JP2000354419A - Supporter of medium for spawn of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a supporter capable of obtaining fruit bodies of excellent mushrooms having good quality with almost the same size of caps, provide a method for producing spawns using the supporter, obtain the spawns of mushrooms by the supporter and provide a method for artificial culturing of the fruit bodies using the spawns. SOLUTION: This supporter of a medium for spawns of mushrooms contains 60-100 wt.% of a supporter having particle size passing through 16 mesh-sieve. Spawns are specific in using the supporter of medium for spawns and produced by specifically using the same. The method for artificially culturing fruit bodies is to specifically use the spawns.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a medium support for inoculum in artificial cultivation of mushrooms, a method of producing an inoculum using the medium support for inoculum, the inoculum, and the artificial cultivation of fruit bodies of mushrooms using the inoculum. About the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, artificial cultivation methods for edible mushrooms such as shiitake mushroom, enokitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, nameko and bunashimeji have been developed. Artificial cultivation methods are broadly classified into two types: raw wood artificial cultivation and fungal bed artificial cultivation.
This is a cultivation method that uses raw wood such as beech and black oak as a hoda tree.The latter uses sawdust or corn cob as a medium support for holding and maintaining water in the medium gap, and nutrients such as rice bran, wheat bran, corn bran, etc. This is a method using a solid culture medium in which a medium prepared by mixing materials is filled in a container such as a bottle, a bag, or a box. Conventionally, in artificial cultivation of mushrooms, particularly in fungal bed cultivation, first, vegetative mycelia of mushrooms are grown on an agar medium or a liquid medium, and the seeds are inoculated and grown on a medium using sawdust or corn cob as a medium support. Is produced, and the inoculum is inoculated into a cultivation medium, and the subsequent cultivation operation is performed to generate mushroom fruit bodies. Hereinafter, in the present specification, the inoculum using the medium support is referred to as a solid inoculum or simply an inoculum. As described above, in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, particularly in the case of fungal bed cultivation, seeds using a sawdust as a medium support are used, and it is thought that the influence of the seeds, especially the medium support of the seeds, on the cultivation is large. Little had been considered. on the other hand,
It is desired that the cultivated mushrooms have uniform quality, and in particular that the umbrellas have the same size. However, in the conventional cultivation of mushrooms, factors that affect the shape of the mushrooms, such as medium composition, cultivation temperature, the number of days of cultivation, etc., vary widely, so it is difficult to constantly uniform the size of the umbrella and make the quality uniform. Technology.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a medium support for a mushroom-species fungus, which makes it possible to easily obtain excellent and high-quality fruit bodies of mushrooms having uniform umbrella sizes. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a seed fungus using a body, and a method for artificially cultivating a mushroom seed obtained using the support, and a fruiting body of the mushroom using the seed.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In general, the first invention of the present invention relates to a culture medium support for a mushroom inoculation fungus, which comprises a medium support having a particle size passing through a 16-mesh sieve. -100% by dry weight. A second invention of the present invention relates to a method for producing a mushroom inoculum, characterized by using the culture medium support for mushroom inoculum of the first invention. The third invention of the present invention relates to an inoculum of the fungus, wherein 60 to 100% by dry weight of the medium support constituting the mushroom has a particle size passing through a 16-mesh sieve. A fourth invention of the present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating a mushroom fruit body, characterized by using the mushroom seed of the third invention.

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, and have found that mushroom seeds have a great effect on the uniformity of the size of the umbrella of mushrooms. As a result of further intensive studies on the mushroom inoculum under various conditions, it was found that the particle size of the culture medium used for the mushroom inoculum greatly affects the uniformity of the mushroom quality, especially the uniformity of the umbrella size. . That is, by using a culture medium support for mushroom inoculum containing 60 to 100% by dry weight of a culture medium support having a particle size that passes through a 16-mesh sieve, high-quality mushrooms whose umbrella sizes are easily uniform can be obtained. The inventors have found that the present invention can be obtained, and completed the present invention.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be specifically described below. The culture medium support for mushroom inoculum of the present invention contains 60 to 100% by dry weight of a culture medium support having a particle size passing through a 16-mesh sieve. It is sufficient that the medium support retains the medium gap in the mushroom bed culture of mushrooms and has a water retention capacity,
Sawdust, corn cob, cottonseed shell and the like. Sawdust may be of hardwood or coniferous,
Chip dust may be used. These medium supports may be used alone or in a combination of two or more. Materials other than those described above can also be used as long as they maintain the medium gap and have a water retention ability. In the present invention, the mesh is defined by a Tyler standard sieve.

