JP2000188979A - Liquid fertilizer supply / drainage management method and device used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] The liquid fertilizer required by a useful plant according to the production situation is mixed with the drainage at an appropriate time and in an appropriate amount to supply the liquid fertilizer. The purpose of the present invention is to promote the growth of plants and improve disease resistance, thereby increasing the yield and improving the quality. In a method for cultivating a useful plant, of liquid fertilizer supplied from sunrise to noon, unabsorbed effluent that has passed through a rhizosphere is collected, and the effluent is collected from noon to sunset.
A method for supplying liquid fertilizer, wherein the liquid fertilizer is mixed and cultivated at a rate of up to 95%.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for managing liquid supply of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and an apparatus used for the same, and more particularly to a method for managing liquid supply and drainage of liquid fertilizer cultivated while activating useful plants. Related to the device used.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, various methods of controlling supply and discharge of liquid fertilizer in hydroponics of useful plants have been proposed. There are two main types of liquid supply management: circulating hydroponics and non-circulating floating hydroponics.

[0003] Circulation-type hydroponic water is a method in which liquid fertilizer prepared in a culture solution preparation portion such as a tank or a tube is sent to a rhizosphere portion of a cultivation bed, returned to the culture solution preparation portion, and supplied to the rhizosphere portion again. is there. In the circulation type hydroponic culture, the culture solution is always present in the rhizosphere portion in the cultivation bed and the culture solution preparation portion in the tank or the tube, and does not go out of the system. The biggest feature is that you can use it.

[0004] However, as the culture medium is circulated, the components of the culture medium are consumed, resulting in a change in the concentration and composition suitable for growth. It must be prepared as needed. About one week after preparation, the composition is within the permissible range of the suitable component composition, so it can be dealt with only by controlling the concentration of the culture solution. However, if a large imbalance occurs in the component composition, the culture solution is removed from the system. The fact is that the medium is discharged out of the system and a culture solution is newly prepared.

[0005] Although the concentration required for normal growth can be easily adjusted by using an electric conductivity meter, the composition of components cannot be grasped by this method. In recirculating hydroponic culture, it is necessary to frequently analyze the composition of the culture solution because maintaining the component composition of the culture solution in the system in a suitable manner is the key to successful cultivation. Failure to do so will quickly reduce crop yield and quality.

Therefore, in order to know the composition of the culture solution, it is necessary to rely on a public organization such as an agricultural improvement extension station or a private analysis center, and it takes time and cost to obtain the analysis result. The reality is that the number of analyzes is kept low even at the expense of yield and quality.

[0007] A cultivation method devised to solve the above-mentioned problems is a floating hydroponic method. In the floating type water culture, liquid fertilizer prepared in a culture solution preparation part such as a tank or a tube is supplied to the rhizosphere portion of the bed, and then discharged out of the system without returning to the culture solution preparation portion. . Since the culture solution to the rhizosphere portion is newly prepared each time it is sent, the most characteristic feature is that a culture solution having a concentration and a component composition suitable for growth can always be supplied.

In the case of the flow-through type, since the culture solution within the allowable range can always be flowed, it is possible to prevent a decrease in yield and quality to some extent without increasing the number of analyzes as in the circulation type. However, since the culture solution that has passed through the rhizosphere of the bed is discharged to the outside of the system each time it is sent, the amount of water and fertilizer used is much larger than that of the recirculation type, and it contaminates groundwater and rivers, etc. Causes pollution.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to control supply and drainage of liquid fertilizer, which has never been known before. A new method and apparatus for use therein are provided.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. In a method for hydroponically cultivating a useful plant, a rhizosphere of liquid fertilizer supplied from sunrise to noon is used. A liquid fertilizer supply characterized by collecting the unabsorbed waste liquid that has passed through, and cultivating a part of the waste liquid mixed with a liquid fertilizer at a ratio of 20 to 95% from noon to sunset. And a method for managing drainage.

Thus, according to the present invention, a method for supplying a liquid fertilizer, which supplies a liquid fertilizer required by a useful plant according to a production situation and mixes the liquid fertilizer at an appropriate time with an appropriate amount of wastewater, is obtained. Specifically, the growth of useful plants is promoted, disease resistance is improved, and the yield and quality are improved.

