量が適用されてかなりの量の不 純物を除去する。好ましくは、溶媒と結晶との比は、結晶のグラム当たり5ml以 上の溶媒であり、より好ましくは、結晶のグラム当たり5ml〜10mlであり、最 も好ましくは、結晶のグラム当たり20ml〜40mlである。溶媒体積/結晶gの 上限は、技術的限界ではなく、経済的基準によって決まる。 溶液中の不純物の溶解に必要な時間は、撹拌を行っている温度に依存する。一 般的に、撹拌は、溶媒の沸点より低い温度で行われる。好ましくは、撹拌は20 〜80℃の温度、より好ましくは30〜60℃、最も好ましくは50℃で行われ る。 使用される溶媒中におけるβ−カロチンの溶解性は、撹拌工程の温度にも影響 し得る。β−カロチンが比較的低い溶解性を示す溶媒、例えば、エタノールを使 用すると、撹拌は、上昇した温度、例えば50℃で行うことが好ましいのに対し 、β−カロチンが比較的高い溶解性を示す溶媒、例えば、酢酸エチルを使用する と、撹拌温度は、例えば20〜25℃のような低い範囲で選択されてもよい。 β−カロチンが比較的高い溶解性を示す溶媒を使用する場合、任意に撹拌温度 をより高いレベル、例えば50℃に保持し、混合物を撹拌後に、例えば5〜20 ℃のようなより低い温度に冷却し、比較的高いβ−カロチンの損失を防止するこ とか好ましい。 50℃で、好適な撹拌時間は、例えば約30分である。 本発明は、その後に粗製β−カロチン結晶を、β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す 2以上の異なる溶媒で処理することの選択肢も考慮する。 更に任意に、天然原料を水で溶媒抽出することによって得られた抽出物の洗浄 を、β−カロチンの抽出物からの結晶化に先立って行う。この態様において、使 用した水の量はそれほど重要ではないが、良好な相分離が得られるような水量を 選択することが適切だろう。 本発明は、β−カロチン結晶のβ−カロチン含有量を増加するための単純かつ 便利な方法を提供する。本発明の溶媒処理は、天然原料(植物又は微生物)から 得ることができ、純度が望むほどは高くない、いかなる結晶β−カロチン調製物 にも有利に適用される。加えて、本発明の方法は、β−カロチン以外の天然カロ チノイドの粗製結晶調製物に適用され得る。 好ましくは、本発明の方法は、微生物原料から、より好ましくは藻類又は真菌 (イースト菌を含む)から、更により好ましくは他のムコラーレス目(the order Mucorales)から、最も好ましくはブラケスレア・トリスポラ(Blakeslea trispo ra)から得られ得るβ−カロチン結晶に適用される。 本発明の好ましい態様において、高純度天然β−カロチン結晶は、例えばブラ ケスレア・トリスポラのような微生物資源から得られ得る。高純度で天然の結晶 β−カロチン調製物は95%以上の純度、好ましくは96%以上の純度、より好 ましくは97%以上の純度、更により好ましくは98%以上の純度、最も好まし くは99%以上の純度を有する。高純度結晶β−カロチン調製物の天然起源によ って、当該調製物は、γ−カロチンのような少量の他のカロチノイドも含んでよ い。γ−カロチン含有量は、それによって約0.5%〜約1.5%まで変化して もよい。 好ましい方法は、ブラケスレア・トリスポラから得られる酢酸エチル抽出物を 結晶化の前に水洗する工程、β−カロチンを該洗浄した抽出物から結晶化して粗 製結晶を得る工程、続いて該粗製結晶を2種の異なる溶媒、即ち第1に酢酸エチ ル、第2にエタノールで処理する工程(双方の処理は50℃で起こる)である。 従って、本発明の方法は、天然原料からの結晶β−カロチン調製物を、極めて 高純度、即ち従来の技術では得えられない、即ち95%以上の純度で製造可能に する。 本発明の方法によって得られた高純度β−カロチン結晶は、食品、医薬品及び 化粧品の用途に適している。天然β−カロチン結晶は、一般的に油性懸濁液、例 えば大豆油のような植物油の30%(w/v)懸濁液が適用される。 実施例1 酢酸エチルによるバイオマスからのβ−カロチンの抽出 β−カロチン4.3%を含むブラケスレア・トリスポラのバイオマス54gを 、酢酸エチル(メルク(Merck,p.a.))600mlに混合した。懸濁液を50℃に温 め、この温度で2時間撹拌しながら保持した。続いて、懸濁液をろ過し、β−カ ロチン濃度1.7g/リットルの抽出物を生成した。 結晶のβ−カロチン濃度は、分光光度的に(FCC III/Monographs)又はプロト ンNMRで分析した。 実施例2 酢酸エチル抽出物からの高純度β−カロチン結晶の分離 実施例1で得られた抽出物を、β−カロチン濃度12g/リットルまで、溶媒を 50℃真空下で蒸発させることによって濃縮した。濃縮物を20℃に冷却し、2 0℃で2時間撹拌して保持した。結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量の酢酸エチルで洗浄 し、純度91.9%の粗製結晶0.7gを生成した。 続いて乾燥した粗製結晶を、30分間35mlエタノール中で50℃で攪拌した 。室温まで冷却した後、結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量のエタノールで洗浄し、真空 下、室温で乾燥した。純度97.0%の結晶0.65gを得た。 実施例3 酢酸エチル抽出物からの高純度β−カロチン結晶の分離 β−カロチン1.7g/リットルを含む抽出物を、実施例1に記載したように調 製した。この抽出物をβ−カロチン濃度10g/リットルまで、溶媒を50℃真空 下で蒸発させることによって濃縮した。濃縮物を5℃に冷却し、5℃で2時間撹 拌して保持した。結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量の酢酸エチルで洗浄し、純度94. 1%の粗製結晶0.8gを生成した。 続いて乾燥した粗製結晶を、30分間41mlエタノール中50℃で攪拌した。 室温に冷却した後、結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量のエタノールで洗浄し、真空下、 室温で乾燥した。純度97.3%の結晶0.78gを得た。 実施例4 ヘキサンによるバイオマスからのβ−カロチンの抽出 β−カロチン4.3%を含むブラケスレア・トリスポラのバイオマス60gを 、ヘキサン(メルク(Merck,p.a.))900mlに混合した。懸濁液を50℃に温め 、この温度で3時間撹拌しながら保持した。続いて、懸濁液をろ過し、β−カロ チン濃度1.5g/リットルの抽出物を生成した。 実施例5 ヘキサン抽出物からの高純度β−カロチン結晶の分離 実施例4で得られた抽出物を、β−カロチン濃度10g/リットルまで、溶媒を 50℃真空下で蒸発させることによって濃縮した。濃縮物を5℃まで冷却し、5 ℃で2時間撹拌しながら保持した。結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量のヘキサンで洗浄 し、純度87.9%の粗製結晶0.94gを生成した。 続いて乾燥した粗製結晶を、30分間35mlエタノール中で50℃で攪拌した 。室温まで冷却した後、結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量のエタノールで洗浄し、真空 下、室温で乾燥した。純度98.0%の結晶0.85gを得た。 実施例6 粗製β−カロチン結晶の水洗 純度85.3%の粗製結晶を、乾燥ブラケスレア・トリスポラのバイオマスを 酢酸エチルで50℃、30/1の溶媒対バイオマス比で抽出した後に得て、続く 抽出物の濃縮で濃度15g/リットルとした。 これら粗製結晶を脱イオン水(20g/リットル)に懸濁し、30分間40℃で 撹拌した。結晶をろ過した後、結晶を2ケーク量のエタノールで室温で洗浄し、 真空下、室温で乾燥した。 脱イオン水を用いてpH4で洗浄すると、純度96.2%の結晶が生成し、脱 イオン水を用いてpH7又はpH10で洗浄すると、純度92%の結晶が生成す る。 実施例7 高純度β−カロチン結晶の大規模分離 4.2%のβ−カロチンを含むブラケスレア・トリスポラの乾燥バイオマス2 10kgを、酢酸エチル4200リットルと混合した。