JP2000245260A - Cereal quality estimation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] It is desired that quality prediction at the time of harvesting during plant growth can be easily performed, and a device that saves labor for creating a prediction formula is desired. Further, even when the growth prediction curve is easily changed like wheat, it is desired to improve the accuracy of the growth prediction curve. At a predetermined time during the growing period of a cereal crop, light from the growing cereal leaves is irradiated with light, the absorbance related to the specific quality of the cereal, and the specific quality after the harvest of the cereal are used. Determine a quality conversion coefficient for estimating the specific quality of the cereal, and at a predetermined time during the actual growth, from the absorbance and the quality conversion coefficient related to the specific quality obtained from the cereal leaves, the quality of the cereals to be harvested in the future. presume.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for estimating the quality of cereals when they are harvested during growth before harvesting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For rice, prediction of the protein content of the final brown rice from the biological information of the rice before the harvest season has already been performed. For example, an example of predicting the protein content of brown rice from the nitrogen content of the leaf blade at the earliest stage (Ninth Nondestructive Measurement Symposium 1993.11, Kansai Chapter of the Japan Food Industry Association: Rice nutrition diagnosis by near infrared spectroscopy of fresh leaves) , Yamaguchi Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Processing Laboratory Keisuke Yoshimatsu). However, in this method, since the leaf blade is chemically analyzed in order to make a prediction formula, it is inevitable that it takes time to make a prediction formula. Also, when looking at the correlation between the blade of the same rice stem and the brown rice to be harvested, the blade is cut off for chemical analysis and used for analysis, so after analysis, the blade used for analysis is missing Because brown rice is harvested from the rice, it is unavoidable that the components produced by photosynthesis will be insufficient.
Making a prediction formula from the thus obtained leaf blade nitrogen content and the yield of brown rice is a factor that reduces accuracy.

[0003] Looking at an example relating to prediction of the protein content of wheat grains, an example of predicting the content of mature grain protein from the content of immature grain protein 30 days before harvest (The juornal of protein).
agriculture, victoria-May, 1963). This is to predict the protein content by chemical analysis of mature grains from the protein content of immature grains by chemical analysis.However, the work time required to create a prediction formula and the same wheat The deficiency that arises from using mature grains obtained from stems for analysis is a factor that reduces accuracy for the same reasons as rice. In addition, since wheat is a dry field, there is no damper mechanism that equalizes the weather, fertilization, etc. with water, unlike rice cultivation in paddy fields. Therefore, even under the condition that the weather conditions such as sunshine hours and integrated temperature and the amount of fertilizer applied are directly from the soil, even if biological information only for a certain period before harvesting can be obtained, the growth prediction curve is Can vary significantly. Therefore, it is very difficult to predict the protein content of mature grains as compared to rice.

[0004]

[0006] In order to accurately and quickly perform quality prediction at the time of harvest during plant growth, it is desirable that measurement and prediction be easy. Therefore, an apparatus that saves labor for creating a prediction formula is desired.
Further, even when the growth prediction curve is easily changed like wheat, it is desired to improve the accuracy of the growth prediction curve.

[0005]

According to the present invention, an absorbance related to a specific quality of a cereal obtained by irradiating growing cereal leaves with light at a predetermined time during a cereal crop growing period;
The specific quality of the cereal after harvest, and a quality conversion coefficient for estimating the specific quality of the cereal after harvest, and at a predetermined time during actual growth, the absorbance and the absorbance related to the specific quality obtained from cereal leaves. From the quality conversion factor, the quality of cereals harvested in the future was estimated. For this reason, since the absorbance is measured directly from the leaves of the plant that is being raised, the leaves are not damaged or cut off, and the leaves are not damaged, so that the growth until the subsequent harvest is not affected.

In addition, a second quality conversion coefficient is determined from the absorbance obtained at a plurality of predetermined times during the growing period and the specific quality after harvesting, and the absorbance obtained from the currently growing cereal leaf at the plurality of predetermined times is determined. The quality of cereals harvested in the future is estimated from the second quality conversion coefficient. For this reason, since the quality conversion coefficient can be determined in consideration of the absorbances obtained from the leaves of the plant at multiple times, the accuracy of the quality estimation of plants that are easily affected by the environment such as soil and weather is improved.

