JP2000322680A - Monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] An observation station that collects monitoring data in a specific area autonomously determines the transmission timing of monitoring data to a monitoring station that collects and manages monitoring data of all observation stations. Provide a monitoring system. SOLUTION: When an observation station that has observed an occurrence event transmits the monitoring data to a monitoring station as monitoring data, the monitoring station waits for transmission of the monitoring data while another observation station is transmitting, and monitors after the transmitting observation station stops transmitting. In a monitoring system that sends data,
The older the time of event occurrence or the greater the number of occurrences of the same event, the shorter the waiting time for transmission after other observation stations stop transmission.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a monitoring system, and more particularly, to a monitoring station which collects monitoring data of a specific area, wherein the monitoring station collects and manages monitoring data of all the monitoring stations. A monitoring system for determining the transmission timing of monitoring data.

[0002] A monitoring system for disaster prevention such as a flood control telemeter system and a sabo telemeter system, a monitoring system for road maintenance and management, a monitoring system for power system operation, and a system for communication system operation Surveillance systems are applied in a great many fields, such as surveillance systems.

[0003] They are essential social systems in the sense that they protect human lives and property from disasters and help smooth operation of social and economic activities, and they are national, national or local governments, Local governments and enterprises that operate specific businesses such as electric power are obliged to install and operate highly reliable monitoring systems.

It is considered that the reliability of a monitoring system is evaluated based on the speed of monitoring data collection, the accuracy of collected monitoring data, and the speed and accuracy of prediction based on the collected monitoring data.

The present invention is particularly concerned with the speed of monitoring data collection.

The surveillance system is applied to a wide range of fields as described above, and there is a difference in idioms in each field. There is a possibility that the necessity of explanation will arise, the meaning of the terminology will be obscured, and the explanation will be less specific. Fortunately, however, the basic function of a monitoring system to collect and process state changes in a monitored object is common to all fields of monitoring systems. Therefore, in this specification, the description will be focused on a monitoring system for disaster prevention.

[0007]

2. Description of the Related Art Among them, a rainfall remote measurement system using a wireless telemeter will be described as an example.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the principle of rainfall remote measurement. Note that, for the purpose of explaining only the principle of rainfall remote measurement, FIG. 12 shows the simplest system configuration in which one monitoring station is arranged for one monitoring station. Observation stations are usually located. .

In FIG. 12, reference numeral 1b denotes an observation station installed at a specific observation point for remotely measuring rainfall, and 2c denotes a monitoring station for collecting and processing monitoring data sent from the observation station 1b. is there.

The observing station 1b is provided with a falling rain gauge 11 and a pulse counter 12 (indicated as pulse counters in the figure, but are identical. In the drawings, the same applies hereinafter. ), Telemeter slave station 14a
(It is shown in the figure as a TM slave station, but it is the same. In the drawings, the same applies hereinafter.)

The monitoring station 2c includes a telemeter master station 21.
a (indicated as a TM master station in the figure, they are the same. In the drawings, the same applies hereinafter), and a processing device 22 is provided.

The falling basin rain gauge 11 normally turns over the measuring basin every time there is a rainfall equivalent to 1 mm per unit area, and outputs a pulse when the measuring basin falls over. In addition, since the rainfall is measured by a purely mechanical operation of overturning a measuring basin having a fixed volume, accurate measurement can be performed with a simple structure.

The pulse counter 12 counts the pulses output by the falling rain gauge 11 and transfers the counted value to the telemeter slave station 14a as monitoring data.

The telemeter slave station 14a is connected to the monitoring station 2c.
The monitoring data is transmitted to and from the telemeter master station 21a provided in the communication system. In a flood control telemeter system or a sabo telemeter system, an observation station is often arranged in a mountainous remote place, and transmission between the telemeter slave station 14a and the telemeter master station 21a is usually performed wirelessly.

The processing unit 22 calculates the amount of precipitation per unit time based on the collected monitoring data, and predicts the subsequent amount of precipitation from the calculated amount of precipitation, and provides it to the relevant departments and local communities. Create precipitation information.

FIG. 9 shows an outline of the prior art (part 1), which is mainly applied to a flood control telemeter system.

In FIG. 9, reference numerals 1b and 1c denote observation stations, 2
a is a monitoring station.

Each of the observation stations 1b and 1c is provided with a falling rain gauge 11, a pulse counter 12, and a telemeter slave station 14a.

The monitoring station 2a has a telemeter master station 21.
a, a processing device 22, and a clock 23 for supplying a time standard for processing.

The function of each component is shown in FIG.
2, which is omitted here.

The flood control telemeter system is arranged and maintained in order to obtain a relatively long-term rainfall tendency in a relatively wide area such as river management and dam management.

Accordingly, the monitoring station 2a is connected to the observation stations 1b and 1b at a relatively long constant period such as a one-hour period or a ten-minute period.
c is called all at once, and each observation station transmits monitoring data to the monitoring station 2a in such a manner as to sequentially respond to the call from the monitoring station.

Normally, the collection time of monitoring data per observation station is about 2 seconds, and it is usual to configure 30 observation stations and finish the collection of monitoring data within one minute.
It is said that this is the largest system configuration that can withstand practical use.

The monitoring station 2a obtains a rainfall at a fixed period such as a 1-hour rainfall or a 10-minute rainfall, or integrates the collected monitoring data, based on a difference between the monitoring data collected this time and the monitoring data collected last time. And then the total rainfall since the beginning of the fall.

FIG. 10 shows an outline of a conventional technique (part 2) mainly applied to a sabo telemeter system.

