JP2000331699A - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell systemInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000331699A JP2000331699A JP11143478A JP14347899A JP2000331699A JP 2000331699 A JP2000331699 A JP 2000331699A JP 11143478 A JP11143478 A JP 11143478A JP 14347899 A JP14347899 A JP 14347899A JP 2000331699 A JP2000331699 A JP 2000331699A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- water
- gas
- cathode
- exhaust gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical group [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、固体高分子型の燃
料電池システムに係り、特に酸化剤ガスの加湿方法を改
良するための技術に関する。The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system, and more particularly to a technique for improving a method of humidifying an oxidizing gas.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図９は、従来の固体高分子型の燃料電池
システムに用いられる燃料電池の単位セル構造を模式化
して示す断面図である。１はイオン導電性を示す固体高
分子からなる電解質膜であり、この電解質膜１の一方の
面にはアノード２が、他方の面にはカソード３が夫々設
けられている。また、アノード２側には該アノード２と
の間で燃料室４を形成するための燃料側プレート５が、
カソード３側には該カソード３との間で酸化剤室６を形
成するための酸化剤側プレート７が夫々配されている。
そして、通常の燃料電池システムにおいては、このよう
な構成の単位セルが複数個積層されて使用される。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 9 is a sectional view schematically showing a unit cell structure of a fuel cell used in a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell system. Reference numeral 1 denotes an electrolyte membrane made of a solid polymer having ionic conductivity. An anode 2 is provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane 1 and a cathode 3 is provided on the other side. On the anode 2 side, a fuel-side plate 5 for forming a fuel chamber 4 with the anode 2 is provided.
An oxidant-side plate 7 for forming an oxidant chamber 6 with the cathode 3 is disposed on the cathode 3 side.
In a normal fuel cell system, a plurality of unit cells having such a configuration are stacked and used.
【０００３】燃料室４は燃料ガス供給配管（図示せず）
と連通しており、純水素ガス又は改質器にて改質された
水素リッチガスなどの燃料ガスが供給される。また、酸
化剤室６は酸化剤ガス供給配管（図示せず）に連通して
おり、空気などの酸素を含む酸化剤ガスが供給される。The fuel chamber 4 is provided with a fuel gas supply pipe (not shown).
And a fuel gas such as pure hydrogen gas or hydrogen-rich gas reformed by a reformer is supplied. The oxidizing agent chamber 6 communicates with an oxidizing gas supply pipe (not shown), and is supplied with an oxidizing gas containing oxygen such as air.
【０００４】燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとが供給されると、
アノード２側では、燃料ガス中の水素ガスがＨ2→２Ｈ+
＋２ｅ-の反応によってプロトンと電子を生成する。プ
ロトンは電解質膜１を通ってカソード３に進み、電子は
外部回路（図示せず）に流れる。カソード３では、酸化
剤ガス中の酸素と、電解質膜１を通って移動してきたプ
ロトン、及び外部回路を通って流入した電子が、１／２
Ｏ2＋２Ｈ+＋２ｅ-→Ｈ2Ｏの反応により、反応生成水を
生ずるとともに起電力を発生する。When fuel gas and oxidizing gas are supplied,
On the anode 2 side, the hydrogen gas in the fuel gas is H 2 → 2H +
Protons and electrons are generated by the reaction of + 2e − . Protons travel to the cathode 3 through the electrolyte membrane 1 and electrons flow to an external circuit (not shown). At the cathode 3, oxygen in the oxidizing gas, protons moving through the electrolyte membrane 1, and electrons flowing through the external circuit are reduced by half.
The reaction of O 2 + 2H + + 2e − → H 2 O generates reaction product water and generates an electromotive force.
【０００５】ところで、電解質膜１としては、例えばプ
ロトン交換膜であるパーフルオロスルホン酸膜（デュポ
ン社製、商品名ナフィオン膜）が知られている。斯かる
電解質膜は分子中にプロトン（水素イオン）交換基を持
ち、乾燥状態では電気抵抗が高いが、湿潤させることに
よりプロトン導電性電解質膜として機能する。このため
発電時には電解質膜を加湿して湿潤状態で保持する必要
がある。[0005] As the electrolyte membrane 1, for example, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane (a trade name of Nafion made by DuPont), which is a proton exchange membrane, is known. Such an electrolyte membrane has a proton (hydrogen ion) exchange group in the molecule and has a high electric resistance in a dry state, but functions as a proton conductive electrolyte membrane when wet. Therefore, at the time of power generation, it is necessary to humidify and hold the electrolyte membrane in a wet state.
【０００６】このように固体高分子からなる電解質膜を
湿潤させる方法として、従来燃料ガス又は酸化剤ガスを
予め外部加湿器によって加湿した状態で燃料電池に供給
する方法が知られている。As a method for wetting an electrolyte membrane made of a solid polymer, a method of supplying a fuel gas or an oxidizing gas to a fuel cell in a state of being humidified by an external humidifier in advance is known.