[0007] If the specific quality is defined as the amount of protein, it is possible to estimate the quality of most cereals. In rice, the amount of protein is related to taste and yield, and the higher the protein, the higher the yield. The taste deteriorates. On the other hand, it is clear that the taste is improved but the yield is reduced when the amount of protein is small, so that it is a reliable index for estimating the quality. Wheat, especially wheat, is known to have a high protein content that is highly correlated with gluten, and the quality of wheat can be estimated by knowing the protein content. In these measurements, the quality of the grain estimated based on different predetermined times is displayed together, so that the quality estimated at different predetermined times can be visually grasped. Differences in quality estimated at different times visually grasped can be viewed as the accuracy of quality estimation, and it is possible to know as an empirical value at which time a particular plant is measured and optimal.

[0008]

FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Thus, the grain will be described as wheat, and the quality will be exemplified by the protein content contained in the wheat grain. As the predetermined time of the growing wheat, for example, the wheat leaf 16 30 days before the harvest is irradiated with light of a specific wavelength by the absorbance measuring device 1, and the protein of the harvested wheat grain obtained by the chemical analysis 36. From the content rate, multiple regression analysis is performed by the personal computer 35 using the protein content rate as an objective variable and the absorbance as an explanatory variable.

That is,

## EQU1 ## Protein content N1 = F0 + X1.F1 + X2.
F2 + ... + Xn · Fn F0 to Fn: constant, X1 to Xn: absorbance of wheat leaves 30 days before harvest, N1: protein content of wheat grains after harvest By the absorbance X and the protein content N which is a chemical analysis value of the wheat grain after harvest corresponding to the leaf from which the absorbance was measured,

## EQU2 ## Protein content N1 = F0 + X11.F1 + X12.
F2 + ... + X1n.Fn Protein content N2 = F0 + X21.F1 + X22.F2 +
... + X2n Fn Protein content Nm = F0 + Xm1 F1 + Xm2 F2 +
.. + Xmn · Fn, and these are subjected to multiple regression analysis to obtain F0 to Fn.

## EQU00003 ## Protein content N = F0 + X1.F1 + X2.F2 +... + Xn.Fn + C (1) F0 to Fn: constant, X1 to Xn: absorbance of wheat leaf 30 days before harvest, C: correction value, N: harvest It is possible to estimate the protein content N of the wheat grain after the harvest by measuring the absorbance X of the leaves 30 days before the harvest of the currently growing wheat as the estimated value of the protein content of the wheat grain after the harvest. it can.

As described above, the measurement of the absorbance of wheat leaves 30 days before harvest during growing can be easily measured by a simple portable measuring device 1 equipped with a light source and a light receiving section. Also, since it is not necessary to cut off the leaves by the absorbance measurement, there is no influence on the subsequent growth of the plant. The chemical analysis of wheat grains after harvesting requires a certain amount of time for the chemical analysis itself, but the chemical analysis of wheat grains that grew healthy and were harvested without the external factor of leaf loss due to leaf blade measurement was performed. The reliability of the protein content of wheat grains obtained by chemical analysis is high. The quality conversion coefficient (hereinafter referred to as “calibration curve”) determined under such conditions is preferably determined for each field or each cultivar. When this calibration curve is stored in a storage unit described later of the absorbance measuring device 1, the absorbance measuring device 1
In the above, the calibration curve is switched to a field suitable for the field or the variety, the leaf blade absorbance is measured 30 days before the harvest, and the protein content of the wheat grain after the harvest can be estimated. The calibration curve may be created by measuring the absorbance of the plant leaves at that time from the 30 days before the harvest to the 40 days before the harvest.

