JP2000060096A - Wind power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a wind power generator having a small starting torque and capable of easily starting even in a weak wind. SOLUTION: An armature provided with a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on the outer periphery, windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature and having an axis on an inner peripheral surface. In a wind turbine generator comprising a field provided with a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel and configured to rotate the armature and the field relatively by wind force, the number N of salient poles of the armature is 9 or more. And each phase of the armature winding is wound around three salient poles, and the intermediate salient pole is wound in the opposite direction to the windings of the other two salient poles. The wire is wound, and the ratio of the number M of the magnetic poles of the field to the number N of the salient poles of the armature is formed as M: N = 8: 9.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an armature having a plurality of salient poles provided on the outer periphery thereof wound with windings and a field having a plurality of permanent magnets provided on the inner peripheral surface. The present invention relates to a wind power generator configured to be relatively rotated by wind power, and particularly to a wind power generator that has a small starting torque and can be easily started even in a weak wind.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an example of a wind turbine generator to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 1 denotes a generator, which is driven by a wind turbine 2 and rectifies three-phase AC power induced by, for example, Y-connected U, V, and W phases into DC power by a rectifier 3 and a regulator 4.
Is stored in the battery 5 via. This electric power is used as a power supply for driving the external device 7 via the inverter 6. Reference numerals 8 and 9 denote a voltmeter and an ammeter, respectively.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an example of the configuration of the conventional generator 1 shown in FIG. 5, which is an example of a fixed armature field rotating type. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 11 denotes an armature provided with, for example, 27 salient poles 12 extending in the axial direction on the outer periphery at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and windings 13 wound around these salient poles 12. I have. U, V, W and U ', V', W 'are U
Phase, V-phase, and W-phase winding terminals. That is, the windings 13 of each phase are wound around the three salient poles 12 every two poles in the same direction, and the respective phases are Y-connected as shown in FIG.

[0004] Reference numeral 14 denotes a field, which is substantially parallel to the axis, for example, 1 mm, on the inner peripheral surface of a yoke 15 formed in a hollow annular or bowl-like shape by a ferromagnetic material such as a steel material.
It is configured by providing eight permanent magnets 16. Field 14
Is configured to be rotated by a windmill not shown.

With the above configuration, by rotating the field 14 around the fixed armature 11, an AC voltage can be induced in the winding 13 wound around the salient pole 12 of the armature 11.

[0006]

In the generator 1 having the above structure, the rotation of the field 14 is suppressed by the magnetic attraction generated between the permanent magnet 16 and the salient poles 12 (magnetic poles) of the armature 11. Torque acts. Therefore, in order to start the field 14 from the stationary state, the salient pole 12 and the permanent magnet 16
Because of the large number of directly facing, a large starting torque is required. Therefore, when the generator 1 is driven by the windmill 2 in the wind power generator, there is a problem that it is difficult to start the generator 1 in the case of a weak wind.

As means for solving the above problems, the permanent magnet 16 is provided so that its longitudinal direction is inclined with respect to the axis, and the longitudinal direction of the salient poles 12 of the armature 11 is inclined with respect to the axis. , The permanent magnets 16 are provided at unequal intervals in the circumferential direction, or a plurality of generators 1 are connected in tandem in the axial direction to suppress the rotation acting between the field 14 and the armature 11. Attempts have been made to set the positional relationship between the field 14 and the armature 11 in each of the generators 1 so that the rotational angle positions at which the torque is maximized are different from each other.

However, any of the above means not only complicates the structure of the generator 1 but also complicates the production.
In addition, there is a problem that the output of the generator 1 may be reduced, and that a satisfactory effect of reducing the starting torque cannot be seen.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and to provide a wind power generator having a small starting torque and capable of easily starting even in a weak wind.

[0010]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of salient poles extending in an axial direction are provided on an outer periphery, and windings are wound around these salient poles. Armature, and a field provided outside the armature and having a plurality of permanent magnets provided on an inner peripheral surface thereof in parallel with the axis, and the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind force. In the wind turbine generator, the number N of salient poles of the armature is formed to an integer multiple of 9 or more, and each phase of the armature winding is wound around three salient poles, A winding in the opposite direction to the windings of the other two salient poles is wound around the salient pole, and the ratio of the number M of the magnetic poles of the field to the number N of the salient poles of the armature is M: N =
The technical means of forming at 8: 9 was adopted.