Next, a method for producing a mushroom inoculum according to the present invention will be described using a bottle method as an example. Usually, a mushroom inoculum can be produced through the steps of medium preparation, bottle filling, sterilization, inoculation, and culture. Here, the medium preparation is a step of adding a medium support and nutrients, stirring, and adjusting the water content to produce a medium, and the nutrients to be used may be any as long as they are good for mycelial growth of mushrooms. Rice bran, wheat bran, corn bran, okara, and the like can be used. These nutrients may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. The ratio between the culture medium support and the nutrient material varies depending on the particle size, bulk specific gravity, or container used of the culture medium support and the nutrient material, but it is 0.5: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 1 by dry weight ratio. : 1
5: 1 is preferred. The medium contains a pH adjuster, a hyphal growth promoter,
Inorganic compounds can also be added as yield enhancers. The water content of the medium is 50-75%, preferably 60-70%
Is good.

[0008] The bottle filling is a step of filling the medium into a container. The medium is placed in a heat-resistant wide-mouth bottle having a capacity of 200 to 1200 ml, preferably 500 to 1000 ml.
It refers to the process of making a hole in the center and plugging. The amount of the medium to be put into the bottle varies depending on the capacity and shape of the bottle. For example, a polypropylene 850 cc bottle (Blowbin S-85)
0, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agricultural Co., Ltd.), the dry weight is 100 to 300 g, preferably 150 to 250 g.

[0009] Sterilization may be a step of killing all microorganisms in the medium, and usually 98 to 1 in normal pressure sterilization.
00 ° C, 4-12 hours, 101-125 in high pressure sterilization
C. for 30 to 90 minutes.

[0010] Inoculation is a step of inoculating the mycelia of mushrooms that have been grown in advance in a sterilized medium, and inoculating 5 to 50 ml of mycelia grown in a liquid medium. Alternatively, 5 to 50 ml of mycelia grown on a solid medium can be used.

[0011] The culturing is a process of growing mushroom mycelium. Usually, the inoculated culture medium is grown at 18 to 28 ° C and a humidity of 40 to 80%. This step is
Usually performed for 20 to 80 days.

Examples of the fungi that are suitable for the mushroom species of the present invention include Bunashimeji, Honshimeji, Enokitake, Oyster mushroom, Nameko, Maitake, and the like. These strains include isolates from wild fruit bodies, commercially available strains, Preserved strains of public institutions and the like can be used, and any strains that have fruiting body-forming ability and can be artificially cultivated, such as mutant strains, hybrid strains, and cell fusion strains of these strains, can be used in the present invention. In addition, mushrooms belonging to the genus Shirotamogi or Shimeji, such as Bunashimeji or Honshimeji, are often used for scraping bacteria that leave mushroom seeds during cultivation, and can be preferably used because the effect of the invention is high. Mushrooms that can be used are not limited to these mushrooms. The mushroom inoculum of the present invention can be cultured in a bottle, a bag, a box, or the like. However, in consideration of mechanization and operability, production using a bottle is preferable.

As described above, in the method for producing a mushroom inoculum,
Although the method using bins has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited only to the above method.

Next, the method for artificially cultivating the mushroom fruit body of the present invention may be any method for artificially cultivating the mushroom fruit body using a solid inoculum. With the cultivation method to be left as described above, yet it is sufficient if the method is an artificial cultivation method of a mushroom fruit body that can obtain most of the fruit body from the remaining inoculum portion, and a method such as bag, bottle, box cultivation can be used. it can.

Hereinafter, cultivation using bottles will be described as an example. Usually, the artificial cultivation method of mushroom fruit bodies by bottles comprises the steps of medium preparation, bottle filling, sterilization, inoculation, culture, and development. Here, the medium preparation is a process of adding a medium support and nutrients, stirring, and adjusting the water content to produce a medium.The nutrient materials used are those that are good for the mycelial growth of the mushrooms or the generation of fruiting bodies. If it is good, rice bran, wheat bran, corn bran, okara and the like can be used. These nutrients may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
To the medium, an inorganic compound may be added as a pH adjuster, a hyphal growth promoter, or a yield enhancer. The water content of the culture medium is 50 to 75%, preferably 60 to 70%.