【０００７】また、燃料電池本体のカソードから排出さ
れるカソード排ガス中に含まれる水分を水凝集器によっ
て回収し、回収された水を燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスの加湿
に利用する方法も知られている（特開平７−７３８９４
号）。A method is also known in which water contained in cathode exhaust gas discharged from a cathode of a fuel cell body is collected by a water aggregator, and the collected water is used for humidifying a fuel gas or an oxidizing gas. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-73894)
issue).
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】然し乍ら、上記のよう
に外部加湿器を用いる方法では装置全体の大型化を招
き、コストを増大させると共に、加湿器作動用のエネル
ギー消費によって総合的な発電効率が低下してしまう、
という課題がある。However, in the method using an external humidifier as described above, the size of the entire apparatus is increased, the cost is increased, and the overall power generation efficiency is reduced by the energy consumption for operating the humidifier. Will fall,
There is a problem that.
【０００９】また、水凝集器を用いる方法にあっても同
様に、水凝集器により回収した水を用いて燃料ガスや酸
化剤ガスの加湿を行うための加湿器が別途必要となり、
装置の大型化を招きコストを増大させると共に、システ
ムの総合的な発電効率の低下を招く。Similarly, in the method using a water coagulator, a humidifier for humidifying a fuel gas or an oxidizing gas using water collected by the water coagulator is separately required.
This leads to an increase in the size of the device, an increase in cost, and a decrease in the overall power generation efficiency of the system.
【００１０】本発明は、斯かる課題を解決し、小型・軽
量で且つ発電効率の高い固体高分子型の燃料電池システ
ムを提供することを目的とする。An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system which is small and lightweight and has high power generation efficiency.
【００１１】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】斯かる従来の課題を解決
するために、本発明燃料電池システムは、電解質膜の両
面に夫々アノード及びカソードを配した単位セルを有す
る燃料電池本体を備え、前記アノード及びカソードに夫
々燃料ガス及び酸化剤ガスを供給することで発電する燃
料電池システムであって、前記酸化剤ガスを前記カソー
ドに供給する経路に、該酸化剤ガスと、前記カソードか
ら排出されるカソード排ガスとが導入されると共にこれ
らを熱交換させることにより該カソード排ガス中に含ま
れる水分を凝集させる水凝集器を備え、且つ該水凝集器
における、前記酸化剤ガスの排出口と前記カソード排ガ
スの排出口とを連結するように連続して設けられたガス
透過性の吸水部材を有することを特徴とする。In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, a fuel cell system according to the present invention comprises a fuel cell main body having unit cells each having an anode and a cathode disposed on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane, respectively. A fuel cell system for generating electricity by supplying a fuel gas and an oxidant gas to an anode and a cathode, respectively, wherein the oxidant gas is discharged from the cathode to a path for supplying the oxidant gas to the cathode. A cathode floppy gas is introduced and heat exchanged between the cathode flue gas and a water flocculator for flocculating water contained in the cathode flue gas; and the outlet of the oxidizing gas and the cathode flue gas in the water flocculator. And a gas-permeable water-absorbing member provided continuously so as to connect with the discharge port.
【００１２】また、本発明にあっては、前記水凝集器
は、前記酸化剤ガスの排出口を前記カソード排ガスの排
出口よりも下方にして配設されたことを特徴とする。Further, according to the present invention, the water flocculator is arranged such that an outlet of the oxidizing gas is lower than an outlet of the cathode exhaust gas.
【００１３】さらに、前記吸水部材が、前記燃料電池本
体における前記酸化剤ガスの供給口を覆うように延在し
て設けられたことを特徴とする。Further, the water absorbing member is provided so as to extend so as to cover a supply port of the oxidizing gas in the fuel cell main body.
【００１４】加えて、前記燃料電池本体は、酸化剤ガス
の供給口とカソード排ガスの排出口とを同一面側に有
し、且つ前記供給口を前記排出口よりも下方に配置した
ことを特徴とする。In addition, the fuel cell body has an oxidizing gas supply port and a cathode exhaust gas discharge port on the same surface side, and the supply port is disposed below the discharge port. And
【００１５】さらには、前記吸水部材から漏出する過剰
の水分を溜めるための貯水部を有すると共に、前記吸水
部材が当該貯水部内に延設され、少なくとも前記燃料電
池本体の起動時には前記吸水部材が前記貯水部内に溜め
られた水と接していることを特徴とする。Further, a water storage portion for storing excess water leaking from the water absorbing member is provided, and the water absorbing member is extended into the water storing portion, and the water absorbing member is at least at the time of starting the fuel cell main body. It is characterized by being in contact with the water stored in the water storage section.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】以下に、本発明の実施の形態に係
る燃料電池システムについて、図１乃至図３を参照して
説明する。図１は本実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの
概略構成を示すシステム構成図であり、図２は燃料電池
本体を含む要部の分解斜視図、図３は図２におけるＸ−
Ｘ線矢視正面図である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a main part including a fuel cell main body, and FIG.