Hereinafter, the components of the present invention will be described in more detail.

In the present invention, the “useful plant” is not particularly limited, and may be any useful plant. However, in general, the Agricultural University Dictionary (edited by Ykendo Publishing Agricultural University Dictionary Committee) 461 To 722 pages, and forestry trees and the like described in Japanese Forestry Tree Illustrations, Vol.

More specifically, for example, (1) Agricultural crops Food crops: rice, wheat, corn, soybean, sweet potato, potato

[0015] Horticultural crops: fruit trees, apples, pears, oysters, peaches, plums, grapes, loquats, Satsuma mandarins, vegetables, cucumber, watermelon, tomatoes, strawberries, flowers, 1-2 year herbs, morning glory, cosmos, iceland poppy aster, yellow sultan, Snapdragon, calendula, stock, pansy, sunflower, Benidium, dimorphoseca, safflower, white lace flower, cornflower, eustoma, rhododendron grasshopper, oriental orchid, gypsophila, carnation, gerbera, kikyo, chrysanthemum, stalk, starfish Peony, margaret, bulbous grass, lily, gladiolus, iris, anemone, color, narcissus, freesia, ranunculus, hyster tree , Daphnia, Senryo, Cycads, Camellia, Sazanca, Eucalyptus Greenhouse plants Orchid, Cyclamen

[0016] Craft crops: oil crops, rapeseed, sesame, sugar crops, sugar cane, sugar beet, fiber crops, cotton, asa starch crops, konjac, drug crops, peppermint, poppies, favorite crops, cherries, tobacco, hops, paper raw crops, kouzo, mitsumata, dye crops, perfume crops, geraniums Sap crop

Forage crops: Forage crops Orchardgrass, red clover, white clover Fertilizer tree Breadfruit, Nemoki Green manure crop Vetch, Ego palm

(2) Forestry trees: conifers Japanese cedar, hinoki, pine evergreen broad-leaved tree Aoki, Japanese deciduous broad-leaved tree Oak, beech, etc., preferably (1) agricultural crops, particularly preferably horticultural crops, more preferably vegetables and flowers Among them, flowers are preferable, and roses are particularly preferably used.

Further, the “hydroponics method” is not particularly limited, and any hydroponic method can be applied. In general, a solid culture method and a non-solid culture medium are used. The system is preferred.

Here, as the solid medium system, for example,
(A) Hydroponic system that supports roots with inorganic medium (1) Sand culture
(2) Gravel cultivation (3) Artificial aggregate cultivation (4) Charcoal cultivation (5) Urethane cultivation
(6) Rock wool cultivation (7) Perlite cultivation (8) Vermiculite cultivation, etc., and (B) hydroponic cultivation method (1) peat moss cultivation (2) bark cultivation, etc. Gravel tillage and rock wool tillage are preferred, and rock wool tillage is particularly preferred.

Further, as the non-solid medium, for example, (C)
Spray cultivation (air cultivation), in which liquid manure is sprayed directly on the roots in the form of mist, (D) Hydroponics in a narrow sense where roots are constantly or intermittently immersed in liquid fertilizer, and between (C) and (D) There is a method of hydroponics.

In the present invention, “liquid fertilizer” is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid fertilizer in which some or all of the necessary elements are dissolved in water when useful plants are hydroponically cultivated. Anything can be used.

As nutrients, for example, nitrogen, phosphoric acid,
Elements such as potash, lime, magnesia, sulfur, iron, borrow, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, copper, chlorine, silicon, cobalt, vanadium, aluminum, selenium, etc. were mixed in a well-balanced amount necessary for the growth of the crop. Things.

Specifically, the standard prescription for horticultural laboratories described on pages 40 to 41 of “Textbook of Hydroponic Cultivation”, edited by Mitsuo Takekawa, published by Tomin Kyokai on March 30, 1990. , Yamazaki prescription, Kanagawa garden prescription, Chiba agricultural prescription, Osaka Agricultural Technology Center prescription, Aichi agricultural total prescription, Shimura prescription, etc. Further, as a hydroponic fertilizer commercially available from a private company, for example, Otsuka Chemical A The prescription and the B prescription, Katakura Ticcarin, Taki Kagaku, Glaudan, and other manufacturers' prescriptions can be appropriately selected and used according to the cultivated crop, the growth stage, the cultivation time, and the like.