In FIG. 10, 1d and 1e are observation stations,
2b is a monitoring station.

Each of the observation stations 1d and 1e is provided with a falling rain gauge 11, a pulse counter 12, and a telemeter slave station 14b.

The monitoring station 2b has a telemeter master station 21.
b, a processing device 22, and a clock 23 for supplying a time standard for processing.

The function of each component in the configuration shown in FIG. 10 has been described in the description related to FIG. 12 and will not be repeated here.

The sabo telemeter system is arranged and installed to detect landslides such as landslides and debris flows, and to capture heavy rainfall that is difficult to predict in places where there is a high risk of occurrence of landslides such as landslides and debris flows. ing.

Therefore, it is usually 1 mm at each observation station.
By automatically transmitting monitoring data to a monitoring station every time a rainfall is measured, it is possible to capture rainfall intensity in real time.

[0032]

However, there is a limit to the radio frequency band that can be used for a telemeter system in Japan, and it is practically impossible to use a plurality of frequencies in one telemeter system. .

In the configuration shown in FIG. 9, since each monitoring station sequentially transmits monitoring data to the monitoring station in response to the simultaneous calling of the monitoring station, the transmission timings of the monitoring stations do not match, and one monitoring However, there is no problem with transmission of monitoring data from each observation station to the monitoring station.

On the other hand, in the configuration shown in FIG. 10, when a plurality of observation stations measure a certain amount of rainfall, a problem is caused since the observation is autonomously transmitted to the monitoring station.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a problem of the configuration of FIG.

According to domestic statistics, 100 hours of rainfall per hour
Since the rainfall of 30 mm in 10 mm rainfall is the highest in the history of observation, transmitting monitoring data to the monitoring station every time 1 mm of rainfall is measured is one observation in the most frequent case Once per station / 20 seconds to once /
36 seconds.

In a standard sabo telemeter system, about 20 monitoring stations are installed per monitoring station, and monitoring data measured by these monitoring stations is transmitted to the monitoring stations.

Therefore, even if a simple division is performed, about (1 to 1)
1.8) It is expected that the monitoring data is transmitted to the monitoring station once every second.

In addition, in a specific area, it is possible that almost uniform rainfall can be observed in the entire area within a limited time of 1 hour to 10 minutes. It is expected that the frequency of transmission of monitoring data from the observation station to the monitoring station will be further increased, and it is necessary to consider that the frequency may be reduced to once per second or less.

Thus, let us consider a sabo telemeter system having four observation stations as an example, and suppose that observation station 1 starts communication at time t = 0. The communication time is
It is about 2 seconds as described above. At this time, observation station 2
Or heavy rain in the observation area of Observation Station 4
Since the observation station 4 observes a certain amount of rainfall, the observation station 4 tries to transmit it to the monitoring station, but it is assumed that it is every 0.5 seconds.

However, if the observation station 2 starts communication while the observation station 1 is performing communication, interference occurs because the communication uses the same frequency, and the monitoring station performs communication with the observation station 1.
And the observation data transmitted by the observation station 2 cannot be received.

In the meantime, the other observation stations try to start transmission, so that the monitoring station cannot receive the observation data transmitted by the observation stations while a plurality of observation stations are transmitting simultaneously.

That is, even if there is monitoring data that needs to be transmitted immediately, the monitoring station falls into a state where the monitoring data cannot be received, and the original function of the sabo telemeter system cannot be faithfully realized.

In view of the above situation, if a plurality of frequency bands can be allocated between a plurality of observation stations and a single monitoring station, each observation station can communicate more flexibly. Due to quotas,
In reality it is not acceptable.

Further, if there is a band for performing arbitration for determining the transmission start authority, it becomes possible to transmit monitoring data after arbitration, thereby avoiding a communication collision between the observation stations, Transmission can be performed relatively smoothly.

However, it is difficult to secure an arbitration band when the frequency band that can be assigned is limited, and the configuration of the sabo telemeter system must be complicated to perform arbitration. You come across a completely different problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a sabo telemeter system having a simple configuration and capable of transmitting monitoring data to all observation stations as quickly as possible while avoiding collision. With the goal.

The same technique is applied to other monitoring systems, and in general, all observation stations can transmit monitoring data as quickly as possible with a simple configuration and avoiding collision. It aims to supply a monitoring system.

[0049]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The gist of the present invention is to provide a method in which a falling rain gauge outputs a pulse at each observation station.
When a specific observation station is transmitting, each observation station detects that the transmission of the specific observation station has stopped, sets a waiting time autonomously, and after the waiting time elapses, the observation station concerned. Is a technique for transmitting monitoring data to a monitoring station.

First, as a factor for setting the waiting time, a time t _pi (i) measured each time the falling rain gauge outputs a pulse.
Is a positive integer), a time t _e measured when detecting that the other observation station has stopped transmitting, and a time provided at the observation station at the time when detecting that the other observation station has stopped transmitting. The count value n of the pulse counter (where n is a positive integer and the maximum value of the above i) is used.

Now, from the viewpoint of the purpose of the sabo telemeter system, the time at which the falling rain gauge provided at the observation station outputs a pulse indicates the time at which the transmission was stopped by another observation station. The older the older, the faster the monitoring data needs to be sent to the monitoring station.

Also, the pulse signals provided at the observation station
Since the large count value of the counter means that the number of pulses generated by the falling rain gauge is large, the larger the count value of the pulse counter provided in the observation station is, the sooner the monitoring station is monitored. Need to send data.