懸濁液を50℃に加熱し、 その温度で3時間撹拌して保持した。続いて懸濁液をろ過し、β−カロチン濃度 1.4g/リットルの抽出物を生成した。 酢酸エチル抽出物を、引き続き50℃の脱イオン水と体積比10/1(抽出物 /水)で混合した。15分間50℃で攪拌した後、層を分離した。その後、酢酸 エチル層をβ−カロチン濃度6g/リットルまで蒸発によって濃縮した。 濃縮物を5℃に冷却し、β−カロチンの結晶を得た。2時間5℃で攪拌した後 、結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量の酢酸エチルで洗浄し、6.4kgの湿結晶(乾燥物 60.2%)を生成した。湿結晶を75リットルのエタノール中、50℃で30 分間撹拌した。懸濁液を20℃に冷却し、結晶をろ過し、次いで2ケーク量のエ タノールで洗浄した。結晶を真空下、室温で乾燥し、3.6kgの純度97.2% の結晶を生成した。実施例8 高純度β−カロチン結晶の大規模分離 4.2%のβ−カロチンを含むブラケスレア・トリスポラの乾燥バイオマス4 00kgを、酢酸エチル12m3と混合した。懸濁液を50℃に加熱し、その温度 で8時間撹拌して保持した。続いて懸濁液をろ過し、β−カロチン濃度1.7g/ リットルの抽出物を生成した。 続いて酢酸エチル抽出物を、50℃の脱イオン水と体積比5/1で混合した。 15分間50℃で攪拌した後、層を分離した。その後、酢酸エチル層をβ−カロ チン濃度4g/リットルまで蒸発によって濃縮した。 濃縮物を5℃に冷却し、β−カロチンの結晶を得た。2時間5℃で攪拌した後 、結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量の酢酸エチルで洗浄し、24kgの湿結晶(乾燥物5 5%)を生成した。次いで湿結晶を450リットルのエタノール中、50℃で3 0分間撹拌した。その後、懸濁液を5℃に冷却し、結晶をろ過し、続いて2ケー ク量の酢酸エチルで、最後に1ケーク量のエタノールで洗浄した。23kgの湿結 晶が得られた。 次に、結晶を450リットルのエタノール(95%)中で50℃30分間攪拌 した。懸濁液を20℃に冷却した後、結晶をろ過し、2ケーク量のエタノールで 洗浄し、湿結晶23kgを得た。結晶は、最終的に真空下室温で乾燥され、純度1 00.4%の結晶13.8kgを生成した(FCC IIIの分光光度法)。Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of recovery of carotenoids from natural sources. Background of the Invention Currently, high purity (96% or more) β-carotene crystals are produced by chemical synthesis. When obtained from natural sources, β-carotene is mostly in the form of an oily extract (palm oil, algal oil). Although β-carotene crystals can be obtained from natural sources such as plants (eg, carrots) and microorganisms (eg, algae (Dunaliella) and fungi (Blakeslea)), relatively pure crystals can be obtained. Currently available methods for obtaining from such natural sources have significant disadvantages. Current methods for purifying β-carotene crystals from natural sources generally include an extraction step and an additional purification step. Extraction, various extraction solvents, i.e. ethyl acetate, the organic solvents such as butyl acetate or hexane, vegetable oils, or propane, ethylene, carried out in supercritical fluids such as CO 2. Further purification of the extract is necessary to obtain a relatively pure β-carotene preparation. Several purification steps have been described, such as chromatography, adsorption / desorption steps and crystallization or precipitation. The β-carotene crystals that crystallize directly from the extract can be obtained, for example, by evaporating the solvent after solvent extraction of a suitable natural material, but in general, for example, the desired e.g. It does not have high purity. In such cases, recrystallization is necessary (Dutch Patent 6411184, U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,629). The main disadvantage of recrystallization is that large amounts of solvent are required to solubilize β-carotene. In addition, in order to recrystallize β-carotene in a sufficiently high yield, a large amount of antisolvent (precipitating solvent) is also required. Therefore, these methods require large amounts of solvent and can often result in significant loss of β-carotene. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention discloses a method for preparing at least 90% pure β-carotene crystals from natural sources. The method includes the following steps. (1) a step of solvent-extracting β-carotene from the natural material to produce a β-carotene extract; (2) a step of crystallizing β-carotene from the extract to produce crude β-carotene crystals; (3) treating the crude β-carotene crystals with a solvent selected from the group consisting of solvents in which β-carotene exhibits low solubility; (4) optionally, treating the solvent with a