JP2000000033A - Green house for horticultural cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a green house for horticultural cultivation suppressing the generation of disease, having perfect insect proofing effect, capable of harvesting crops having a stable and excellent quality even in scorching summer heat, having an excellent working circumstance for worker, by including a specific roof part. SOLUTION: This green house for horticultural cultivation which is formed by stretching a perforated sheet on a structural material as pedestals, has the roof part comprising a perforated sheet and the roof part comprising an extensible non-porous sheet. In this case, the roof part comprising the non-porous sheet is preferably mounted under the roof part comprising the perforated sheet, and having a wall part comprising the extensible non-porous sheet and this wall is more preferably mounted inside of the wall part comprising the perforated sheet.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a horticultural cultivation house.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Structural materials (including pipe-shaped ones) such as wood, bamboo, and iron are used as pillars, and a frame formed by combining these is used as a polyolefin resin such as vinyl chloride resin or polyethylene, or ethylene-acetic acid. A horticultural cultivation house in which a non-perforated sheet made of a vinyl resin and having a high light transmittance is spread (a horticultural cultivation house in FIG.
(B) shows a model diagram of the cross section. Note that such a house according to the prior art is hereinafter referred to as "vinyl house".
Is widely used.

[0003] A vinyl house has a high heat-retaining effect, enables forcing cultivation of crops, and a roof made of a non-porous sheet also serves as a shelter. It also has a defrosting effect and can prevent the invasion of pests into the interior, which is useful for the annual supply of vegetables and flowers. However, the temperature inside such a house becomes extremely high after spring.

[0004] In the case of ordinary crops, when the temperature is 35 ° C or more, the efficiency of photosynthesis becomes low, and in cucumber and the like, so-called “dead flowers”, the yield is remarkably reduced. Fruit rate decreases. In particular, in the future where the temperature is expected to increase year by year due to various kinds of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, these problems may be further enlarged.

In such a house, it is possible to take measures such as shifting the overlapped portion of the sheet of the wall to ventilate in order to lower the internal temperature, but such a measure cannot be applied to the roof. For example, an environment in which the temperature exceeds 42 ° C. near the roof. For this reason, the above measures have no effect on plants with a high plant height. In addition, such an environment is also inferior for producers who harvest in horticultural cultivation houses, and especially as a result of the aging of workers due to the declining birthrate, health and safety issues have been raised. Or a significant decrease in production motivation.

[0006] When the above ventilation is performed, side effects that cannot be overlooked such as the insect repellent effect of the horticultural cultivation house are lost. Here, there are problems that recent pesticides such as Japanese moth have increased drug resistance, and new pesticides from foreign countries cannot be effectively solved by pesticides, such as Japanese pesticides do not work effectively. In addition, there is a problem of danger to workers in the operation of spraying pesticides in a house with poor ventilation and high temperature, and the subsequent farming work.

[0007] As a result of the use of fertilizers in a horticultural cultivation house, nitrogen-containing substances and salts accumulate in the internal soil, and irrigation is also artificial. As a result, they remain unsuitable for plant growth or cause disease.

On the other hand, instead of the non-porous sheet, a horticultural cultivation house in which a perforated sheet is stretched (a horticultural cultivation house is shown in FIG. 9 (a), and a cross-sectional model diagram is shown in FIG. 9 (b)). Is used in hot regions such as Okinawa.

A horticultural cultivation house in which such perforated sheets are extended has a roof portion made of perforated sheets, which alleviates sunshine, and has a ventilation effect for preventing cultivation of high-temperature obstacles. This is a horticultural cultivation house that allows for pests to be prevented by optimizing the porosity and pore size. Furthermore, there are many advantages such as the availability of rainwater, but it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of illness due to long rain, and in cold regions etc., it causes insufficient sunshine and low-temperature damage, so use in high temperature regions such as Okinawa as described above Was limited to

In general, freshness of vegetables and other crops that require freshness is significantly reduced when harvested in the rain, but in a horticultural cultivation house in which a perforated sheet is spread as described above. It cannot handle such crops.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the conventional horticultural cultivation house. That is, the present invention suppresses the occurrence of illness in a cold region or a high-temperature region, and completes the insect repellent effect. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an excellent horticultural cultivation house that enables stable and excellent quality harvesting even in extremely hot weather and that has high worker comfort.