[0011] Further, in the growth of wheat, the weather conditions such as daylight hours and integrated temperature and the amount of fertilizer greatly affect the growth, so that the change during the growth is large, and even if biological information for only one time before harvesting can be obtained, 30 days before harvest-40 days before harvest
Multiple absorbance measurements may be performed during the day. For example, assuming that the absorbance was obtained by performing two measurements, 40 days ago and 30 days ago,

## EQU4 ## Protein content N1 = F0 + X401.F401 + X402
・ F402 + ... + X40n ・ F40n + X301 ・ F301 + X302
· F302 + ... + X30n · F30n F0 to Fn: constant, X401 to X40n: absorbance of wheat leaves 40 days before harvest X301 to X30n: absorbance of wheat leaves 30 days before harvest N1: protein content of wheat grains after harvest If it is satisfied, a plurality of absorbances X30 obtained from leaves 30 days before harvest, a plurality of absorbances X40 obtained from leaves 40 days before harvest, and a chemical analysis of wheat grains after harvest corresponding to the leaves whose absorbance was measured. Depending on the value of the protein content N,

## EQU5 ## Protein content N1 = F0 + X4011 / F401 + X40
12 ・ F402 +… + X401n ・ F40n + X3011 ・ F301 +
X3012 · F302 + ... + X301n · F30n Protein content N2 = F0 + X4021 · F401 + X4022 · F40
2+… + X402n ・ F40n + X3021 ・ F301 + X3022 ・
F302 + ... + X302n · F30n Protein content Nm = F0 + X40m1 · F401 + X40m2 · F40
2+… + X40mn ・ F40n + X30m1 ・ F301 + X30m2 ・
F302 + ... + X30mn • F30n, and these are subjected to multiple regression analysis to obtain F0, F401 to F30.
When 40n and F301 to F30n are obtained,

## EQU6 ## Protein content N = F0 + X401.F401 + X402.F402 +... + X40n.F40n + X301.F301 + X302.F302 +... + X30n.F30n + C... (2) Absorbance of wheat leaves X301 to X30n: Absorbance of wheat leaves 30 days before harvest C: Corrected value
By measuring the absorbance X of the leaves one day before, the protein content N of the wheat grains after harvest can be estimated.
Here, two times, 40 days and 30 days ago, have been described as the predetermined time, but the predetermined time may be two or more times. The estimation accuracy can be further improved by appropriately increasing the number of times of the predetermined period to prepare a calibration curve so as not to be complicated, and measuring the absorbance of the leaves based on the calibration curve.

By storing, in the absorbance measuring device 1, either or both of the formulas (1) and (2), which are the calibration curves determined as described above, the calibration curve stored in the absorbance measuring device 1 is obtained. Depending on the explanatory variables used, for example, if the equation (1) is stored, the absorbance of the wheat leaves is measured 30 days before the harvest period, and the protein content, which is the quality of the wheat at the time of the harvest, can be found on the spot. The calculation is displayed. If the equation (2) is stored, the absorbance of the wheat leaves is measured twice 40 days before and 30 days before, and the measurement 30 days ago is the quality of the wheat at the time of harvest. The protein content is calculated and displayed. Therefore, the producer can confirm the quality of the product before harvesting and can present the quality to the buyer before harvesting. The buyer can confirm this quality and decide on a purchase before harvesting.

The method of determining the calibration curve has been described by taking a linear analysis as an example, but the method of determining the protein content has been described. However, the calibration curve can be determined by a non-linear analysis. A known chemometrics method may be used as a method for determining a calibration curve from a correlation between a chemical analysis value and an absorbance related thereto. In addition, although the quality is defined as the protein content, the amount of starch, the amount of water, potassium, or a sensory value item may be used as another cereal component amount as an element for determining the quality of the cereal, and the taste or flavor may be used as the quality item. . In particular, it is well known that the above-mentioned protein content is an important component value that determines the quality of wheat, and by using this as a quality item, the quality of wheat after harvesting before and after harvesting in wheat. Can be determined. In rice, the yield increases with an increase in the protein content, but the taste decreases.It is clear that the taste increases with a decrease in the protein content, but the yield decreases.In rice and wheat, the protein content is important. It is a component item.