In the present invention, the three windings can be formed so that the phases of the voltages induced in the windings wound around the three salient poles are different.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an armature having a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on the outer periphery thereof, and windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature. And a field formed by providing a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the axis on the inner peripheral surface, wherein the armature and the field are configured to rotate relative to each other by wind power. The number N of salient poles is 6n + 3 (n = 1, 2, 3,...)
And the number M of the magnetic poles of the field is set to (6n + 3) ± 1, and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase windings. 2n of each phase winding of three phase winding
A technique in which +1 successive windings of salient poles are sequentially wound in units of winding, and the windings wound by the continuous winding of 2n + 1 salient poles are formed in the opposite direction to the adjacent windings. Tactics were adopted.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an armature having a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on an outer periphery thereof, and windings wound around these salient poles, and provided outside the armature. And a field formed by providing a plurality of permanent magnets on the inner peripheral surface in parallel with the axis, and wherein the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind force. The number N of the poles is formed to be 12n (n = 1, 2, 3,...), And the number M of the magnetic poles of the field is formed to be 12n + 2.
The windings wound around the salient poles are three-phase windings of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, and the windings of each phase of these three-phase windings are made up of 2n salient-pole continuous windings. While winding sequentially in a winding form,
The winding wound by the 2n salient-pole continuous windings is formed in a direction opposite to that of the adjacent winding, and the U-phase winding, the W-phase winding, and the W-phase winding V phase winding, V phase winding followed by U
The technical means that the winding direction of the winding of each phase is formed in the opposite direction to the winding direction of the winding of the next phase in the order of the windings of the phases.

Still further, according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an armature having a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on the outer periphery thereof, and windings wound around these salient poles, and provided outside the armature. And a field formed by providing a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the axis on the inner peripheral surface, wherein the armature and the field are configured to rotate relative to each other by wind power. When the number N of salient poles is 12n (n = 1, 2, 3,...)
...), and the number M of the magnetic poles of the field is set to 12n-2, and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase windings. The winding of each phase of the three-phase winding is sequentially wound in a winding form in which 2n salient-pole continuous windings are used as a unit, and the winding wound by the 2n salient-pole continuous windings is a neighboring winding. The winding is formed in the reverse direction to the wire, and the U-phase winding, the V-phase winding, the V-phase winding, the W-phase winding, the W-phase winding, and the U-phase winding In the order of the lines, a technical means was adopted in which the winding direction of the winding of each phase was formed in a direction opposite to the winding direction of the winding of the next phase.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the armature includes a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on the outer periphery, and windings are wound around these salient poles, and the armature is provided outside the armature. And a field formed by providing a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the axis on the inner peripheral surface, and a wind power generator configured to relatively rotate the armature and the field by wind force.
The number N of salient poles of the armature is 6 (n + 1) (n = 1, 2, 3,
...), And the number M of field poles is set to 12 (n + 1) +
2 and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase,
W-phase three-phase windings, and windings of each phase of the three-phase windings are sequentially wound in a winding form in which n + 1 salient-pole continuous windings are used as a unit, and the n + 1 salient-pole continuous windings are wound. The wound winding is formed in the same direction as the adjacent winding, and the U-phase winding, the W-phase winding, the W-phase winding, the V-phase winding, V A technical means is adopted in which the winding direction of each phase winding is formed in the direction opposite to the winding direction of the next phase in the order of the U-phase winding after the phase winding.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an armature provided with a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on the outer periphery thereof, and windings wound around these salient poles, and provided outside the armature. And a field formed by providing a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the axis on the inner peripheral surface, wherein the armature and the field are configured to rotate relative to each other by wind power. When the number N of salient poles is 6 (n + 1) (n = 1, 2, 3,...)
..) And the number M of field poles is 12 (n-1) +2
And the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase, W-phase.
And three-phase windings of each phase, n
+1 windings of the salient pole continuous winding are sequentially wound in units, and the winding wound by the n + 1 salient pole continuous windings is formed in the same direction as the adjacent winding, and U Phase winding, V phase winding, V phase winding, W phase winding, W phase winding, U phase winding, and so on. The technical means that the winding direction is formed in the opposite direction to the winding direction of the next phase was adopted.

Further, in the above invention, each phase of the winding of the armature can be formed in a Y connection.

[0018]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. In FIG. 1, an armature 11 is provided with, for example, 27 salient poles extending in the axial direction on the outer circumference at equal intervals in a circumferential direction, and windings 13 are wound around these salient poles. The windings 13 of each phase are wound around, for example, three salient poles 12 continuous in the circumferential direction, and the intermediate salient poles 12 are opposite to the windings 13 of the adjacent salient poles 12. Direction winding 13 is wound.

For example, U wound between winding terminals U and U '
In the phase, the winding 13v wound around the intermediate salient pole 12
Is a winding 13 wound around the other two salient poles 12, 12.
u, 13w are windings in the opposite direction. The other V phase and W phase are formed similarly.

Next, for example, 24 permanent magnets 16 are provided substantially parallel to the axis on the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 15 constituting the field 14. In this case, when the number of salient poles of the armature 11 is N and the number of permanent magnets 16 of the field 14, that is, the number of magnetic poles is M, M: N = 8: 9. The number N of salient poles is an integral multiple of three.

With the above configuration, the field 14 is rotated around the fixed armature 11 via a windmill (not shown, see 2 in FIG. 5), so that the salient pole 12 of the armature 11 is wound. An AC voltage can be induced in the mounted winding 13.