It is an X-ray arrow front view.
【００１７】図１を参照して、１０は燃料電池本体、２
０はメタン、プロパン等の炭化水素系の原燃料から水素
リッチな改質ガスを生成するための燃料改質系である。
燃料電池本体１０は図９に示す単位セルが複数個積層さ
れて構成されている。また、燃料改質系２０は通常改質
器２１、ＣＯ変成器２２及びＣＯ除去器２３から構成さ
れている。Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a fuel cell main body, 2
Numeral 0 is a fuel reforming system for generating a hydrogen-rich reformed gas from a hydrocarbon-based raw fuel such as methane and propane.
The fuel cell main body 10 is configured by stacking a plurality of unit cells shown in FIG. The fuel reforming system 20 includes a normal reformer 21, a CO shift converter 22, and a CO remover 23.
【００１８】原燃料は燃料改質系２０によりＣＯ濃度が
１０ｐｐｍ程度にまで低減された水素リッチな改質ガス
とされて、燃料電池本体１０のアノード１１に供給され
る。また、アノード１１から排気されたアノード排ガス
は、改質器２１加熱用のバーナーに供給され、このバー
ナーの燃料として再利用される。The raw fuel is converted into a hydrogen-rich reformed gas whose CO concentration is reduced to about 10 ppm by the fuel reforming system 20 and supplied to the anode 11 of the fuel cell body 10. The anode exhaust gas exhausted from the anode 11 is supplied to a burner for heating the reformer 21 and is reused as fuel for the burner.
【００１９】燃料電池本体１０のカソード１３に酸化剤
ガスを供給するための経路には、この酸化剤ガスと、カ
ソード１３から排出されたカソード排ガスとを熱交換さ
せることによりカソード排ガス中に含まれる水分を凝集
させるための水凝集器３０が設けられている。In the path for supplying the oxidizing gas to the cathode 13 of the fuel cell main body 10, the oxidizing gas is exchanged with the cathode exhaust gas discharged from the cathode 13 so as to be contained in the cathode exhaust gas. A water aggregator 30 for aggregating water is provided.
【００２０】図２に示す如く、本実施形態においては水
凝集器３０としてプレートフィン型熱交換器を用いる。
この水凝集器３０は、水平方向に第１ガス流通路Ｔ１が
開設された第１プレートＰ１と、垂直方向に第２ガス通
路Ｔ２が開設された第２プレートＰ２とが、交互に積層
された積層体からなる（同図では、４枚のプレートＰ１
と、３枚のプレートＰ２とが積層されている）。そし
て、水平方向の第１ガス通路Ｔ１にはフィン３１が挿設
されて熱交換率の向上を図っている。As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, a plate-fin type heat exchanger is used as the water flocculator 30.
In this water aggregator 30, a first plate P1 having a first gas passage T1 opened in a horizontal direction and a second plate P2 having a second gas passage T2 opened in a vertical direction are alternately stacked. (In the figure, four plates P1
And three plates P2). Fins 31 are inserted in the first gas passage T1 in the horizontal direction to improve the heat exchange rate.
【００２１】そして、燃料電池本体１０におけるカソー
ド排ガスの排出口１０Ａ側に枠体３２を取付し、この枠
体３２の内周３２Ａに中空で角筒状の連結部材３３を立
設し、当該連結部材３３に水凝集器３を取付けている。A frame 32 is attached to the cathode exhaust gas discharge port 10A side of the fuel cell main body 10, and a hollow rectangular tubular connecting member 33 is erected on the inner periphery 32A of the frame 32, and the connection is established. The water flocculator 3 is attached to the member 33.
【００２２】斯かる構成によって、燃料電池本体１０の
カソードから排出されるカソード排ガスは、連結部材３
３の内周側壁３３Ａが形成する通路を通じて、水凝集器
３０の第１ガス通路Ｔ１に導入される。With this configuration, the cathode exhaust gas discharged from the cathode of the fuel cell body 10 is
3 is introduced into the first gas passage T1 of the water aggregator 30 through a passage formed by the inner peripheral side wall 33A.
【００２３】また、水凝集器３０の上面にはマニホール
ド３４が取付けられ、該マニホールド３４の中央部には
ファン３５が取付けられている。このファン３５により
酸化剤ガスとなる空気が水凝集器３０の第２ガス通路Ｔ
２に送り込まれる。A manifold 34 is mounted on the upper surface of the water coagulator 30, and a fan 35 is mounted at the center of the manifold 34. The air which becomes the oxidizing gas by the fan 35 causes the second gas passage T
It is sent to 2.