Among them, the falling rain gauge outputs a pulse once.
The oldness of the input time is the time when the other station stopped communication.
From the observation station,
Time (t_e-T_pi), So
Comprehensive measurement when the falling rain gauge outputs multiple pulses
The oldness of the time is expressed by Σ from i = 1 to i = n (t _e
-T_pi), 総 (t_e-T_pi).

The magnitude of the count value is naturally represented by n.

The fact that it is necessary to transmit monitoring data to the monitoring station earlier as the time is earlier and earlier as the count value is larger means that the earlier the time, the shorter the waiting time.
Since the count value is equivalent to that it is necessary to set a higher short waiting time is greater, set as the waiting time T T = 1 / _{[aΣ (t e -t pi) +} b · n ] (1) . However, sigma is the sum from i = 1 i = n to the the (t _e -t _pi).

The waiting time at each observation station is defined as (1)
By setting as in the formula, the waiting time can be set by comprehensively evaluating the age of the pulse generation time and the magnitude of the count value, so that the purpose of the sabo telemeter system can be matched and in real time. The monitoring data can be transmitted, and a waiting process matching the rainfall situation around that time can be performed.

In each observation station, the count value n
T that counted the pulse output by the rain gauge
_Since it is difficult to _imagine that all _pi are equal, the waiting time set by the equation (1) differs depending on each observation station, and the times at which a plurality of observation stations start transmission after a specific observation station stops transmitting can be shifted. Therefore, it is possible to avoid collision between transmissions of a plurality of observation stations.

Moreover, since it is not necessary to perform processing such as arbitration to avoid transmission collision, there is a great advantage that the configuration of the sabo telemeter system is not complicated.

[0059]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a sabo telemeter system according to the present invention.

In FIG. 1, 1 and 1a are observation stations, and 2 is a monitoring station.

Each of the observing stations 1 and 1a has a falling rain gauge 11, a pulse counter 12, a queuing processing unit 13, a telemeter slave station 14, and a clock serving as a time standard for time management and queuing processing. 15 are provided.

The monitoring station 2 has a telemeter master station 21,
A processing device 22 and a clock 23 serving as a time standard when performing processing are provided.

The falling basin rain gauge 11 normally turns the measuring basin every time there is a rainfall equivalent to 1 mm per unit area, outputs a pulse when the measuring basin falls, and counts the pulse counter 12. The information is supplied, and at the same time, trigger information of the waiting process is supplied to the waiting process unit 13.

Each time the pulse counter 12 counts the pulse output from the falling storm gauge 11, the count value i
(Where i is a value obtained by counting the pulses output by the tumble gauge rain gauge 11 and is a positive integer, of course, and the count value accumulated up to a certain point in time is n). 13 to the telemeter slave station 14.

The telemeter slave station 14 transmits monitoring data to and from the telemeter master station 21 provided in the monitoring station 2. In a flood control telemeter system or a sabo telemeter system, an observation station is often arranged in a mountainous remote place, and transmission between the telemeter slave station 14a and the telemeter master station 21a is usually performed wirelessly.

The telemeter slave station 14 constantly monitors the carrier wave of the radio communication allocated to the sabo telemeter system, and other observation stations determine whether or not there is a carrier wave indicating the transmission state and stop the carrier wave. The information is supplied to the waiting processing unit 13.

The waiting processing unit 13 is provided with the falling rain gauge 1
Each of the times t _pi (i is a count of each time a pulse is output) at which the falling rain gauge 11 measures a predetermined rainfall and outputs a pulse, triggered by a pulse that is output by measuring a predetermined rainfall 1 Is measured, and the transmission stop time t _e of another observation station is measured based on the information about the stop of the carrier supplied from the telemeter slave station 14, and a and b are constants. The waiting time T before starting transmission is calculated by the above equation (1).

Then, when the waiting time T elapses after the other observing station that has been transmitting has stopped transmitting, it instructs the telemeter slave station 14 to transmit monitoring data to the telemeter master station 21.

The processing device 22 receiving the monitoring data as described above calculates the precipitation per unit time based on the collected monitoring data, calculates the integrated precipitation, and calculates the subsequent precipitation from the calculated precipitation. Forecasts to create rainfall information to be provided to relevant departments and communities.

As described above, if the waiting time is set at each observation station as shown in the equation (1), the generation time of the pulse output when a predetermined rainfall is detected, that is, the oldness of the generation event, Since the magnitude of the count value of the pulse, that is, the severity of the event, can be comprehensively evaluated and the waiting time until the observation station starts transmitting monitoring data to the monitoring station can be set autonomously. The monitoring data can be transmitted in a state that meets the purpose of the telemeter system and is close to real time.

Here, in practice, it is difficult to imagine that the count value n of the pulse output from the falling rain gauge and the time t _pi when counting the pulse output from the falling rain gauge at each observation station are all equal. Therefore, the waiting time set by the equation (1) is likely to be different for each observation station,
There is a high possibility that a difference occurs in the waiting time set for each observation station.

Accordingly, it is possible to set the times at which a plurality of observation stations start transmission at different times, so that it is possible to avoid a collision of timings at which a plurality of observation stations transmit to the monitoring station.

Further, since it is not necessary to perform special processing such as arbitration in order to avoid transmission collision, a frequency band for arbitration is not required, and the configuration of the sabo telemeter system is complicated. There is a big advantage that there is no.

Here, since the sabo telemeter system has been described as an example, the pulse output from the falling rain gauge is used as a trigger for activating the waiting processing unit. However, in a general monitoring system, a change in state (event occurrence) occurs. ) Is triggered by the signal detected as the above), and the time when the state change occurs, the number of times the same event is repeatedly generated, and the time when a specific observation station stops transmitting are measured and used. Exactly the same function can be realized.

