JP2000508061A - 鋳物鋳鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
鋳物鋳鉄の製造方法Info
- Publication number
- JP2000508061A JP2000508061A JP9533392A JP53339297A JP2000508061A JP 2000508061 A JP2000508061 A JP 2000508061A JP 9533392 A JP9533392 A JP 9533392A JP 53339297 A JP53339297 A JP 53339297A JP 2000508061 A JP2000508061 A JP 2000508061A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cast iron
- temperature
- melt
- sensitive means
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004616 Pyrometry Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemagnesium Chemical compound S=[Mg] SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007531 graphite casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
- G01N25/06—Analysis by measuring change of freezing point
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
- B22D2/006—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the temperature of the molten metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/205—Metals in liquid state, e.g. molten metals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.鋳鉄溶湯の組成を調整および補正する必要がある密集形態の黒鉛結晶を含有 する種類の鋳鉄鋳物の製造に関する方法であって、 該方法は、鋳鉄溶湯を準備し、この溶湯に組織改良材および造核剤を経験上、 直接凝固したときに完全なCV黒鉛鋳鉄を得るに十分なだけの量で添加すること を含み、 溶湯のサンプルはサンプル容器に採取され、該サンプル容器はその内壁の一部 が、その近傍の溶湯中の溶融した元素マグネシウムの濃度を少なくとも0.00 3%または他の改良剤を相当する百分率で低下させるような物質でコーティング され、他の一部が、溶湯中の溶解した元素マグネシウムのレベルに影響を及ぼさ ない、比較的不活性な物質でコーティングされており、 該方法はさらに、温度感応性手段によって指示された温度を記録することと、 こうして記録された冷却曲線から知られている方法によって溶湯の特性を評価す ることと、鋳造工程において必要とされる注湯および凝縮の全時間を通じて密集 した黒鉛結晶が形成されるように造核剤およびマグネシウムの含量またはその他 の改良剤の含量を補正することとを含む方法において、 少なくとも3個の温度感応性手段を用い、そのうちの少なくとも1個が容器の 中心に配置され、少なくとも1個が溶解した元素マグネシウムのレベルに影響す るコーティング層に近接して配置され、少なくとも1個が不活性のコーティング 層に近接して配置され、かつ前記温度感応性手段を溶湯と熱的平衡に至らせるこ とを特徴とする鋳鉄鋳物の製造方法。 2.鋳鉄溶湯の組成を調整および補正する必要がある密集形態の黒鉛結晶を含有 する種類の鋳鉄鋳物の製造に関する方法であって、 該方法は、鋳鉄溶湯を準備し、この溶湯に組織改良材および造核剤を経験上、 直接凝固したときに完全なCV黒鉛鋳鉄を与えるのに十分なだけの量で添加する ことと、溶湯のサンプルを採取することと、温度感応性手段によって指示された 温度を記録することと、こうして記録された冷却曲線から知られている方法によ って溶湯の特性を評価することと、鋳造工程において必要とされる注湯および凝 縮の全時間を通じて密集した黒鉛結晶が形成されるよう造核剤およびマグネシウ ムの含量またはその他の改良剤の含量を補正することと、からなる方法において 、採取されたサンプルは2個のサンプル容器に注がれ、そのうちの1個の容器は その内壁の一部が、その近傍の溶湯において、溶解した元素マグネシウムを少な くとも0.003%、または他の改良剤を相当する百分率で低下させるような物 質でコーティングされ、他の容器は溶湯中の溶解した元素マグネシウムのレベル に影響を及ぼさない比較的不活性な物質で部分的にコーティングされ、少なくと も3個の温度感応性手段を用い、そのうちの少なくとも1個が容器の中心に配置 され、少なくとも1個が溶解した元素マグネシウムのレベルに影響するコーティ ング層に近接して配置され、少なくとも1個が不活性のコーティング層に近接し て配置され、かつ前記温度感応性手段を溶湯と熱的平衡に至らせることを特徴と する鋳鉄鋳物の製造方法。 3.溶解した元素マグネシウムのレベルに影響するコーティング層が0〜5%の 硫黄、0〜10%のシリコン、マンガン、または鉄の酸化物、および/または0 〜0.5%のカリウムおよびナトリウムの酸化物からなることを特徴とする請求 項1または請求項2記載の鋳鉄鋳物の製造方法。 4.溶解した元素硫黄のレベルに影響するコーティング層が3〜5%の硫黄から なることを特徴とする請求項3記載の鋳鉄鋳物の製造方法。 5.温度感応性手段が熱電対であることを特徴とする、先行する請求項のいずれ かに記載の鋳鉄鋳物の製造方法。 6.温度感応性手段が高温測定法を実施する手段であることを特徴とする請求項 1〜5のいずれかに記載の鋳鉄鋳物の製造方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9601026-9 | 1996-03-18 | ||
| SE9601026A SE506802C2 (sv) | 1996-03-18 | 1996-03-18 | Förfarande för framställning av kompaktgrafitjärn innefattande ett termiskt analyssteg |
| PCT/SE1997/000350 WO1997035184A1 (en) | 1996-03-18 | 1997-02-28 | New method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000508061A true JP2000508061A (ja) | 2000-06-27 |
| JP4014636B2 JP4014636B2 (ja) | 2007-11-28 |
Family
ID=20401831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53339297A Expired - Fee Related JP4014636B2 (ja) | 1996-03-18 | 1997-02-28 | 鋳物鋳鉄の製造方法 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6102981A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0948740B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4014636B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20000064668A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2183997A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69724004T2 (ja) |
| ID (1) | ID16247A (ja) |
| SE (1) | SE506802C2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1997035184A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA972061B (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101412165B1 (ko) | 2010-06-16 | 2014-06-25 | 스카니아 씨브이 악티에볼라그 | 주철 용탕에 첨가되는 접종제의 양을 결정하는 방법 |