【００２４】水凝集器３０には、ファン３５が送る空気
を、該水凝集器３０から燃料電池本体１０に酸化剤ガス
として案内するダクト４０が設けられている。このダク
ト４０は、その入口側４０Ａが前記第２ガス通路Ｔ２の
排出口３Ｂと連通し、その出口側４０Ｂが燃料電池本体
１０における酸化剤ガスの供給口１０Ｂと連通された状
態で取付けられている。The water aggregator 30 is provided with a duct 40 for guiding the air sent by the fan 35 from the water aggregator 30 to the fuel cell body 10 as an oxidizing gas. The duct 40 is mounted such that its inlet side 40A communicates with the outlet 3B of the second gas passage T2, and its outlet side 40B communicates with the oxidant gas supply port 10B of the fuel cell body 10. I have.
【００２５】さらに、本発明にあっては、水凝集器３０
の前記第１ガス通路Ｔ１から排出されるカソード排ガス
の排出口３０Ａと、第２ガス通路Ｔ２から排出される酸
化剤ガスの排出口３０Ｂとを連結するように連続して設
けられた吸水部材５０を有している（図３参照）。Further, in the present invention, the water coagulator 30
The water absorbing member 50 provided continuously so as to connect the outlet 30A of the cathode exhaust gas discharged from the first gas passage T1 to the outlet 30B of the oxidizing gas discharged from the second gas passage T2. (See FIG. 3).
【００２６】この吸水部材５０は、例えば綿繊維、レー
ヨン繊維、ポリビニルアルコール系繊維のように、素材
そのものが吸水性を有する材料からなる吸水膜から構成
することができる。また、紙，木綿，カーボン，ガラス
等を基体とする繊維材料や、アクリル，ナイロン等から
なる合成繊維、或いは多孔質のセラミック材料或いはカ
ーボン等、素材そのものは吸水性を持たなくても毛管力
によって吸水性を付与した材料から構成することができ
る。The water absorbing member 50 can be formed of a water absorbing film made of a material having a water absorbing property, such as cotton fiber, rayon fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol fiber. In addition, even if the material itself does not have water absorbency, such as a fiber material based on paper, cotton, carbon, glass, or the like, a synthetic fiber made of acrylic, nylon, or the like, or a capillary material, it does not absorb water. It can be composed of a material having water absorption.
【００２７】また、吸水部材５０としてはガス透過性を
有するものを用いる必要がある。このためには吸水部材
５０を、素材自体がガス透過性を有する材料から構成す
れば良い。或いは、多数の小孔を開設することによって
構造的に吸水性を付与した吸水部材を用いても良い。そ
して、斯様にガス透過性を有する吸水部材５０を、水凝
集器３０におけるカソード排ガスの排出口３０Ａと、酸
化剤ガスの排出口３０Ｂとを完全に覆うように設ける。It is necessary to use a gas-permeable member as the water-absorbing member 50. For this purpose, the water absorbing member 50 may be made of a material having gas permeability. Alternatively, a water-absorbing member that is structurally provided with water-absorbing properties by opening a large number of small holes may be used. The water-absorbing member 50 having such gas permeability is provided so as to completely cover the cathode exhaust gas outlet 30A and the oxidant gas outlet 30B in the water aggregator 30.
【００２８】以上の構成の燃料電池システムは、定常運
転時には以下のように動作する。The fuel cell system having the above configuration operates as follows during normal operation.
【００２９】メタンガス、プロパンガス等の炭化水素系
の原料ガスは、改質器２１により水蒸気改質され、水素
リッチな改質ガスとされる。この改質ガスは、ＣＯ変成
器２２及びＣＯ除去器２３によりガス中のＣＯ濃度が１
０ｐｐｍ程度にまで低減され、燃料電池本体１０のアノ
ード１１に供給される。一方、酸化剤ガスとなる空気は
ファン３５により燃料電池本体１０のカソード１３に供
給され、燃料電池本体１０が発電する。A hydrocarbon-based raw material gas such as methane gas and propane gas is steam-reformed by the reformer 21 to be a hydrogen-rich reformed gas. This reformed gas has a CO concentration of 1 in the gas by a CO shift converter 22 and a CO remover 23.
It is reduced to about 0 ppm and supplied to the anode 11 of the fuel cell body 10. On the other hand, the air serving as the oxidizing gas is supplied to the cathode 13 of the fuel cell body 10 by the fan 35, and the fuel cell body 10 generates power.