FIG. 2 is a vector diagram of the voltage induced in each phase in FIG. For example, the U-phase winding 1 in FIG.
Assuming that the values of the voltages induced in 3u, 13v, and 13w are respectively “1”, there is a 20 ° electrical angle between adjacent windings, and thus the voltage value of the entire U-phase is “2. 88 "
Becomes This value has been confirmed by experiments. Therefore, if the induced voltage E of the winding 13 of the single salient pole 12 is e, the induced voltage E of each phase as a whole is E =
It turns out that it becomes 2.88e.

On the other hand, in the prior art shown in FIG. 6, the windings 13 of each phase are wound in the same direction on three salient poles 12 every two poles. The induced voltage E of each phase as a whole with respect to the induced voltage e of
= 3e. On the other hand, in the case of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the value of the induced voltage E is slightly reduced, but the reduction rate is only 4%.

Next, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the terminal voltages in chronological order, and (a) and (b) correspond to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, respectively. In addition, A and B in FIG. 3 respectively indicate a line terminal voltage and a rectified terminal voltage in the generator. In this case, the rotation speed of the field was 3,000 rpm, and the frequency was 600 Hz in (a) and 450 Hz in (b).

As is apparent from FIG. 3, in the case (b) corresponding to the conventional type, the waveform of the AC voltage A is distorted, and the pulsation rate of the DC voltage B is 28.6%. On the other hand, in (a) corresponding to the present invention, the waveform of the AC voltage A is a beautiful sine wave,
The pulsation rate of the DC voltage B is 14.6%, and the output waveform is extremely good. The starting torque of the field is 2.09 N · m (20.47 kgf · cm) in FIG.
In (a), 0.18 N · m (1.78 kgf · cm)
, Which is significantly reduced to 1/10 or less of the conventional one.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing output characteristics, showing the relationship between terminal voltage, output and efficiency and load current, where Δ ● ▲ corresponds to the present invention, and □ ○ □ respectively. It corresponds to the conventional type. As is clear from FIG. 4, it can be seen that the device according to the present invention has not only inferior output characteristics but also slightly improved characteristics as compared with the conventional device.

Table 1 shows a comparison between the above-described device of the present invention and the conventional device for each configuration and effect.

[0028]

[Table 1] As is clear from Table 1, in the case of the present invention, the starting torque of the field is greatly reduced as compared with the conventional one, which is 8.6%, which is 1/10 or less of the conventional one. I have. Therefore, even when the wind power is weak, the wind power generator can be easily started. This is because the ratio between the number M of the magnetic poles of the field and the number N of the salient poles of the armature is set to M: N = 8: 9, whereby the magnetic poles and the salient poles do not face each other at the same time. This is considered to be due to the dispersion of the magnetic attractive force. Also, the pulsation rate of the rectified DC voltage is reduced by almost half, and good output characteristics are obtained.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the so-called field rotating type in which the armature is fixed and the field rotates is described. However, the type in which the field is fixed and the armature rotates is described. That is, it is only necessary that a relative rotation exists between the two. In addition, although the example in which the salient poles and the magnetic poles are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction is shown, the present invention is not necessarily limited to those with equal intervals, and may have irregular intervals.

Further, the example of winding the armature winding around three salient poles continuous in the circumferential direction has been described.
However, the windings forming the respective phases are not limited thereto, and may be wound around the salient poles spaced apart from each other. In other words, the winding wound around the salient pole between the three salient poles may be wound around the other two salient poles. What is necessary is just to form so that it may be wound in the opposite direction to the winding of the salient pole.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. In FIG. 7, a field 1 rotating on the outer periphery of the armature 11 is shown.
The inside of the yoke 15 constituting # 4 has # 1 to # 26 26 (= 6 × 4 +
2) The permanent magnets 16 are provided. The armature 11 is formed with 27 (= 6 × 4 + 3) salient poles 12 and slots 104 each.
4 and U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase armature windings are 9 (=
2 × 4 + 1) salient poles are successively wound in units of windings, and the windings wound by the nine salient poles are wound in the opposite direction to the adjacent windings. It is wound.

That is, the U-phase armature winding has
The winding structure is made in units of salient poles 12, and ♯
The windings of the salient pole 1 and the salient pole ♯2 are wound in reverse winding,
The windings of the # 2 salient pole and the # 3 salient pole are wound in the reverse direction, and similarly, the # 8 salient pole and the # 9 salient pole are wound in the reverse direction. It consists of continuous windings.

Similarly, the V-phase armature winding is wound around the salient poles # 10 to # 18 in opposite directions.
And the W-phase armature winding is # 1
It is composed of nine continuous windings wound in opposite directions around salient poles from 9 to # 27.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the magnetic poles of the field 14 and the armature 11 at this time. In FIG. 8, a T-shaped cross straight line indicates a salient pole of the armature 11, and an arrow attached to the salient pole indicates a winding direction. The armature 11 has 27 salient poles, whereas the field 14 has 26 magnetic poles. Therefore, the salient poles of the armature 11 and the magnetic poles of the field 14 have an electrical angle of 180 ° -180 °. × (26/27) = 180 ° −
173.33 ° = 6.67 ° (rounded off the third decimal place).