β-carotene having a low solubility. (5) a step of evaporating the remaining solvent from the crystals; Optionally, the β-carotene extract obtained after the solvent extraction of the natural source is washed with water before the crystallization of β-carotene. In a preferred embodiment, the method of the present invention provides a crystalline β-carotene preparation with a purity of at least 95% from natural sources. The method of the present invention can be advantageously used to increase the β-carotene content of a somewhat impure crystalline β-carotene preparation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention discloses a method for recovering high-purity β-carotene crystals from natural raw materials in high yield. According to the present invention, high purity β-carotene crystals are recovered from crude β-carotene using a simple and convenient solvent treatment. The method of the invention involves treating a crude β-carotene crystal preparation with a solvent in which β-carotene exhibits low solubility. The crude β-carotene crystals subjected to the method of the present invention are obtained by conventional extraction and crystallization techniques. Generally, extraction of β-carotene from natural raw materials is performed with organic solvents, vegetable oils or supercritical fluids. Subsequent crystallization or precipitation is performed by such methods as cooling, evaporating the solvent, or adding an anti-solvent, after which the crystals are filtered. The β-carotene content of the crude crystals depends mainly on the natural raw materials used for the isolation, whereas the applied crystallization procedure can additionally work as well. Generally, the β-carotene content varies between 60-90%. Surprisingly, the solvent treatment of the crude crystals according to the invention considerably increases the β-carotene content of the crystals. The crystals obtained after the solvent treatment have a β-carotene content of 90% or more, preferably a 92% or more β-carotene content, more preferably a 94% or more β-carotene content. In the method according to the invention, the crude β-carotene crystals are treated with a solvent in which β-carotene has low solubility. The solvent treatment of the present invention includes a step of stirring the crude β-carotene crystals for a time sufficient to dissolve impurities in the solvent, a step of filtering the crystals, and a step of washing the crystals with a new solvent for several hours. Optionally, this process is repeated one or more times. After the re-cleaning step, the remaining solvent is evaporated. Suitable solvents for use in the treatment according to the invention are those in which β-carotene has a low solubility, ie a solubility of at most 1 g / l at 25 ° C. Preferably, such a solvent is water or an organic solvent. When water is used, the pH of the water is not a critical factor in the treatment of the present invention, but the pH is preferably 7 or less. More preferably, the pH of the water is 4-6. Organic solvents preferably mean lower alcohols or lower acyl esters thereof, or acetone, where lower is understood to consist of straight-chain or branched 1 to 5 carbon atoms. More preferably, the organic solvent is ethanol or ethyl acetate. Solvents in which β-carotene exhibits low solubility are applied in sufficient amounts to remove significant amounts of impurities. Preferably, the ratio of solvent to crystal is 5 ml or more solvent per gram of crystal, more preferably 5 ml to 10 ml per gram of crystal, most preferably 20 ml to 40 ml per gram of crystal. The upper limit