【００３０】ここで、ファン３５により取り込まれた空
気は図３において白抜きの矢印で示すように、先ず水凝
集器３０の第２ガス通路Ｔ２に導入される。また、水凝
集器３の第１ガス通路Ｔ１には、図３において黒塗りの
矢印で示すように、燃料電池本体１０のカソードから排
出されるカソード排ガスが導入される。このカソード排
ガスは、電池作動温度である８０℃〜１００℃程度にま
で加熱された状態で第１ガス通路Ｔ１に導入され、そし
て第２ガス通路Ｔ２を流れる室温程度の空気との間で熱
交換することにより冷却される。Here, the air taken in by the fan 35 is first introduced into the second gas passage T2 of the water aggregator 30, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. In addition, a cathode exhaust gas discharged from a cathode of the fuel cell main body 10 is introduced into the first gas passage T1 of the water aggregator 3 as shown by a black arrow in FIG. This cathode exhaust gas is introduced into the first gas passage T1 while being heated to a battery operating temperature of about 80 ° C. to about 100 ° C., and exchanges heat with room temperature air flowing through the second gas passage T2. To be cooled.
【００３１】カソード排ガス中には前述の通りカソード
で生成された反応生成水が水蒸気として含有されてお
り、上記のように冷却されることでこの水蒸気は凝集さ
れ、凝集水を生じる。この凝集水は第１ガス通路Ｔ１を
流れるカソード排ガスの圧力により排出口３０Ａに吹き
飛ばされ、そしてこの排出口３０Ａを覆うように設けら
れた吸水部材５０により吸収される。As described above, the reaction gas produced at the cathode is contained in the cathode exhaust gas as water vapor, and the water vapor is aggregated by cooling as described above to produce aggregated water. The condensed water is blown off to the outlet 30A by the pressure of the cathode exhaust gas flowing through the first gas passage T1, and is absorbed by the water absorbing member 50 provided so as to cover the outlet 30A.
【００３２】吸水部材５０により吸収された凝集水は、
毛細管現象及び重力の影響により、吸水部材５０中を、
水凝集器３０における第２ガス通路Ｔ２の排出口３０Ｂ
を覆う領域にまで移動する。即ち、本実施形態にあって
は図３に示す如く、酸化剤ガスが流れる第２ガス通路Ｔ
２の排出口３０Ｂが、カソード排ガスが流れる第１ガス
通路Ｔ１の排出口３０Ａよりも下方となるように水凝集
器３０を配している。従って、第１ガス通路Ｔ１の排出
口３０Ａにおいて吸水部材５０により吸収された凝集水
は、毛細管現象だけでなく重力の効果によっても第２ガ
ス通路Ｔ２の排出口３０Ｂを覆う部分にまで移動する。The coagulated water absorbed by the water absorbing member 50 is
Due to the capillary effect and gravity, the water absorbing member 50
Outlet 30B of second gas passage T2 in water coagulator 30
To the area covering. That is, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the second gas passage T through which the oxidizing gas flows.
The water aggregator 30 is disposed such that the second outlet 30B is lower than the outlet 30A of the first gas passage T1 through which the cathode exhaust gas flows. Therefore, the condensed water absorbed by the water absorbing member 50 at the outlet 30A of the first gas passage T1 moves to a portion covering the outlet 30B of the second gas passage T2 not only by the capillary effect but also by the effect of gravity.
【００３３】そして、第２ガス通路Ｔ２に導入された空
気は、排出口３０Ｂを通過する際に吸水部材５０中に含
まれる凝集水により加湿されてダクト４０内に導入さ
れ、そして該ダクト４０内を図中白抜きの矢印で示す方
向に通過して燃料電池本体１０における酸化剤ガス供給
口１０Ｂからカソードに供給される。The air introduced into the second gas passage T2 is humidified by the condensed water contained in the water absorbing member 50 when passing through the outlet 30B, and is introduced into the duct 40. In the direction indicated by the white arrow in the figure, and is supplied from the oxidizing gas supply port 10B of the fuel cell body 10 to the cathode.
【００３４】以上のように、本実施形態の燃料電池シス
テムによれば、加湿器を設けることなく酸化剤ガスを加
湿することができる。また、１つのファン３５で水凝集
器３０の冷媒となる空気と、酸化剤ガスとなる空気を供
給することができるため、システム構成を簡素なものと
することができる。この結果、本発明によれば、システ
ム構成をコンパクト化でき、システム全体の発電効率を
向上することができると共に、コストの低減を図ること
ができる。As described above, according to the fuel cell system of this embodiment, the oxidizing gas can be humidified without providing a humidifier. In addition, since one fan 35 can supply air serving as a refrigerant of the water aggregator 30 and air serving as an oxidizing gas, the system configuration can be simplified. As a result, according to the present invention, the system configuration can be made compact, the power generation efficiency of the entire system can be improved, and the cost can be reduced.