For the sake of simplicity, the left end of the salient pole of the armature 11 around which the winding U _{1 of the} U-phase armature winding is wound is set to the left end of the magnetic pole N of # 1 of the field 14. Assuming that the winding V ₁ of the armature winding of the next V-phase after the winding U ₉
The left end of the salient pole where is wound is 6.67 ° × 9 = 6
0.03 ° (increased by 0.03 ° due to the above rounding, but is more precisely 60 °; enter this value in the figure), 60.03 ° from the left end of the magnetic pole S of ♯10 of the field 14 From the right end of the magnetic pole N of ♯9 of the field 14 from the right end.
0.03 ° = 119.97 ° (exactly 120 °; this value is shown in the figure). That left end of the salient windings V ₁ of the armature winding of the V-phase is wound, the field 1
It is located at a position 2/3 of the magnetic pole N of # 9 of No.4.

[0036] In the same manner, the left edge of the salient pole winding W ₁ of the armature winding of the next W-phase winding V ₉ is wound, 6.6
7 ° × 18 = 120.06 ° shift (increased by 0.06 ° due to the above rounding, but exactly 120 °)
4 is located 120.06 ° from the left end of the magnetic pole N at # 19, and 180 ° from the right end of the magnetic pole S at # 18 of the field 14.
120.06 ° = 59.94 ° (accurately 60 °). That is, the left end of the salient pole around which the winding V _{1 of the} V-phase armature winding is wound is located at a position which is １ ／ of the magnetic pole S of # 18 of the field 14.

[0037] The left end of the salient windings U ₁ of the next original U-phase armature winding of the W ₉ is wound, 6.67 ° ×
27 = 180.09 ° deviation (0.0 because of the above rounding)
9 °, but 180 ° to be precise).
2 is 180.09 ° from the left end of the magnetic pole S, and 180 ° -180.0 ° from the right end of the magnetic pole N of ♯1 of the field 14.
9 ° = −0.09 ° (exactly 0 °). That is, the left end of the salient pole around which the winding U _{1 of the} U-phase armature winding is wound is 0/3 of the magnetic pole N of 界 1 of the field 14,
That is, it returns to the initial position. That is, the nine salient-pole continuous windings of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase are windings shifted by 120 ° in electrical angle, and as shown in FIG. It has a winding structure capable of generating a voltage.

Considering the output voltage shown in FIG. 7, for example, one phase of the U phase, the winding wound by the 9-pole continuous winding is wound in the opposite direction to the adjacent winding. because there, so that the voltage to no windings U ₁ generated in U ₉ are added. That is, a reference vector U _1,
6. Vectors U _{2 to} U ₉ shifted by 67 °
9 is as shown in FIG. 9, and the magnitude of the vector U ₁ is 1 (= the magnitude of the vector U ₂ ,..., The magnitude of the vector U ₉ ). Then, the size of the composite vector U is 8.599. That is, the generated voltage of the U-phase 9 salient-pole continuous winding is 8.
599. The output voltage of the multipolar generator shown in FIG. 7 is (8.599 / 9) as compared with the conventional one.
× 100 = 96.0%, and it can be seen that no significant voltage drop occurs in this case as well. In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 7, since the structure is such that the magnetic poles of the field and the corresponding salient poles of the armature are less opposed, the cogging torque is reduced.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 11, a yoke 15 forming a field 14 rotating on the outer periphery of the armature 11 has a magnetic pole having different polarities in the order of {1 to # 10}.
(= 6 × 1 + 4) permanent magnets 16 are provided.
The armature 11 is formed with nine (= 6 × 1 + 3) salient poles 12 and slots 104, respectively. These nine slots 104 are used to form a three-phase armature winding of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase. The wire is sequentially wound in a winding manner in units of three (= 2 × 1 + 1) salient pole continuous windings, and the winding wound by the three salient pole continuous windings is reversed with respect to an adjacent winding. It is wound in a direction winding.

That is, the U-phase armature winding has three continuous
The winding structure is made in units of salient poles 12, and ♯
The windings of the salient pole 1 and the salient pole ♯2 are wound in reverse winding,
The windings of the # 2 salient pole and the # 3 salient pole consist of three continuous windings wound in reverse winding.

Similarly, the W-phase armature windings are # 4 and #
5, and three continuous windings wound in opposite directions around the salient poles of # 5 and # 6, and the V-phase armature winding is
It consists of three continuous windings wound in opposite directions around the salient poles 7 and 8, and 8 and 9 respectively.

FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the magnetic poles of the field 14 and the armature 11 at this time. In FIG.
The T-shaped crossed straight line indicates the salient pole of the armature 11, and the arrow attached to the salient pole indicates the winding direction. Since the number of salient poles of the armature 11 is nine, while the number of magnetic poles of the field 14 is 10, the salient poles of the armature 11 and the magnetic poles of the field 14 have an electrical angle of 180 ° -180 °. × (10/9) = 180 ° −
200 [deg.] =-20 [deg.].