FIG. 2 shows the principle (No. 1) of the waiting operation of the present invention.

In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents time, and here, it is displayed in units of seconds. The vertical axis shows the difference between observation stations.

Now, it is assumed that the observation station 1 has started transmission at t = 0. It is assumed that the transmission time is 2 seconds in a normal sabo telemeter system.

It is assumed that the falling station rain gauge detects 1 mm rainfall in the observation stations 2 to 4 during the transmission by the observation station 1, and the falling station rain gauge generates a pulse. At that time,
Each time is 0.5, 1, and 1.5 seconds after the observation station 1 starts transmitting. These are t _p measured in each observation station (since tipping tipping bucket at any of the observation station is once, 1 subscript describes omitted.).

The value n counted by the pulse counter in each of the observation stations 2 to 4 is 1.

For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the constants a and b in the equation (1) are set to 1 in each observation station.

The observation station 1 stops transmitting at t = 2 seconds. This is time t _e .

Using the above parameters, the queuing processing unit provided at each observation station calculates the queuing time T. As a result, for observation station 2, T ₂₁ = 1 / [(2-0.5) +1] = 0.4 seconds For observation station 3, T ₃₁ = 1 / [(2-1) +1] = T ₄₁ = 1 / [(2-1.5) +1] = 0.67 seconds for the observation station 4 for 0.5 seconds. Note that, among the suffixes of the waiting time T, the preceding suffix is the number of the observation station, and the subsequent suffix is the number of times of calculating the waiting time or the number of waiting times.

Each observation station waits for transmission for the above-mentioned waiting time.

Obviously, the observation station 2 attempts transmission after the elapse of the waiting time. At this time, the observation station 1 has stopped transmitting, the observation stations 3 and 4 are waiting, and none of the other observation stations are transmitting, so the observation station 2 succeeds in transmission and starts transmission. . Therefore, the transmission end time is t =
4.4 seconds.

During this time, the observation stations 3 and 4 attempt transmission after the waiting time has elapsed, but the observation station 2 is transmitting and is waiting for transmission. When detecting that the observation station 2 has stopped transmitting at t _e = 4.4 seconds, a new t _e =
4.4 and seconds, ahead of the event occurrence time t _p (= 1,1.5)
And a new waiting time is calculated using the previous count value n (= 1). As a result, for observation station 3, T ₃₂ = 0.23 seconds For observation station 4, T ₄₂ = 0.26 seconds is obtained.

Therefore, the observation station 3 determines that t = (4.4 + 0.2
3) Attempt to transmit at second, and at this time, since no other observation station is transmitting, transmission succeeds and transmission starts.
Therefore, the transmission end time is t = 6.6 seconds.

During this time, the observation station 4 attempts transmission after the waiting time has elapsed, but since the observation station 3 is transmitting, it waits for transmission. When the observation station 3 at t _e = 6.6 seconds to detect that it has stopped sending a new t _e = 6.6 seconds,
The previous event occurrence time t _p (= 1.5), newly calculates the waiting time using a previous count value n (= 1). As a result, waiting time of the observation station 4, a T ₄₃ = 0.16 sec. Therefore, the observation station 4 attempts transmission after the elapse of the 0.16 second waiting time. At this time, since no observation station is transmitting, the transmission succeeds and starts transmission. The transmission end time is t = 8.76 seconds.

As described above, by performing the queuing process of the present invention, transmission collision does not occur between the observation stations. Then, as the number of times of waiting increases, the waiting time decreases, so that all observation stations can end transmission at a time close to 2 seconds × 4 stations = 8 seconds.

FIG. 3 shows the principle (No. 2) of the waiting operation of the present invention.

Also in FIG. 3, the horizontal axis is time, and is displayed in seconds. The vertical axis shows the difference between observation stations.

Also in this case, it is assumed that the observation station 1 has started transmission at t = 0, and the transmission time is 2 seconds in a normal sabo telemeter system.

It is assumed that the tipping rain gauge detects 1 mm rainfall in the monitoring stations 2 to 4 during the transmission by the monitoring station 1, and that the tipping rain gauge generates a pulse. At that time,
They are 0.5 seconds, 1 second and 1.5 seconds, respectively. These are t _p measured in each observation station (since tipping tipping bucket at any of the observation station is once, 1 subscript describes omitted.).

The final count value in each of the observation stations 2 to 4 is 1.

Further, as described above, it is assumed that the constants a and b in the equation (1) are set to 1 in each observation station.

The observation station 1 stops transmitting at t = 2 seconds. This is time t _e .

Using the above parameters, the queuing processing unit provided at each observation station calculates the queuing time T. As a result, for observation station 2, T ₂₁ = 0.4 sec. For observation station 3, T ₃₁ = 0.5 sec. For observation station 4, T ₄₁ = 0.67 sec. Wait for transmission for the waiting time.

Obviously, the observation station 2 attempts transmission after the elapse of the waiting time. At this time, since no other observation station is transmitting, the transmission is successful and transmission starts.
Therefore, the transmission end time is t = 4.4 seconds.

During this time, the observation station 3 and the observation station 4 try to transmit after the waiting time has elapsed, but since the observation station 2 is transmitting, the transmission is waiting.

In this example, it is assumed that a pulse is generated at observation station 4 at t = 3.5 seconds while waiting for transmission. Therefore, at this time, the count value of the observation station 4 is incremented by 2 to 2.