Further, the “rhizosphere” is not particularly defined, and generally is not particularly limited as long as it is a peripheral part where useful plant roots are extended. Is derived from the plant root itself and its surface, and the aqueous solution part close to the plant root, that is, the first appearing root (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “primary root”), and from the root, it grows one after another and grows In a root system formed from roots that have continued to grow (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “branched roots”), primary and primary roots,
It is a continuous aqueous solution part that fills the space between the primary root and the branch root, and also the branch root and the branch root.

In the present invention, the liquid supply rate (a / b) including the above liquid supply amount (a) per unit time and the resulting liquid discharge amount (b) is maintained at a specific value, and It is important to cultivate useful plants while mixing a part of the collected effluent obtained by the supply with an appropriate amount at the appropriate time.

Here, the “unit time” indicates a supply interval of the liquid fertilizer, and can be appropriately determined according to the type of useful plant to be cultivated, cultivation time, hydroponic cultivation method, weather, and the like. When the plant is a rose, the unit time is 0.5 to 4 hours, preferably 0.5 to 3 hours, and more preferably 0.8 to 2 hours.

The number of times of liquid fertilizer supply is not specifically defined, and may be determined as appropriate depending on the type of useful plant to be cultivated, cultivation time, hydroponic cultivation method, weather, and the like. In this case, the number is 3 to 20 times, preferably 4 to 15 times, and more preferably 5 to 10 times.

Further, “the amount of liquid supply (a) and the amount of drainage (b) are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined depending on the type of useful plant to be cultivated, cultivation time, hydroponic cultivation method, weather, and the like. However, for example, useful plants are roses, and the size of the rock wool mat used is 300 mm in width and 91 mm in length.
In the case of 0 mm, 75 mm in thickness, and 100 mm between strains, the amount of liquid supply per share (a) is 30 to 220 m1 / time.
The strain is preferably in the range of 50 to 170 ml / time, more preferably 60 to 100 ml / time.

On the other hand, the amount of drainage in the mat (b)
When (a) is 30 to 220 ml / time / strain, 5 to 1
38m1 / time / share, preferably 6 to 110m1 / time /
Strain, more preferably in the range of 9 to 88 m1 / time / strain, and when (a) is 50 to 170 m1 / time / strain,
8 to 106 m1 / time / strain, preferably 10 to 85 m1 /
And the strain is more preferably 15 to 68 m1 / times / strain, and (a) is 60 to 100 m1 / times / strain, and 10 to 63 m1 / times / strain, preferably 12 to 50.
m1 / time / strain, more preferably 18 to 40 ml / time / strain.

As a result, the “liquid supply rate (a / b)” is
1.6-6, preferably 2-5, more preferably 2.5
~ 3.3.

The recovered drainage obtained by supplying the liquid indicates a liquid that has passed through the rhizosphere obtained by maintaining the above-mentioned specific liquid supply rate (a / b). It is not limited. The liquid that has passed through the rhizosphere may be used immediately, but it is best to store it temporarily in a container for collecting and storing the waste liquid and use it appropriately in view of the mixing amount and timing.

The effect on the growth rate, yield and quality of the useful plant differs depending on the amount of the mixture. With an appropriate mixing ratio, the growth rate of useful plants can be maintained high, and the yield and quality can be improved. In general, the ratio of drainage to be supplied is 20 to 95%, preferably 30 to 8%.
It is desirable that the components be mixed so as to be 0%, more preferably 50 to 80%.

The effect on the growth rate, yield and quality of useful plants also depends on the timing of mixing the collected effluents. At the right time, even if most of the effluent is supplied to the feed, that is, even if the effluent accounts for 95% of the effluent, the growth rate of the useful plant can be increased for a long time. Can be kept high and increase yield and quality. The timing to maintain the growth rate of useful plants at a high level and improve the yield and quality should be from noon to one hour before sunset, but preferably from 2:00 pm to one hour before sunset. .

Next, the apparatus will be described, but is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined depending on the type of useful plant to be cultivated, cultivation time, hydroponic cultivation method, and the like.