For the sake of simplicity, the left end of the salient pole of the armature 11 around which the winding U _{1 of the} U-phase armature winding is wound corresponds to the left end of the magnetic pole N of # 1 of the field 14. If it is assumed that the match, the left end of the salient pole winding U ₂ is wound 20
°, the left end of the salient pole around which the winding U ₃ is wound is two more.
It is off by 0 °. The left end of the salient pole around which the winding W _{1 of the} W-phase armature winding is further shifted by 20 ° is located at a position which is の of the magnetic pole S of ♯4 of the field 14. . Similarly, the left end of the salient pole around which the winding V _{1 of the} V-phase armature winding is wound is located at ２ of the magnetic pole N of ♯7 of the field 14. The left end of the salient pole around which the next U-phase winding U ₁ is wound is shifted by 20 ° × 9 = 180 °, and the 磁 1
Coincides with the left end of the magnetic pole N. That left end of the salient windings U ₁ of the armature winding of the U-phase is wound back to the initial position. That is, the three-slot continuous windings of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase are windings shifted by 120 ° in electrical angle, and as shown in FIG. Is generated.

Considering the output voltage shown in FIG. 11, for example, one phase of the U phase, the winding wound by three salient pole continuous windings is wound in the opposite direction to the adjacent winding. Therefore, the voltages generated in the windings U ₁ to U ₃ are added. That is, a reference vector U _1,
A composite vector U of three salient pole continuous windings when the vector U ₂ and the vector U ₃ shifted by −20 ° are added.
Is as shown in FIG. 13, and the magnitude of the vector U ₁ is 1
When (= the size of the vector U ₂ and the vector U ₃ ), the size of the composite vector U is 2.88. That is, the generated voltage of the three-pole continuous winding of the U-phase is 2.88. The output voltage of the multipolar generator shown in FIG. 11 is (2.88 / 3) × 100 =
96.0%, which indicates that no significant voltage drop occurs in this case as well. In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 11, the structure has a structure in which the magnetic poles of the field and the corresponding salient poles of the armature are less opposed to each other, so that the cogging torque is reduced.

In FIG. 11, the number of salient poles 12 of the armature 11 is nine.
(= 6 × 1 + 3), and the number of magnetic poles of the field 14 is 10 (= 6 × 1
+4) Although the description has been made with the multipolar generator having the structure of
And the number of salient poles of the armature is 6n + 3, and the number of magnetic poles of the field is 6n + 4 (n = 1, 2, 2).
3,...), The same holds true. Also at this time, the voltage drop is small, and the cogging torque is small because the magnetic poles of the field and the salient poles of the corresponding armature are less directly opposed.

[0046]

[Table 2] FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 14, inside the yoke 15 constituting the field 14 rotating on the outer periphery of the armature 11, the polarities of the magnetic poles are sequentially changed so that 14 (= 12 ×
1 + 2) permanent magnets 16 are provided. Armature 1
1 are formed with 12 (= 12 × 1) salient poles 12 and slots 104, and these 12 slots 1
04, the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase armature windings are 2
(= 2 × 1) continuous windings in units of salient pole continuous windings, and the windings wound by the two salient pole continuous windings are wound in the opposite direction to the adjacent windings. It is wound. Furthermore, the U-phase winding is followed by the W-phase winding, the W-phase winding is followed by V
-Phase winding, V-phase winding, U'-phase winding, and so on, in the same order, the winding direction of each phase winding is opposite to the winding direction of the next phase winding. It is wound in form.

That is, each of the U-phase, W-phase and V-phase armature windings has a winding structure in which two continuous salient poles are used as a unit. The windings of the two salient poles are wound in reverse winding, and the windings of the W-phase # 3 salient poles and # 4 salient poles are wound in reverse winding, and the V-phase # 5 salient poles are wound. Pole and ♯
The winding of the sixth salient pole is wound in the reverse direction. Moreover, the winding of the U-phase # 2 salient pole and the winding of the W-phase # 3 salient pole are wound in the same direction, and the winding of the W-phase # 4 salient pole and the V-phase The winding of the # 5 salient pole is wound in the same direction. Similarly, the winding of the V-phase # 6 salient pole and the winding of the next U'-phase # 1 salient pole are wound in the same direction.

FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the magnetic poles of the field 14 and the poles of the armature 11 at this time. In FIG. 15, a T-shaped cross straight line indicates a salient pole of the armature 11, and an arrow attached to the salient pole indicates a winding direction. Armature 1
The number of magnetic poles of the field 14 is 14 while the number of salient poles of 1 is 12; therefore, the salient poles of the armature 11 and the magnetic poles of the field 14 have an electrical angle of 180 ° −180 ° × ( 14/12) = 1
80 ° −210 ° = −30 °.