of solvent volume / g of crystal is not a technical limit but is determined by economic criteria. The time required to dissolve the impurities in the solution depends on the temperature at which the stirring is performed. Generally, stirring is performed at a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent. Preferably, the stirring is performed at a temperature between 20 and 80C, more preferably between 30 and 60C, most preferably at 50C. The solubility of β-carotene in the solvent used can also influence the temperature of the stirring process. When using a solvent in which β-carotene has a relatively low solubility, for example ethanol, stirring is preferably carried out at an elevated temperature, for example 50 ° C., whereas β-carotene exhibits a relatively high solubility. With the use of a solvent, for example ethyl acetate, the stirring temperature may be selected in a lower range, for example, 20-25 ° C. If a solvent is used in which β-carotene exhibits a relatively high solubility, optionally the stirring temperature is maintained at a higher level, for example 50 ° C., and after stirring the mixture is brought to a lower temperature, for example 5 to 20 ° C. Cooling is preferred to prevent relatively high β-carotene loss. At 50 ° C., a suitable stirring time is, for example, about 30 minutes. The present invention also contemplates the option of subsequently treating the crude β-carotene crystals with two or more different solvents in which β-carotene has low solubility. Further optionally, washing of the extract obtained by solvent extraction of the natural material with water is carried out prior to crystallization of the β-carotene from the extract. In this embodiment, the amount of water used is not critical, but it may be appropriate to choose an amount of water that results in good phase separation. The present invention provides a simple and convenient method for increasing the β-carotene content of β-carotene crystals. The solvent treatment of the present invention is advantageously applied to any crystalline β-carotene preparation which can be obtained from natural sources (plants or microorganisms) and whose purity is not as high as desired. In addition, the method of the present invention can be applied to crude crystalline preparations of natural carotenoids other than β-carotene. Preferably, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of: starting from a microbial source, more preferably from algae or fungi (including yeasts), even more preferably from the other order of the Mucorales, and most preferably from the Blakeslea trispo Applies to β-carotene crystals obtainable from ra). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, high-purity natural β-carotene crystals can be obtained from a microbial source such as, for example, Brakeslea trispora. A high purity, natural crystalline β-carotene preparation has a purity of 95% or more, preferably 96% or more, more preferably 97% or more, even more preferably 98% or more, most preferably 99% or more. It has the above purity. Due to the natural origin of the high-purity crystalline β-carotene preparation, the preparation may also contain small amounts of other carotenoids, such as γ-carotene. The gamma-carotene content may thereby vary from about 0.5% to about 1.5%. A preferred method comprises the steps of washing the ethyl acetate extract obtained from Braquesrea trispora with water prior to crystallization, crystallizing β-carotene from the washed extract to obtain crude crystals, Treatment with different solvents, firstly with ethyl acetate and secondly