[0012]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a horticultural cultivation house for solving the above-mentioned problems.
A horticultural cultivation house in which a structural material is used as a support and a perforated sheet is stretched on the porch, and a horticultural cultivation house having a roof portion made of a perforated sheet and a roof portion made of a non-porous sheet that can be expanded. It is.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, a horticultural cultivation house in which a perforated sheet is stretched on a support is required. With this configuration, it is possible to soften the sunshine in the extremely hot season, and to uniformly supply the plant to be cultivated by the scattering effect. The perforated sheet can remarkably cut the ultraviolet light that impairs the plant to be cultivated without unnecessarily reducing visible light that contributes to photosynthesis.

In addition, the above configuration enables sufficient ventilation, and prevents the temperature in the house from increasing. For this reason, it is possible to prevent high-temperature damage to the plant to be cultivated or adverse effects on workers in the house. At the same time, rainwater can be directly introduced into the house. Therefore, the labor of irrigation can be largely saved, the accumulation of harmful substances on the soil surface in the house can be prevented, the vitality of the root of the plant to be cultivated can be improved, and the occurrence of obstacles and diseases can be prevented. .
At the same time, raindrops during heavy precipitation can be reduced, and adverse effects on cultivated plants can be prevented. Furthermore, by optimizing the hole diameter of the perforated sheet, it becomes possible to prevent the invasion of pests such as Japanese moth. Further, it is possible to prevent an adverse effect of the strong wind on the plant to be cultivated.

In general, the diameter of the hole is 0.1
mm or more, the area of the hole is 1.0 mm ^TwoWith ventilation holes
A sufficient effect can be obtained by using a perforated sheet.
If the hole area is too small, raindrops can pass
The effect of the present invention may not be obtained.
Product is 0.16mm^TwoIt is desirable that this is the case.

As such a perforated sheet, Japanese Patent No.
There is known a structure obtained by impregnating a fibrous structure with a resin according to 566712 or the like. This perforated sheet has a lower melting point than the thread and adheres a transparent synthetic resin such as vinyl chloride having high-frequency fusion property to a mesh sheet constituted by a thread made of a transparent synthetic fiber such as polyester, It is a breathable horticultural covering material in which ventilation holes having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more and having a hole area in a specific range are formed in a mesh shape.

This perforated sheet is excellent in strength and durability,
It cuts ultraviolet rays and supplies uniform light to the plant to be cultivated by the light scattering effect, and is generally available. As the perforated sheet, a colorless sheet is usually used, but a colored sheet can be used as necessary depending on the intensity of sunshine, the type of plant to be cultivated, and the like.

The horticultural cultivation house of the present invention has a roof made of a non-porous sheet that can be contracted, in addition to a roof made of a perforated sheet. With such a configuration, it is possible to adjust the intrusion of rainwater into the house during a long rain, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of disease. Note that when the temperature is high such as sunny weather after spring, the roof made of the non-porous sheet is reduced so that the inside of the house has a temperature suitable for the plant to be cultivated.

Furthermore, in a conventional horticultural cultivation house as shown in FIG. 8 in a strong wind, the house itself was prevented from being destroyed by removing the non-porous sheet by means such as tearing. By shrinking the non-perforated sheet, it is possible to easily prevent the destruction of the house itself, and at the same time, prevent the perforated sheet itself from being torn. Can be reduced, and it can also contribute to improving environmental problems.

In the present invention, the contraction of the sheet can be carried out by tapping and stretching the sheet itself in a pleated manner. However, the sheet can be contracted without being damaged by manual or electric winding. Can be exhibited. At this time, the life of the sheet can be extended, which is preferable.

In the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention, the horticultural cultivation house has a wall made of a non-porous sheet that can be contracted.
By stretching this non-perforated sheet to form a wall in cold regions and low temperatures in the spring, autumn and winter, the heat is kept at a level close to that of a normal greenhouse (a horticultural cultivation house modeled in FIG. 8). Performance can be improved. At this time, if the roof made of perforated sheets can be contracted, it can be shrunk so that the sunlight entering the house is not blocked. When the amount of solar radiation is small, such as when rain continues, cultivation can be carried out under exactly the same conditions as a normal greenhouse. At this time, if necessary, the inside can be heated positively by means such as heating. Note that the wall portion made of the non-porous sheet as described above is used for heat insulation, and is usually unnecessary in a high-temperature region such as Okinawa.