The bottle filling is a step of filling the medium into a container. The medium is put into a heat-resistant wide-mouth bottle having a capacity of 200 to 1200 ml, preferably 500 to 1000 ml.
It refers to the process of making a hole in the center and plugging. The amount of the medium to be put into the bottle varies depending on the capacity and shape of the bottle. For example, a polypropylene 850 cc bottle (Blowbin S-85)
0, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agricultural Co., Ltd.), the dry weight is 100 to 300 g, preferably 150 to 250 g.

Sterilization may be a step of killing all microorganisms in the medium, and usually 98 to 1 in normal pressure sterilization.
00 ° C, 4-12 hours, 101-125 in high pressure sterilization
C. for 30 to 90 minutes.

Inoculation means that 5 to 5 solid seeds are added to the medium after sterilization.
This is the step of planting 0 ml. Culturing is a process of growing a mycelium of a mushroom to obtain a fruiting body generating group.
The inoculated culture medium is grown at 18-28 ° C and 40-80% humidity. This step usually takes 20 to 15
It takes place for 0 days.

The generation is a step of generating a fruiting body by setting a fruiting body generating group under conditions suitable for the fruiting body formation. Usually, in order to promote the fruiting body formation, bacteria scraping, water addition, humidification, light Irradiation is performed.

As described above, bin cultivation in the artificial cultivation method of mushroom fruit bodies has been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited only to the above method.

[0021]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Japanese cedar sawdust (Tsuchiya sawdust shop) having the particle size composition shown in Table 1 (88.8% passes through a 16-mesh sieve)
100 g (dry weight) and 90 g of rice bran are mixed well,
The water content adjusted to 64% was packed in a polypropylene 850 ml bottle (Blowbin S-850: manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agro-Timber Co., Ltd.), and a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was made downward from the center of the bottle mouth. It was stoppered. The seed medium was pasteurized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
Bunashimeji (FERM BP-1415) cultured with shaking in a Y liquid medium (glucose 2%, yeast extract 0.2%, polypeptone 0.2%, monopotassium phosphate 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%) for 14 days ) Was inoculated with 15 ml. This was cultured at 25 ° C. for 40 days to obtain a solid fungus of Bunashimeji.

[0023]

[Table 1]

Next, 70 g (dry weight) of softwood sawdust (manufactured by Karasawa Shoun Co., Ltd.), 30 g (dry weight) of hardwood sawdust (manufactured by Tomoe Bussan Co., Ltd.), 63 g of Koenuka, and wheat bran (manufactured by Maeda Sangyo Co., Ltd.) 26 g, 8 g of dried okara (manufactured by Kirizu Co., Ltd.) and 1.8 g of magnesium aluminate metasilicate (trade name Neusilin FH ₁ , manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were mixed well to adjust the water content to 64%. After packing in a polypropylene 850ml bottle (Blowbin S-850, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agro-Timber Co., Ltd.) and drilling a 1cm diameter hole downward from the center of the bottle opening,
It was stoppered with a cap. The medium was autoclaved at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes and inoculated with 20 ml of the aforementioned Bunashimeji solid inoculum. The culture medium is cultured for 30 days at 25 ° C.,
A cultured mycelium was obtained. The cultured mycelium was further cultured under the same conditions for 50 days to obtain a fruiting body generating group. 1 cm of the upper mycelium layer of the fruiting body was removed except for the central part (scraping), and 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb the water sufficiently. Excluding excess water, the temperature was kept at 15 ° C. and the humidity was 90% or more. The cells were cultured under the conditions for 10 days to form fruiting body primordia, and irradiated with light to continue culturing for 13 days to obtain fruiting bodies. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. As is clear from Table 2 and FIG. 1, many of the obtained fruit bodies had good umbrellas in uniform size and were of high quality.