As described above, in order to measure a plurality of absorbances, a wavelength corresponding to each of the measured absorbances is required.
In this wavelength region, it is preferable to use a plurality of wavelengths in the near infrared region or the visible light region.In order to generate the plurality of wavelengths, it is necessary to use a plurality of narrow band optical filters corresponding to the wavelengths, or at intervals of several nm. By using a diffraction grating method that can irradiate light or a sensor array method that devises the light receiving sensor side, it is possible to select an appropriate wavelength from multiple types of wavelengths without using a narrow band filter,
Multiple absorbances can be measured.

The reason that the predetermined time is set to 40 days before harvest or 30 days before harvest is that it is preferable that the quality can be estimated as early as possible before harvesting. There is a tendency for the leaf nitrogen level to stably and gradually decrease.
In view of the fact that there is less variation compared to the (ear manure) period, etc., it is most accurate to estimate the quality by measuring the absorbance of the blade at this time. Generally, the final time of fertilization of cereals, for example, rice is almost completely fertilized 40 days before harvest, and wheat is almost completely fertilized 90 days before harvest,
In other words, the time when the fertilization was completed and the leaf nitrogen content of the plant leaf was not directly affected by the fertilization and as soon as possible was selected as the estimation time. If the absorbance was measured and estimated between this time (30 days before harvest) and harvest, the estimation time would be too late, and the information that could be extracted from the field would be too long for the producers and buyers to judge. It will be.

An embodiment of the absorbance measuring device 1 suitable for the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 are side views in which main parts of the portable measuring device 1 are cut away. 2 and 3, the light source unit 2 is provided in the upper body 13.
And a photodiode (not shown) as a light amount detection device 11 provided below. Light source 2
Has a plurality of light emitting elements LEDs 3 and 4 having different wavelength peaks on the same circumference, and each of the LEDs 3 and 4 is provided with a narrow band filter having a different wavelength band. The wavelength band is preferably from 500 nm to 1100 nm,
From this wavelength band, narrow-band filters 14 and 15 of an arbitrary specific wavelength related to a component to be obtained are selected. Each L
Light emitted from the EDs 3 and 4 is transmitted to the narrow band filters 14 and 1.
5, the light becomes a light of a specific wavelength, and is incident on the diffuse reflection plate 5 which reflects the light. Also, each LED is connected to this diffuse reflection plate
The block 6 is formed so that the light beams 3 and 4 are incident at a substantially constant angle.

The light reflected by the diffuse reflection plate 5 enters a reflection light path 8 provided in the center of the block 6 and enters a diffusion transmission plate 10 provided on the radiation side 9 of the reflection light path 8. The diffuse reflection plate 10 is provided perpendicular to the optical axis of the reflection optical path 8 and is formed of a circular ground glass or milky white glass.
The diffuse transmission plate 10 may have a polished surface on either the radiation side 9 or the measurement leaf 16 side, or may have polished surfaces on both surfaces. The opening 7 and the reflection optical path 8 of the block 6 are preferably made of, for example, solid aluminum, and a matte finish may be applied to the inner surface of aluminum. However, the same effect can be easily achieved at low cost with a front coat.

In a space surrounded by the opening 7, the reflected light path 8 and the diffuse reflector 5, the light exits the reflected light path 8 while repeating reflection and diffusion, passes through the diffuse transmission plate 10, and passes through the measuring leaf 16. The light enters the light amount detection device 11. Light amount detection device 11
The ring-shaped spacer 12 is fixed so that the sample leaf 16 can be inserted between the plate and the diffusion transmission plate 10 at an interval.
Is fixed.

Further, an upper cover 13 is provided on the outer periphery of the upper part of the light amount detecting device 2 and an arm 17 extended from the upper cover 13 is
8 for pivoting. Further, a coil spring 19 is loosely fitted on a shaft 18 on which the upper lid 13 is supported, and acts so as to always push up the upper lid 13. That is, FIG.
As shown by, in the measurement, the measurement is made possible by inserting the measurement leaf 16 into the measurement place and pressing down the upper part of the upper lid 13. The timing of this measurement is determined by detecting that the press-down protrusion 20 provided below the upper cover 13 by pressing down the upper cover 13 presses down the microswitch 21 provided at the opposing position, thereby pressing down the upper cover 13. Light irradiation and light quantity measurement). Also,
The cover 12 made of a ring-shaped elastic body is
And cover 1 is depressed and cover 1 is depressed.
2 preferably has the effect of pressing and holding the sample leaf 16 to block external light.