【００３５】また、ファン３５によりガス通路Ｔ２に取
り込まれた空気は水凝集器３０内でカソード排ガスと熱
交換され、加熱された状態でカソードに供給されるの
で、燃料電池本体の温度が均一化され、発電効率及び寿
命の向上を図ることができる。The air taken into the gas passage T2 by the fan 35 undergoes heat exchange with the cathode exhaust gas in the water aggregator 30 and is supplied to the cathode in a heated state, so that the temperature of the fuel cell body becomes uniform. Thus, power generation efficiency and life can be improved.
【００３６】尚、以上の実施の形態にあっては、吸水部
材５０を前記カソード排ガスの排出口３０Ａと、酸化剤
ガスの排出口３０Ｂとを覆うように連続して設けたが、
図４に示す如く、燃料電池本体１０における酸化剤ガス
の供給口１０Ｂを覆うように延在して設けても良い。斯
かる構成によれば、給水部材５０中に吸収された凝集水
が燃料電池本体の供給口１０Ｂを覆う部分にまで移動
し、空気を第２ガス通路Ｔ２の排出口３０Ｂと燃料電池
本体１０の供給口１０Ｂとの２箇所で加湿することがで
きることから、加湿の効果をさらに向上させることがで
きる。In the above embodiment, the water absorbing member 50 is provided continuously so as to cover the cathode exhaust gas outlet 30A and the oxidizing gas outlet 30B.
As shown in FIG. 4, it may be provided to extend so as to cover the oxidant gas supply port 10B in the fuel cell main body 10. According to such a configuration, the condensed water absorbed in the water supply member 50 moves to a portion covering the supply port 10B of the fuel cell main body, and the air flows between the discharge port 30B of the second gas passage T2 and the fuel cell main body 10. Since humidification can be performed at two places with the supply port 10B, the effect of humidification can be further improved.
【００３７】（実施例）上記実施の形態に基づいた燃料
電池システムにおいて、電極面積が１００ｃｍ 2の単位
セルを１６個積層して燃料電池本体を作製し、さらに吸
水部材としてナイロン不織布を用いて図３及び図４に示
す構成の燃料電池システムを用意した。これらの図３及
び図４の構成に対応する燃料電池システムを夫々実施例
１及び実施例２とする。また、比較例として、吸水部材
を設けない以外は実施例と同一の構成を有する燃料電池
システムを用意した。(Example) Fuel based on the above embodiment
In the battery system, the electrode area is 100 cm TwoUnit of
A fuel cell body is manufactured by stacking 16 cells, and then
3 and 4 using a nylon non-woven fabric as the water member.
A fuel cell system having the following configuration was prepared. These figures 3 and
And a fuel cell system corresponding to the configuration of FIG.
1 and Example 2. Further, as a comparative example, a water absorbing member
Fuel cell having the same configuration as that of the embodiment except that no fuel cell is provided
The system was prepared.
【００３８】そして、これらの実施例１，２及び比較例
の燃料電池システムを、電流密度０．５Ａ／ｃｍ2，燃
料利用率７０％，酸化剤ガス利用率１０％，電池作動温
度８０℃の条件で作動させ、そのときのセル電圧の経時
変化を測定した。その結果を図５に示す。Then, the fuel cell systems of Examples 1 and 2 and the comparative example were tested at a current density of 0.5 A / cm 2 , a fuel utilization of 70%, an oxidizing gas utilization of 10%, and a cell operating temperature of 80 ° C. The cell was operated under the conditions, and the change with time of the cell voltage at that time was measured. The result is shown in FIG.
【００３９】同図から明らかな通り、従来の燃料電池シ
ステムにおいてはセル電圧の経時的な低下が大きいのに
対し、本発明によればセル電圧の経時的な低下が小さ
く、長時間にわたって高いセル電圧を得ることができ
る。As is apparent from FIG. 2, the conventional fuel cell system has a large decrease in cell voltage with time, whereas the present invention has a small decrease in cell voltage with time and has a high cell voltage for a long time. Voltage can be obtained.
【００４０】尚、本発明に係る燃料電池システムは、以
上の実施の形態に限定されるものではない。以下に、本
発明の燃料電池システムに係る別の実施の形態について
説明する。The fuel cell system according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Hereinafter, another embodiment according to the fuel cell system of the present invention will be described.