As a device for measuring a liquid supply amount, a liquid discharge amount, and a mixing ratio of the liquid to be recycled, a liquid supply pump and a liquid level sensor can be used.

In the former example, tube pumps, glass plunger pumps, roller pumps, glass cylinder pumps, sealless glass pumps, diaphragm pumps, bellows pumps, plunger pumps, As the metering pump, generally, a turbo pump (a spiral pump, an axial flow pump, a mixed flow pump) and a positive displacement pump (a reciprocating pump, a rotary pump) can be cited. Specific examples include a magnet pump and a submersible pump. There are pumps.

In addition, examples of the latter include an electrode type, a float type (resistance type), an ultrasonic type, a capacitance type liquid level sensor and a microwave type liquid level sensor. Among these pumps, a diaphragm pump and a bellows pump of a fixed-quantity pump are preferred because of their high accuracy and practicality, and a float pump among liquid level sensors.
The (resistance type) and the ultrasonic type are preferable because they have high accuracy and practicality.

In order to mix and reuse the liquid as a part of the liquid supply in a timely manner with these measuring devices, it is also possible to use a combination of a timer and a flow meter. However, the purpose can be easily and efficiently achieved by combining these devices with a relay / sequencer.

In the present invention, in order to carry out the above-described cultivation method, it is desirable that the wastewater used for the cultivation bed is used as a wastewater recycling device described later.

The wastewater recycling device according to the present invention mixes the liquid passed through the rhizosphere obtained by maintaining the above-mentioned specific liquid supply rate (a / b) with a new liquid fertilizer at an appropriate timing. This is a liquid fertilizer supply device that can be reused. The configuration will be described below.

The hydraulic pressure of the liquid fertilizer in the pipe or tube is kept constant by the use of the pump, the roof tank, etc., and the liquid fertilizer is approximately 0.5 to 2.0 kg / cm ^2, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 kg / cm ^2.
1.0 kg / cm ^2, still more preferably held in 0.5~0.7kg / cm ^2.

Next, the liquid manure is ejected from the liquid manure injection nozzle 10. Here, the “injection nozzle 10” is not particularly limited as long as the liquid fertilizer is a nozzle that ejects the liquid fertilizer into a water column 11 such as a thread, a slit, or a bar. In general, the major diameter or diameter of the injection nozzle is 0.1 to 3.0 m /
m, preferably 0.2 to 2.5 m / m, and the major axis or diameter of the water column 11 ejected from this nozzle is 0.1 to 0.3.
It is desirably adjusted to be 0 m / m, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 m / m.

Further, the interval between the injection nozzles is not particularly limited, and may be any interval, but is preferably adjusted to be 5 to 20 cm, more preferably 7 to 10 cm. These injection nozzles may be installed on the irrigation tube 5 for injecting liquid fertilizer or a tube for supplying liquid fertilizer.

Further, the “obstacle” in the present invention is a substance that reflects and reflects the liquid manure ejected from the ejection nozzle 10, and its material and shape are not particularly limited. In general, the material is an inorganic substance or an organic substance.

Examples of the inorganic substance include stone, sand, glass, metal, and the like, and among them, stone and sand are preferable.

Examples of the organic substance include plastics and rubber, and plastics is effective.

The plastics include, for example, vinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), and fluorine-containing resins. Among them, PVC, PE, PP, and fluorine-containing resins are preferable. Particularly, PVC and PE are preferable.

The shape of the obstacle includes, for example, a plate and a film-like material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “liquid fertilizer reflector”), a lump, a spongy material, and the like, and among them, the liquid fertilizer reflector is preferable.

Further, the “liquid fertilizer reflector 1” in the present invention
(Hereinafter, it may be referred to as a "reflecting plate") refers to a material having a function of impacting and reflecting the ejected liquid manure, specifically,
The material is not particularly limited as long as it is a plate and a film-shaped or lump-shaped material. Examples of the material include plastics, glass, metal, wood, sand, and stone lump. Among them, plastics and metal are preferable. used. In addition, those plate-like objects and those in which a lump is provided on the film surface are also effectively used.

The plastics include, for example, vinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), and fluorine-containing resins. Among them, PVC, PE, PP, and fluorine-containing resins are preferable. Particularly, PVC and PE are preferable.