[0100] Then, t _e = the said observation station 2 at 4.4 seconds to detect that it has stopped sending a new t _e = 4.4 seconds, the previous event occurrence time t _pi (the observing station 3 in 1 Second, the observation station 4 newly calculates a waiting time using the count value n (1.5 seconds and 3.5 seconds) and the previous count value n (1 for the observation station 3 and 2 for the observation station 4). As a result, for observation station 3, T ₃₂ = 0.23 seconds For observation station 4, T ₄₂ = 0.17 seconds is obtained.

Therefore, the observation station 4 determines that t = (4.4 + 0.1
7) Attempt transmission at second, and at this time, no other observation station is transmitting, so transmission succeeds and transmission starts.
Therefore, the transmission end time is t = 6.6 seconds.

During this time, the observation station 3 attempts to transmit after the waiting time has elapsed, but the observation station 4 is transmitting and is waiting for transmission. When the observation station 4 at t _e = 6.6 seconds to detect that it has stopped sending a new t _e = 6.6 seconds,
The previous event occurrence time t _p (= 1), the previous count value n
A new waiting time is calculated using (= 1). As a result, the waiting time of the observation station 3 is T ₃₃ = 0.15 seconds. Therefore, the observation station 4 attempts transmission after the elapse of the waiting time of 0.15 seconds. At this time, since no observation station is transmitting, the transmission succeeds and starts transmission. The transmission end time is t = 8.75 seconds.

As described above, by performing the queuing process of the present invention, transmission collision does not occur between the observation stations. Also, as the number of times of waiting increases, the waiting time decreases, so that all observation stations can end transmission at a time close to 2 seconds × 4 stations = 8 seconds.

In the case of this example, since the observation station 2 observes a new event during the transmission during the transmission, the observation station 4 gives priority to the transmission of the observation station 4 by comprehensively evaluating it. Has become.

That is, according to the waiting process of the present invention, there is an advantage that the waiting time can be set by simultaneously evaluating the rainfall state at that time.

The weight of the evaluation of the rainfall state can be changed by setting the constants a and b.

The most extreme case is when a or b is set to 0.

If a is set to 0, the occurrence time of the event is not evaluated at all, and the waiting time can be set shorter as the number of occurrences of the event increases. This setting is suitable for a situation in which rainfall occurs in the observation range of all observation stations under the monitoring station, and only the amount of rain differs in the observation range of each observation station.

On the other hand, if b = 0 is set, the number of occurrences of the event is not evaluated at all, and the earlier the occurrence of the event, the shorter the waiting time can be set. This is because there is rainfall in the observation range of all observation stations under the monitoring station, but there is a difference only in the time of rainfall observation, and the rainfall amount does not change much, that is, the situation of moving heavy rainfall This setting is suitable for

Therefore, by setting the above constants a and b, the setting of the waiting time can be changed according to various predicted situations, and an extremely flexible sabo telemeter system can be realized.

In the above example, the same constant is set for each observation station. However, it is also effective to set a different constant for each observation station.

Further, it is also possible to change the setting of the constant according to the situation. It is also possible to change autonomously by a program loaded in the observation station, or to issue a change instruction in the form of a so-called download from the monitoring station.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart (part 1) showing the operation of the waiting processing section, which is the most basic flowchart.

Hereinafter, the details of the operation of the waiting processing unit will be described along the reference numerals in FIG.

S1. Start the clock that is the standard for the observation time.

S2. Events to be reported (Sabo Telemeter
In the system, this event is the occurrence of a pulse due to the fall of the falling rain gauge. ) Is determined.

When no event to be reported has occurred (No)
Loop in this step.

S3. If an event to be reported has occurred in step S2 (Yes), the occurrence time of the event is measured and stored.

S4. It is determined whether another observation station is transmitting. Specifically, since the wireless carrier is always detected in the telemeter slave station 14 of FIG. 1, it is sufficient to confirm whether or not the detection is performed.

S5. If it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is not transmitting (No), it is determined whether or not the event count value n is 0.

As will be further clarified in the following description, the event occurrence count value n is incremented after it is determined that another observation station is transmitting. If the transmission has not been performed and the count value n is 0, the observation station can transmit unconditionally.
Jump to 15.

S15. Delete stored parameters. In this case, since only the occurrence time t _p of the event it is stored, so that in effect erasing t _p.

S16. The occurrence of the event to be reported is transmitted to the monitoring station. Actually, the state returns to the initial state after the transmission is completed. However, the flowchart is shown here assuming that a series of processing is temporarily terminated after the transmission is completed.

On the other hand, S6. If it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is transmitting (Yes), and if it is determined in step S5 that the count value n is not 0 (No), the count value n of the event occurrence is counted up. Proceed. As described in the description of step S15,
Since the count value is erased and initialized before transmission, there is no need to initialize between steps S1 to S6.

S7. It is determined whether or not another observation station has stopped transmitting. Specifically, the telemeter slave station 14 in FIG. 1 only needs to detect that the detection of the wireless carrier has stopped and detect the information notified to the waiting processing unit.

If it is determined that the other observation stations have not stopped transmitting (No), the process returns to step S2, and the processing of the subsequent steps is continued.

Now, once it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is transmitting, if it is determined that another observation station is not transmitting when looping back to step S4, Since the count value n is incremented in step S6, the count value n of the event occurrence is always a positive integer.

Therefore, in this case, it is determined in step S5 that n is not 0 (No), and the process jumps to step S6 to advance n.

Since it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is not communicating, step S7 is performed.
Then, it is naturally determined that another observation station has stopped transmission (Ye
s), and the process will proceed to step S8.

S8. Time t at which another observation station stopped transmitting
Measure and store _e .