In the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention, the roof made of the non-perforated sheet is provided below the roof made of the perforated sheet, and the wall made of the non-perforated sheet is provided inside the wall made of the perforated sheet. The outer perforated sheet makes it possible to reduce the wind that hits the non-perforated sheet inside even in the case of rain with relatively strong wind, eliminating the need to shrink the non-perforated sheet, and the house itself. Of course, can be prevented from adversely affecting the plant to be cultivated,
It is possible to reduce the diameter of the house support, and to reduce the equipment cost.

Further, with such a configuration, the non-perforated sheet is hardly stained, and a decrease in light transmittance is prevented. Further, compared with a non-porous sheet used in a conventional greenhouse, a thinner sheet can be used, which is economically advantageous and can reduce the amount of waste at the time of disposal.

Here, when a roof portion is formed as a perforated sheet obtained by attaching a resin to a fibrous structure made of polyester or the like, and a roof portion of a non-porous sheet such as polyvinyl chloride is disposed below the roof portion, Since the strength of the perforated sheets is very high, there is no obstacle to these sheets due to snow or broken branches in strong wind. Further, at this time, the sunlight is uniformly scattered by the perforated sheet on the outside, so that the shade due to the house support is unlikely to occur, and the growth of the plant to be cultivated does not become uneven.

Further, in the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention, the roof made of non-perforated sheets needs to be contracted by means of winding or the like. Preventing embrittlement and deterioration of non-perforated sheet due to environmental factors such as sunlight by keeping roof of non-perforated sheet and wall of non-perforated sheet inside wall of perforated sheet Therefore, it is possible to extend the material for a long period of time and extend the life of the non-porous sheet, and at the same time, it is possible to reduce the actual volume in the house, thereby facilitating heat retention.

Further, at this time, since the house made of the non-perforated sheet is completely covered with the perforated sheet, a structure having a buffered air layer outside the house made of the non-perforated sheet is obtained. Can be prevented, and a decrease in light transmittance due to the condensation can be significantly reduced.

Contrary to the above, a roof made of a perforated sheet is provided under a roof made of a non-perforated sheet, and a wall made of the perforated sheet is provided inside a wall made of a non-perforated sheet. Even in this case, wind resistance equivalent to that of a conventional greenhouse can be obtained.

If the perforated and non-perforated sheets on the roof and the perforated and non-perforated sheets on the wall can all be contracted, even if the wind is extremely strong such as a typhoon, they can be reduced. By shrinking all of them, it is possible to avoid damage including these sheets and struts made of structural materials, etc., so that cultivation can be started again immediately and easily after passing the typhoon, and Damage can be minimized.

As a result, if the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention is used, even in a region where cultivation is not normally performed after the season when the typhoon approaches, a house can be newly prepared or a sheet can be purchased again. Without doing so, cultivation after the season when there is a possibility of a typhoon becomes possible.

The struts used in the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention can be all materials commonly used in horticultural cultivation houses, such as iron pipes, and are appropriately selected in consideration of strength and durability.

It is desirable that the non-porous sheet has a high light transmission property. In addition to the characteristics of the non-porous sheet usually used in a horticultural cultivation house, such as weather resistance, ultraviolet resistance, strength, etc. Flexibility is particularly needed to facilitate the exhibition. As such a material, it is desirable to use a non-porous sheet having a high light transmittance, such as a polyolefin resin such as a vinyl chloride resin or a polyethylene, or an ethylene-vinyl acetate resin. In addition, particularly high light transmittance,
In addition, a fluorine-based resin film having a property of being hardly stained can also be suitably used. (Furthermore, after the use of the fluororesin film, there is also an advantage that the treatment system by the user is unnecessary because the collection system by the manufacturer is widely used.)

The horticultural cultivation house of the present invention can be suitably used not only for cultivation on soil in the house but also for pot cultivation or nutrient solution cultivation. That is, in these, plants to be cultivated are located higher than in normal soil cultivation in a house, so that the conventional house was particularly susceptible to the high temperature at a high place in the house.

Hereinafter, the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A shows a cross section of a horticultural cultivation house of the present invention. This is a horticultural cultivation house in which a structural material (not shown) is used as a support and a perforated sheet is stretched on the post, and a roof portion made of a perforated sheet and a roof portion made of a non-porous sheet that can be contracted. Is a horticultural cultivation house having

In this horticultural cultivation house, the roof made of non-perforated sheets is arranged below the roof made of perforated sheets. For this reason, even in the case of rain with some strong wind, the wind hitting the non-porous sheet can be relieved by the perforated sheet, and the non-porous sheet can be kept stretched. It is possible to prevent the supply of excessive raindrops to the cultivated plants below the roof made of the perforated sheet.