It is preferable that these reflectors are installed in consideration of the surface shape and the installation angle so that fine droplet particles are formed after the liquid fertilizer collides.

Although the surface of the reflector 1 may be smooth, the liquid fertilizer can be further reduced to fine particles by processing the surface into a groove or an uneven shape having a depth of 0.01 to 5 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1 mm. can do.

The distance (A) between the injection nozzle 10 and the reflection plate 1 is not particularly limited, and is adjusted so that the liquid fertilizer collides with the reflection plate and the liquid fertilizer becomes as fine as possible droplet particles. If it is not particularly limited, it is generally 0.5 to 50 cm, preferably 1 to 30 c
m, more preferably 5 to 20 cm, particularly preferably 7 to
10 cm.

The distance (B) from the reflector 1 to the rhizosphere is not particularly limited, but the liquid fertilizer that collides with the reflector does not concentrate its components and falls to the rhizosphere. It is desirable that the staying time is as long as possible, but in consideration of the space of the equipment, workability of cultivation, maintenance management of the equipment, etc., 3 to 100 cm, preferably 5 to 50 cm.
m, more preferably 7-30 cm, particularly preferably 10 cm
~ 15 cm.

Further, the angle of the liquid manure ejected from the ejection nozzle 10 into the string or rod-shaped water column 11 with respect to the reflector is not particularly limited, and may be any angle, but is preferably 1 to 90 degrees, and more preferably 1 to 90 degrees. 30-90
Degrees, particularly preferably 60 to 90 degrees.

A tank for temporarily storing wastewater for recycling wastewater (hereinafter simply referred to as “storage tank”)
) Is not particularly limited as long as it can store the drainage fluid flowing through the cultivation bed. For example, at a planting density of 150 tsubos and a planting density of 19.3 shares / tsubo, a supply amount of 0.08 to 0.13 liters / share / time is given, and when all of them are collected as drainage liquid, it is 232 to 380 liters. . 1. If liquid is supplied about 6 times a day,
You only need to prepare a 5-ton tank. However, in practice, if the amount of liquid supply is adjusted to achieve a target liquid supply rate, the capacity of the storage tank can be reduced.

Next, when the drainage of the storage tank is mixed with a new liquid fertilizer at a constant rate, the above-described liquid feed pump and liquid level sensor can be used. For example, when the device for measuring the liquid amount is a float type (resistance type), the liquid level of the float floating on the liquid surface is changed to an electric signal of 4 to 20 mA to measure the liquid amount, or when the electrode type is used, the length is measured. Prepare several types of electrode rods of different lengths, send a signal when one specific electrode rod comes in contact with the liquid surface, and send a signal when another electrode rod leaves the liquid surface, The liquid volume is measured from the on / off electric signal and the number of times of the separation. If a timer and a liquid feed pump are combined on top of it, it is possible to mix the drainage from the storage tank with new liquid fertilizer easily and with good timing.

According to the wastewater recycling apparatus obtained as described above, the liquid fertilizer required by the useful plant according to the production situation is mixed with the wastewater at an appropriate time and supplied in an appropriate amount. A method for controlling the supply and drainage of liquid fertilizer is obtained, and as a result, the growth of useful plants is promoted, disease resistance is improved, and the yield and quality are improved.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples. However, it is needless to say that the present invention should not be limited to the examples. Examples 1-4, Comparative Example 1

A cultivation apparatus having a bed structure shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 was prepared. First, the main part of the bet will be briefly described. The number “1” is a liquid fertilizer reflector (hereinafter simply referred to as “reflector”), which is installed right above the rock wool mat (hereinafter simply referred to as “RW mat”) “3” and the injection tube “5”. Distance between "1" and injection tube "5" is 10cm
Secured. Injection tube (tube pressure, about 0.6k
g / cm ² ) A water column (0.3 mm in diameter) that vigorously extends straight from “5” hits the reflector “1” violently, and then generates fine fog in this space.

The number “4” is a stand for the RW mat,
It has two groove-like structures along the ridge direction so that the liquid that has passed through the RW mat can be discharged and the outside air can enter and exit. The nonwoven fabric “8” wraps the sides and bottom of the RW mat as shown in FIG. 3, allows air and water to pass freely, and enables the supply of oxygen to the RW mat “3”. In order to prevent the RW mat "3" from being excessively dried, a relatively thick polyester nonwoven fabric is used (thickness: about 0.3 mm).