S9. To date stores t _pi, it calculates the waiting time T using the n and t _e.

S10. Activate a T timer that measures the waiting time.

S11. It is determined whether the waiting time has exceeded the waiting time T calculated in step S9.

S12. If it is determined that the waiting time calculated in step S9 has not yet elapsed (No), the T timer is incremented and the process returns to step S11.

S13. If it is determined in step S11 that the waiting time calculated in step S9 has elapsed (Yes), the T timer is initialized, and the stored time t _{e at} which the other observation station stopped transmitting is erased. I do.

S14. It is determined whether another observation station is transmitting.

If it is determined that another observation station is transmitting (Yes), the process returns to step S1, and the processing described above is performed again. In this case, the waiting time T is initialized, the time t _e at which the other observation station stopped transmitting has been deleted, and the event occurrence time t _p and the count value n have been saved. When the process reaches step S9, the waiting time T is newly calculated using t _e measured in step S8. That is, FIG. 2 or FIG.
In the case where another observation station is transmitting when the waiting time elapses as in the example shown in, the subsequent observation can be continuously performed to newly calculate the waiting time.

S15. If it is determined in step S14 that another observation station is not transmitting (No), all the stored data is deleted because the observation station can transmit. S16. After the transmission, the waiting process is temporarily terminated.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the waiting processing unit (part 2), which is a flowchart emphasizing real-time processing.

Hereinafter, the operation of the waiting processing unit will be described in detail with reference to the reference numerals in FIG.

S1. Start the clock that is the standard for the observation time.

S2. Events to be reported (Sabo Telemeter
In the system, this event is the occurrence of a pulse due to the fall of the falling rain gauge. ) Is determined.

When there is no event to be reported (No)
Loop in this step.

S3. If an event to be reported has occurred in step S2 (Yes), the occurrence time of the event is measured and stored.

S4. It is determined whether another observation station is transmitting. Specifically, since the wireless carrier is always detected in the telemeter slave station 14 of FIG. 1, it is sufficient to confirm whether or not the detection is performed.

S5. If it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is not transmitting (No), it is determined whether or not the event count value n is 0.

As already described with reference to FIG. 4, the count value n of the occurrence of an event is incremented after it is determined that another observation station is transmitting. If not, and the count value n is 0, the observation station can transmit unconditionally, and the process jumps to step S15.

S15. Delete stored parameters. In this case, since only the event occurrence time t _pi is stored, t _pi is substantially deleted.

S16. The occurrence of the event to be reported is transmitted to the monitoring station, and the queuing process is temporarily terminated.

S6. On the other hand, when it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is transmitting (Yes),
The event occurrence count value n is incremented, and the process returns to step S2. S7. It is determined whether or not another observation station has stopped transmitting.
Specifically, the telemeter slave station 14 in FIG. 1 only needs to detect that the detection of the wireless carrier has stopped and detect the information notified to the waiting processing unit.

In the case of the flowchart of FIG. 5, it is characterized in that the determination as to whether or not another observation station has stopped transmission is made independently of the other processing steps.

That is, when it is determined that the other observation stations have not stopped transmission (No), the loop is made in step S7.

Now, once it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is transmitting, if it is determined that another observation station is not transmitting when looping back to step S4, , The event occurrence count value n is always a positive integer.

Therefore, in this case, it is determined in step S5 that n is not 0 (No), and n is incremented in step S6.

Since it has been determined in step S4 that the other observation station is not communicating, in step S7 in which the transmission stop of the other observation station is detected independently of the other processing steps, it is natural. It is determined that another observation station has stopped transmitting (Yes), and the process proceeds to step S8 in the interrupt processing.

S8. Time t at which another observation station stopped transmitting
Measure and store _e .

S9. To date stores t _pi, it calculates the waiting time T using the n and t _e.

S10. The T timer for measuring the waiting time is started, and the process returns to step S2.

This is a processing procedure for capturing an event that may occur during the waiting time.

S11. It is determined whether the waiting time has exceeded the waiting time T calculated in step S9.

If it is determined that the waiting time calculated in step S9 has not yet elapsed (No), S12. The T timer is advanced, and the process returns to step S11.

Steps S11 and S12 are also performed independently of other processing steps.

S13. When it is determined in step S12 that the waiting time calculated in step S9 has elapsed (Yes), the T timer is initialized by interrupt processing, and the stored time when another observation station stops transmission. to clear the t _e.

S14. It is determined whether another observation station is transmitting.

If it is determined that another observation station is transmitting (Yes), the process returns to step S2, and the processing described above is performed again. In this case, the waiting time T is initialized, the time t _e at which the other observation station stopped transmitting has been deleted, and the event occurrence time t _pi and the count value n have been saved. When the process reaches step S9, the waiting time T is newly calculated using t _e measured in step S8. That is, as in the example shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, when another observation station is transmitting when the waiting time has elapsed, the subsequent observation is continuously performed to newly calculate the waiting time. can do.

S15. If it is determined in step S14 that another observation station is not transmitting (No), all the stored data is deleted because the observation station can transmit. S16. After the transmission, the waiting process is temporarily terminated.

According to the flowchart of FIG. 5, the determination as to whether or not the transmission from another observation station has stopped and the determination as to whether or not the waiting time has elapsed are independent of the other processing steps. The transmission to the monitoring station can be started while observing the event, so that the real-time performance of event occurrence monitoring can be improved.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart (part 3) showing the operation of the queuing processing unit, which includes processing for preventing the collision from being repeated even if the transmission timing collides.