Next, a block diagram of the absorbance measuring device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. Light source unit 2 and light amount detection device 1
The transmitted light amount of the sample leaf 16 detected by the measurement unit 1 is converted into an analog signal by the light amount detection device 11 and communicated to the analog board 22. Light source 2
Are provided with light emitting devices 23 for the LEDs 3 and 4. A / D conversion from analog to digital signal on analog board 22
Conversion or V / F conversion from voltage to frequency. The converted signal is input via an I / O board 24 to a CPU board 25 serving as an arithmetic and control unit. The I / O board 24 includes a liquid crystal display LCD 26 for displaying a measurement result, a calculation result or an operation instruction, an input unit 27 for performing an operation, and an RS232 for inputting and outputting data to and from an external device.
A connection port 28 of C and a switch 21 are provided.
The CPU board 25 and the I / O board 24 are connected so as to supply power from a power supply board 29. The printer 31 is connected to the CPU board 25 via the printer I / F board 30. CPU board 2
5 is a read-only memory (hereinafter referred to as "ROM")
33 and a read / write memory (hereinafter referred to as “RAM”) 34 are connected. The ROM 33 stores a plurality of calibration curves for each field or each cultivar in the form of the above formula (1) or formula (2). ROM33
Stored in the absorbance measuring device 1 are a series of programs for executing the calculation and display from the measurement of the absorbance for measuring the absorbance and calculating the quality such as the protein content.

Although the description has been made centering on measuring the transmitted light of the sample leaf 16, as shown in FIG. 6, an opening 94 is provided at the center of the diffuse reflection plate, and the opening 9 is provided at the opening side of the diffuse reflection plate 5.
A light shielding member 92 may be provided around the light source 4 so that the direct light of the light sources 3 and 4 does not enter, and a reflected light amount light receiving means 90 may be provided in accordance with the opening 94. The reflected light amount receiving means 90 is also connected to the analog board 22, and the light amount detecting device 1
In some cases, the amount of transmitted light and the amount of reflected light may be detected together with 1.

The operation of the thus-configured absorbance measuring device 1 will be described below. When the sample leaf 16 is inserted into the absorbance measuring device 1 and the upper lid 13 is pressed down, a signal of the switch 21 is communicated to the CPU board 25, and a signal is output from the CPU board 25 to the light emission control device 23 to output the light emission control device. A light emission signal is sent from 23 to the light source unit 2. As a result, the sample leaves 16 from the LEDs 3 and 4 in the light source unit 2
Are irradiated alternately toward. The light emitted from the LEDs 3 and 4 is converted into light having a specific wavelength in the near-infrared region and the visible light region by the narrow band filters 14 and 15. 11 so that the sample leaves 1 as much as the integrating sphere
6 is uniformly irradiated.

When the sample leaves 16 are irradiated with light, the transmitted light or the reflected light is converted by the light amount detection device 11 into an LED.
Light is received every 3 and 4, and the received light signal is transmitted to the analog board 22 for A / D conversion. Analog board 2
In step 2, A / D conversion is performed, and then input to the CPU board 25 via the I / O board 24. CPU board 2
In 5, the light transmittance or the absorbance is calculated from the transmitted light or the reflected light of the sample leaf 16,
The value is stored in the RAM 34.