with ethanol (both treatments occur at 50 ° C.). Thus, the process of the present invention allows the preparation of crystalline β-carotene preparations from natural sources in a very high purity, ie not obtainable by the prior art, ie 95% or more. The high-purity β-carotene crystals obtained by the method of the present invention are suitable for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Natural β-carotene crystals are generally applied as an oily suspension, for example a 30% (w / v) suspension of a vegetable oil such as soybean oil. Example 1 Extraction of β-Carotene from Biomass with Ethyl Acetate 54 g of Brakeslea trispora biomass containing 4.3% β-carotene was mixed with 600 ml of ethyl acetate (Merck, Pa). The suspension was warmed to 50 ° C. and kept at this temperature with stirring for 2 hours. Subsequently, the suspension was filtered to produce an extract having a β-carotene concentration of 1.7 g / liter. The β-carotene concentration of the crystals was analyzed spectrophotometrically (FCC III / Monographs) or by proton NMR. Example 2 Separation of high-purity β-carotene crystals from an ethyl acetate extract The extract obtained in Example 1 was concentrated by evaporating the solvent under vacuum at 50 ° C to a β-carotene concentration of 12 g / l. . The concentrate was cooled to 20 ° C. and kept stirring at 20 ° C. for 2 hours. The crystals were filtered and washed with two cakes of ethyl acetate to yield 0.7 g of 91.9% pure crystals. The dried crude crystals were subsequently stirred at 50 ° C. in 35 ml ethanol for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the crystals were filtered, washed with 2 cakes of ethanol and dried under vacuum at room temperature. 0.65 g of crystals having a purity of 97.0% was obtained. Example 3 Separation of High Purity β-Carotene Crystals from an Ethyl Acetate Extract An extract containing 1.7 g / l of β-carotene was prepared as described in Example 1. The extract was concentrated by evaporating the solvent under vacuum at 50 ° C. to a β-carotene concentration of 10 g / l. The concentrate was cooled to 5 ° C and kept stirring at 5 ° C for 2 hours. The crystals were filtered and washed with two cakes of ethyl acetate to give a purity of 94. 0.8 g of 1% crude crystals were produced. The dried crude crystals were subsequently stirred at 50 ° C. in 41 ml ethanol for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the crystals were filtered, washed with 2 cakes of ethanol and dried under vacuum at room temperature. 0.78 g of crystals having a purity of 97.3% was obtained. Example 4 Extraction of β-Carotene from Biomass with Hexane 60 g of Brakeslea trispora biomass containing 4.3% β-carotene was mixed with 900 ml of hexane (Merck, Pa). The suspension was warmed to 50 ° C. and kept at this temperature with stirring for 3 hours. Subsequently, the suspension was filtered to produce an extract having a β-carotene concentration of 1.5 g / liter. Example 5 Separation of High Purity β-Carotene Crystals from Hexane Extract The extract obtained in Example 4 was concentrated by evaporating the solvent under vacuum at 50 ° C. to a β-carotene concentration of 10 g / l. The concentrate was cooled to 5 ° C and kept with stirring at 5 ° C for 2 hours. The crystals were filtered and washed with two cakes of hexane to yield 0.94 g of crude crystals of 87.9% purity. The dried crude crystals were subsequently stirred at 50 ° C. in 35 ml ethanol for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the crystals were filtered, washed with 2 cakes of ethanol and dried under vacuum at room temperature. 