Although the non-perforated sheet in FIG. 1A is in a stretched state, it can be wound up in the direction of the arrow in the figure and contracted. FIG. 1B is a view showing a state during the winding. Here, the roof portion made of a non-porous sheet is held by a wire (not shown) stretched in the house. Such a horticultural cultivation house is suitable for regions such as Okinawa where heat insulation is not required.

In the case of the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention, FIG.
As shown in (b), the expandable non-porous sheet of the roof can be adjusted from the upper part to adjust the so-called "chimney effect", and the temperature in the house can be easily adjusted. At the same time, the adjustment can be performed quickly.

The house shown in FIG. 1 can be easily formed at a low cost by modifying a conventional vinyl house having a wire for extending a sheet such as a nonwoven fabric for shading and heat insulation therein. it can.

On the other hand, when it is necessary to keep heat in winter, such as in a cold region, a horticultural cultivation house whose cross section is modeled in FIG. 2A is suitable. That is, this house
In addition to the structure of the horticultural cultivation house shown in (1), a wall made of a non-porous sheet that can be expanded is provided inside the wall made of a perforated sheet. As a result, in addition to the advantages of the house shown in FIG. 1, in cold weather, a roof portion and a wall portion formed of a non-porous sheet can be formed by expanding these sheets to have a heat retaining effect. At this time, in rainy weather, it is possible to prevent not only intrusion of rainwater from the roof but also infiltration of rainwater from the wall, which is effective in preventing the occurrence of disease.

FIG. 2 (b) is a model diagram showing a process in which the roof portion and the wall portion made of the non-perforated sheet are retracted by winding. The non-perforated sheets constituting the roof and the wall may be wound together in conjunction with each other, but since they are independent, the amount of wind, rainwater introduced into the house, or the internal temperature Adjustment becomes easy.

The horticultural cultivation house shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a roof portion made of a non-porous sheet inside which is linearly held by a wire (not shown). For this reason. Rainwater accumulates in the sagged part of this non-porous sheet, and as a result, the sheet breaks, and the columns made of structural material are adversely affected,
Alternatively, the sunshine on the plant to be cultivated may be uneven. Here, in a horticultural cultivation house whose cross section is modeled as shown in FIG. It is possible to prevent an obstacle due to a puddle.

FIG. 3 (b) is a model diagram showing the process of shrinking the roof and wall made of non-perforated sheets of this horticultural cultivation house.

As described above, when the non-porous sheet is stretched in the horticultural cultivation house shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, since the roof and the wall made of the non-porous sheet are formed, insects, No risk of wind or rainwater infiltration. However, sunshine is blocked by non-perforated sheets, which may be disadvantageous depending on the season or the plant to be cultivated.

The perforated sheet constituting the roof and the wall can be reduced by the horticultural cultivation house structure whose cross section is modeled in FIG. 4 (a).
And the weak point in the gardening cultivation house shown in FIG. 3 can be eliminated. In other words, with this structure, at the time when heat retention is required, heat retention and sunlight equivalent to those of the conventional vinyl house shown in FIG. 8 can be obtained. At this time, the perforated sheet and the non-perforated sheet need to be independently expandable.

In the horticultural cultivation house shown in FIG. 4A, if there is a possibility that the sheet may be damaged or the structural material may be destroyed by an extremely strong wind such as a typhoon, FIG. As shown in the process, the non-perforated sheet and the perforated sheet are both wound and contracted, thereby preventing the occurrence of damage. In this horticultural cultivation house, when the non-porous sheets on the roof portion and the wall portion are stretched, it is necessary to design the caution so that there is no gap into which the pests enter.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, the non-perforated sheet and the perforated sheet forming the roof are wound down. FIG. 5 shows an example in which these sheets are wound at the center of the roof.
In general, the sheet that forms the roof is rolled downward.
In a house of the type shown in FIG. 4, it is often necessary to newly design facilities such as a winding device. However, in a house of the type shown in FIG. 5, it is relatively easy to apply existing equipment and devices, so that equipment costs can be kept low, and at the same time, the construction period can be shortened.

The method of winding at the center of the roof can be applied to the roof made of non-porous sheets of the horticultural cultivation house shown in FIGS. A shortening effect is obtained.

As described above, specific examples of the horticultural cultivation house having the roof made of the non-perforated sheet below the roof made of the perforated sheet have been described, but these are relatively expensive equipment. Next, an example in which the effect of the present invention is obtained by using existing equipment formed by expanding a perforated sheet as shown in FIG. 9 will be described.