FIG. 6 includes a process for preventing the collision from being repeated even if the transmission timing collides with the flowchart of FIG. 4 as a reference. It is also possible to add the same function based on.

Hereinafter, the operation of the waiting processing unit will be described in detail with reference to the reference numerals in FIG.

S1. Start the clock that is the standard for the observation time.

S2. Events to be reported (Sabo Telemeter
In the system, this event is the occurrence of a pulse due to the fall of the falling rain gauge. ) Is determined.

When there is no event to be reported (No)
Loop in this step.

S3. If an event to be reported has occurred in step S2 (Yes), the occurrence time of the event is measured and stored.

S4. It is determined whether another observation station is transmitting. Specifically, since the radio carrier is detected in the telemeter slave station 14 of FIG. 1, the detection result may be confirmed.

S5. If it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is not transmitting (No), it is determined whether or not the event count value n is 0.

As is apparent from the description of the above-described flowchart, the event occurrence count value n is incremented after it is determined that another observation station is transmitting. If the transmission has not been performed and the count value n is 0, the observation station can transmit unconditionally, and the process jumps to step S15.

S15. Delete stored parameters. In this case, since only the event occurrence time t _pi is stored, t _pi is substantially deleted.

S16. The occurrence of the event to be reported is transmitted to the monitoring station. Actually, the state returns to the initial state after the transmission is completed. However, the flowchart is shown here assuming that a series of processing is temporarily terminated after the transmission is completed.

When it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is transmitting (Yes), the event occurrence count value n is incremented.

S7. It is determined whether or not another observation station has stopped transmitting. Specifically, what is necessary is just to detect that the telemeter slave station 14 in FIG. 1 detects that the detection of the wireless carrier has stopped and notifies the waiting processing unit.

If it is determined that the other observation stations have not stopped transmission (No), the process returns to step S2, and the processing of the subsequent steps is continued.

Now, once it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is transmitting, if it is determined that another observation station is not transmitting when looping back to step S4, , The event occurrence count value n is always a positive integer.

Therefore, in this case, it is determined in step S5 that n is not 0 (No), and the process jumps to step S6 to increment the count value n.

Since it is determined in step S4 that another observation station is not communicating, step S7 is performed.
Then, it is naturally determined that another observation station has stopped transmission (Ye
s), and the process will proceed to step S8.

S8. Time t at which another observation station stopped transmitting
Measure and store _e .

S9. To date stores t _pi, it calculates the waiting time T using the n and t _e.

S10. Activate a T timer that measures the waiting time.

S11. It is determined whether the waiting time has exceeded the waiting time T calculated in step S9.

S12. If it is determined that the waiting time calculated in step S9 has not yet elapsed (No), the T timer is incremented and the process returns to step S11.

S13. If it is determined in step S11 that the waiting time calculated in step S9 has elapsed (Yes), the T timer is initialized, and the stored time t _{e at} which the other observation station stopped transmitting is erased. I do.

S14. It is determined whether another observation station is transmitting.

S15. If it is determined in step S14 that another observation station is not transmitting (No), all the stored data is deleted because the observation station can transmit. S16. After the transmission, the waiting process is temporarily terminated.

S17. On the other hand, when it is determined in step S14 that another observation station is transmitting (Yes)
, A counter that counts the number of times transmission is impossible even after the waiting time has elapsed is incremented. The count value is set to m.

S18. The count value is a predetermined count value m
_It is determined whether or not ₀ is exceeded.

If the count value does not exceed the predetermined count value m ₀ (No), the flow returns to step S2 to continue the above processing.

S19. If it is determined in step S18 that the count value has exceeded the predetermined count value m ₀ (Yes), the constants a and b are changed to larger values than before, the process returns to step S2, and the above processing is continued.

As described above, by changing the constants a and b set in the observation station to larger values than before, the waiting time T is reduced to a smaller value when the next waiting time is calculated in step S9. Therefore, when another observation station stops transmission next time, there is a high possibility that the observation station can start transmission preferentially, and it is possible to limit the number of times the same observation station waits for transmission. become able to.

Therefore, it becomes possible to provide a monitoring system that further matches the purpose of the sabo telemeter system.

When the transmission right is obtained after counting the number of times of waiting in this way, it is necessary to delete the count value m in step S15.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart (part 4) for explaining the operation of the waiting processing section. In the flowchart of FIG. 4, when the count value n of the event occurrence exceeds a predetermined count value, the constants a and b are changed. Thus, even if transmission is awaited, transmission can be preferentially performed at the next opportunity.

It should be noted that FIG. 4 has already been described in detail, and since the above functions can be simply inserted into the flowchart of FIG. 4, only the processing steps to be inserted will be described.

After step S6 is completed, step S2
Move to 0.

S20. It is determined whether or not the event occurrence count value n has exceeded a predetermined count value n ₀ .

When it is determined that the count value n does not exceed the predetermined count value n ₀ (No), the process immediately proceeds to step S7.

S19. In step S20, if the count value n is determined to exceed the predetermined count value n ₀ (Yes), the process proceeds to step S7 after changing the constants a and b.

In this way, when the number of occurrences of an event increases while waiting for transmission, the waiting time of the observation station is shortened when another observation station stops transmitting next time. Transmission of the observation station can be performed with priority.

Further, the fact that the count value n increases while waiting for transmission may be caused by a large number of times of waiting for transmission. It is also possible to substitute for the processing.

In the waiting processing operation shown in FIG. 7, the constants a and b are changed in a state where the count value is unexpectedly large, that is, an abnormal state. There is a possibility that they do not match. Therefore, it is desirable to return the constants a and b to their original values when erasing the data stored in step 15.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart (part 5) for explaining the operation of the queuing unit. In the flowchart of FIG. Even if the user is kept waiting, the transmission can be performed preferentially at the next opportunity.