The input unit 27 includes a power switch 27a for turning on the power of the absorbance measuring apparatus 1, a measurement switch 27b for enabling transmitted light measurement, a calibration curve (formula) stored in the ROM 33, and an absorbance or a light stored in the RAM 34. A readout switch 27c having a switching function of reading out transmitted light data, calculation results, sample numbers, etc., a timing setting switch 27d to 27f for setting a transmitted light measurement timing, and a selection switch 27h for selecting a displayed expression or value are provided. ing. The input unit 27 includes a quality estimation mode for measuring transmitted light in order to estimate quality after harvesting, and a calibration curve creation mode for measuring transmitted light in order to create a calibration curve. For example, the mode is entered by pressing the measurement switch once, and the mode for quality estimation is entered by pressing the measurement switch 27b for a fixed time (3 seconds). When this switch is pressed, the read switch 27c
The items such as the calibration curve (formula) stored in 3, the absorbance data and the calculation result stored in the RAM 34, and the sample number are displayed in a scroll form. The selection switch 27h selects the necessary data or formula by further scrolling the corresponding data item displayed by scrolling with the readout switch 27c using the right and left arrows 27h. When the read switch 27c is pressed again after the selection, the selected data or formula is displayed or set as necessary.

The liquid crystal display section 26 displays the measurement sample NO: R
O1, the number of samples: n = 100, the predetermined time indicating the measurement time: 30 days or 40 days ago, the protein content estimated corresponding to each predetermined time: 13.8p, and measured at the predetermined time It is possible to display the leaf blade nitrogen amount 4.3. Also, by displaying a value of 1 representing the equation of the currently used calibration curve, it is confirmed whether the equation of the used calibration curve is applied to the sample leaf 16. As for the predetermined time, since 35 days before the measurement time is provided in the input unit 27, a display of 35 days may be added in accordance with this. In the column of 40 days, the quality estimation value calculated based on the absorbance value obtained from the sample leaf 16 measured 40 days before the harvest is displayed, and in the column of 30 days, the harvest 3
The quality estimate calculated based on the absorbance value obtained from the sample leaf 16 measured 0 days ago may be displayed, or the quality estimate comprehensively calculated from the absorbance values 40 days ago and 30 days ago may be displayed. Good. As described above, an item of 35 days may be provided. If the number of samples is measured to create a calibration curve, the number of samples measured to create a calibration curve is displayed; if the measurement is performed to estimate quality, the number of samples measured to estimate quality is Just display the number.

Now, in the state where the calibration curve is not prepared, a plurality of sample absorbances 30 days before harvest, such as 1
The absorbance of the 00 sample is measured and stored in the RAM 34. The absorbance obtained as described above is processed to create a calibration curve according to FIG. That is, 30 days after the absorbance is measured, for example, wheat grains obtained by maturation of the plant of the sample leaf 16 whose absorbance is measured are subjected to chemical analysis 36 corresponding to each sample absorbance, and the respective protein content is measured. The protein content, which is the chemical analysis value obtained here, is input to the personal computer 35 from the keyboard, and the previously stored 100 sample absorbances are input to the personal computer 35 via the connection port 28 of the measuring device 1. From now on, a calibration curve is created by determining the constants by regression analysis by associating the protein content with the absorbance in the same manner as in formula (1) described above. The calibration curve created here is fed back to the ROM 33 of the absorbance measuring device 1 and stored.

Next, for the quality estimation, the absorbance of the sample leaf 16 which is 30 days before harvest is actually measured by the absorbance measuring device 1 and stored in the RAM 34, and the calibration curve stored in the ROM 33 of the absorbance measuring device 1 is used. , Equation (1)
By substituting the absorbance stored in M34, the protein content after harvest is calculated and displayed on the liquid crystal display 26, for example, at 13.8.
It is displayed as p. In addition, it is usual that a plurality of absorbances are stored for one sample. In this example, the absorbances are obtained for each of the light sources 3 and 4, and the sample numbers are assigned to the light sources 3 and 4 so that they are arranged in the same column. It is memorized. By providing more light sources and making the filters 14 and 15 interchangeable, the number of absorbances per sample can be increased. At this time, the calibration curve for calculating the leaf nitrogen amount is R
If stored in the OM 33, the amount of nitrogen in the leaf blade can be calculated based on the absorbance stored in the RAM 34, and the liquid crystal display 26 can simultaneously display, for example, 4.3 and the protein content.