FIG. 6 (a) is a model sectional view of a horticultural cultivation house of the present invention to which existing equipment formed by extending a perforated sheet is applied. This house is an existing horticultural cultivation house that is made by expanding a conventional perforated sheet, and is provided with a roof portion and a wall portion made of a non-perforated sheet that can be contracted by remodeling. Fig. 6 (b) when unnecessary
As shown in FIG.
By making such modifications, using existing equipment,
It is possible to easily obtain the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a horticultural cultivation house which has a substantially similar form and winds a non-porous sheet forming a roof at the center of the roof. In this case, since it is easy to obtain the materials, it is possible to remodel the existing house quickly and inexpensively.

In the above-mentioned specific example, a house having an arched appearance has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to these. For example, a house having a roof shape as shown in FIG. Can be implemented.

[0051]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION The horticultural cultivation house of the present invention suppresses the occurrence of illness, has a perfect insect repellent effect, enables stable harvesting of stable and excellent quality even in extremely hot weather, even in cold regions or in high-temperature regions. It is an excellent gardening cultivation house with high worker comfort.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a model sectional view of an example of a horticultural cultivation house of the present invention. (B) It is a model figure which shows the process of shrinking the roof part which consists of a non-porous sheet of the house for horticultural cultivation of (a).

FIG. 2 (a) is a model cross-sectional view of another example of the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention (having a roof portion and a wall portion made of a non-porous sheet). (B) It is a model figure which shows the process of shrinking the roof part and wall part which consist of a non-porous sheet of the gardening cultivation house of (a).

FIG. 3 (a) Another example of the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention (having an arched roof and a wall made of a non-porous sheet).
It is a model sectional view of. (B) It is a model figure which shows the process of shrinking the roof part and wall part which consist of a non-porous sheet of the gardening cultivation house of (a).

FIG. 4 (a) Another example of the horticultural cultivation house of the present invention (having a roof portion and a wall portion made of an expandable perforated sheet, and a roof portion and a wall portion made of a non-porous sheet that can be expanded. FIG. (B) It is a model figure which shows the process of shrinking the roof part and wall part which consist of a perforated sheet, and the roof part and wall part which consist of a non-perforated sheet of the house for horticultural cultivation of (a).

FIG. 5 is a model diagram showing a cross section of a horticultural cultivation house in which a non-porous sheet and a perforated sheet forming a roof portion are wound around the center of the roof portion.

FIG. 6 (a) is a model sectional view of a horticultural cultivation house according to the present invention, in which existing equipment formed by extending perforated sheets is applied. (B) It is a model figure which shows the process of shrinking the roof part and wall part which consist of a non-porous sheet of the gardening cultivation house of (a).

FIG. 7 is a model of another example of a horticultural cultivation house according to the present invention (a type in which a non-perforated sheet forming a roof is wound at the center of the roof) according to the present invention, in which existing facilities formed by extending perforated sheets are applied. It is sectional drawing.

FIG. 8 (a) is a model diagram showing a horticultural cultivation house according to the prior art in which a non-porous sheet is stretched on a support made of a structural material. (B) It is a model figure which shows the cross section of the house for horticultural cultivation of (a).

FIG. 9 (a) is a model diagram showing a horticultural cultivation house according to the prior art in which a perforated sheet is stretched on a support made of a structural material. (B) It is a model figure which shows the cross section of the house for horticultural cultivation of (a).

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A horticultural cultivation house in which a structural material is used as a support and a perforated sheet is stretched on the post, and a roof part made of a perforated sheet and a roof part made of a non-perforable sheet that can be contracted are provided. A horticultural cultivation house characterized by having. 2. The horticultural cultivation house according to claim 1, further comprising a roof portion made of the non-perforated sheet below a roof portion made of a perforated sheet. 3. The horticultural cultivation house according to claim 2, wherein the horticultural cultivation house has a wall portion made of a non-porous sheet that can be contracted. 4. The horticultural cultivation house according to claim 3, wherein the wall portion made of the non-perforated sheet is provided inside the wall portion made of the perforated sheet. 5. The horticultural cultivation house according to claim 1, wherein a roof portion made of a perforated sheet is expandable. 6. The perforated sheet having a hole diameter of 0.1 mm.
And the area of the hole is 0.16 mm ² or more and 1.0 m
House horticultural cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is m ² or less.