Note that FIG. 4 has already been described in detail, and since the above functions can be simply inserted into the flowchart of FIG. 4, only the processing steps to be inserted will be described.

After step S6 is completed, step S2
Move to 1.

S21. The difference between the previously measured t _pi and the currently measured t _pi is determined.

S22. It is determined whether the difference is smaller than a predetermined difference.

If the difference is not smaller than the predetermined difference (N
In o), the process immediately proceeds to step S7.

S19. When it is determined in step S22 that the difference is smaller than the predetermined difference (Yes), the process proceeds to step S7 after changing the constants a and b.

In this way, when the interval between occurrences of events becomes abnormally small while waiting for transmission, the waiting time of the observation station is shortened when another observation station stops transmitting next time. Thus, the transmission of the observation station can be preferentially performed.

In the queuing process shown in FIG. 8, the constants a and b are changed when the pulse generation interval is unexpectedly short, ie, in a state that can be said to be abnormal. Normally, there is a possibility that they do not match.
Therefore, it is desirable to return the constants a and b to their original values when erasing the data stored in step 15.

As mentioned earlier, the present invention has been described with the sabo telemeter system as a specific object, but the application of the technique of the present invention is limited to the sabo telemeter system. Not something.

In other words, the pulse generated by the falling rain gauge corresponds to a change in the state in a general monitoring system, in particular, the occurrence of an event mainly related to an alarm. Corresponds to the number of repetitions.

Therefore, the equation (1) determines the waiting time until the transmission based on the time when the alarm is generated, the number of times the alarm is generated, and the time when the other observation station stops the transmission.
It can also be applied to general monitoring systems.

In this sense, the present invention makes it possible to improve the reliability of the monitoring function of a general monitoring system.

In the above description, the waiting time has been consistently set by the equation (1), but the method of setting the waiting time is not limited to the equation (1).

[0224] In other words, old and event occurrence time, since the event the number of occurrences is the more it is sufficient waiting time set short often, above Σ (t _e -t _pi) and, n the not as it is used, of these amounts May be set as a denominator using the expression based on the monotonically increasing function as described above, or as an expression based on a monotonically decreasing function of these quantities.
These functions may be selected in accordance with the conditions required of the monitoring system, or may be selected so that the waiting time can be different when the event occurrence times are close to a plurality of observation stations.

In this sense, it can be said that the expression (1) only has the meaning as the simplest example.

[0226]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the monitoring station that collects the monitoring data of a specific area autonomously monitors the monitoring data that collects and manages the monitoring data of all the monitoring stations. It is possible to realize a monitoring system that can determine the transmission timing of the monitoring station, and can quickly transmit monitoring data from the observation station to the monitoring station.

Furthermore, since the constant for determining the waiting time can be changed according to the monitoring situation or the situation of the transmission waiting, the transmission function in the monitoring system can be made flexible.

That is, according to the present invention, the reliability of the monitoring function of the monitoring system can be greatly improved.

In addition, there is an advantage that there is no need to perform complicated processing such as arbitration, and it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of frequency bands.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the principle of the sabo telemeter system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows the principle of the waiting operation of the present invention (No. 1).

FIG. 3 shows the principle of the waiting operation of the present invention (No. 2).

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of a waiting processing unit (part 1).

FIG. 5 is a flowchart (part 2) illustrating the operation of the waiting processing unit.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart (part 3) showing the operation of the waiting processing unit.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the waiting processing unit (part 4).

FIG. 8 is a flowchart (part 5) illustrating the operation of the waiting processing unit.

FIG. 9 shows a conventional technique (part 1).

FIG. 10 shows a conventional technique (part 2).

FIG. 11 is a problem of the configuration of FIG.

FIG. 12 shows the principle of rainfall remote measurement.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Observation station 1a Observation station 1b Observation station 2 Monitoring station 2a Monitoring station 2b Monitoring station 2c Monitoring station 11 Falling rain gauge 12 Pulse counter (pulse counter) 13 Waiting processing unit 14 Telemeter slave station 14a Telemeter slave station 14b Telemeter slave station 15 Clock 21 Telemeter master station 21a Telemeter master station 21b Telemeter master station 22 Processing device 23 Clock

Claims (4)

[Claims] When an observation station that has observed an occurrence event transmits the monitoring data to a monitoring station as monitoring data, the monitoring station waits for transmission of the monitoring data while another observation station is transmitting and waits after the transmitting observation station stops transmitting. In a monitoring system that transmits monitoring data, the transmission is performed autonomously at the transmitting observation station, the older the time of event occurrence or the greater the number of occurrences of the same event, the more the other observation stations stop transmitting. A surveillance system characterized by setting a shorter waiting time. 2. The monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein when the number of times of waiting for transmission because another observation station is transmitting exceeds a predetermined number of times, an autonomous transmission is performed in the observation station that performs transmission. A monitoring system, wherein a constant for setting a transmission waiting time after another observation station stops transmitting is changed. 3. The monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, when the number of times of occurrence of the event exceeds a predetermined number, the transmitting station autonomously stops the transmission by another monitoring station. A monitoring system characterized by changing a constant for setting a waiting time for transmission of data. 4. The monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein when an interval between occurrences of events becomes smaller than a predetermined interval, another observation station stops transmission autonomously in the transmission observation station. A monitoring system wherein a constant for setting a waiting time for later transmission is changed.