The measurement of the absorbance of the sample leaf 16 was carried out at harvest 40.
The case of measuring twice before and 30 days before is as follows. In the state where the calibration curve has not been prepared, the absorbance of a plurality of samples, for example, 100 samples, is measured from one field or one cultivar 40 days before harvest, and stored in the RAM 34. As the growth process progresses, a plurality of sample absorbances 30 days before the harvest are measured in the same manner as 40 days before the harvest, and are stored in the RAM 34 correspondingly.
Absorbance was measured 30 days before harvest, and 30 days later, for example, wheat grains obtained by maturation of the plant of the sample leaf 16 whose absorbance was measured were subjected to chemical analysis 36 corresponding to each sample absorbance, and the respective protein content was measured. I do. The protein content, which is the chemical analysis value obtained here, is input to the personal computer 35 from a keyboard, and the previously stored 100 sample absorbances of 40 days and 30 days before are respectively transmitted to the personal computer 35 via the connection port 28 of the measuring device 1. Input to 35. From now on, a calibration curve is prepared by determining the constants by regression analysis by associating the protein content with the absorbance in the same manner as in formula (2) described above. The calibration curve created here is fed back to the ROM 33 of the absorbance measuring device 1 and stored.

For the quality estimation, the absorbance of the sample leaf 16 is measured by the absorbance measuring device 1 40 days before and 30 days before the harvest, which is currently growing, and stored in the RAM 34, and the calibration value stored in the ROM 33 of the absorbance measuring device 1. Line, equation (2)
Is substituted for the absorbance stored in the RAM 34, the protein content after harvest is calculated and displayed on the liquid crystal display 26 as, for example, 13.8p. The values determined here are not calculated by averaging the absorbance values 40 days before the harvest time and the absorbance values 30 days before the harvest time alone by calculating the protein content alone. As determined by the multiple regression analysis of the determination of the constants at the time of preparation, since the change in absorbance at the two periods was taken into account, the calibration curve corresponds to changes in growth due to environmental changes. .

At this time, the liquid crystal display 26 displays 30 days ago, 40 days ago.
In addition to providing an item such as a day before, the calibration curve is provided in the ROM 33 as a formula (3) as well as a calibration curve for the formula (1) for 30 days before and for the formula (2) for the 30 days and 40 days. In the liquid crystal display 26, the estimated value of the protein content when measured 40 days ago is displayed as 40 days ago,
Not only can the estimated value of the protein content measured at 30 days ago be displayed as 30 days before and written together, but also the changes in the protein content of the estimated value of 40 days alone and the estimated value of 30 days alone can be visually confirmed. it can. In addition, according to the formula (2), it is possible to comprehensively estimate the protein content at the time of harvest from both the absorbances before and after 30 days.

By the way, even when preparing a calibration curve or estimating the quality after harvesting, in order to measure the amount of transmitted light from the sample leaves 16, the sample leaves 16 are specified from the plant leaves that are being raised and measured. Non-destructive measurement by sandwiching the device 1
Since the measurement can be performed without damaging the sample leaf 16 and without removing the sample leaf from the piloerected plants, the growth of the subsequent plants is not affected, and the transmitted light amount obtained from the sample leaves and the transmitted light amount The correlation with the quality estimated from is maintained as it was when the calibration curve was created, and the quality can be accurately estimated.

[0032]

[Effects of the Invention] In preparing the calibration curve, the leaf blade information and the quality value after the harvest are obtained 30 to 40 days before the harvest in the same stem.
Since it can be obtained without putting a burden on the plant, it has become possible to create the calibration curve and estimate the quality with high accuracy both in the creation of the calibration curve and in the quality measurement after the creation of the calibration curve.

After the calibration curve is prepared, the measurement results can be confirmed on the spot, so that it is not only possible to quickly perform quality estimation by eliminating the trouble of chemical analysis and the like, but also that the value can be confirmed on the field. Information can be provided to third parties on site. If an output device is provided, the value can be provided to a third party. Therefore, the judgment accuracy of the purchaser is increased, the quality can be guaranteed on the producer side, and the purchaser can purchase with confidence.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for creating a calibration curve for estimating plant quality.