0.85 g of crystals having a purity of 98.0% was obtained. Example 6 Washing of crude β-carotene crystals in water Crude crystals with a purity of 85.3% were obtained after extracting the biomass of dried Braquesrea trispora with ethyl acetate at 50 ° C. at a solvent to biomass ratio of 30/1 followed by extraction. The product was concentrated to a concentration of 15 g / liter. These crude crystals were suspended in deionized water (20 g / liter) and stirred at 40 ° C. for 30 minutes. After filtering the crystals, the crystals were washed with 2 cakes of ethanol at room temperature and dried under vacuum at room temperature. Washing with deionized water at pH 4 produces 96.2% pure crystals, and washing with deionized water at pH 7 or pH 10 produces 92% pure crystals. Example 7 Large Scale Separation of High Purity β-Carotene Crystals 10 kg of dried Brakeslea trispora biomass containing 4.2% β-carotene were mixed with 4200 liters of ethyl acetate. The suspension was heated to 50 ° C. and kept stirring at that temperature for 3 hours. Subsequently, the suspension was filtered to produce an extract having a β-carotene concentration of 1.4 g / liter. The ethyl acetate extract was subsequently mixed with deionized water at 50 ° C. in a volume ratio of 10/1 (extract / water). After stirring at 50 ° C. for 15 minutes, the layers were separated. Thereafter, the ethyl acetate layer was concentrated by evaporation to a β-carotene concentration of 6 g / liter. The concentrate was cooled to 5 ° C. to obtain β-carotene crystals. After stirring for 2 hours at 5 ° C., the crystals were filtered and washed with two cakes of ethyl acetate to yield 6.4 kg of wet crystals (60.2% dry). The wet crystals were stirred in 75 liters of ethanol at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. The suspension was cooled to 20 ° C., the crystals were filtered and then washed with two cakes of ethanol. The crystals were dried at room temperature under vacuum to yield 3.6 kg of crystals with a purity of 97.2%. Example 8 Large Scale Separation of High Purity β-Carotene Crystals 400 kg of dried biomass of Braquesrea trispora containing 4.2% β-carotene was mixed with 12 m 3 of ethyl acetate. The suspension was heated to 50 ° C. and kept stirring at that temperature for 8 hours. Subsequently, the suspension was filtered to produce an extract having a β-carotene concentration of 1.7 g / liter. Subsequently, the ethyl acetate extract was mixed with deionized water at 50 ° C. in a volume ratio of 5/1. After stirring at 50 ° C. for 15 minutes, the layers were separated. Thereafter, the ethyl acetate layer was concentrated by evaporation to a β-carotene concentration of 4 g / liter. The concentrate was cooled to 5 ° C. to obtain β-carotene crystals. After stirring at 5 ° C. for 2 hours, the crystals were filtered and washed with 2 cakes of ethyl acetate to produce 24 kg of wet crystals (55% dry matter). The wet crystals were then stirred in 450 liters of ethanol at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the suspension was cooled to 5 ° C., the crystals were filtered and subsequently washed with 2 cakes of ethyl acetate and finally with 1 cake of ethanol. 23 kg of wet crystals were obtained. Next, the crystals were stirred in 450 liters of ethanol (95%) at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling the suspension to 20 ° C., the crystals were filtered and washed with two cakes of ethanol to obtain 23 kg of wet crystals. The crystals were finally dried at room temperature under vacuum to yield 13.8 kg of crystals of 100.4% purity (FCC III spectrophotometry).