| KR20150008001A (ko) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-21 | 신터캐스트 악티에볼라그 | 표면의 코팅용 조성물 및 코팅 |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0684068B2 (ja) | 1988-04-30 | 1994-10-26 | 大日本スクリーン製造株式会社 | 紗枠並びにその紗枠を使用したスクリーン印刷機 |
| SE9704208L (sv) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-05-18 | Sintercast Ab | Nytt förfarande |
| SE511655C2 (sv) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-11-01 | Novacast Ab | Anordning jämte förfarande för termisk analys av metallsmältor |
| SE9802690D0 (sv) * | 1998-08-07 | 1998-08-07 | Astra Ab | Mixing apparatus |
| SE515026C2 (sv) * | 1998-12-18 | 2001-05-28 | Sintercast Ab | Förfarande för att förutsäga mikrostrukturen i gjutjärn, anordnings och dataprogramprodukt för utförande av förfarandet |
| SE0104252D0 (sv) * | 2001-12-17 | 2001-12-17 | Sintercast Ab | New device |
| SE537282C2 (sv) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-03-24 | Sintercast Ab | En provtagningsanordning för termisk analys |
| WO2017054846A1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-04-06 | Tekniska Högskolan I Jönköping Aktiebolag | Sampling device and method for sampling a liquid or viscous material |
| RU2654822C1 (ru) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-05-22 | Антон Владимирович Шмаков | Устройство для определения тепловых параметров фазового превращения |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE466059B (sv) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-12-09 | Sintercast Ltd | Foerfarande foer kontroll och justering av primaer kaernbildningsfoermaaga hos jaernsmaeltor |
| SE469712B (sv) * | 1990-10-15 | 1993-08-30 | Sintercast Ltd | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av gjutjaern med kompakt grafit |
| SE501003C2 (sv) * | 1990-10-15 | 1994-10-17 | Sintercast Ab | Förfarande för framställning av segjärn |
| SE9500297D0 (sv) * | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Sintercast Ab | A sampling device for thermal analysis |
-
1996
- 1996-03-18 SE SE9601026A patent/SE506802C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-02-28 JP JP53339297A patent/JP4014636B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-28 US US09/155,016 patent/US6102981A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-28 AU AU21839/97A patent/AU2183997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-28 WO PCT/SE1997/000350 patent/WO1997035184A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-28 DE DE69724004T patent/DE69724004T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-28 KR KR1019980707384A patent/KR20000064668A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-28 EP EP97914689A patent/EP0948740B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-10 ZA ZA9702061A patent/ZA972061B/xx unknown
- 1997-03-17 ID IDP970850A patent/ID16247A/id unknown
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101412165B1 (ko) | 2010-06-16 | 2014-06-25 | 스카니아 씨브이 악티에볼라그 | 주철 용탕에 첨가되는 접종제의 양을 결정하는 방법 |
| KR20150008001A (ko) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-21 | 신터캐스트 악티에볼라그 | 표면의 코팅용 조성물 및 코팅 |
| JP2015017250A (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-29 | シンターキャスト・アーべー | 表面のコーティングのための組成物、及びコーティング |
| KR102176221B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-12 | 2020-11-09 | 신터캐스트 악티에볼라그 | 표면의 코팅용 조성물 및 코팅 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ID16247A (id) | 1997-09-11 |
| SE9601026D0 (sv) | 1996-03-18 |
| EP0948740A1 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
| SE9601026L (sv) | 1997-09-19 |
| JP4014636B2 (ja) | 2007-11-28 |
| ZA972061B (en) | 1997-09-17 |
| DE69724004T2 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
| KR20000064668A (ko) | 2000-11-06 |
| US6102981A (en) | 2000-08-15 |
| WO1997035184A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
| DE69724004D1 (de) | 2003-09-11 |
| AU2183997A (en) | 1997-10-10 |
| EP0948740B1 (en) | 2003-08-06 |
| SE506802C2 (sv) | 1998-02-16 |
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