FIG. 2 is a side view in which a main part of the component measuring device of the present invention is broken.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a use mode of the component measuring device.

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a main part of the component measuring device.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of signal processing of the component measuring device.

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing another embodiment of a main part of the component measuring device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Component measuring device 2 Light source part 3 Light emitting element (LED) 4 Light emitting element (LED) 5 Diffuse reflection plate 6 Block 7 Opening 8 Reflection light path 9 Radiation side 10 Diffusion transmission plate 11 Light quantity detection device 12 Cover 13 Top cover 14 Filter Reference Signs List 15 filter 16 leaf 17 arm 18 axis 19 coil spring 20 push-down projection 21 switch 22 analog board 23 light emitting device 24 I / O board 25 CPU board 26 liquid crystal display LCD 27 keyboard 28 connection port 29 power supply board 30 I / F board 31 printer 32 Spacer 33 ROM 34 RAM 35 Personal computer 36 Chemical analysis

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Nobuhiko Nakamura, No. 2-30, Saijo Nishihonmachi, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture Inside Satake Works Co., Ltd. F-term in Satake Corporation (reference) 2G059 AA01 AA05 BB11 CC20 EE01 EE02 GG02 GG03 HH01 HH02 JJ02 JJ05 JJ26 KK02 KK04 MM09 MM10 PP04

Claims (8)

[Claims] At a predetermined time during a cereal crop growing period, a post-harvest is performed based on an absorbance relating to a specific quality of a cereal obtained by irradiating growing cereal leaves with light, and a specific quality of the cereal after the harvest. A quality conversion coefficient for estimating the specific quality of the cereal is determined, and at a predetermined time during the actual growth, the absorbance and the quality conversion coefficient related to the specific quality obtained from the cereal leaves, and the quality of the cereal to be harvested in the future And a method for estimating the quality of cereals. 2. A second quality conversion coefficient is determined from the absorbance obtained at a plurality of predetermined times during the growing period and the specific quality after harvesting, and the absorbance obtained from the currently growing cereal leaf at the plurality of predetermined times is determined. 2. The quality estimation method for cereals according to claim 1, wherein the quality of cereals to be harvested in the future is estimated from the second quality conversion coefficient. 3. The cereal quality estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the specific quality is protein content. 4. The grain quality estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the grain quality estimated based on different predetermined times is displayed together. 5. Light source means for irradiating cereal leaves with light; light receiving means for receiving at least one of transmitted light and reflected light obtained by irradiating growing leaf leaves with light from the light source means; Quality conversion for estimating the specific quality of the cereal after harvest, determined from the absorbance obtained by irradiating the growing cereal leaves with light and the specific quality of the cereal after harvest at a predetermined time during the crop growth period. Storage means for storing a coefficient; and, at a predetermined time during the actual growth, a calculation means for converting the amount of light received by the light receiving means from the cereal leaves into absorbance, and calculating the quality of the cereal from the absorbance and the quality conversion coefficient. And a display unit for visually displaying a calculation result by the calculation unit. 6. A storage means for storing a specific quality of a cereal after harvest, which is obtained from an absorbance obtained by irradiating cereal leaves with light at a plurality of predetermined times during growth and a specific quality of the cereal after harvest. The second quality conversion coefficient for estimating is stored, and at the plurality of predetermined times during the actual growing, the plurality of light reception amounts obtained from the cereal leaves by the light receiving means or the absorbances obtained by converting the light reception amounts are associated with each other. After the measurement of the received light amount at a plurality of predetermined times is completed, the quality of the cereal is calculated based on the stored absorbance or the absorbance obtained by converting the stored received light amount, and the second quality conversion coefficient. The grain quality estimation device according to claim 5, wherein 7. The grain quality estimating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the specific quality is a protein amount. 8. The grain quality estimating device according to claim 5, wherein the display means is capable of displaying the quality estimated based on different predetermined times together.