[0025]

[Table 2]

Comparative Example 1 100 g (dry weight) of softwood sawdust (manufactured by Karasawa Shoun Co., Ltd.) having a particle size constitution shown in Table 3 (54.9% passes through a 16-mesh sieve) and 90 g of rice bran are well mixed. Then, the water content adjusted to 64% was filled in a polypropylene 850 ml bottle (Blowbin S-850, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agro-Timber Co., Ltd.), and a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was made downward from the center of the bottle mouth. And stoppered with a cap.
The seed culture medium was sterilized by high pressure at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
A PGY liquid medium (glucose 2%, yeast extract 0.1.
2%, polypeptone 0.2%, monopotassium phosphate 0.0
5 ml of Bunashimeji (FERMBP-1415) mycelium cultured with shaking for 14 days in 5%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%)
Inoculated. This was cultured at 25 ° C. for 40 days to obtain a solid fungus of Bunashimeji.

[0027]

[Table 3]

Next, 70 g (dry weight) of softwood sawdust (manufactured by Karasawa Trading Co., Ltd.), 30 g (dry weight) of hardwood sawdust (manufactured by Tomoe Bussan), 63 g of Koenuka, and wheat bran (manufactured by Maeda Sangyo Co., Ltd.) 26 g, 8 g of dried okara (manufactured by Kirizu Co., Ltd.) and 1.8 g of magnesium aluminate metasilicate (trade name Neusilin FH ₁ , manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were mixed well to adjust the water content to 64%. After packing in a polypropylene 850ml bottle (Blowbin S-850, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agro-Timber Co., Ltd.) and drilling a 1cm diameter hole downward from the center of the bottle opening,
It was stoppered with a cap. The medium was autoclaved at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes and inoculated with 20 ml of the solid fungus seed of Bunashimeji. The culture medium was cultured at 25 ° C. for 30 days to obtain a cultured mycelium. The cultured mycelium was further cultured under the same conditions for 50 days to obtain a fruiting body generating group. 1 cm of the upper mycelium layer of the fruiting body was removed except for the central part (scraping), and tap water 2
After adding 0 ml to allow sufficient water absorption, the excess water is removed, and the cells are cultured for 10 days at 15 ° C. and a humidity of 90% or more to form fruiting body primordia, and irradiated with light for further 13 days. To obtain a fruiting body. The results are shown in Table 4 and FIG.
As is evident from Table 4 and FIG. 2, the obtained fruiting bodies had poor umbrella size uniformity and were of considerably low quality.

[0029]

[Table 4]

[0030]

As described above, by cultivating fruit bodies of mushrooms using the inoculum using the culture medium support for mushroom inoculum of the present invention, the size of the umbrella is easily uniform.
It has become possible to obtain high quality mushroom fruit bodies.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing one example of a form of a mushroom (organism) obtained by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a photograph showing an example of a mushroom (organism) form obtained by a comparative example of the present invention.

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A culture medium support for mushrooms comprising 60 to 100% by dry weight of a culture medium having a particle size passing through a 16-mesh sieve. 2. The mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom is obtained by using a cultivation method in which at least a part of the inoculum is left at the time of generating operation, and obtaining most of fruiting bodies from the inoculated inoculum. Medium support for mushroom inoculum. 3. The culture medium support for mushroom inoculum according to claim 2, wherein the mushroom belongs to the genus Shirotamogitake or Shimeji. 4. The culture medium support for mushroom species according to claim 3, wherein the mushroom belonging to the genus Shirotamogitake or the genus Shimeji is Bunashimeji or Honshimeji. 5. The mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium support comprises at least one selected from sawdust, corn cob and cottonseed shell. Seed culture medium support. 6. A method for producing a mushroom inoculum, comprising using the medium support for inoculum according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. A mushroom inoculum having a particle size such that 60 to 100% by dry weight of the medium support constituting the medium is passed through a 16-mesh sieve. 8. The mushroom according to claim 7, wherein the mushroom is obtained by using a cultivation method that leaves at least a part of the inoculum at the time of the generating operation, and obtaining most of the fruiting bodies from the inoculated fungus. Mushroom inoculum. 9. The fungus according to claim 8, wherein the mushroom belongs to the genus Shirotamogitake or Shimeji. 10. The mushroom belonging to the genus Shirotamogitake or Shimeji, wherein the mushroom is Bunashimeji or Honshimeji.
The described mushroom inoculum. 11. A method for artificially cultivating a mushroom fruit body, comprising cultivating a fruit body using the mushroom inoculum according to any one of claims 7 to 10.