The number “9” is a thick cover film (thickness: about 0.3 mm) that does not allow water and light to pass through, and not only keeps the light shielding and temperature of the RW mat “3” but also as shown in FIG. In addition, by laying this film along two groove-like structures in the ridge direction of the gantry “4”, the film plays a role of allowing the drainage to flow smoothly. RW mat "3"
At both ends of the upper surface of the, two spray tubes "5" forming a water column having a diameter of about 0.3 mm are installed.

The liquid supply amount, liquid supply time, liquid supply frequency and liquid supply rate (liquid supply amount a / liquid discharge amount b) were performed under substantially the same conditions in the examples and the comparative examples, and were as shown in FIG. is there. The liquid is supplied at the time indicated by the thick arrow (↑), and after 30 minutes, the drainage is selected, and it is determined whether or not to perform the auxiliary liquid supply with the aim of the target liquid supply rate, and the target liquid supply rate (target a / b) Value). In order to determine the amount of liquid supply, the auxiliary liquid supply amount and the liquid supply amount at the next time were predicted from the value of the liquid drainage amount, and liquid supply was performed while calculating the liquid supply amount from simulation by a personal computer. .

In order to measure the amount of drainage, the drainage from the drainage tank 12 at the end of the bed having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was collected in one drainage measurement tank through a PVC pipe.

The water level sensor used was a float type (resistance type) liquid level meter LE100S made by Norken, and the liquid amount was measured by combining a converter unit LU1000 made by Norken with a recorder model 436002 made by Yokogawa Electric Corporation.

The drainage collected in the drainage measurement tank is measured in the drainage amount, and then collected in a separate drainage storage tank. According to the “amount (%) of the liquid to be mixed”, “time to mix (timing)” and “number of times to mix (cycle)”,
The liquid was fed to a liquid fertilizer mixing tank for liquid supply. Liquid sending was performed by combining a 24-hour timer and a liquid sending pump.

The cultivation of roses was performed according to a conventional method. In each device, plant 200 rose seedlings (variety, Royal Dutch) of pot raising seedlings,
Cultivation management was carried out according to a conventional method. After planting, in each of the test plots, the generated shoots were pinched three times in total by combining soft pinch and hard pinch until the start of harvesting. Then, flowers were collected, and the number of flowers collected for 100 days was counted as the number per plant.

One month after planting, the electric conductivity of the liquid manure (hereinafter simply referred to as EC concentration) is 0.8 mS / cm,
Thereafter, for two months, the EC concentration was gradually increased according to the growth, and was controlled at about 1.5 mS / cm. Thereafter, the EC concentration in the rock wool bet (hereinafter referred to as RW bet) is set to about 2.
At around 0 mS / cm, the pH was controlled to be maintained at about 6.5.

The composition of the liquid fertilizer used is as follows, and has a predetermined concentration (EC concentration of 0.8 to 1.5 mS / cm)
And diluted with tap water. Content per 100 liters: calcium nitrate: 90.0 g; ammonium nitrate: 8.4 g; potassium nitrate: 33.0 g; potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 23.0 g; potassium sulfate: 8.7 g; magnesium sulfate: 24.0 g; Manganese: 0.08
g; zinc sulfate: 0.1 g; boric acid: 0.2 g; copper sulfate:
0.2 g; sodium molybdate: 0.01 g; chelated iron: 1.0 g.

In this way, cultivation and harvesting were repeated by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus from early spring to winter of the following year, and the number of flowers collected per test for 100 days was counted as the number per plant.

The liquid supply was managed under the conditions shown in Table 1. A part of the effluent collected in the storage tank was mixed with the newly prepared solution at a ratio of 1: 1 and used as a liquid fertilizer for liquid supply management (the ratio of the effluent to the amount of liquid supplied: 50%). 9 o'clock of liquid
It was supplied at 14:00. The cultivation was performed under the condition that the drainage of the storage tank was mixed with a newly prepared solution once every one to two days. Table 2 shows the results of flowering from March 10 to June 18 as an example.