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI テーマコート゛(参考) C12R 1:89) (31)優先権主張番号 96202852.8 (32)優先日 平成8年10月15日(1996.10.15) (33)優先権主張国 ヨーロッパ特許庁(EP) (81)指定国 EP(AT,BE,CH,DE, DK,ES,FI,FR,GB,GR,IE,IT,L U,MC,NL,PT,SE),OA(BF,BJ,CF ,CG,CI,CM,GA,GN,ML,MR,NE, SN,TD,TG),AP(GH,KE,LS,MW,S D,SZ,UG,ZW),EA(AM,AZ,BY,KG ,KZ,MD,RU,TJ,TM),AL,AM,AT ,AU,AZ,BA,BB,BG,BR,BY,CA, CH,CN,CU,CZ,DE,DK,EE,ES,F I,GB,GE,GH,HU,IL,IS,JP,KE ,KG,KP,KR,KZ,LC,LK,LR,LS, LT,LU,LV,MD,MG,MK,MN,MW,M X,NO,NZ,PL,PT,RO,RU,SD,SE ,SG,SI,SK,SL,TJ,TM,TR,TT, UA,UG,US,UZ,VN,YU,ZW──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme court ゛ (Reference) C12R 1:89) (31) Priority claim number 96202852.8 (32) Priority date October 15, 1996 (1996.10.15) (33) European Patent Office (EP) claiming priority (81) Designated State EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT , LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, KE, LS, MW, SD, SZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, B , BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GE, GH, HU, IL, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL , TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZW

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1.以下の工程を有することを特徴とする、90%以上の純度のβ−カロチン結 晶を天然原料から調製する方法。 (1)β−カロチンを前記原料から溶媒抽出してβ−カロチン抽出物を生成する 工程、 (2)β−カロチンを前記抽出物から結晶化して粗製のβ−カロチン結晶を生成 する工程、 (3)前記粗製のβ−カロチン結晶を、β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒から なる群より選ばれた溶媒で処理する工程、 (4)任意に、前記溶媒処理を、β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す前記溶媒と同一 又は異なる溶媒で繰り返す工程、 (5)残りの溶媒を結晶から蒸発する工程。 2.粗製β−カロチンの第1溶媒処理に続いて、第1溶媒とは異なる溶媒による 第2処理をする、請求項1に記載の方法。 3.前記粗製β−カロチン結晶の処理が、以下の工程を有する請求項1又は2の いずれかに記載の方法。 (6)前記粗製β−カロチン結晶を前記溶媒中で撹拌する工程、 (7)結晶をろ過する工程、 (8)結晶を新しい溶媒で洗浄する工程。 4.β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒が水である、請求項1乃至3のいずれか に記載の方法。 5.β−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒が有機溶媒である、請求項1乃至3のい ずれかに記載の方法。 6.有機溶媒が、低級アルコール及びアセトンからなる群より選ばれる、請求項 5に記載の方法。 7.前記有機溶媒が、エタノール及び酢酸エチルからなる群より選ばれる、請求 項6に記載の方法。 8.β−カロチン抽出物が、結晶化の前に水洗される、請求項1乃至7のいずれ か1項に記載の方法。 9.天然原料が微生物原料である、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の方法 。 10.微生物原料が真菌又は藻類である、請求項9に記載の方法。 11.真菌がムコラーレス目由来である、請求項10に記載の方法。 12.真菌がブラケスレア・トリスポラである、請求項10に記載の方法。 13.95%以上の純度、好ましくは96%以上の純度、より好ましくは97%以 上の純度、更により好ましくは98%以上の純度、最も好ましくは99%以上 の純度を有することを特徴とする、天然原料から得られ得る結晶化β−カロチ ン調製物。 14.天然原料が微生物原料である、請求項13に記載のβ−カロチン調製物 15.微生物が真菌又は藻類である、請求項14に記載のβ−カロチン調製物。 16.真菌がムコラーレス目からである、請求項15に記載のβ−カロチン調製物 。 17.真菌がブラケスレア・トリスポラである、請求項16に記載のβ−カロチン 調製物。 18.前記結晶をβ−カロチンが低溶解性を示す溶媒で処理することを特徴とする 、β−カロチン結晶のβ−カロチン含有量の増加方法。[Claims] 1. Β-carotene binding having a purity of 90% or more, comprising the following steps:   A method for preparing crystals from natural raw materials.   (1) β-carotene is solvent-extracted from the raw material to produce a β-carotene extract.   Process,   (2) Crystallizing β-carotene from the extract to produce crude β-carotene crystals   Process,   (3) The above crude β-carotene crystals are prepared from a solvent in which β-carotene shows low solubility.   Treating with a solvent selected from the group consisting of:   (4) Optionally, the solvent treatment is the same as the solvent in which β-carotene shows low solubility.   