For the sake of simplicity, the left end of the salient pole of the armature 11 around which the winding U _{1 of the} U-phase armature winding is aligned with the left end of the magnetic pole N of 界 1 of the field 14. assuming that there, the left end of the salient pole windings U ₂ are wound are shifted 30 °. The left end of the salient pole around which the winding W _{1 of the} W-phase armature winding is further shifted by 30 ° is located at a position which is １ ／ of the magnetic pole N of ♯3 of the field 14. . Similarly, the left end of the salient pole around which the winding V _{1 of the} V-phase armature winding is wound is located at 位置 of the magnetic pole N of の 5 of the field 14. The left end of the salient pole on which the next U′-phase armature winding U ₁ ′ is wound coincides with the left end of the # 8 magnetic pole S of the field 14. Hereinafter Since the Yuku displaced while maintaining the relationship, the left end of the salient pole windings U ₁ of the following U-phase armature winding of V'-phase (not shown) is wound, the first position Return. That is, the two salient-pole continuous windings of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase are windings shifted by 120 ° in electrical angle, and the three-phase AC of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase as shown in FIG. It has a winding structure capable of generating a voltage.

Considering the output voltage shown in FIG. 14, for example, one phase of the U phase, the winding wound by the two salient pole continuous windings is wound in the opposite direction to the adjacent winding. Therefore, the voltages generated in the windings U ₁ and U ₂ are added. That is, −3 based on the vector U _1.
The resultant vector U of the two salient pole continuous windings when the vector U ₂ shifted by 0 ° is added is as shown in FIG. 16, and the magnitude of the vector U ₁ is 1 (= the magnitude of the vector U ₂ ). Then, the size of the composite vector U is 1.93. That is, the generated voltage of the U-phase two salient pole continuous winding is 1.
93. The output of the multipolar generator shown in FIG. 14 is (1.93 / 2) ×
100 = 96.5%. In this case as well, the voltage drop is small, and the cogging torque is reduced because the magnetic poles of the field and the salient poles of the armature are less directly opposed.

In FIG. 14, the number of salient poles 12 of the armature 11 is one.
2 (= 12 × 1) and the number of magnetic poles of the field 14 is 14 (= 12 × 1)
Although the description has been given of the multipolar generator having 1 + 2) structures, generally, the structure has the relationship shown in Table 3, the number of slots of the armature is 12n, and the number of magnetic poles of the field is 12n + 2 (n = 1, 2, 2).
3,...), The same holds true. At this time, a voltage drop is small, and a structure in which the magnetic poles of the field and the salient poles of the corresponding armature are opposed to each other is small, so that the cogging torque is reduced.

[0052]

[Table 3] Here, the winding configuration shown in FIG.
And W-phase three-phase armature windings are sequentially wound in units of 2 (= 2 × 1) salient pole continuous windings.
The winding in which the winding wound in the salient pole continuous winding is wound in the reverse direction winding with respect to the adjacent winding is established even if the winding has the relationship shown in Table 4. However, the number of poles of the field at this time is 1
2n-2 (n = 1, 2, 3,...), The number of salient poles of the armature is 12n, and the U-phase winding is followed by the V-phase winding, the V-phase winding Next to the W-phase winding, next to the W-phase winding
In the order of the windings of the phases, the winding direction of the windings of the respective phases is wound in a winding form opposite to the winding direction of the winding of the next phase.

[0053]

[Table 4] At this time, for example, when the number of poles of the field is 10 and the number of slots of the armature is 12, the salient pole 12 of the armature 11 and the magnetic pole of the field 14 have an electrical angle of 180 ° −180 ° × (10 / 12)
= 180 ° −150 ° = 30 °, and the only difference is the reverse of the case of FIG. 14 and Table 3 described above.
The description is omitted.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 17, inside the yoke 15 constituting the field 14 rotating on the outer periphery of the armature 11, the polarities of the magnetic poles are sequentially changed so that 26
[= 12 (1 + 1) +2] permanent magnets 16 are provided. The armature 11 is formed with 12 [= 6 (1 + 1)] salient poles 12 and slots 104, and the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase armatures are formed using these twelve slots 104. The winding is sequentially wound in a winding manner in units of 2 (= 1 + 1) salient pole continuous windings, and the winding wound by the two salient pole continuous windings is wound in the same direction with respect to the adjacent winding. It is wound. Furthermore, a U-phase winding, a W-phase winding, a W-phase winding, a V-phase winding, a V-phase winding, a U'-phase winding, and so on. The winding of each phase is wound in a winding direction opposite to the winding of the next phase.

That is, the U-phase, W-phase, and V-phase armature windings have a winding structure in which two continuous salient poles are used as a unit. 2 salient pole windings, W-phase # 3 salient poles and # 4 salient pole windings, V-phase # 5 salient poles and #
The windings of the six salient poles are wound in the same direction in each phase, and are wound in a U-phase, a W-phase, a W-phase and a V-phase, and a V-phase. The wire and the next U'-phase winding are wound in opposite directions, respectively. W 'phase, V
The same applies to the 'phase winding.

FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the magnetic poles of the field 14 and the poles of the armature 11 at this time. In FIG. 18, a T-shaped cross straight line indicates a salient pole of the armature 11, and an arrow attached to the salient pole indicates a winding direction. Armature 1
Since the number of salient poles of 1 is 12 and the number of magnetic poles of the field 14 is 26, the salient poles of the armature 11 and the magnetic poles of the field 14 have an electrical angle of 180 ° −180 ° × ( 26/12) = 1
80 ° -390 ° = −210 °.

[0057] The left end of the salient poles of the armature 11 which winding U ₁ of the armature winding of the U-phase is wound for clarity now matches the left edge of the magnetic pole N of ♯1 of the field 14 assuming that there, the left end of the salient pole windings U ₂ is wound 210
°, that is, 30 ° from the left end of the magnetic pole N of ♯3 of the field 14.
It is out of alignment. The left end of the salient pole of ♯3 the windings W ₁ of the armature winding of the W-phase is wound further since shifted 210 °, 60 ° from the left end of the magnetic pole N of ♯5 of the field 14 That is, the position is 1/3. Similarly, the left end of the salient pole around which the winding V _{1 of the} V-phase armature winding is wound is located at ２ of the magnetic pole N of の 9 of the field 14. Although not shown in FIG. 18, the winding U of the next U′-phase armature winding
The left end of the salient pole around which ₁ 'is wound is
Coincides with the left end of the magnetic pole S. Hereinafter, since the relationship is shifted while maintaining the relationship as described above, the next U of the V ′ phase (not shown)
Leftmost salient windings U ₁ of the armature winding phase is wound returns to the initial position. That is, the two salient-pole continuous windings of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase are windings shifted by 120 ° in electrical angle, and the three-phase AC of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase as shown in FIG. It has a winding structure capable of generating a voltage.

Considering the output voltage shown in FIG. 17, for example, one phase of the U phase, the winding wound by the two salient-pole continuous windings is wound in the same direction as the adjacent winding. Therefore, the voltages generated in the windings U ₁ and U ₂ are added. That is, −3 based on the vector U _1.
The resultant vector U of the two salient pole continuous windings when the vector U ₂ shifted by 0 ° is added is as shown in FIG. 19, and the magnitude of the vector U ₁ is 1 (= the magnitude of the vector U ₂ ). Then, the size of the composite vector U is 1.93. That is, the generated voltage of the U-phase two-slot continuous winding is 1.93. The output voltage of the multipolar generator shown in FIG. 17 is (1.93 /
2) × 100 = 96.5%, and also in this case, the voltage drop is also small, and further, since the structure is such that the magnetic poles of the field and the salient poles of the corresponding armature are few, the cogging torque is small Become.

In FIG. 17, the number of salient poles of the armature is 12 [= 6
(1 + 1)] pieces and the field magnetic pole is 26 [= 12 (1 + 1)]
+2] multipole generators, but in general Table 5
In the structure having the relationship shown in FIG.
(N + 1) +2 (n = 1, 2, 3,...), And the same holds when the number of slots of the armature is 6 (n + 1). At this time, a voltage drop is small, and a structure in which the magnetic poles of the field and the salient poles of the corresponding armature are opposed to each other is small, so that the cogging torque is reduced.

[0060]

[Table 5] Here, the winding configuration shown in FIG.
And W-phase three-phase armature windings are sequentially wound in units of 2 (= 1 + 1) salient-pole continuous winding.
The winding in which the winding wound in the salient pole continuous winding is wound in the same direction as the adjacent winding is established even if the winding has the relationship shown in Table 6. However, the number of poles of the field at this time is 1
2 (n + 1) -2 (n = 1, 2, 3,...), The number of slots of the armature is 6 (n + 1), and the U-phase winding is followed by the V-phase winding and the V-phase winding. The winding direction of the winding of each phase is opposite to the winding direction of the winding of the next phase in the order of the winding of the next phase, the winding of the W phase, the winding of the W phase, and then the winding of the U phase. Is wound in the winding form.

[0061]

[Table 6] At this time, for example, when the number of poles of the field is 22 and the number of salient poles of the armature is 12, the salient pole 12 of the armature 11 and the magnetic pole of the field 14 have an electrical angle of 180 ° −180 × (22 / 12) = 1
The difference is only 80 ° −330 ° = −150 °, which is the reverse of the case of FIG. 17 and Table 5 described above, and a description thereof will be omitted.

[0062]

According to the present invention, the configuration and operation as described above, the following effects can be obtained. (1) The starting torque from the stationary state is 1/1 of the conventional one.
Since it is a small value of 0 or less, it is possible to easily start even in a weak wind. (2) The pulsation rate of the rectified DC voltage is approximately 1 / the conventional value.
2 and the output characteristics are improved. (3) Since the configuration of the device is substantially the same as that of the conventional device, there is almost no increase in surplus cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vector diagram of a voltage induced in each phase in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing terminal voltages in time series.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing output characteristics.