As shown in Table 2, there were significant differences in the number of flowers, the number of days of flowering, and the length of branches depending on the timing of supplying the mixed solution. In the test plot where the timing was selected from 13:00 to 14:00, a larger amount of high-quality branches could be harvested rather than the comparative example in which the wastewater was not mixed. Also, the shortening of the flowering period must mean that the growth rate was increased by mixing the wastewater.

[0074]

[Table 1]

[0075]

[Table 2]

Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example 2 Liquid supply was controlled under the conditions shown in Table 3. A portion of the effluent collected in the storage tank was added to freshly prepared solution 1: 1 and 1:
And mixed as a liquid fertilizer for liquid supply (the ratio of drainage to liquid supply: 50% and 8%, respectively).
0%), and the solution was fed from 13:00 to 15:00. In addition, the number of times of mixing with a newly prepared solution
Cultivation was carried out once every three days. Other cultivation methods and evaluation methods are exactly the same as in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.

Table 4 shows the results of flowering from June 24 to October 2 as an example. As shown in Table 4,
When the timing of supplying the mixed liquid is selected in the afternoon, when the ratio of the drainage to the supply amount is increased from 50% to 80%, the number of flowers, the length of flower branches and the number of days of flowering are not affected at all, Rather, they tended to enhance the quality of the branches.

[0078]

[Table 3]

[0079]

[Table 4]

Examples 9 to 13 and Comparative Example 3 Liquid supply was managed under the conditions shown in Table 5. A part of the effluent collected in the storage tank was mixed with the newly prepared solution at a ratio of 1: 4, and this was used as a liquid fertilizer for liquid supply (the ratio of the effluent to the amount of liquid supplied: 80%). Was supplied from 13:00 to 17:00. The cultivation was carried out under conditions that the number of times of mixing with the newly prepared solution was once to three times a day, and three times a day several days apart. Other cultivation methods and evaluation methods are exactly the same as in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.

Table 6 shows an example from October 8 to January 1
The results of flowering up to 6 days are shown. As shown in Table 6,
Increasing the number of times the mixture is fed tends to increase the yield and the quality of the branches, and some biologically active substances that increase the growth of useful plants may be produced in the effluent from the rhizosphere or rhizosphere microorganisms. Showed strange results.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the device once collides the solution with the reflector 1 and indirectly applies the solution formed thereby to the rhizosphere support. In addition, a drain groove is provided below the lower surface of the rhizosphere support so that the drain liquid can be collected and replaced with air. Compared to a device having a different cultivation bed structure from the device, for example, by a watering or drip method, and having no drainage channel on the lower surface lower part of the rhizosphere support, the number of surviving rhizosphere microorganisms in the device is lower than that of the device. 100-1000 times higher. Approx. 10 ⁴ / ml
there were.

[0083]

[Table 5]

[0084]

[Table 6]

[0085]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing the entire hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing a bed structure in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing a bed structure in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an auxiliary liquid supply and a liquid supply time with respect to a target a / b value.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing A and B.

[0086]

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 liquid fertilizer reflector 2 pot 3 rock wool mat 4 rock wool bed table 5 spray tube 6 ventilation window 7 drain pipe 8 nonwoven fabric 9 cover film 10 spray nozzle 11 water column 12 drain tank

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for cultivating a useful plant, comprising collecting unabsorbed wastewater having passed through a rhizosphere from liquid fertilizer supplied from sunrise to noon, and collecting the wastewater from noon to sunset. A method for supplying liquid fertilizer, which comprises cultivating a part of the liquid fertilizer mixed with liquid fertilizer. 2. The ratio of said drainage to feed liquid fertilizer is 20 to
The method for supplying liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, which is 95%. 3. The ratio of said drainage to feed liquid fertilizer is 30 to 30%.
The method for supplying liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, which is 80%. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the drainage to the liquid fertilizer is 50 to 50%.
The method for supplying liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, which is 80%. 5. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus for a useful plant, wherein at least a container for collecting and storing unabsorbed effluent that has passed through the rhizosphere, and supplying the effluent to a liquid fertilizer between noon and sunset. An apparatus for controlling the mixing amount so as to be 20 to 95% of the waste liquid. 6. An apparatus for controlling a mixing amount, comprising:
6. The drainage recycling apparatus according to claim 5, comprising a liquid level sensor and a timer.