【００４１】図６は、本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る
燃料電池システムの構成を示す正面図である。尚、同図
において、図３と同一の機能を呈する部分には同一の符
号を付している。FIG. 6 is a front view showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Note that, in the same drawing, the portions having the same functions as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
【００４２】本実施形態に係る燃料電池システムにおい
ては、燃料電池本体１内における酸化剤ガスの経路を前
述の実施形態から変更し、カソード排ガスの排出口１０
Ａと、酸化剤ガスの供給口１０Ｂとを同一面側に配して
おり、さらに酸化剤ガスの供給口１０Ｂをカソード排ガ
スの排出口１０Ａよりも下方に位置させている。斯かる
構成によれば、前述の実施形態よりもダクト４０の経路
を短くすることができるため、システムの構成をよりコ
ンパクト化することができる。また、水凝集器３０にて
加熱された酸化剤ガスが燃料電池本体１０に供給される
までに通過する距離が短いため、酸化剤ガスの温度低下
を抑制することができることから、電池内での温度分布
をより均一化させることができる。さらには、ダクト４
０内を通過中に酸化剤ガスの温度が低下することによる
酸化剤ガス中の水分の凝集を抑制することがでるため、
酸化剤ガスの加湿により一層効果的である。In the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment, the path of the oxidizing gas in the fuel cell main body 1 is changed from that of the above-described embodiment, and the discharge port 10 for the cathode exhaust gas is changed.
A and the oxidant gas supply port 10B are arranged on the same side, and the oxidant gas supply port 10B is located below the cathode exhaust gas discharge port 10A. According to such a configuration, since the path of the duct 40 can be shorter than in the above-described embodiment, the configuration of the system can be made more compact. In addition, since the oxidizing gas heated by the water aggregator 30 passes through the fuel cell body 10 shortly before being supplied to the fuel cell main body 10, the temperature of the oxidizing gas can be prevented from lowering. The temperature distribution can be made more uniform. Furthermore, duct 4
Since the aggregation of water in the oxidizing gas due to a decrease in the temperature of the oxidizing gas during passage through 0 can be suppressed,
It is more effective by humidifying the oxidizing gas.
【００４３】また、図７に示す如く、本実施形態にあっ
ても前述の実施形態と同様に、吸水部材５０を燃料電池
本体における酸化剤ガスの供給口１０Ｂにまで延在して
設けると、加湿の効果をより一層向上させることができ
る。As shown in FIG. 7, in this embodiment, similarly to the above-described embodiment, when the water absorbing member 50 is provided so as to extend to the oxidant gas supply port 10B in the fuel cell body, The effect of humidification can be further improved.
【００４４】さらに、図８に示すさらに別の実施の形態
に係る燃料電池システムにおいては、ダクト４０内の下
方に貯水部７０を設け、この貯水部７０内に前記吸水部
材５０を延在させている。斯かる形態によれば、吸水部
材５０に吸収された凝集水のうち該吸水部材５０から漏
出する過剰の水分をこの貯水部７０に溜めることができ
る。Further, in a fuel cell system according to still another embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a water reservoir 70 is provided below the duct 40, and the water absorbing member 50 is extended into the water reservoir 70. I have. According to such an embodiment, of the coagulated water absorbed by the water absorbing member 50, excess water leaking from the water absorbing member 50 can be stored in the water storage section 70.
【００４５】そして、吸水部材５０の長さを調整し、こ
の吸水部材５０の一端が常に貯水部７０に溜められた水
と直接接するようにすると、カソード排ガス中の水分が
少ない燃料電池システムの起動時にあっても、貯水部７
０に溜められた水分が毛細管現象により吸水部材５０を
湿潤させ、このため加湿された酸化剤ガスを燃料電池本
体１０に供給することが可能となり、起動時における出
力の安定を図ることができる。If the length of the water absorbing member 50 is adjusted so that one end of the water absorbing member 50 always comes into direct contact with the water stored in the water storage portion 70, the fuel cell system with a small amount of water in the cathode exhaust gas is started. Even at times, the water reservoir 7
The water stored in the water member 0 causes the water absorbing member 50 to wet due to the capillary phenomenon, so that the humidified oxidizing gas can be supplied to the fuel cell main body 10 and the output at the time of startup can be stabilized.
【００４６】[0046]
【発明の効果】以上説明した如く、本発明によれば、加
湿器を設けることなく酸化剤ガスの加湿を効率良く行う
ことが可能となり、システム構成をコンパクト化でき、
システム全体の発電効率を向上することができると共
に、コストの低減を図ることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the oxidizing gas can be efficiently humidified without providing a humidifier, and the system configuration can be made compact.
The power generation efficiency of the entire system can be improved, and the cost can be reduced.
【００４７】また、ファンにより第２ガス通路に取り込
まれた空気は水凝集器内でカソード排ガスと熱交換さ
れ、加熱された状態でカソードに供給されるので、燃料
電池本体の温度が均一化され、発電効率及び寿命の向上
を図ることができる。The air taken into the second gas passage by the fan exchanges heat with the cathode exhaust gas in the water aggregator and is supplied to the cathode in a heated state, so that the temperature of the fuel cell body is made uniform. In addition, power generation efficiency and life can be improved.
【図１】本発明の実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの概
略構成を示すシステム構成図である。FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】前記システムにおける要部分解斜視図である。FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of the system.