FIG. 5 is a configuration block diagram illustrating an example of a wind power generation device to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional generator 1 in FIG.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a magnetic pole and an armature.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a combined vector of a U-phase 9-pole continuous winding.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of three-phase AC voltage generation.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a magnetic pole and an armature.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a combined vector of a U-phase continuous winding of three salient poles.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a magnetic pole and an armature.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a combined vector of a U-phase two salient pole continuous winding.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a magnetic pole and an armature.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of a combined vector of a U-phase two-pole salient pole continuous winding.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 armature 12 salient pole 14 field 16 permanent magnet

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An armature having a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on an outer periphery thereof and windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature and having an axial line on an inner peripheral surface thereof. And a field in which a plurality of permanent magnets are provided in parallel with each other, and wherein the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind force. The windings of the armature are wound around three salient poles, and the intermediate salient poles are wound in the opposite direction to the windings of the other two salient poles. A wind power generator in which a winding is wound, and a ratio of the number M of field magnetic poles to the number N of salient poles of the armature is M: N = 8: 9. 2. The wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the phases of the voltages induced in the windings wound around the three salient poles are different. 3. An armature provided with a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on the outer periphery thereof and windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature and having an axial line on an inner peripheral surface thereof. And a field formed by providing a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with each other, and wherein the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind power, wherein the number N of salient poles of the armature is 6n + 3. (N = 1, 2, 3, ...
..) And the number M of field poles is (6n + 3) ±
1 and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase,
W-phase three-phase windings, and windings of each phase of these three-phase windings are sequentially wound in a winding form in units of 2n + 1 salient-pole continuous windings. A wind power generator, wherein a winding wound by winding is formed in a direction opposite to that of an adjacent winding. 4. An armature having a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on an outer periphery thereof and windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature and having an axial line on an inner peripheral surface thereof. And a field provided with a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the armature, wherein the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind force. (N = 1, 2, 3, ...)
And the number M of field poles is set to 12n + 2, and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase windings. Are sequentially wound in a winding form in which 2n salient pole continuous windings are used as a unit, and the winding wound by the 2n salient pole continuous windings is wound in the opposite direction to the adjacent winding. Winding, and the U-phase winding, the W-phase winding, the W-phase winding, the V-phase winding, the V-phase winding, and then the U-phase winding. And a winding direction of the winding of each phase is formed in a direction opposite to the winding direction of the winding of the next phase. 5. An armature having a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on an outer periphery thereof and windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature and having an axial line on an inner peripheral surface thereof. And a field provided with a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the armature, wherein the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind force. (N = 1, 2, 3, ...)
And the number M of field poles is set to 12n-2, and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase windings. The winding of each phase of the winding is sequentially wound in a winding form in units of 2n salient pole continuous windings, and the winding wound by the 2n salient pole continuous windings is referred to as an adjacent winding. The winding is formed in the reverse direction, and the U-phase winding is followed by the V-phase winding, the V-phase winding is followed by the W-phase winding, the W-phase winding is followed by the U-phase winding. A wind power generator, wherein the winding direction of the winding of each phase is formed in the reverse direction to the winding direction of the winding of the next phase. 6. An armature provided with a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on an outer periphery thereof and windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature and provided on an inner peripheral surface thereof. And a field provided with a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the armature, wherein the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind force. (N + 1) (n = 1, 2, 3,
...), And the number M of field poles is set to 12 (n + 1) +
2 and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase,
W-phase three-phase windings, and windings of each phase of the three-phase windings are sequentially wound in a winding form in which n + 1 salient-pole continuous windings are used as a unit, and the n + 1 salient-pole continuous windings are wound. The wound winding is formed in the same direction as the adjacent winding, and the U-phase winding, the W-phase winding, the W-phase winding, the V-phase winding, V A wind power generator wherein the winding direction of each phase winding is formed in the reverse direction to the winding direction of the next phase in the order of the U-phase winding after the phase winding. 7. An armature having a plurality of salient poles extending in the axial direction on an outer periphery thereof, and windings wound around these salient poles, and an armature provided outside the armature and having an axial line on an inner peripheral surface thereof. And a field provided with a plurality of permanent magnets in parallel with the armature, wherein the armature and the field are relatively rotated by wind force. (N + 1) (n = 1, 2, 3,
...), And the number M of field poles is 12 (n-1) +
2 and the windings wound around the salient poles are U-phase, V-phase,
W-phase three-phase windings, and windings of each phase of the three-phase windings are sequentially wound in a winding form in which n + 1 salient-pole continuous windings are used as a unit, and the n + 1 salient-pole continuous windings are wound. The wound winding is formed in the same direction as the adjacent winding, and the U-phase winding is followed by the V-phase winding, the V-phase winding is followed by the W-phase winding, W A wind power generator, wherein the winding direction of each phase winding is formed in a direction opposite to the winding direction of the next phase winding in the order of the U-phase winding after the phase winding. 8. The wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein each phase of the winding of the armature is formed in a Y connection.