Or a step of repeating with a different solvent,   (5) evaporating the remaining solvent from the crystals. 2. Subsequent to the first solvent treatment of the crude β-carotene, a solvent different from the first solvent is used.   2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a second process is performed. 3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment of the crude β-carotene crystal includes the following steps.   The method according to any of the above.   (6) a step of stirring the crude β-carotene crystal in the solvent,   (7) filtering the crystals,   (8) A step of washing the crystals with a new solvent. 4. The solvent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solvent in which β-carotene exhibits low solubility is water.   The method described in. 5. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent in which β-carotene exhibits low solubility is an organic solvent.   The method described in any of them. 6. The organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of lower alcohols and acetone.   5. The method according to 5. 7. The organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and ethyl acetate,   Item 7. The method according to Item 6. 8. The method according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the β-carotene extract is washed with water before crystallization.   Or the method of claim 1. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the natural raw material is a microbial raw material.   . Ten. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the microbial material is a fungus or algae. 11. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the fungus is from the order Mucorales. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the fungus is Braquesrea trispora. 13.95% or higher purity, preferably 96% or higher purity, more preferably 97% or higher   Above purity, even more preferably more than 98% purity, most preferably more than 99%   Crystallized β-carotene obtainable from natural raw materials, characterized by having a purity of   Preparation. 14. 14. The β-carotene preparation of claim 13, wherein the natural source is a microbial source. 15. 15. The β-carotene preparation according to claim 14, wherein the microorganism is a fungus or an algae. 16. The β-carotene preparation according to claim 15, wherein the fungus is from the order Mucorales.   . 17. 17. The beta-carotene of claim 16, wherein the fungus is Braquesrea trispora.   Preparation. 18. Treating the crystals with a solvent in which β-carotene has low solubility.   And increasing the β-carotene content of β-carotene crystals.
JP10506580A 1996-07-19 1997-07-18 Method for recovering crystalline β-carotene from natural raw materials Pending JP2000515742A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96202035 1996-07-19
EP96202334 1996-08-22
EP96202852.8 1996-10-15
EP96202852 1996-10-15
EP96202035.0 1996-10-15
EP96202334.7 1996-10-15
PCT/EP1997/003961 WO1998003480A1 (en) 1996-07-19 1997-07-18 PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF CRYSTALLINE β-CAROTENE FROM A NATURAL SOURCE

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