【図３】図２におけるＸ−Ｘ線矢視正面図である。FIG. 3 is a front view taken along line XX in FIG. 2;
【図４】前記システムの変形例の正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view of a modification of the system.
【図５】実施例及び比較例にかかわる燃料電池システム
の特性図である。FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of a fuel cell system according to an example and a comparative example.
【図６】別の実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの正面図
である。FIG. 6 is a front view of a fuel cell system according to another embodiment.
【図７】前記システムの変形例を示す正面図である。FIG. 7 is a front view showing a modification of the system.
【図８】さらに別の実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの
正面図である。FIG. 8 is a front view of a fuel cell system according to still another embodiment.
【図９】単位セルの断面図である。FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a unit cell.
１０…燃料電池本体、２０…燃料改質系、３０…水凝集
器、３５…ファン、４０…ダクト、５０…吸水部材DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Fuel cell main body, 20 ... Fuel reforming system, 30 ... Water aggregator, 35 ... Fan, 40 ... Duct, 50 ... Water absorption member
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 三宅 泰夫 大阪府守口市京阪本通２丁目５番５号 三 洋電機株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 5H026 AA06 5H027 AA06 BA01 BA09 BA17 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yasuo Miyake 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka F-term in Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. 5H026 AA06 5H027 AA06 BA01 BA09 BA17
Claims (5)
ードを配した単位セルを有する燃料電池本体を備え、前
記アノード及びカソードに夫々燃料ガス及び酸化剤ガス
を供給することで発電する燃料電池システムであって、 前記酸化剤ガスを前記カソードに供給する経路に、該酸
化剤ガスと、前記カソードから排出されるカソード排ガ
スとが導入されると共にこれらを熱交換させることによ
り該カソード排ガス中に含まれる水分を凝集させる水凝
集器を備え、 且つ該水凝集器における、前記酸化剤ガスの排出口と前
記カソード排ガスの排出口とを連結するように連続して
設けられたガス透過性の吸水部材を有することを特徴と
する燃料電池システム。1. A fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell main body having a unit cell having an anode and a cathode disposed on both sides of an electrolyte membrane, and supplying a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas to the anode and the cathode, respectively, to generate power. The oxidizing gas and a cathode exhaust gas discharged from the cathode are introduced into a path for supplying the oxidizing gas to the cathode, and are included in the cathode exhaust gas by exchanging heat with them. A water aggregator for aggregating moisture; and a gas-permeable water-absorbing member provided continuously so as to connect the outlet of the oxidizing gas and the outlet of the cathode exhaust gas in the water aggregator. A fuel cell system comprising:
口を前記カソード排ガスの排出口よりも下方にして配設
されたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の燃料電池システ
ム。2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the water aggregator is disposed such that an outlet of the oxidizing gas is lower than an outlet of the cathode exhaust gas.
ける前記酸化剤ガスの供給口を覆うように延在して設け
られたことを特徴とする請求項１又は２のいずれかに記
載の燃料電池システム。3. The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the water absorbing member is provided so as to extend so as to cover a supply port of the oxidizing gas in the fuel cell body. Battery system.
口とカソード排ガスの排出口とを同一面側に有し、且つ
前記供給口を前記排出口よりも下方に配置したことを特
徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の燃料電池シ
ステム。4. The fuel cell body has an oxidant gas supply port and a cathode exhaust gas discharge port on the same surface side, and the supply port is disposed below the discharge port. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
溜めるための貯水部を有すると共に、前記吸水部材が当
該貯水部内に延設され、少なくとも前記燃料電池本体の
起動時には前記吸水部材が前記貯水部内に溜められた水
と接していることを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれ
かに記載の燃料電池システム。5. A water storage portion for storing excess water leaking from the water absorbing member, wherein the water absorbing member extends into the water storing portion, and the water absorbing member is provided at least when the fuel cell main body is started. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fuel cell system is in contact with water stored in the unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14347899A JP3530419B2 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 1999-05-24 | Fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14347899A JP3530419B2 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 1999-05-24 | Fuel cell system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000331699A true JP2000331699A (en) | 2000-11-30 |
| JP3530419B2 JP3530419B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 |
Family
ID=15339644
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14347899A Expired - Fee Related JP3530419B2 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 1999-05-24 | Fuel cell system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3530419B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007066624A (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-15 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid leak detection structure |
| JP2009038015A (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-02-19 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| US8277987B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2012-10-02 | Nec Corporation | Fuel cell system |
-
1999
- 1999-05-24 JP JP14347899A patent/JP3530419B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007066624A (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-15 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid leak detection structure |
| US7430896B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2008-10-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Liquid leak sensing structure |
| US7984639B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2011-07-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Liquid leak sensing structure |
| US8277987B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2012-10-02 | Nec Corporation | Fuel cell system |
| JP2009038015A (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-02-19 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3530419B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 |
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